CN108700336A - 用于加热流体流的裸加热元件 - Google Patents

用于加热流体流的裸加热元件 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN108700336A
CN108700336A CN201780014854.7A CN201780014854A CN108700336A CN 108700336 A CN108700336 A CN 108700336A CN 201780014854 A CN201780014854 A CN 201780014854A CN 108700336 A CN108700336 A CN 108700336A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
stratie
heater according
section
fluid
predetermined shape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201780014854.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN108700336B (zh
Inventor
马卡·D·埃弗利
麦克·班格
杰里米·奥泽
理查德·T·威廉姆斯
张三宏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co filed Critical Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
Publication of CN108700336A publication Critical patent/CN108700336A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN108700336B publication Critical patent/CN108700336B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
    • B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/16—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor the conductor being mounted on an insulating base
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/08—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by modifying ignition or injection timing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/024—Heaters using beehive flow through structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于加热流过通道的流体的加热器，其包括具有预定形状的连续电阻加热元件，该预定形状直接暴露于流体流。预定形状包括横截面几何形状，其提供通道内所需的热分布、结构强度和减小的背压。预定形状可以包括翼型，同时横截面几何形状提供通道内所需的热分布、结构强度和减小的背压。

Description

用于加热流体流的裸加热元件
技术领域
本发明涉及加热元件，更具体地涉及用于加热流体流的加热元件，例如柴油机废气。
背景技术
本节中的陈述仅提供与本申请相关的背景信息，并且可能不构成现有技术。
柴油发动机通常具有相对高的氮氧化物(NOx)和微粒排放物。已经采用各种装置和方法来减少这些可能对大气/环境有害的排放。例如，柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)用于发动机下游以过滤来自发动机排气的微粒。通过主动再生燃烧掉累积的烟灰来定期清洁DPF，其使用DPF上游的加热器将排气流温度升高到适于再生的温度。
被动再生是主动再生的替代方案，其中累积的颗粒与排气流中的氧气之间的反应(通常以O2和NO2的形式)导致一些颗粒氧化。然而，被动再生通常发生得太慢而不能除去积聚的颗粒，因此可以使用催化剂，其通常被称为柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)。DOC也位于DPF的上游并且导致废气流中的NO转化为NO2，从而当NO2与DPF中的颗粒反应时促进被动再生。
