CN108719025A - The spontaneous long organic vegetable of one kind and its breeding method - Google Patents
The spontaneous long organic vegetable of one kind and its breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108719025A CN108719025A CN201710240830.5A CN201710240830A CN108719025A CN 108719025 A CN108719025 A CN 108719025A CN 201710240830 A CN201710240830 A CN 201710240830A CN 108719025 A CN108719025 A CN 108719025A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of from growth vegetables and its breeding method, and the vegetables include vegetables main body and are wrapped in the matrix of vegetables body heel, and the matrix includes bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism；The bulk media is that peat further includes optionally coconut palm chaff；The functional microorganism includes that nutrient is promoted to fix and releasing microbe and preventing disease and pest microorganism；The breeding method is as follows：(1) bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism are mixed, form matrix, (2) to Medium Culture program request seed, it is subsequently placed in open country, arched shed or greenhouse, it is preferred that arched shed or greenhouse, (3) it is sprayed water using automatic spraying device, obtains the spontaneous long organic vegetable；Spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention has without containing chemical compositions such as chemical fertilizer, pesticides from growth ability, after one batch edible, it can be with automatic growth, until eating 5~10 batches, simultaneously, consumer almost can now pluck and now eat, and ensure that the freshness of edible vegetable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivations of vegetable cultivation field more particularly to organic vegetable, particularly, are related to the organic vegetable of spontaneous length
The cultivation of dish.
Background technology
As the food-safe requirement of modern is higher and higher, the quality complete problem of victual is also by the whole society
Concern.And as the improvement of people's living standards, people are also higher and higher to vegetables quality requirement.But presently commercially available vegetable
Dish be susceptible to pesticide and harmful substance residual, even transgenic product phenomena such as, to endanger health of people.On the other hand,
Since the storage period of vegetables is short, in many cases, especially city dweller is difficult to obtain fresh vegetables.
Therefore, pollution-free, without fertilizer and pesticide residual and fresh organic vegetable increasingly have been favored by people, but
It is that the price average specific common vegetable of organic vegetable is higher by 4~5 times, and sexual valence is relatively low, can't generally go on public dining table.
Wherein, one of the reason of leading to organic vegetable such high price, is the selection in organic vegetable base, as that must not use chemistry in 3 years
Unauthorized substances such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer etc..
Moreover, China arable land Per capita area is insufficient, vegetable cultivation area is lower, in order to solve to have a large population and a few land, Vegetable
Certain development is achieved in recent years, but Vegetable forces consumer to have to frequently replace expensive flowerpot and matrix,
It is of high cost.Simultaneously because hold vegetables basin and discrete phase for the vegetables of cultivation, it is heavy and be not easy to move, make transport at
This is also significantly increased.
Therefore, soil, convenience in transport, cultivation fresh and that high performance-price ratio organic vegetable can be obtained not being depended on there is an urgent need for a kind of
Method.
Invention content
To solve the above-mentioned problems, present inventor has performed sharp studies, using a small amount of soilless substyate culture, with organic fertilizer
For nutrient, and functional microorganism is added and promotes Nutrient Absorption, preventing disease and pest, the cultivation of organic vegetable is carried out, in this way, using no soil
Medium facilitates transport so as to avoid the dependence to soil using a small amount of matrix, also, special messenger is not necessarily in cultivating process
Nurse is not necessarily to fertilising, without manual operations such as the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, realizes semi-automatic training, has saved cost, also, obtain
Product have from growth ability, one batch of consumption in general one week or so can at most consume ten batches, and yield is carried up to 6~12 jins/plant
The high cost performance of product, thereby completing the present invention.
This hair provides a kind of method preparing organically-modified sepiolite, embodies in the following areas：
(1) a kind of spontaneous long organic vegetable, wherein the vegetables include vegetables main body and are wrapped in vegetables body heel
Matrix, wherein the matrix includes bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism.
(2) vegetables according to above-mentioned (1), wherein
The weight of the matrix is 10~100g/ plants, preferably 20~100g/ plants, more preferably 40~100g/ plants；With/
Or
The bulk media is that peat further includes optionally coconut palm chaff, it is preferable that the peat is moss peat.
(3) vegetables according to above-mentioned (1) or (2), wherein
The grain size of the bulk media is 0.1~15mm, preferably 0.1~10mm, more preferably 0.1~6mm；And/or
The water absorption of the bulk media is 150~550%, preferably 200~500%, more preferably 200~400%.
