CN108707300A - 一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108707300A
CN108707300A CN201810533863.3A CN201810533863A CN108707300A CN 108707300 A CN108707300 A CN 108707300A CN 201810533863 A CN201810533863 A CN 201810533863A CN 108707300 A CN108707300 A CN 108707300A
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岑哲
李贵海
李张
张振喜
罗晓瑞
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Ningbo Zhongyi New Energy Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明提供的一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜及其制备方法,其从外向内由外层保护层、PET中间层以及内层组成,所述内层和所述外层保护层通过胶黏剂分别粘合于所述中间层的两侧表面,其中,所述外层保护层厚度为40‑60μm,其原料组分按重量份计为60‑80份聚偏氟乙烯树脂、5‑15份PET粒子、2‑15份改性填料。从而增强耐老化性和力学性能,同时与EVA层的粘结性好,提高附着力,延长使用寿命。

Description

一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏材料技术领域,具体地说,是一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能电池板背膜,是太阳能电池组件封装材料之一,其主要性能是封装晶体硅,除必须具备优良的电绝缘性能、耐候性能和阻隔性能外,还须具备防氧化、抗潮湿、较好的耐水解性和较低的雾度等特点。
在申请号CN201010561105.6的发明专利中介绍了一种高效能太阳能电池背膜,其由改性高分子量高密度聚乙烯膜与改性PET膜二层材料复合而成,其具有抗高低温、耐水蒸汽及各种腐蚀性气液体的侵蚀、不脱层、不龟裂以及保证多年稳定使用的特点,然而改性的PE膜和PET膜并不具有良好的耐候性,从而大大降低太阳能电池板的使用寿命。在申请号CN200810062077.6的发明专利中介绍了一种太阳能电池板背膜,该背膜包括PET薄膜基体,所述基体两面涂覆有含氟聚合物涂层,其中一面含氟聚合物涂层上涂覆有粘合剂层,从而提高了耐老化、耐气候、绝缘和抗水蒸气渗透性能,但是涂布工艺中涂布层附着力低、易出现沙孔、阻湿效果差等质量问题,产品的档次较低,未能应用于高档的晶硅太阳能电池组件。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜及其制备方法,针对现有技术的不足,增强耐老化性和力学性能,同时与EVA层的粘结性好,提高附着力,延长使用寿命。
为达到以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜从外向内由外层保护层、PET中间层以及内层组成,所述内层和所述外层保护层通过胶黏剂分别粘合于所述中间层的两侧表面,其中,所述外层保护层厚度为40-60μm,其原料组分按重量份计为60-80份聚偏氟乙烯树脂(PVDF树脂)、5-15份PET粒子、2-15份改性填料。
优选地,所述改性填料主要由二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散剂、二乙烯基苯以及引发剂制备而成,其中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入量占二乙烯基苯总质量0.5%-1%,二乙烯基苯的加入量占纳米二氧化钛质量的30%-60%。
优选地,所述PET中间层的厚度为100-350μm。
优选地,所述内层厚度为40-60μm,其原料组分按重量份计为60-80份PVDF树脂、5-15份PET粒子、5-20份PMMA树脂以及5-20份功能填料。
优选地,所述功能填料主要由单壁碳纳米管、硅烷偶联剂、引发剂以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)制备而成。
优选地,所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯胶、丙烯酸酯胶和环氧树脂胶中的一种或两种以上的混合。
一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜的制备方法,包括步骤:
S100在外层保护层与PET中间层分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合而得第一基膜;
S200在内层与PET中间层之间涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合得到高性能太阳能电池板背膜。
根据本发明的一实施例,在所述步骤S100的外层保护层的制备包括步骤:
S110将PET粒子放在烘箱中于90-105℃下烘2-6h;
S120将PVDF、已烘干的PET粒子和改性填料放入高速混合机内,在500-2000r/min条件下混合2-15min;
S130将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,再用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度一区120-150℃,二区140-180℃,三区150-200℃,四区180-220℃,口模180-220℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度一区130-160℃,二区150-180℃,三区170-210℃,四区200-230℃,口模170-200℃。
根据本发明的一实施例,在步骤S120的改性填料的制备包括步骤:
S121将纳米二氧化钛、去离子水混合配制成质量分数为6-10%的水悬浮液后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散剂,在1500-2000r/min条件下搅拌分散40-80min;
S122将悬浮液在450-750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至78-82℃后稳定8-12min后加入引发剂过硫酸钾;
S123滴加二乙烯基苯,反应12-24h后停止反应;
S124将反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于70-90℃条件下干燥18-30h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用,其中,所述步骤S121至S124中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
根据本发明的一实施例,在所述步骤S200的内层制备包括步骤:
S210将PET粒子和PMMA树脂放在烘箱中于90-105℃下烘2-6h;
S220将PVDF、烘干的PET粒子、PMMA树脂和功能填料放入高速混合机内,在500-2000r/min条件下混合2-15min;