为了减少NOx排放，可以在排气流中提供NOx催化剂，例如选择性催化还原催化剂(SCR)或精益氮氧化物催化剂(LNC)。SCR催化剂目前是最常见的并且在催化剂上使用NH3可以非常有效地减少NOx排放为N2。然而，这些催化剂通常在相对高的温度下才是最有效地操作，因此已经使用加热器以达到这些温度。
尽管已经在排气流中使用各种形式的加热器以实现上述减少排放，但是这种加热器会对发动机性能产生负面影响并增加整个车辆的成本和复杂性。
发明内容
通常，本申请提供了加热器，加热器系统和相关方法，以加热流体流(例如柴油机废气流)，该流体流使用直接暴露于流的电阻加热元件并且具有横截面其形状为冲击，振动或高流速等应用提供强度，并补偿成本、尺寸、传递到流体的热量，背压和强度/振动阻力之间的权衡。
在其各种形式中，本申请提供了一种加热器或系统，其加热流体流(例如柴油机废气流)，同时提供比使用具有圆形(例如线)、箔或带(例如扁平)横截面的电阻加热元件更大的物理稳健性。
在一种形式中，提供了一种用于加热流过通道的流体的加热器，其中加热器包括具有预定形状的连续电阻加热元件，并且电阻加热元件直接暴露于流体流。预定形状包括横截面几何形状，该形状提供通道内的所需的热分布、结构强度和减小的背压。
本发明还提供一种加热器，用于加热通过通道的流体流，该加热器包括至少一个电阻加热元件，该电阻加热元件具有限定翼型的预定形状的横截面几何形状。电阻加热元件直接暴露于流体流。横截面几何形状可操作以在通道内提供所需的热分布、结构强度和减小的背压。
在又一种形式中，本申请提供了一种用于加热包括多个电阻加热元件的流体流的加热器。每个电阻加热元件限定预定形状并直接暴露于流体流。加热器还包括相应的多个介电构件，其布置在相邻的电阻加热元件之间。预定形状可包括横截面几何形状，其可操作以提供所需的热分布、结构强度和减小的背压。
在另一种形式中，提供了包括上述加热器之一的流体导管，其中流体导管包括内壁和设置在内壁和电阻加热元件之间的至少一个介电构件以及固定到其上的电箱。流体导管适于保护与加热器的电连接，其中电箱还包括电流开关装置和分布式操作系统中的至少一个。
根据本文提供的描述，其他适用领域将变得显而易见。应该理解的是，描述和具体示例仅用于说明的目的，并不旨在限制本申请的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本申请，现在将描述其各种形式，通过示例的方式给出，参考附图，其中：
图1是根据本申请的教导构造的用于加热流体流的一种形式的加热器的透视图；
图2是图1的垂直于流体流动方向的加热器的前视图；
图3是根据本发明的教导构造的另一种形式的加热器的透视图，该加热器用于加热流体流；
图4是图3的垂直于流体流动方向的加热器的前视图；
图5是根据本发明的教导构造的另一种形式的加热器的透视图，该加热器用于加热流体流；
图6是图5的垂直于流体流动方向的的加热器并旋转90度的前视图；
图7是图5和图6的加热器的侧视图；
图8是根据本发明的教导构造的另一种形式的加热器的透视图，该加热器用于加热流体流；
图9是图8的垂直于流体流动方向加热器的的前视图；
图10是图8的加热器的侧视图；
图11是图8的加热器的俯视图；
图12是根据本发明的教导构造的连续电阻加热元件的一种形式及其与介电构件的连接的透视图；
图13是图12的垂直于流体流动方向的电阻加热元件的前视图；
图14是图12的电阻加热元件和介电构件的侧视图；
图15是根据本发明的教导构造的具有多边形几何形状并由介电块隔开的另一种形式的连续电阻加热元件的透视图；
图16是图15的没有介电块的连续电阻加热元件的透视图；
图17是根据本发明的教导构造的使用机械紧固件固定到介电块的多边形几何形状的电阻加热元件的一种形式的局部放大图。
图18是图17的另一侧的另一放大局部视图，示出了在介电块中形成并根据本发明的教导构造的紧固件腔。
图19A是根据本发明的教导构造的具有翼型形状的电阻加热元件的侧视图；图19B是图19A的电阻加热元件的替代翼型形状的侧视图；
图20A至20D示出了根据本发明的教导构造的多个连续电阻加热元件和相应的电介质间隔件/构件的各种形式的前视图，是垂直于流体流动方向的；
图21是示出根据本发明的教导构造并作为散流器的两用加热器一种形式的示意图；和
图22是示出根据本发明的教导构造并作为散流器的两用加热器另一种形式的示意图。
本文描述的附图仅用于说明目的，并不旨在以任何方式限制本申请的范围。
具体实施方式