(4) vegetables according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (3), which is characterized in that
The organic fertilizer includes feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural wastes and trade waste；And/or
The weight ratio of the organic fertilizer and matrix is (2~6)：15, preferably (3~5)：15, more preferably (4~5)：
15。
(5) vegetables according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (4), wherein the functional microorganism includes that nutrient is promoted to fix
With releasing microbe and preventing disease and pest microorganism,
Preferably：It is described to promote nutrient fixation and the weight ratio of releasing microbe and matrix for (1~4)：1000, preferably
(1~3)：1000, more preferably (1~2)：1000；
It is highly preferred that the weight ratio of the prevention pest and disease damage microorganism and matrix is (1~4)：1000, preferably (1~
3)：1000, more preferably (1~2)：1000.
(6) vegetables according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (5), wherein the promotion nutrient, which is fixed with releasing microbe, is
Complex microorganism specifically includes nitrogen-fixing microorganism, phosphate solubilizing microorganism and silicate-dissolving microbe, wherein
Promote nutrient fix with releasing microbe in, nitrogen-fixing microorganism, phosphate solubilizing microorganism and silicate-dissolving microbe weight
Than for (3~5)：(1~3)：(3~5), preferably (3.5~4.5)：(1.5~2.5)：(3.5~4.5), more preferably 4：2：
4.(please confirm whether above-mentioned statement is correct).
(7) vegetables according to one of above-mentioned (1) to (6), wherein
The nitrogen-fixing microorganism is selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter), Bai Yelin kirschner bacterium (Beijerinckia), fixed nitrogen
Monad (Azomonas), fixed nitrogen coccus (Azococcus), De Kesi Salmonellas (Derxia), mycobacterium flavum
(Mycobacterium flavum), production fat spirillum (Spirillum lipoferum), Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
(Thiobacillus ferroxidans), beads indigo plant bacterium (Nostoc), fish raw meat indigo plant bacterium (Anabaena), chomophoric bacterium
(Chromatium), green pseudomonad (Ch loropseudomonas), bar bacterium (Corymebacterium), azospirillum
(Azospirillum), red spirillum (Rhodospirillum), red pseudomonas (Rhodopseudomonas) and nitrogen sporangium
One or more of, it is preferably selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter) and/or nitrogen sporangium；And/or
The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is selected from bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), rhizopus (Rhizopus), chain
Mould (Streptomvces), pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans) and Huang
One or more of Bacillus (Flavobacterium) is preferably selected from streptomycete (Streptomvces), cyclic annular gemma bar
One or more of bacterium (Bacillus circulans) and Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium)；And/or
The silicate-dissolving microbe is selected from bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), silicate bacteria (Silicate
Bacteria) and one or more of Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans), it is preferably selected from silicate bacteria
(Silicate bacteria) and/or Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans), more preferably silicate bacteria
(Silicate bacteria)；
The preventing disease and pest microorganism is selected from Dipel, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis (Bacillus
Subtilis) and one kind in pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), aphid mould (Entomophthora aphidis Hoffm) or
It is several.
(8) breeding method of a kind of above-mentioned (1) to (7) spontaneous long organic vegetable, wherein the method includes following
Step：
Step 1 mixes bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism, is placed in poroid container and shapes, forms matrix；
Step 2, to Medium Culture program request seed, be subsequently placed in open country, arched shed or greenhouse, preferably arched shed or greenhouse；
Step 3 is sprayed water using automatic spraying device, after growing 25~180 days, obtains the organic vegetable of spontaneous length
Dish.
(9) method according to above-mentioned (8), wherein
In step 2, the seed is germination percentage and strong sprout rate in the seed of 90% or more (especially 95% or more)；
And/or
In step 2, it is provided with fly net in open country, arched shed or greenhouse.
(10) method according to above-mentioned (8), wherein
In step 3, control air humidity is 40~70%, preferably 50~70%, more preferably 60~70%；With/
Or
In step 3, control growth temperature is 20~40 DEG C, preferably 25~35 DEG C, more preferably 25~30 DEG C.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention will now be described in detail, and the features and advantages of the invention will become more with these explanations
It is clear, clear.
One aspect of the present invention provides a kind of spontaneous long organic vegetable, the spontaneous long organic vegetable include vegetables main body and
It is wrapped in the matrix of vegetables body heel, the matrix includes bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism.
Wherein, the vegetables are leaf vegetables, such as rape, spinach, romaine lettuce and Lettuce etc..
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume of the volume of the matrix and the ripe root system of the vegetables
Than being 1/3~1/5, wherein the root long of ripe root system determines that the weight of matrix, Root Distribution determine the long width of matrix.
