CN112655487A - Seedling growing method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables - Google Patents
Seedling growing method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables, which comprises the following steps: taking peat and bran according to a volume ratio of (4-5): 1, and preparing a seedling culture substrate; filling the substrate in a seedling culture hole tray, and sowing planting seeds; spraying propiconazole diluent on the surface of the substrate in the plug after the seed grows to form cotyledon; and applying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer into the matrix when the matrix grows to the two-leaf one-heart period. The seedling roots cultivated and planted by the seedling cultivation method are easy to lump and free of lump scattering, hypocotyls grow robustly when plug seedlings are out of the nursery, the plug seedlings are not prone to lodging, blades become small and thick, shading does not occur between adjacent blades, and the seedling cultivation method is suitable for mechanized transplanting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables.
Background
The leaf vegetables are the vegetables with the largest daily consumption, have high production intensification degree and large multiple cropping index, and are the first vegetables in the cultivation scale. Two planting modes of leaf vegetables are generally adopted, one mode is direct sowing, and the other mode is seedling cultivation and then transplanting.
Direct seeding is a traditional planting mode that suffers from the following disadvantages: firstly, the planting mode not only wastes seeds, but also needs a large amount of labor force and aggravates the production cost because the direct seeding planting process still needs to carry out multiple thinning; secondly, due to the fact that seedlings in a direct seeding mode grow irregularly, product quality is unstable, and commodity rate is low; thirdly, the plants have long growth period in the field, long land occupation time and great threat to plant diseases and insect pests, so that the use of pesticides is increased, and the food safety cannot be guaranteed; fourthly, the growth period of the plants in the field is long, the production process is more easily affected by bad weather or natural disasters, and the production risk is increased; fifthly, the plants have long growth period in the field, long land occupation time and low land utilization rate, and meanwhile, the cultivation links of field operations such as fertilization, weeding and the like are increased, and the production cost is increased. It can be seen that this traditional planting pattern severely hampers the high-quality sustainable development of leaf vegetables.
The leaf vegetables have large cultivation density, large seedling demand per mu, large labor intensity in the transplanting process, low transplanting efficiency and high cost, for example, vegetables such as flowering cabbage, cabbage mustard and the like have about 25000 plants per mu of plant, and 3-4 workers are needed for 1 mu of land transplanted in 1 day, so that producers are reluctant to adopt the planting mode of transplanting seedlings, and still adopt the traditional planting mode of direct seeding with seeds.
Therefore, the production of the leafy vegetables by adopting an efficient mechanical transplanting planting mode is required by the dreams of the majority of producers. At present, the transplanting of leaf vegetables still mainly adopts manual transplanting, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low, the cost is high, the high-quality development requirement of the leaf vegetable industry is difficult to meet, the mechanical transplanting needs to be adopted to replace the manual transplanting, and the transplanting efficiency is improved. In a mechanized transplanting production mode, hole tray intensive seedling raising is firstly carried out, however, due to the factors that the seedling type of leaf vegetable seedlings is small, the stems and leaves of overground parts are weak, the seedling uprightness is poor, and the root systems are not developed, the hole distance of a conventional leaf vegetable seedling raising hole tray (105 holes or 128 holes) is small, the seedling raising density is large, seedlings are mutually shielded and the like, in the seedling grabbing process of a manipulator of a transplanter, the leaves are easy to stab, the seedlings are easy to break, the root system matrix is easy to disperse and lump, and the like, the damage rate of the seedlings in the transplanting process is high, and the application of mechanized transplanting in the leaf vegetable industrialization is severely limited. Therefore, high-quality seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting are cultivated, and the requirement of mechanized high-efficiency transplanting of the leaf vegetables can be met only by realizing high integration of agricultural and mechanical technology.