S230将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,再用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度一区120-150℃,二区140-180℃,三区150-200℃,四区180-220℃,口模180-220℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度一区130-160℃,二区150-180℃,三区170-210℃,四区200-230℃,口模170-200℃。
根据本发明的一实施例,在所述步骤S220中的功能填料制备包括步骤:
S221将单壁碳纳米管、乙醇和水超声混合配制成质量分数为10-25%的悬浮液后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-570,其中,KH-570加入量占单壁碳纳米管质量的30-80%,乙醇和水的质量比为8-10:1;
S222将悬浮液在常温450-750r/min条件下搅拌8-24h,反应结束后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于60-80℃条件下干燥6-24h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管;
S223将硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管、水混合配制成质量分数为8-15%的悬浮液在800-2000r/min条件下搅拌分散10-60min;
S224将悬浮液在450-750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至78-82℃后稳定8-12min后加入引发剂;
S225向悬浮液中滴加甲基丙烯酸甲酯,反应12-24h后停止反应;
S226将反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于70-90℃条件下干燥18-30h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用,其中,所述步骤S221至S226中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
优选地,所述PET中间层厚度为100-350μm。
本发明同现有技术相比,具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明的高性能太阳能电池板背膜外层保护层、PET中间层以及内层制备而成,其制备工艺简单、易操作,适合于工业化生产;
(2)与PVF相比,PVDF在分子结构上多一个氟原子,其含氟量为59%远大于PVF的41%,因此,PVDF膜比现用的PVF膜具有更致密、更好阻隔性和耐候性的优势;
(3)外层保护层中PET粒子与PVDF熔融共混,改善了PVDF层与PET中间层的适配性,改性填料为二氧化钛/聚二乙烯基苯复合微粒,聚二乙烯基苯其骨架为互穿网络型,其粗糙的微纳米表面、独特的介孔结构和单一的有机骨架使其具有较好的疏水特性,从而使外层保护层具有良好的自清洁效果;
(4)内层中的PMMA树脂、PET粒子与PVDF熔融共混,改善了PVDF的可加工性,提高了内层与太阳能电池板EVA膜层之间的粘结性能,功能填料中PMMA对单壁碳纳米管的包覆,有效地改善了纳米材料的分散性,增强了单壁碳纳米管与PVDF基体间的相容性,改善了界面结合强度,协同外层保护层进一步提高了该高性能太阳能电池板背膜的散热性、耐老化性以及内层与EVA膜层之间的粘结性能;
(5)改性填料原料中的纳米二氧化钛在悬浮液中均匀分散,引发剂在热作用下分解生成自由基,溶在水中的单体分子(二乙烯基苯)被引发聚合形成一端带有亲水基团的自由基活性链,纳米粒子表面带正电,易与带负电的自由基活性链结合,有利于剩余单体在二氧化钛表面聚合包覆从而形成纳米二氧化钛/聚二乙烯基苯复合微粒;
(6)功能填料原料中羟基功能化的单壁碳纳米管经硅烷偶联剂KH-570在修饰后,表面含有乙烯基官能团,有利于与MMA单体异相成核,从而形成单壁碳纳米管/PMMA复合微粒,单壁碳纳米管比表面积大、导热系数高,在内层均匀分散后形成有效地导热通路,因而内层具有良好的散热性能,同时单壁碳纳米管经PMMA修饰后,提高了与基体的相容性,进一步提升了散热性能,良好地保护了背板器件。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
实施例1
高性能太阳能电池板背膜由40μm外层保护层、350μm PET中间层以及40μm内层组成,具体方法为:在外层保护层与PET中间层分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合而得基膜,接着在内层与PET中间层另一面分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合得到高性能太阳能电池板背膜。
外层保护层由60份PVDF树脂、5份PET粒子和2份改性填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备,具体制备方法如下:
(1)将PET粒子放在烘箱中于90℃下烘6h;
(2)将PVDF、上述已烘干的PET粒子和改性填料放入高速混合机内,在500r/min条件下混合15min;
(3)将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,而后再利用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜即可,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度1区120℃,2区140℃,3区150℃,4区180℃,口模180℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度1区130℃,2区150℃,3区170℃,4区200℃,口模200℃。
外层中改性填料的制备方法为:
(1)将纳米二氧化钛、去离子水混合配制成质量分数为6%的水悬浮液后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散剂,在1500r/min条件下搅拌分散80min,其中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入量占二乙烯基苯总质量0.5%;
(2)将悬浮液在450r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至78℃后稳定8min后加入引发剂过硫酸钾;
(3)向步骤(2)所得的悬浮液中滴加二乙烯基苯,反应12h后停止反应,其中,二乙烯基苯的加入量占纳米二氧化钛质量的30%;
(4)将步骤(3)所得反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于70℃条件下干燥30h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用;
其中,上述步骤(1)至(4)中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