Wherein, the ripe root system refers to the root system after vegetables grow up to, and the matrix volume in the present invention is much smaller than matured root
System be due to matrix be only root system provide growth and development moisture and nutrient, it is ensured that the various pieces of root system are all attached with matrix,
The moisture and nutrient supply that can guarantee plant, to growth of keeping fit, while vegetables are i.e. a kind of in hole tray since sowing
Sizing container in grow, root system is coiled in growth course along container for several times, thus determine matrix volume be maturation
Root system 1/5-1/3 plucks mode in conjunction with the slash of vegetables from outside to inside, can pick for several times, without nutrient from experiment production process
Supplement, also illustrates that this method is feasible.
In further preferred embodiment, the shape of the matrix is different and different according to vegetable species.
Wherein, due to different vegetables, the shape of ripe root system is different, such as the system of fibrous root, reduces cavities
Depth increases cavities width, for the system of taproot, increases cavities depth, reduces cavities width.
In embodiment still more preferably, the shape base of the shape of the matrix and the ripe root system of the vegetables
This is consistent.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight of the matrix is 10~100g/ plants.
Wherein, the weight of the matrix be bulk medium, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism weight and, without containing training
Educate the weight for the moisture that bulk media absorbs during spraying.
In further preferred embodiment, the weight of the matrix is 20~100g/ plants.
In embodiment still more preferably, the weight of the matrix is 40~100g/ plants.
Wherein, compared to traditional Vegetable, vegetables of the present invention do not need flowerpot, and vegetables directly give birth in the substrate
It is long, and matrix weight is low, is easy to transport in this way, and transportation cost is greatly saved.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bulk media is that peat further includes optionally coconut palm chaff.
Wherein, normal soil is substituted using peat：(1) peat is the soil for accumulating and being formed peat horizon by plant residue,
Its lighter in weight, soft texture are more convenient for transporting compared to normal soil, reduce transportation cost；(2) peat is in certain journey
It is sterile on degree, in this way, substituting soil using sterile peat, native infectious disease can be effectively prevent to poison, more conducively cultivated
Management, because being mainly preventing disease and pest management in the nurturing period, and the bacterium of most of pest and disease damages not instead of vegetables itself is caused,
The bacterium that sordid soil is brought has corroded vegetables；(3) peat sheet is as plant residue, therefore, compared to normal soil,
Itself just contains certain nutrient.
In further preferred embodiment, the peat is moss peat, and the moss peat is by bryophyte
It is formed after rotting.
Wherein, after bryophyte death, cell wall will not cave in, and form hollow parenchyma cell, may be implemented to absorb
With transmission moisture, there is water retention property, while having and breathing freely well, watering is not hardened, is conducive to vegetable root system and grows, the tongue
Class peat has higher water absorption rate, and lasting moisture can be provided for vegetables, therefore, because moss peat itself is with very high
Water imbibition need not add vermiculite or perlite to improve the porosity of host matrix when as bulk media.And it is other
Class peat, such as draft class peat, mostly rot to be formed by nutgrass flatsedge and reed, since nutgrass flatsedge and reed are all higher etc. vascular bundles
Plant, once dead, vascular bundle just loses water absorbing capacity, and ventilatory capacity is just substantially reduced, and therefore, is using medium based on it
When, it needs that vermiculite or perlite is coordinated to be used together, to improve porosity, but the overall weight of vegetables can be increased in this way, and
Even being used cooperatively with vermiculite or perlite, final effect is also far away from moss peat.Therefore, in the present invention, use
Matrix based on moss peat.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the grain size of the bulk media is 0.1~15mm.
In further preferred embodiment, the grain size of the bulk media is 0.1~10mm.
In embodiment still more preferably, the grain size of the bulk media is 0.1~6mm.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water absorption of the bulk media is 150~550%.
In further preferred embodiment, the water absorption of the bulk media is 200~500%.
In embodiment still more preferably, the water absorption of the bulk media is 200~400%.
Wherein, based on the water absorption water-holding capacity (water absorption) and bulk media weight of medium ratio, with percentage
Than meter.The water absorption of the bulk media is up to 1.5~5.5 times of own wt, in this way, not only can ensure that vegetable root system moisture
Supply, while fertilizer should not be also lost in, it is ensured that the growth of vegetables.