80% of seedlings in foreign nursery sites belong to leafy vegetables. In China, although more than 1500 enterprises and cooperative societies are engaged in vegetable large-scale seedling culture at present, the total quantity of vegetable intensive seedling culture in the whole year reaches about 3000 hundred million plants, most of commercialized seedling types mainly comprise self-rooted seedlings and grafted seedlings of long-seedling-age and low-cultivation-density melons and solanaceous vegetables, and the commercialized leaf vegetable seedlings are few. For a long time, technical systems such as the type and specification of a leaf vegetable seedling culture container, a seedling culture substrate formula, a seedling management method, a seedling outplanting standard and the like do not have strict and uniform standards, the local difference is large, the quality standardization is low, and the requirement of industrial development of leaf vegetables is difficult to meet. Therefore, a standardized leaf vegetable seedling raising technical system needs to be established from key seedling raising links such as a seedling raising tray, a seedling raising substrate and seedling raising technical management, and particularly seedlings with roots which are difficult to scatter, overground parts with thick stems, short hypocotyls and upright seedlings are cultured so as to meet the quality requirement of mechanized transplanting on the leaf vegetable seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defect that the seedling culture method of leaf vegetables in the prior art is difficult to meet the quality requirement of mechanized transplanting, and provides the seedling culture method suitable for mechanized transplanting of the leaf vegetables.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables comprises the following steps:
preparing a matrix: taking peat and bran according to a volume ratio of (4-5): 1, and preparing a seedling culture substrate;
sowing and planting: filling the substrate in a seedling culture hole tray, and sowing planting seeds;
spraying propiconazole diluent: spraying propiconazole diluent on the surface of the substrate in the plug after the seed grows to form cotyledon;
spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer: and applying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer into the matrix when the matrix grows to the two-leaf one-heart period.
Further, the volume ratio of the peat to the bran is 5: 1.
furthermore, the plug comprises a plug body, 70-75 plug holes uniformly distributed according to a matrix are arranged on the plug body, the plug holes are of a structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the volume of each plug hole is 10-14 cc, the upper ends of the plug holes are open, the lower ends of the plug holes are provided with water outlet holes, the distance between the centers of two adjacent plug holes is 40-45 mm, and at least one reinforcing rib is arranged between the plug holes.
Furthermore, the diameter of the upper opening of each hole disk is 25mm-30mm, the diameter of the lower opening of each hole disk is 11mm-12mm, and the depth of each hole disk is 28mm-32 mm.
Furthermore, the diameter of the water outlet hole is 4.5mm-5.3 mm.
Furthermore, the number of the hole disk holes is 72, the hole disk holes are distributed in a 6 x 12 matrix, six rows of hole disk holes are arranged in the width direction of the hole disk body, and 12 hole disk holes are arranged in each row in the length direction of the hole disk body.
Furthermore, two reinforcing ribs are arranged between the hole plates, and the two reinforcing ribs are arranged in parallel or in a crossed manner to form an X-shaped reinforcing rib.
Further, the trace element water-soluble fertilizer comprises 10mg/kg of potassium indolebutyrate, and more than or equal to 20g/L of Cu element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element and B element, wherein the application amount of the trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 500ml per hole tray and is diluted by 1000 times of water.
Further, the propiconazole diluent is prepared by using 5000 times of clear water diluent as a propiconazole stock solution with 20% of the content of active ingredients, and the spraying amount of the propiconazole diluent is 100ml per hole tray.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the seedling roots cultivated and planted by the seedling cultivation method are easy to lump and free of lump scattering, hypocotyls grow robustly when plug seedlings are out of the nursery, the plug seedlings are not prone to lodging, blades become small and thick, shading does not occur between adjacent blades, and the seedling cultivation method is suitable for mechanized transplanting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a well plate of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a tray of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of the disc holes in the disc of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a two-leaf one-heart phase image of a cabbage seedling of a control group treated with clear water in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a two-leaf one-heart phase image of a cabbage seedling treated with a propiconazole dilution in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an image of the 4-5 leaf stage of cabbage seedlings from the control group treated with clear water in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an image of 4-5 leaf stage of cabbage seedlings treated with propiconazole dilution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
1. a plug body; 2. an acupuncture plate hole; 3. a water outlet hole; 4. and (5) reinforcing ribs.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive step are within the scope of the present invention.
A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables comprises the following steps:
preparing a matrix: taking peat and bran according to a volume ratio of (4-5): 1, and preparing a seedling culture substrate;
sowing and planting: filling the substrate in a seedling culture hole tray, and sowing planting seeds;
spraying propiconazole diluent: spraying propiconazole diluent on the surface of the substrate in the plug after the seed grows to form cotyledon;
spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer: and applying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer into the matrix when the matrix grows to the two-leaf one-heart period.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the peat and bran are mixed in a volume ratio of 5: 1.