以下描述本质上仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本申请，应用或用途。应该理解的是，在整个附图中，相应的附图标记表示相同或相应的部件和特征。
参照图1至图7，示出了用于加热流过通道10的流体的加热器，并且由附图标记20表示。通常，加热器20包括具有预定形状的连续电阻加热元件30(其中许多种类将在下面更详细地说明和描述)，其中电阻加热元件30直接暴露于流体流F，即没有围绕电阻加热元件30的任何绝缘或护套。预定形状包括提供通道内的所需的热量分布、结构强度和减小的背压的横截面几何形状。
更具体地，如图1至图4所示，预定形状的一种形式包括两个腿部40，41，每个腿部具有蛇形形状，如相对的区段42,44所示。每个相对的区段42,44由介电构件46分开，以便提供它们之间必需的介电间隔。连续电阻加热元件30还包括用于连接到电源和/或控制器(未示出)的终端部分48和50。
如图1和图2中进一步所示，介电构件46的一种形式是套管。套管46设置在相对的区段42,44之间并且横向延伸穿过其中。套管46进一步由横向构件52支撑，横向构件52如所示的延伸穿过它们的中心。
类似的配置在图3和4中示出，相对的区段42,44由管60形式的介电构件分开。管60类似地具有与前一形式一样的横向支撑构件52。另外，连续电阻加热元件30包括孔62，介电构件46/60和它们的支撑构件52延伸穿过孔62。
尽管相对的区段42,44相等地间隔开并且介电构件46/60横向分布，但是应当理解，每个连续的电阻加热元件30和介电构件46/60的交替间隔和位置可以是在提供的同时保持在本申请的范围内。
在一种形式中，介电构件46/60(其为陶瓷)被主动钎焊到连续电阻加热元件30。另外的钎焊可以包括，例如，氧化铝，钼，镀镍，或铜钎焊等。然而，应该理解的是，可以采用其他类型的连接，例如机械紧固件或粘合剂粘合，同时保持在本申请的范围内。这种连接应理解为适用于随后的各种设计备选方案。
参见图5至图7，示出了另一种形式的连续电阻加热元件，并用附图标记70表示。在这种形式中，连续电阻加热元件70具有预定形状，该形状是如图所示的蛇形波形。相对的波形区段72,74类似地由介电构件76和横向支撑78分开。如图所示，波形区段72,74包括开口80(在图7中最佳示出)，这可以促进附加的介电构件76和横向的支撑78，和/或提供具有交替流动特性的较轻的重量结构。
图8至图11示出了连续电阻加热元件的另一种形式，其由附图标记90表示。连续电阻加热元件90包括相对的区段92,94，其具有径向延伸的变化长度，并且电介质套管96(或构件)是如图所示的沿通道的中心部分垂直设置，并围绕通道的周边径向(97)设置。在这种形式中，连续电阻加热元件90缠绕在电介质套管96/97周围，更具体地说，围绕如图所示的直径减小部分。如图10和11所示，腿部98和99中的每一个轴向交错，中央的电介质套管96轴向对齐或彼此连接。
参见图12至图14，示出了在连续电阻加热元件100中变化长度相对的区段的另一种形式。不是围绕介电构件/套管102缠绕，相对的区段104/106包括可以用作终端的端部突片108或用于连接到系统内的其他加热电路。如图14所示，相对的区段104/106例如轴向交错，以便在通道内提供必要的加热和减小的背压。
在图15和图16中，示出了另一种形式的连续电阻加热元件，并用附图标记120表示。连续电阻加热元件120具有预定形状，其包括多个腿122，每个腿具有多边形几何形状。在这种形式中，多边形几何形状包括向外延伸的区段124，横向区段126和向内延伸的区段128的重复集合，其中每个横向区段126由介电构件130分开，在这种替代设计中的介电构件130是块的形式。
如图17和图18所示，介电构件130包括凹槽132，以容纳机械紧固件134，以将横向区段126固定到介电构件。应该理解的是，机械紧固件134仅仅是示例性的，不应该被解释为限制连续电阻加热元件120和介电构件130之间的连接类型。例如，也可以采用如上所述的主动钎焊。同时保持在本申请的范围内。
如图19A-19B所示，用于加热通过通道的流体流的另一种形式的加热器，其包括至少一个具有翼型150的预定形状的电阻加热元件。翼型150可以是中空的并且也可以是形状记忆合金以便根据通道内的流量要求改变翼型的形状。多个翼型150可以横跨一个区段使用，或者沿着通道在多个轴向位置使用，或者单个翼型150可以在通道的整个宽度上延伸。另外，可以使用各种不同类型的翼型，包括例如不同的NACA(国家航空咨询委员会)配置，低弯度，深弯度，对称或超音速等。翼型的示例形状示于图19B。通常，翼型形状150旨在减小背压，同时为流体流提供必要的加热曲线。