In the present invention, either in the cultivating process of the vegetables, the also later stage enters in consumer family post sales,
The next day of only needing (or even when dish leaf occurs listless), sprays water to the vegetables, can reach fine almost by moisture absorption
Moisture absorption effect, ensure the growth of vegetables.It, can be directly by the vegetables after vegetables grow up into consumption man
Be placed in disk, the next day directly toward pouring in disk without can be sprayed to vegetables, in this way, when lack of moisture in the vegetables
When, understand the moisture in absorption tray from bottom to top automatically, and this characteristic depends on the strong absorptive of bulk media.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic fertilizer includes feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural wastes and industry
Waste.
In further preferred embodiment, the agricultural wastes include stalk, corncob, dregs of beans and cotton dregs.
In embodiment still more preferably, the trade waste include vinasse, vinegar grain, manioc waste, sugar residue and
Furfural dregs.
Wherein, organic fertilizer contains abundant organic matter, and nutrition is comprehensive, it is important to the vegetables cultivated using organic fertilizer, it can be with
It trusts edible.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the organic fertilizer and matrix is (2~6)：15.
In further preferred embodiment, the weight of the organic fertilizer accounts for (3~5) of matrix total weight：15.
In embodiment still more preferably, the weight of the organic fertilizer accounts for (4~5) of matrix total weight：15.
Wherein, in the present invention, the dosage of organic fertilizer does not have to too many, because also using functional microorganism, institute in matrix
Organic utilization rate can be greatly improved by stating functional microorganism, therefore is added a small amount of organic fertilizer and can be provided a large amount of nutrient and supply
Vegetable growth uses.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the functional microorganism includes promoting nutrient to fix and discharging micro- life
Object and preventing disease and pest microorganism
Wherein, the present invention is using non-harmful organic fertilizer as nutrient, but the nutrients release of organic fertilizer is slow, because
This, using promoting, nutrient is fixed and releasing microbe, the promotion nutrient are fixed with releasing microbe for promoting in the present invention
Into the release of the available nutrient in organic fertilizer；The preventing disease and pest microorganism is for preventing pest and disease damage.
In further preferred embodiment, it is complex microorganism, tool that the promotion nutrient, which is fixed with releasing microbe,
Body includes nitrogen-fixing microorganism, phosphate solubilizing microorganism and silicate-dissolving microbe.
Wherein, the nitrogen-fixing microorganism is used to the nitrogen of free state in air being directly translated into nitrogenous compound, described
Phosphate solubilizing microorganism and silicate-dissolving microbe be respectively used to by organic fertilizer phosphorus and potassium be converted into titanium pigment and soluble potassium.At this
In invention, nutrient will be promoted to fix and be used in combination with releasing microbe with organic fertilizer, makes script needs 2 years or more year could
Discharging complete organic fertilizer can discharge completely at two months or so, to meet the needs of vegetables nutrient, while avoid complexity
Nutrient management, the later stage need not apply fertilizer, on the one hand realize vegetables from growing, on the other hand shorten the life of vegetables
Long period, the third aspect also save manually.Therefore, of the present invention to need from cultivating process to intermediate transportation process, or even
During edible, it is not necessarily in addition addition nutrient.
Therefore, in the present invention, when preparing matrix, it is added at one time organic fertilizer and functional microorganism, in the micro- life of function
Under the action of object, the nutrient in organic fertilizer can fully discharge, and nutrient is provided for late growth, and therefore, the either later stage cultivates
Still it is not necessarily to add fertilizer in growing up into consumer family；On the other hand, vegetables are inherently reduced using soilless culture
Pest and disease damage in cultivation, and functional microorganism can further pre- preventing disease and pest, therefore, when cultivating in the later stage, almost it goes without doing
The preventing and controlling of any pest and disease damage, thus, after preparing matrix, in the later stage of vegetables cultivates or grows up into consumer family
Afterwards, fertilizer need not be added again or does deinsectization work, and vegetables can also be realized from growth.
It is described that nutrient is promoted to fix the weight with releasing microbe and matrix according to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention
Than for (1~4)：1000.
In further preferred embodiment, the promotion nutrient is fixed and the weight ratio of releasing microbe and matrix is
(1~3)：1000.
Nutrient is promoted to fix the weight ratio with releasing microbe and matrix described in embodiment still more preferably
For (1~2)：1000.
Wherein, for every plant of vegetables, promote nutrient to fix and seldom can reach good support with the dosage of releasing microbe
Divide facilitation.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in promoting nutrient to fix and releasing microbe, nitrogen-fixing microorganism,
The weight ratio of phosphate solubilizing microorganism and silicate-dissolving microbe is (3~5)：(1~3)：(3~5).