referring to fig. 1 to 3, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plug includes a plug body 1, the plug body 1 is provided with 70 to 75 plug holes 2 uniformly distributed in a matrix, the plug holes 2 have a structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the volume of the plug holes 2 is 10cc to 14cc, the upper ends of the plug holes 2 are open, the lower ends of the plug holes are provided with water outlet holes 3, the distance between the centers of two adjacent plug holes 2 is 40mm to 45mm, and at least one reinforcing rib 4 is provided between the plug holes 2. Furthermore, the diameter of the upper opening of each hole disk 2 is 25mm-30mm, the diameter of the lower opening is 11mm-12mm, and the depth of each hole disk 2 is 28mm-32 mm. The diameter of the water outlet hole 3 is 4.5mm-5.3 mm. The number of the plug holes 3 is 72, the plug holes are distributed in a 6 x 12 matrix, six rows of plug holes 3 are arranged in the width direction of the plug body 1, and 12 plug holes 3 are arranged in each row in the length direction of the plug body 1. Two reinforcing ribs 4 are arranged between the cave disk holes 3, and the two reinforcing ribs 4 are arranged in parallel or in a crossed manner to form X-shaped reinforcing ribs.
As a better embodiment of the invention, the microelement water-soluble fertilizer comprises 10mg/kg of potassium indolebutyrate and more than or equal to 20g/L of Cu element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element and B element, and the application amount of the microelement water-soluble fertilizer is 500ml per hole tray and is diluted by 1000 times of water.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the propiconazole diluent is prepared by diluting a propiconazole stock solution with 20% of active ingredient content with 5000 times of clear water, and the spraying amount of the propiconazole diluent is 100ml per plug tray.
Example 1
The existing seedling raising hole trays generally adopt hole trays with three specifications of 128 holes, 105 holes or 72 holes for raising seedlings, but the seedling raising density of the seedling raising hole trays with 128 holes and 105 holes is large due to small space between the seedling raising hole trays, and seedling blades or plants are easily damaged during mechanical transplanting and seedling taking due to mutual shielding of seedlings after seedling forming, so that the seedling taking quality is poor and the efficiency is low; the seedling raising plug tray with 72 holes is adopted for raising the seedlings, although the hole spacing of the plug tray is large, the seedling raising holes are large in size, the leaf vegetable seedlings are short in growing period and not developed in root systems, and the root systems are difficult to grow to fill the seedling raising substrates in the seedling raising holes during seedling raising, so that loose substrates, loose lumps, root injury and the like occur during seedling raising due to the fact that the root systems and the substrates are not well tightly combined when the seedlings are picked in mechanized transplanting, and the seedling quality and the survival rate are seriously influenced.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a special plug design is adopted, the plug holes of the plug are 72 holes, and compared with the existing universal plug plates with 72 holes, universal plug plates with 105 holes and universal plug plates with 128 holes, the planting and seedling raising are performed. The specially designed plug of the embodiment has 72 plug holes, the plug holes 2 are of a structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the volume of the plug holes 2 is 10cc-14cc, the upper ends of the plug holes 2 are open, the lower ends of the plug holes are provided with water outlet holes 3, the hole center distance between two adjacent plug holes 2 is 40mm-45mm, and at least one reinforcing rib 4 is arranged between the plug holes 2. Furthermore, the diameter of the upper opening of each hole disk 2 is 25mm-30mm, the diameter of the lower opening is 11mm-12mm, and the depth of each hole disk 2 is 28mm-32 mm. The diameter of the water outlet hole 3 is 4.5mm-5.3 mm.
In this embodiment, the invention specifically designs the dimensions of the plug as follows: the volume of the hole disc holes 2 is 12cc, the diameter of the upper opening of each hole disc hole 2 is 28mm, the diameter of the lower opening of each hole disc hole 2 is 11.5mm, the depth of each hole disc hole 2 is 30mm, the distance between the centers of the two adjacent hole disc holes 2 is 42mm, and the water outlet hole 3 at the bottom of each hole disc hole 2 is 4.8 mm.
The standard 128-hole plug of the prior art is 54cm long and 28cm wide, and the 128 holes are arranged in a matrix of 8 x 16. The upper aperture of the hole plate is 28mm, the lower aperture is 12.5mm, the distance between the hole plates is 31.5mm, the height is 46mm, and the diameter of the water outlet hole at the bottom of the hole plate is 6.8 mm.
A standard 72-well plate of the prior art, 54cm long by 28cm wide, with 72 wells in a 6 x 12 matrix arrangement. The diameter of the upper opening of the hole plate is 40mm, the diameter of the lower opening of the hole plate is 15mm, the height of the hole plate is 40mm, and the diameter of the water outlet hole at the bottom of the hole plate is 4.8 mm.
A standard 105 well plate of the prior art, 54cm long by 28cm wide, 105 wells are arranged in a 7 x 15 matrix. The upper aperture of the hole disk is 33mm, the lower aperture is 15mm, the height is 34mm, and the diameter of the water outlet hole at the bottom of the hole disk is 6.8 mm.