在另一种形式中，加热器的横截面几何形状是不均匀的，或者是变化的横截面，使得可以在电路的一些区域中提供高刚度和增强的热传递，并且在其他区域中提供改善的可成形性。
在图20A至图20C中，示出了用于加热流体流的附加形式的加热器，其通常包括多个连续的电阻加热元件170，每个电阻加热元件170具有预定形状，电阻加热元件170直接暴露于流体流和相应的多个介电隔离物172布置在相邻的电阻元件170之间，其中预定形状包括提供所需热分布、结构强度和减小的背压的横截面几何形状。应该注意的是，为了清楚起见，这里仅示出了加热元件170和介电隔离物172的部分布置，因此具体布置将被理解为在流体通道/导管的整个区域上变化。在一种形式中，多个电阻加热元件和介电构件中的至少一个能够混合流体流。
作为示例，预定形状可以是如20A中所示的“M”。在图20B中所示的“Z”，或者如图20C所示的“O”。除了“U”，“C”，“I”，“T”，“V”，齿条和/或闭合形状横截面之外，预定形状可以是这些中的任何一个或其组合。封闭形状可以是中空的和/或可以是非圆形的，如图20D所示。例如椭圆体，椭圆形或泪滴形(未示出)。
电阻加热元件170可以被连接于串联电路或串联电路和并联电路的组合中的一个。
如图所示，横截面几何形状可以垂直于流体流定位，或者可以横向于流体流定位，或者以其他方向和/或其组合定位，同时保持在本申请的范围内。
如上所述，电阻加热元件170可包括孔，流体可通过所述孔流动，使得流体围绕并穿过电阻加热元件170流动。
如图20D所示，示出了流体导管10，其具有内壁和设置在电阻加热元件170之间的至少一个介电材料172。流体导管可包括固定到其上的电箱182，用于保护与加热器的电连接。电箱182还包括本申请的一种形式的电流开关装置。在另一种形式中，电箱182还包括分布式操作系统，例如美国专利No.7,627,455中公开的系统，该系统与本申请共同指定，其内容通过引用整体并入本文。还应该理解的是，相对于预定形状的流动可以平行于预定形状，交叉流动或相对于预定形状的任何其他流动方向，同时保持在本申请的范围内。
如图21A-B和图22A-B所示，具有预定形状并且直接暴露于流体流的两用电阻加热元件也用作导流件，其由附图标记200示出和指示。如图21A所示，围绕弯曲部分(例如90°弯管)或非线性部分流动的流体倾向于与流体通道或导管的壁分离，如图所示。在一种形式中，两用电阻加热元件200用作导流叶片，如图21B所示，其中电阻加热元件200基本上平行于流体流动方向布置并且以这种形式限定半圆形几何形状。类似地，如图22A所示，流体流倾向于通过散流器分离，如图22B所示，电阻加热元件200基本上平行于流体流动方向设置，通过增加散流器或导管的横截面区域，以用作导流件。应当理解，该双用途电阻加热元件200可以用在流体通道或导管的任何横截面区域中，同时保持在本申请的范围内。例如，电阻加热元件200可以基本上平行于流体流动方向布置，通过减小导管的横截面积。
在本申请的另一种形式中，如本文所公开的任何电阻加热元件和/或电介质隔离物/构件可以配置成混合流体流。
在另一种形式中，至少一个电阻加热元件具有电阻温度系数，使得电阻加热元件用作加热器和温度传感器。这种加热系统在美国专利No.7,196,295中公开，该专利与本申请共同承认，并且其内容通过引用整体并入本文。
在另一变型中，采用可变瓦数控制系统，例如在美国专利No.7,257,464中公开的系统，该专利也与本申请共同承认，并且其内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
在另一种形式中，电阻加热元件的表面的至少部分涂覆有催化剂，用于促进至少一种组分化合物或流体流的元素的化学反应。
在另一种设计中，电阻加热元件形成多个电路，这些电路布置成提供预定的热量分布。
在另一种形式中，裸电阻加热元件或其部分可以涂覆有介电材料，例如，厚度约为0.030”的氮化物层，以便根据在特定的应用中的需要提供电隔离。
应当理解，具有预定形状的各种形式的连续电阻加热元件可以沿着流动方向定向，如主要在全文中所示，或者它们可以横向于流动定向或以另一个方向定向，或者甚至组合其中定向，同时保持在本发明的范围内。另外，如本文所示和所述的各种预定形状可具有开放的横截面，封闭的横截面或其组合，和/或可包括延伸穿过其壁的孔，以实现所需的热分布、结构强度、重量、成本和/或减小的背压。
还应该理解，“流体”应该被解释为气体，液体或等离子体，并且不限于如上所述的柴油机废气的示例。
本申请的描述本质上仅是示例性的，因此，不脱离本申请的实质的变型旨在落入本申请的范围内。不应将这些变化视为脱离本申请的精神和范围。