In further preferred embodiment, nutrient is being promoted to fix with releasing microbe, nitrogen-fixing microorganism, phosphorus decomposing are micro-
The weight ratio of biology and silicate-dissolving microbe is (3.5~4.5)：(1.5~2.5)：(3.5~4.5).
In embodiment still more preferably, in promoting nutrient to fix and releasing microbe, nitrogen-fixing microorganism, phosphorus decomposing
The weight ratio of microorganism and silicate-dissolving microbe is 4：2：4.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nitrogen-fixing microorganism is selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter), visits
Leaf woods kirschner bacterium (Beijerinckia), fixed nitrogen monad (Azomonas), fixed nitrogen coccus (Azococcus), De Kesi Salmonellas
(Derxia), mycobacterium flavum (Mycobacterium flavum), production fat spirillum (Spirillum lipoferum), oxygen
Change ferrous Thiobacillus (Thiobacillus ferroxidans), beads indigo plant bacterium (Nostoc), fish raw meat indigo plant bacterium (Anabaena),
Color bacterium (Chromatium), green pseudomonad (Ch loropseudomonas), bar bacterium (Corymebacterium), fixed nitrogen
Spirillum (Azospirillum), red spirillum (Rhodospirillum), red pseudomonas (Rhodopseudomonas) and nitrogen list
One or more of spore bacterium.
In further preferred embodiment, the nitrogen-fixing microorganism is selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter) and/or nitrogen
Sporangium.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the phosphate solubilizing microorganism is selected from bacillus subtilis (Bacillus
Subtilis), rhizopus (Rhizopus), streptomycete (Streptomvces), pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), colloid bud
Spore bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosus), Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans) and Flavobacterium
One or more of (Flavobacterium).
In further preferred embodiment, the phosphate solubilizing microorganism is selected from streptomycete (Streptomvces), ring-type
One or more of bacillus (Bacillus circulans) and Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium).
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the silicate-dissolving microbe is selected from bacillus subtilis (Bacillus
Subtilis), silicate bacteria (Silicate bacteria), colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus)
One or more of with Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans).
In further preferred embodiment, the silicate-dissolving microbe is selected from silicate bacteria (Silicate
) and/or Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans) bacteria.
In embodiment still more preferably, the silicate-dissolving microbe is silicate bacteria (Silicate
bacteria)。
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preventing disease and pest microorganism is selected from Dipel
(Bacillus thuringiensis), trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum), bacillus subtilis
(Bacillus subtilis) and pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), aphid are mould (Entomophthora aphidis Hoffm)
One or more of.
Wherein, the Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans) had not only had the function of phosphorus decomposing but also had had potassium decomposing work(
Can, the bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) has both dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium and prevents the function of pest and disease damage, the vacation
Sporangium has the function of phosphorus decomposing and prevention pest and disease damage.In the present invention, silicate bacteria (Silicate bacteria) due to
Slightly solubility potassium can be dissolved out for crop utilization by the effect of its vital movement, and be referred to as B. mucilaginocus.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the weight ratio of the prevention pest and disease damage microorganism and matrix be (1~
4)：1000.
In further preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the prevention pest and disease damage microorganism and matrix is (1~3)：
1000。
In embodiment still more preferably, it is described prevention pest and disease damage microorganism and matrix weight ratio be (1~
2)：1000.
Wherein, in the present invention, it using medium based on peat, i.e., is therefore not present in matrix using soilless culture
Soil-borne disease insect pest, and the pest and disease damage of root system is mostly to be brought by soil, it is therefore, of the present invention compared to soil incubation
It is practically free of pest and disease damage in matrix, therefore, micro preventing disease and pest microorganism only need to be added, pest and disease damage is prevented.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of breeding method of spontaneous long organic vegetable, and the method includes following steps
Suddenly：
Step 1 mixes bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism, is placed in poroid container and shapes, forms matrix；
Step 2, to Medium Culture program request seed, be subsequently placed in open country, arched shed or greenhouse, preferably arched shed or greenhouse；
Step 3 is sprayed water using automatic spraying device, after growing 25~180 days, obtains the organic vegetable of spontaneous length
Dish.
Wherein, during entire cultivate, it is only necessary to shower water is carried out, it is anti-without artificially applying fertilizer and pest and disease damage
It controls, realizes semi-automatic cultivation.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the shape of the poroid container is according to the vegetables
Depending on root system, and preferably hole tray, for root system of different shapes, the shape of cavities is different in hole tray.
In further preferred embodiment, in step 1, for the system of fibrous root, cavities depth is reduced, cave is increased
Hole width；For the system of taproot, cavities depth is increased, reduces cavities width.