内层由60份PVDF树脂、5份PET粒子、5份PMMA树脂和5份功能填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备,具体制备方法如下:
(1)将PET粒子和PMMA树脂放在烘箱中于90℃下烘6h;
(2)将PVDF、上述已烘干的PET粒子、PMMA树脂和功能填料放入高速混合机内,在500r/min条件下混合15min;
(3)将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,而后再利用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜即可,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度1区120℃,2区140℃,3区150℃,4区180℃,口模180℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度1区130℃,2区150℃,3区170℃,4区200℃,口模200℃。
内层中功能填料的制备方法为:
(1)将纳米单壁碳纳米管、乙醇、水混合配制成质量分数为10%的悬浮液后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-570,其中,KH-570加入量占单壁碳纳米管质量的30%,乙醇和水的质量比为8:1;
(2)将悬浮液在常温450r/min条件下搅拌8h,反应结束后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于60℃条件下干燥6h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管;
(3)将硅烷偶联剂修饰的纳米单壁碳纳米管、水混合配制成质量分数为8%的悬浮液在800r/min条件下搅拌分散60min;
(4)将悬浮液在450r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至78℃后稳定12min后加入引发剂;
(5)向上述悬浮液中滴加MMA,反应24h后停止反应;
(6)将反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于70℃条件下干燥30h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用;
其中,所述步骤(1)至(6)中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
实施例2
高性能太阳能电池板背膜由60μm外层保护层、200μm PET中间层以及60μm内层组成,具体方法为:在外层保护层与PET中间层分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合而得基膜,接着在内层与PET中间层另一面分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合得到高性能太阳能电池板背膜。
外层保护层由60份PVDF树脂、10份PET粒子和10份改性填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备,具体制备方法如下:
(1)将PET粒子放在烘箱中于105℃下烘2h;
(2)将PVDF、上述已烘干的PET粒子和改性填料放入高速混合机内,在2000r/min条件下混合5min;
(3)将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,而后再利用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜即可,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度1区130℃,2区140℃,3区150℃,4区180℃,口模180℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度1区140℃,2区150℃,3区170℃,4区200℃,口模200℃。
外层中改性填料的制备方法为:
(1)将纳米二氧化钛、去离子水混合配制成质量分数为10%的水悬浮液后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散剂,在2000r/min条件下搅拌分散80min,其中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入量占二乙烯基苯总质量1%;
(2)将悬浮液在750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至82℃后稳定8min后加入引发剂过硫酸钾;
(3)向步骤(2)所得的悬浮液中滴加二乙烯基苯,反应24h后停止反应,其中,二乙烯基苯的加入量占纳米二氧化钛质量的60%;
(4)将步骤(3)所得反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于90℃条件下干燥18h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用。
上述步骤(1)至(4)中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
内层由60份PVDF树脂、10份PET粒子、10份PMMA树脂和10份功能填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备,具体制备方法如下:
(1)将PET粒子和PMMA树脂放在烘箱中于105℃下烘2h;
(2)将PVDF、上述已烘干的PET粒子、PMMA树脂和功能填料放入高速混合机内,在2000r/min条件下混合5min;
(3)将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,而后再利用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜即可,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度1区130℃,2区140℃,3区150℃,4区180℃,口模180℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度1区140℃,2区150℃,3区170℃,4区200℃,口模200℃。
内层中功能填料的制备方法为:
(1)将纳米单壁碳纳米管、乙醇、水混合配制成质量分数为25%的悬浮液后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-570,其中,KH-570加入量占单壁碳纳米管质量的30%,乙醇和水的质量比为8:1;
(2)将悬浮液在常温750r/min条件下搅拌8h,反应结束后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于60℃条件下干燥24h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管;
(3)将硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管、水混合配制成质量分数为15%的悬浮液在2000r/min条件下搅拌分散10min;
(4)将悬浮液在750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至78℃后稳定8min后加入引发剂;