(1) Seedling growing and testing: taking leaf vegetable heart with weak root growth potential as a test material;
(2) the matrix formula is as follows: the seedling raising test is carried out by adopting the 72-hole tray designed by the invention, the seedling raising substrate formulas are different, the growth condition of the root system is recorded, and the result is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 growth of cabbage heart 72-hole plug seedlings with different substrate formulas
In the table, the strong seedling index (stem thickness/plant height) x the dry weight of the whole plant
(3) Comparing commonly used root promoting products of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and trace element water-soluble fertilizer in production, taking leaf vegetable heart with weak root growth potential as a test material, and taking peat as a substrate formula: the coconut chaff is 5:1, the specification of the plug is the existing standard 128-hole plug, the root promoting effect of the seedling is compared, and the result is shown in the following table 2.
TABLE 2 growth of 128-hole seedling in cabbage center by different root-promoting formula products
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements has the best effect of promoting the roots without lumping of the roots.
(4) The plug trays with different specifications are adopted to carry out seedling raising on the flowering cabbage, and the seedling raising conditions are compared, and the results are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of different specifications of plug trays on the growth of cabbage seedlings
TABLE 3
(5) The leaf vegetable heart with weak root growth potential is taken as a test material, and the 72-hole tray designed by the invention is adopted for seedling culture. The formula of the matrix is peat: and 5:1 of coconut coir. Spraying 100 ml/disc of propiconazole diluent to the surface of the substrate 48 hours after sowing, wherein the propiconazole diluent is prepared by using 5000 times of clear water diluent for propiconazole stock solution with 20 percent of active ingredient content. And using clear water sprayed on the surface of the substrate at a rate of 100 ml/disc at 48h after sowing as a control group, and comparing the conditions of the plug seedlings when the plug seedlings are out of nursery, the results are shown in table 4 and attached fig. 4 to 7.
TABLE 420% propiconazole 5000 times solution for treating growth of flowering cabbage
As can be seen from table 4 by comparing fig. 4 to fig. 7, the hypocotyls after propiconazole treatment grow robustly, are not easy to fall down, the leaves become small and thick, and the adjacent leaves are not shaded, so that the mechanical transplanting is suitable.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to the embodiment and the disclosure of the drawings, and therefore, all equivalent or modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a matrix: taking peat and bran according to a volume ratio of (4-5): 1, and preparing a seedling culture substrate;
sowing and planting: filling the substrate in a seedling culture hole tray, and sowing planting seeds;
spraying propiconazole diluent: spraying propiconazole diluent on the surface of the substrate in the plug after the seed grows to form cotyledon;
spraying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer: and applying a trace element water-soluble fertilizer into the matrix when the matrix grows to the two-leaf one-heart period.
2. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the peat and bran are mixed in a volume ratio of 5: 1.
3. a seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the plug comprises a plug body, the plug body is provided with 70 to 75 plug holes uniformly distributed in a matrix, the plug holes are wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, the volume of the plug holes is 10cc to 14cc, the upper ends of the plug holes are open, the lower ends of the plug holes are provided with water outlet holes, the hole center distance between two adjacent plug holes is 40mm to 45mm, and at least one reinforcing rib is arranged between the plug holes.
4. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 3, wherein the diameter of the upper opening of the hole tray is 25mm to 30mm, the diameter of the lower opening is 11mm to 12mm, and the depth of each hole of the hole tray is 28mm to 32 mm.
5. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 3, wherein the diameter of the water outlet hole is 4.5mm to 5.3 mm.
6. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 3, wherein the number of the plug holes is 72, the plug holes are distributed in a matrix, six rows of plug holes are provided in the width direction of the plug body, and 12 plug holes are provided in each row in the length direction of the plug body.
7. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 3, wherein two reinforcing ribs are provided between the hole plates, and the two reinforcing ribs are provided in parallel or in a cross arrangement to form an X-shaped reinforcing rib.
8. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the water soluble fertilizer containing trace elements comprises 10mg/kg of potassium indolebutyrate, more than or equal to 20g/L of Cu element, Fe element, Mn element, Zn element and B element, and the application amount of the water soluble fertilizer containing trace elements is 500ml per hole tray and is diluted by 1000 times of water.
9. A seedling raising method suitable for mechanized transplanting of leaf vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the propiconazole diluent is obtained by using 5000 times of clear water diluent for a propiconazole stock solution with 20% of the content of active ingredients, and the spraying amount of the propiconazole diluent is 100ml per hole tray.
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