According in a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 2, the seed is that germination percentage and strong sprout rate exist
90% or more seed.
In further preferred embodiment, in step 2, the seed be germination percentage and strong sprout rate 95% with
On seed.
Wherein, select germination percentage and the higher seed of strong sprout rate that can ensure the survival rate of vegetables.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention insect prevention is provided in open country, arched shed or greenhouse in step 2
Net is safeguarded the growth of seed by fly net.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, control air humidity is 40~70%.
In further preferred embodiment, in step 3, control air humidity is 50~70%.
In embodiment still more preferably, in step 3, control air humidity is 60~70%.
Wherein, functional microorganism there are certain requirements air humidity tool, if air humidity less than 40%, the micro- life of function
Object can be dead.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 3, control growth temperature is 20~40 DEG C.
In further preferred embodiment, in step 3, control growth temperature is 25~35 DEG C.
In embodiment still more preferably, in step 3, control growth temperature is 25~30 DEG C.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, after growth 15~120 days, the root system of vegetables wraps up matrix.
In the present invention, the breeding method, without matrix is replaced, need not also be transplanted to field from seed to finished portion
Between, it can both provide enough moisture, nutrient is needed for vegetables.
Third aspect present invention provides a kind of picking method of the spontaneous long organic vegetable, and the method is ecto-entad
Picking, obtains edible dish leaf and stays intermediate lobus cardiacus 3-5 pieces.
In further preferred embodiment, by 5~10 days, intermediate lobus cardiacus grew into dish leaf, continued ecto-entad
Picking, stays intermediate lobus cardiacus 3-5 pieces.
In embodiment still more preferably, the vegetables can pick 5~10 batches, i.e., the described vegetables can grow
Obtain 5~12 jin of dish leaf/strains, preferably 6~10 jins/plant, more preferable 8 jin/plant.
Wherein, in this way, the vegetables in consumer from growing, can grow 5~10 batches, consumer is made at any time all may be used
To have organic vegetable.Also, the vegetables need not apply fertilizer in consumer family, deinsectization, it is only necessary to the next day spray water, side
Just it manages, it is important to which ultimate output is high, and one plant of vegetables can obtain 5~12 jin of dish leaf.The cost of vegetables of the present invention is again
It is relatively low, therefore the cost performance of the vegetables is very high.
In the prior art, the major limitation for selling vegetables is the freshness of vegetables, generally in order to keep vegetables
It is fresh and need to refrigerate vegetables in sales process, even with antistaling agent, moreover, in many cases, with shelf
The extension of phase can not prevent vegetables from losing fresh or even rotten even with antistaling agent.
And in the present invention, the vegetables are before entering consumer's family and after carrying out consumer's family, equal nothing
Must cold chain storage and transportation, do not use antistaling agent, still be able to it is fresh-keeping, it is light-exposed still to keep growing during sales counter is stored, extend goods
The frame phase ensures the freshness for the vegetables that consumer eats.
Advantageous effect possessed by the present invention：
(1) spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention does not need flowerpot, light-weight, effectively reduces the fortune in sales process
Defeated cost；
(2) spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention uses soilless substrate, avoids the danger of native transmissibility pest and disease damage；
(3) spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention ensure that edible safety without containing chemical compositions such as chemical fertilizer, pesticides
Property；
(4) spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention has from growth ability, after one batch edible, can also give birth to automatically
It is long, until it is 5~10 batches edible, and final yield can reach 6~12 jins/plant；
(5) the organic Vegetables cost of spontaneous length of the present invention is low, almost 5~9 yuan/plant, and its yield up to 6~12 jin/
Strain illustrates that it, with good cost performance, sharp contrast is formed with commercially available high price organic vegetable；
(6) since spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention is from growth, consumer almost can now pluck and now eat, ensure
The freshness of edible vegetable；
(7) spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention need not apply fertilizer, deinsectization etc., only from when growing in consumer family
The next day of needing, sprays water；
(8) breeding method of spontaneous long organic vegetable of the present invention is simple, without fertilising, is not necessarily to artificial control's pest and disease damage
Equal complex technologies and cost of labor, only need automatic spray, realize semi-automatic cultivation.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below by way of specific embodiment.But these embodiments are only exemplary, not
Any restrictions are constituted to protection scope of the present invention.
In embodiment, the peat is Denmark PINDSTRUP (Pin Shi Tops) peat.