Claims (26)

1.一种用于加热流过通道的流体流的加热器，包括：
具有预定形状的电阻加热元件，电阻加热元件直接暴露于流体流动，
其中，预定形状包括横截面几何形状，该形状提供通道内的热分布、结构强度和减小的背压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加热器，其中所述电阻加热元件包括形状记忆合金。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加热器，其中，所述预定形状包括具有相对的区段的多个腿部，并且其中每个相对的区段由介电构件分开。
4.根据权利要求3所述的加热器，其中所述介电构件包括套管、块、管及其组合中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的加热器，其中所述介电构件横向延伸穿过所述相对的区段。
6.根据权利要求3所述的加热器，其中所述相对的段是等间隔的，并且介电件是横向分布的。
7.根据权利要求3所述的加热器，其中所述相对的段限定了径向延伸的变化长度，并且其中所述介电构件沿着所述通道的中心部分垂直设置并且径向地围绕所述通道的周边。
8.根据权利要求3所述的加热器，其中所述预定形状限定具有相对的波形区段的蛇形波形，所述波形区段由多个介电构件和横向支撑件分开。
9.根据权利要求1所述的加热器，其中，所述预定形状限定多个腿，每个腿限定多边形几何形状。
10.根据权利要求9所述的加热器，其中所述多边形几何形状包括向外延伸的区段、横向区段和向内延伸的区段的重复集合，其中每个所述横向区段由介电构件分开。
11.根据权利要求3所述的加热器，其中，所述预定形状限定了不均匀的横截面。
12.根据权利要求1所述的加热器，其中所述预定形状选自由翼型、椭圆体和椭圆形组成的组，所述电阻加热元件直接暴露于所述流体流。
13.根据权利要求1所述的加热器，还包括：
多个电阻加热元件，每个电阻加热元件限定预定形状，电阻加热元件直接暴露于流体流动；和
相应的多个介电元件设置在相邻的电阻加热元件之间，
其中，预定形状包括提供热分布、结构强度和减小的背压的横截面几何形状。
14.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述预定形状选自由U形、C形、I形、T形、V形、Z形、齿条、闭合形状的横截面及其组合组成的组。
15.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述预定形状限定闭合形状的横截面，所述闭合形状的横截面选自由中空、非圆形、圆形、椭圆形、翼型、泪滴形及其组合组成的组。
16.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述电阻加热元件被连接在串联电路、并联电路以及串联和并联电路的组合之一。
17.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述横截面几何形状被定位垂直于所述流体流动和横向于所述流体流动的至少一个。
18.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述电阻加热元件包括孔，所述孔的尺寸和形状设计成允许流体围绕所述电阻加热元件流过。
19.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中，所述电阻加热元件中的至少一个作为导流件操作。
20.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述电阻加热元件基本上以平行于通过所述流体通道的非线性部分的所述流体流动的布置。
21.根据权利要求20所述的加热器，其中，所述多个电阻加热元件中的至少一个限定半圆形横截面几何形状，以定位在所述通道的弯管部分内。
22.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述多个电阻加热元件和介电构件中的至少一个能够混合所述流体流。
23.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述多个电阻加热元件中的至少一个具有电阻温度系数，使得所述多个电阻加热元件能够作为加热器和温度传感器操作。
24.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述电阻加热元件的表面的至少部分包括用于促进至少一种组成化合物和流体流元件的化学反应的催化剂。
25.根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述电阻加热元件形成多个电路，所述多个电路能够实现预定的热分布、原位热分布和动态热分布及其组合中的至少一种。
26.一种流体导管，包括根据权利要求13所述的加热器，其中所述流体导管包括：
内壁和设置在电阻加热元件之间的至少一个介电构件；和
适于保护与加热器的电连接的固定到流体导管的电箱，其中电箱还包括电流开关装置和分布式操作系统中的至少一个。
CN201780014854.7A 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 用于加热流体流的裸加热元件 Active CN108700336B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201662302501P 2016-03-02 2016-03-02
US62/302,501 2016-03-02
PCT/US2017/020524 WO2017151975A1 (en) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 Bare heating elements for heating fluid flows