(5)向上述悬浮液中滴加MMA,反应24h后停止反应;
(6)将反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于90℃条件下干燥18h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用;
上述步骤(1)至(6)中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
实施例3
高性能太阳能电池板背膜由60μm外层保护层、100μm PET中间层以及60μm内层组成,具体方法为:在外层保护层与PET中间层分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合而得基膜,接着在内层与PET中间层另一面分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合得到高性能太阳能电池板背膜。
外层保护层由80份PVDF树脂、15份PET粒子和15份改性填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备,具体制备方法如下:
(1)将PET粒子放在烘箱中于105℃下烘2h;
(2)将PVDF、上述已烘干的PET粒子和改性填料放入高速混合机内,在2000r/min条件下混合2min;
(3)将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,而后再利用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜即可,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度1区150℃,2区180℃,3区200℃,4区220℃,口模220℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度1区160℃,2区180℃,3区210℃,4区230℃,口模200℃。
外层中改性填料的制备方法为:
(1)将纳米二氧化钛、去离子水混合配制成质量分数为10%的水悬浮液后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散剂,在2000r/min条件下搅拌分散40min,其中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入量占二乙烯基苯总质量1%;
(2)将悬浮液在750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至82℃后稳定12min后加入引发剂过硫酸钾;
(3)向步骤(2)所得的悬浮液中滴加二乙烯基苯,反应24h后停止反应,其中,二乙烯基苯的加入量占纳米二氧化钛质量的60%;
(4)将步骤(3)所得反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于90℃条件下干燥18h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用;
上述步骤(1)至(4)中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
内层由80份PVDF树脂、15份PET粒子、20份PMMA树脂和20份功能填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备,具体制备方法如下:
(1)将PET粒子和PMMA树脂放在烘箱中于105℃下烘2h;
(2)将PVDF、上述已烘干的PET粒子、PMMA树脂和功能填料放入高速混合机内,在2000r/min条件下混合2min;
(3)将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,而后再利用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜即可,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度1区150℃,2区180℃,3区200℃,4区220℃,口模220℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度1区160℃,2区180℃,3区210℃,4区230℃,口模200℃。
内层中功能填料的制备方法为:
(1)将单壁碳纳米管、乙醇、水混合配制成质量分数为25%的悬浮液后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-570,其中,KH-570加入量占单壁碳纳米管质量的80%,乙醇和水的质量比为10:1;
(2)将悬浮液在常温750r/min条件下搅拌8h,反应结束后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于80℃条件下干燥6h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管;
(3)将硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管、水混合配制成质量分数为15%的悬浮液在2000r/min条件下搅拌分散10min;
(4)将悬浮液在750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至82℃后稳定8min后加入引发剂;
(5)向上述悬浮液中滴加MMA,反应12h后停止反应;
(6)将反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于90℃条件下干燥18h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用;
其中,上述步骤(1)至(6)中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
实施例4
太阳能电池板背膜的制备方法同实施例2,外层保护层仅由PVDF树脂采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备而成,内层仅由PVDF树脂采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备。
实施例5
太阳能电池板背膜的制备方法同实施例2,外层保护层仅由PVDF树脂和改性填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备而成,内层仅由PVDF树脂和功能填料采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备而成。
实施例6
太阳能电池板背膜的制备方法同实施例2,外层保护层仅由PVDF树脂和PET粒子采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备而成,内层仅由PVDF树脂、PET粒子和PMMA树脂采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备而成。
实施例7
高性能太阳能电池板背膜的制备方法同实施例2,外层保护层仅由PVDF树脂、PET粒子和纳米二氧化钛采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备而成,内层仅由PVDF树脂、PET粒子、PMMA树脂和单壁碳纳米管采用挤出吹塑成膜工艺制备而成。