The cultivation of the spontaneous long organic oil dish of embodiment 1
By peat 25g, fully the cow dung 12g, nitrogen-fixing bacteria 28mg, streptomycete 14mg, silicate bacteria 28mg after fermentation；Soviet Union
Cloud gold bacillus 30mg and the mould 10mg mixing of trichoderma harzianum 30mg, aphid, are placed in the poroid containers of 7cm*7cm*6cm and shape, formed
Matrix；
Program request germination percentage, strong sprout rate all 95% or more rape seed, be put into fly net maintenance greenhouse in；
It is sprayed water using automatic spraying device, and it is 60% to control air humidity, temperature is 25~30 DEG C, is carried out automatic
Change management, without artificially applying fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；After 25 days, root system wraps up matrix, and after 35 days, it is organic to obtain the spontaneous length
Rape.
Can directly by spontaneous long organic oil dish (rape band root system the wraps up matrix) integrated marketing, without cold chain storage and transportation and
Antistaling agent sprays.
After consumer buys family, sustainable cultivation persistently supplies nutrient by organic fertilizer in matrix and functional microorganism,
By biocontrol microorganisms disease and pest control, the organic quality of vegetables is kept, moisture is carried out the next day consumer needs and is sprayed；When picking, by extroversion
It inside skims to eat, on every Mondays stubble, sustainable 7 batches.
The cultivation of the spontaneous long organic oil wheat dish of embodiment 2
By peat 15g, fully cow dung 6g, nitrogen-fixing bacteria 16mg, Flavobacterium 8mg, the silicate bacteria 16mg after fermentation, Soviet Union
Cloud gold bacillus 20mg and the mould 10mg mixing of trichoderma harzianum 20mg, aphid, are placed in the poroid containers of 6cm*6cm*4cm and shape, formed
Matrix；
Program request germination percentage, strong sprout rate all 95% or more Lettuce seed, be put into fly net maintenance arched shed in；
It is sprayed water using automatic spraying device, and it is 50% to control air humidity, temperature is 25~30 DEG C, is carried out automatic
Change management, without artificially applying fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；After 25 days, root system wraps up matrix, and after 40 days, it is organic to obtain the spontaneous length
Vegetables.
It can be stored up without cold chain directly by spontaneous long organic oil wheat dish (Lettuce band root system the wraps up matrix) integrated marketing
Fortune and antistaling agent spray.
After consumer buys family, sustainable cultivation persistently supplies nutrient by organic fertilizer in matrix and functional microorganism,
By biocontrol microorganisms disease and pest control, the organic quality of vegetables is kept, moisture is carried out the next day consumer needs and is sprayed；When picking, by extroversion
It inside skims to eat, on every Mondays stubble, ultimate output is up to 8 jin.
The cultivation of the spontaneous long organic Chinese chives of embodiment 3
By peat 40g, cow dung 18g, nitrogen sporangium 40mg, Bacillus circulans 30mg, the silicate fully after fermentation are thin
Bacterium 30mg, Dipel 50mg and the mould 10mg mixing of trichoderma harzianum 50mg, aphid, are placed in the poroid containers of 5cm*5cm*12cm
Sizing forms matrix；
Program request germination percentage, strong sprout rate all 95% or more Allium tuberasum.seeds, be put into fly net maintenance arched shed in；
It is sprayed water using automatic spraying device, and it is 65% to control air humidity, temperature is 25~30 DEG C, is carried out automatic
Change management, without artificially applying fertilizer and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control；After 120 days, root system wrap up matrix, after 150 days, obtain it is described it is spontaneous with
Machine leek.
It can be directly by spontaneous long organic Chinese chives (leek root system the wraps up matrix) integrated marketing, without cold chain storage and transportation and guarantor
Fresh dose sprays.
After consumer buys family, sustainable cultivation persistently supplies nutrient by organic fertilizer in matrix and functional microorganism,
By biocontrol microorganisms disease and pest control, the organic quality of vegetables is kept, moisture is carried out the next day consumer needs and is sprayed.
It is described the invention in detail above in association with detailed description and exemplary example, but these explanations are simultaneously
It is not considered as limiting the invention.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention,
Can be with various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements are made to the technical scheme of the invention and its embodiments, these each fall within the present invention
In the range of.Scope of protection of the present invention is subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of spontaneous long organic vegetable, which is characterized in that the vegetables include vegetables main body and are wrapped in vegetables body heel
Matrix, wherein the matrix includes bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism.
2. vegetables according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The weight of the matrix is 10~100g/ plants, preferably 20~100g/ plants, more preferably 40~100g/ plants；And/or
The bulk media is that peat further includes optionally coconut palm chaff, it is preferable that the peat is moss peat.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that
The grain size of the bulk media is 0.1~15mm, preferably 0.1~10mm, more preferably 0.1~6mm；And/or
The water absorption of the bulk media is 150~550%, preferably 200~500%, more preferably 200~400%.