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN108700336A true CN108700336A (zh) 2018-10-23
CN108700336B CN108700336B (zh) 2021-09-17

Family

ID=58347963

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201780014854.7A Active CN108700336B (zh) 2016-03-02 2017-03-02 用于加热流体流的裸加热元件

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US11330676B2 (zh)
EP (3) EP3795920A1 (zh)
JP (2) JP7051695B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN108700336B (zh)
CA (1) CA3016181A1 (zh)
MX (1) MX2018010600A (zh)
WO (1) WO2017151975A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114607489A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2022-06-10 普瑞姆有限公司 排气加热单元
CN115217587A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-21 普瑞姆有限公司 用于排气加热布置结构的热导体

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6980676B2 (ja) * 2016-03-02 2021-12-15 ワットロー・エレクトリック・マニュファクチャリング・カンパニー 流体流システムに使用されるサセプタ
FR3085428B1 (fr) * 2018-09-03 2021-06-25 Faurecia Systemes Dechappement Dispositif de chauffage de gaz d'echappement, notamment pour un moteur a combustion
DE102019101679A1 (de) * 2019-01-24 2020-07-30 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Abgasheizelement
DE102019107384A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-24 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Abgasheizelement
DE102019129322A1 (de) * 2019-10-30 2021-05-06 Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Germany Gmbh Elektrische Gasströmungsheizung und Fahrzeug
EP3943720B1 (de) 2020-07-23 2023-01-04 Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH Elektrische heizvorrichtung
DE102020122559B9 (de) 2020-08-28 2021-10-21 Hjs Emission Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Heizaggregat zum Einschalten in den Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie damit ausgerüstetes Abgasreinigungsaggregat
DE202020104976U1 (de) 2020-08-28 2020-10-06 Hjs Emission Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisches Heizaggregat zum Einschalten in den Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie damit ausgerüstetes Abgasreinigungsaggregat
DE102020130429A1 (de) * 2020-11-18 2022-05-19 Purem GmbH Abgasheizanordnung
DE102020133033B3 (de) 2020-12-10 2022-05-05 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Aufgewickelter Heizleiter für einen Abgasstrang
DE102021104117B3 (de) * 2021-02-11 2022-03-24 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Halter für ein elektrisches Heizelement in einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung
FR3119865B1 (fr) * 2021-02-18 2023-06-09 Faurecia Systemes Dechappement Organe de chauffage et ligne d’échappement comportant un tel organe
FR3120095A1 (fr) * 2021-02-25 2022-08-26 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement Organe de chauffage, procédé de fabrication, système de purification de gaz d’échappement, ligne d’échappement et véhicule
DE102021122085A1 (de) * 2021-08-26 2023-03-02 Purem GmbH Abgasheizer
DE102021122083A1 (de) * 2021-08-26 2023-03-02 Purem GmbH Abgasheizer
DE102021122577A1 (de) * 2021-09-01 2023-03-02 Purem GmbH Abgasanlage
DE102021128240A1 (de) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-04 Purem GmbH Heizeinheit für eine Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine
WO2023230585A2 (en) * 2022-05-25 2023-11-30 410 Medical, Inc. Systems, apparatus, and methods for warming fluid for intravenous infusion
DE102022114107A1 (de) 2022-06-03 2023-12-14 Purem GmbH Abgasheizer
DE102022121591B3 (de) 2022-08-25 2023-10-19 Tenneco Gmbh Elektrode und Abstandselement

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB651777A (en) * 1946-04-19 1951-04-11 George Bennet Herbster An improved air heater
GB1340539A (en) * 1970-12-09 1973-12-12 Clevite Corp Electric resistance heating element
US20020090209A1 (en) * 2001-01-08 2002-07-11 Watlow Polymer Technologies Flexible spirally shaped heating element
CN1555474A (zh) * 2001-12-19 2004-12-15 �Դ���� 加热装置
CN103442788A (zh) * 2011-03-09 2013-12-11 丰田自动车株式会社 电加热催化剂
CN105143621A (zh) * 2013-04-26 2015-12-09 沃特洛电气制造公司 智能加热系统