其中,实施例1~7制备的太阳能电池板背膜的性能测试结果见表1所示。
高性能太阳能电池板背膜的力学性能的测试参照国家标准ASTM D822-2009;表面性能即接触角测试采用接触角测量仪测试;耐湿热老化性能的测试参照国家标准GB/T13448-2006测试,即双85以及1000h条件下,背膜是否脱层、起泡或者变色;紫外老化性能的测试参照国家标准GB/T 16422.3-2014测试,即荧光紫外灯2000h下,背膜是否脱层、黄变和脆裂;剥离性能即与EVA剥离强度的测试参照国家标准GB/T 2790-1995;散热性能由德国耐驰激光热导仪测试。
表1实施例1-7所制的高性能太阳能电池板背膜的主要性能指标
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (10)

1.一种高性能太阳能电池板背膜,其特征在于,从外向内由外层保护层、PET中间层以及内层组成,所述内层和所述外层保护层通过胶黏剂分别粘合于所述中间层的两侧表面,其中,所述外层保护层厚度为40-60μm,其原料组分按重量份计为60-80份聚偏氟乙烯树脂、5-15份PET粒子、2-15份改性填料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高性能太阳能电池板背膜,其特征在于,所述改性填料主要由二氧化钛、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散剂、二乙烯基苯以及引发剂制备而成,其中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入量占二乙烯基苯总质量0.5%-1%,二乙烯基苯的加入量占纳米二氧化钛质量的30%-60%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高性能太阳能电池板背膜,其特征在于,所述PET中间层的厚度为100-350μm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高性能太阳能电池板背膜,其特征在于,所述内层厚度为40-60μm,其原料组分按重量份计为60-80份PVDF树脂、5-15份PET粒子、5-20份PMMA树脂以及5-20份功能填料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高性能太阳能电池板背膜,其特征在于,所述功能填料主要由单壁碳纳米管、硅烷偶联剂、引发剂以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯制备而成。
6.一种如权利要求1~5中任一所述的高性能太阳能电池板背膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
S100在外层保护层与PET中间层分别涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合而得第一基膜;
S200在内层与PET中间层之间涂覆胶黏剂,热熔粘合得到高性能太阳能电池板背膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S100的外层保护层的制备包括步骤:
S110将PET粒子放在烘箱中于90-105℃下烘2-6h;
S120将PVDF、已烘干的PET粒子和改性填料放入高速混合机内,在500-2000r/min条件下混合2-15min;
S130将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,再用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度一区120-150℃,二区140-180℃,三区150-200℃,四区180-220℃,口模180-220℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度一区130-160℃,二区150-180℃,三区170-210℃,四区200-230℃,口模170-200℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤S120的改性填料的制备包括步骤:
S121将纳米二氧化钛、去离子水混合配制成质量分数为6-10%的水悬浮液后加入聚乙烯吡咯烷酮分散剂,在1500-2000r/min条件下搅拌分散40-80min;
S122将悬浮液在450-750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至78-82℃后稳定8-12min后加入引发剂过硫酸钾;
S123滴加二乙烯基苯,反应12-24h后停止反应;
S124将反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于70-90℃条件下干燥18-30h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用,其中,所述步骤S121至S124中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S200的内层制备包括步骤:
S210将PET粒子和PMMA树脂放在烘箱中于90-105℃下烘2-6h;
S220将PVDF、烘干的PET粒子、PMMA树脂和功能填料放入高速混合机内,在500-2000r/min条件下混合2-15min;
S230将混合均匀的物料利用单螺杆挤出机加工成粒料,再用单螺杆挤出机吹塑成膜,挤出工艺条件为:造粒温度一区120-150℃,二区140-180℃,三区150-200℃,四区180-220℃,口模180-220℃,吹膜工艺条件为:吹膜温度一区130-160℃,二区150-180℃,三区170-210℃,四区200-230℃,口模170-200℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S220中的功能填料制备包括步骤:
S221将单壁碳纳米管、乙醇和水超声混合配制成质量分数为10-25%的悬浮液后加入硅烷偶联剂KH-570,其中,KH-570加入量占单壁碳纳米管质量的30-80%,乙醇和水的质量比为8-10:1;
S222将悬浮液在常温450-750r/min条件下搅拌8-24h,反应结束后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于60-80℃条件下干燥6-24h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管;
S223将硅烷偶联剂修饰的单壁碳纳米管、水混合配制成质量分数为8-15%的悬浮液在800-2000r/min条件下搅拌分散10-60min;
S224将悬浮液在450-750r/min条件下搅拌加热升温至78-82℃后稳定8-12min后加入引发剂;
S225向悬浮液中滴加甲基丙烯酸甲酯,反应12-24h后停止反应;
S226将反应液冷却至室温后真空抽滤,将滤饼置于干燥箱中于70-90℃条件下干燥18-30h,将干燥后的滤饼粉碎得到改性填料,备用,其中,所述步骤S221至S226中的反应在N2气氛下进行。
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