4. the vegetables according to one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that
The organic fertilizer includes feces of livestock and poultry, agricultural wastes and trade waste；And/or
The weight ratio of the organic fertilizer and matrix is (2~6)：15, preferably (3~5)：15, more preferably (4~5)：15.
5. the vegetables according to one of Claims 1-4, which is characterized in that the functional microorganism includes promoting nutrient solid
Fixed and releasing microbe and preventing disease and pest microorganism,
Preferably：It is described to promote nutrient fixation and the weight ratio of releasing microbe and matrix for (1~4)：1000, preferably (1~
3)：1000, more preferably (1~2)：1000；
It is highly preferred that the weight ratio of the prevention pest and disease damage microorganism and matrix is (1~4)：1000, preferably (1~3)：
1000, more preferably (1~2)：1000.
6. the vegetables according to one of claim 1 to 5, which is characterized in that
It is complex microorganism that the promotion nutrient, which is fixed with releasing microbe, specifically include nitrogen-fixing microorganism, phosphate solubilizing microorganism and
Silicate-dissolving microbe, wherein
Nutrient is being promoted to fix with releasing microbe, the weight ratio of nitrogen-fixing microorganism, phosphate solubilizing microorganism and silicate-dissolving microbe is
(3~5)：(1~3)：(3~5), preferably (3.5~4.5)：(1.5~2.5)：(3.5~4.5), more preferably 4：2：4.
7. the vegetables according to one of claim 1 to 6, which is characterized in that
The nitrogen-fixing microorganism is selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter), Bai Yelin kirschner bacterium (Beijerinckia), fixed nitrogen unit cell
Bacterium (Azomonas), fixed nitrogen coccus (Azococcus), De Kesi Salmonellas (Derxia), mycobacterium flavum
(Mycobacterium flavum), production fat spirillum (Spirillum lipoferum), Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
(Thiobacillus ferroxidans), beads indigo plant bacterium (Nostoc), fish raw meat indigo plant bacterium (Anabaena), chomophoric bacterium
(Chromatium), green pseudomonad (Ch loropseudomonas), bar bacterium (Corymebacterium), azospirillum
(Azospirillum), red spirillum (Rhodospirillum), red pseudomonas (Rhodopseudomonas) and nitrogen sporangium
One or more of, it is preferably selected from nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter) and/or nitrogen sporangium；And/or
The phosphate solubilizing microorganism is selected from bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), rhizopus (Rhizopus), streptomycete
(Streptomvces), pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans) and Flavobacterium
Belong to one or more of (Flavobacterium), is preferably selected from streptomycete (Streptomvces), Bacillus circulans
One or more of (Bacillus circulans) and Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium)；And/or
The silicate-dissolving microbe is selected from bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), silicate bacteria (Silicate
Bacteria) and one or more of Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans), it is preferably selected from silicate bacteria
(Silicate bacteria) and/or Bacillus circulans (Bacillus circulans), more preferably silicate bacteria
(Silicate bacteria)；And/or
The preventing disease and pest microorganism is selected from Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis), trichoderma harzianum
(Trichoderma harzianum), bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), pseudomonas (Pseudomonas)
One or more of with aphid mould (Entomophthora aphidis Hoffm).
8. a kind of breeding method of claim 1 to the 7 spontaneous long organic vegetable, which is characterized in that the breeding method packet
Include following steps：
Step 1 mixes bulk media, organic fertilizer and functional microorganism, is placed in poroid container and shapes, forms matrix；
Step 2, to Medium Culture program request seed, be subsequently placed in open country, arched shed or greenhouse, preferably arched shed or greenhouse；
Step 3 is sprayed water using automatic spraying device, after growing 25~180 days, obtains the spontaneous long organic vegetable.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that,
In step 2, the seed is germination percentage and strong sprout rate in the seed of 90% or more (especially 95% or more)；With/
Or
In step 2, it is provided with fly net in open country, arched shed or greenhouse.
10. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that,
In step 3, control air humidity is 40~70%, preferably 50~70%, more preferably 60~70%；And/or
In step 3, control growth temperature is 20~40 DEG C, preferably 25~35 DEG C, more preferably 25~30 DEG C.
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| CN112655487A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-16 | 华南农业大学 | Seedling growing method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables |
| CN113875547A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-04 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Organic ecological Chinese chive culture medium |
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