Family Cites Families (67)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191507860A (en) 1915-05-27 1916-05-29 Charles Ernest Broman Improvements in and relating to Rotary Internal Combustion Engines.
US1539497A (en) 1922-03-27 1925-05-26 W B Mcallister Company Electrical heating device
GB214058A (en) 1923-03-09 1924-04-17 Benham & Sons Ltd Improvements in electric heating elements
US1967757A (en) * 1932-02-10 1934-07-24 Joseph S Losee Fan heater
US2277912A (en) * 1938-10-29 1942-03-31 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Resistor
GB630868A (en) 1946-08-22 1949-10-24 Dulrae Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical heating elements
US2721920A (en) * 1952-05-01 1955-10-25 weide
BE600574A (fr) 1960-03-05 1961-06-16 Eichenauer Fritz Corps de chauffe électrique à charge élevée
US3651304A (en) * 1971-03-31 1972-03-21 Gould Inc Electric resistance heating element
US3860789A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-01-14 Gould Inc Heating element assembly
JPS517327A (ja) 1974-07-05 1976-01-21 Nissan Motor Daburusurasutonaimennenshoshikiroketsutomootaano suishinyaku
IL46779A (en) * 1975-03-09 1977-08-31 Glucksman D Electric air-heating element
US4025754A (en) * 1975-06-16 1977-05-24 Whirlpool Corporation Electrically heated dryer
US4051452A (en) * 1975-08-18 1977-09-27 Cutler-Hammer, Inc. Annular resistor
US4011395A (en) * 1975-09-15 1977-03-08 Btu Engineering Company Electric furnace heater
US4100526A (en) * 1977-02-24 1978-07-11 Mosebach Manufacturing Company Grid resistor
JPS5486940A (en) * 1977-12-22 1979-07-10 Hitachi Ltd Room air conditioner
JPS6027284B2 (ja) * 1981-06-23 1985-06-28 松下電工株式会社 ヘア−ドライヤ
JPS60160469U (ja) * 1984-04-02 1985-10-25 三洋電機株式会社 燃料電池
US4651124A (en) * 1984-04-10 1987-03-17 Mosebach Manufacturing Company Frame supported grid resistor
JPH0355277Y2 (zh) * 1985-03-29 1991-12-09
US4849608A (en) * 1987-02-14 1989-07-18 Dainippon Screen Mfg. Co., Ltd. Apparatus for heat-treating wafers
US4857707A (en) * 1988-04-11 1989-08-15 Whirpool Corporation Flexible frame heater element for dryer
US5045831A (en) * 1990-01-16 1991-09-03 Mosebach Manufacturing Company Vertical flight resistor grid
US5157373A (en) * 1991-03-08 1992-10-20 Post Glover Resistors, Inc. Post glover resistor
US5221917A (en) * 1992-06-05 1993-06-22 Mosebach Manufacturing Company Resistor ribbon for resistor grids
US5304978A (en) * 1992-08-10 1994-04-19 Mosebach Manufacturing Company Resistor grid assembly having "U" bend resistor elements
JP3573777B2 (ja) 1994-01-31 2004-10-06 日本特殊陶業株式会社 内燃機関用エアヒータ
DE19525262A1 (de) * 1994-07-11 1996-02-15 Usui Kokusai Sangyo K K Ltd Metallsubstrat für Abgasreinigungskatalysator
US5686880A (en) * 1995-11-21 1997-11-11 Mosebach Manufacturing Company Continuous weave resistor grid
US5749223A (en) * 1996-03-06 1998-05-12 General Motors Corporation Exhaust management system
US5877674A (en) * 1996-09-12 1999-03-02 Post Glover Resistors Inc. Resistor with elongated resistor element panels
DE19724263A1 (de) 1997-06-09 1998-12-10 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Radialkatalysator, insbesondere für Kleinmotoren
CN1100618C (zh) * 1997-08-20 2003-02-05 卡森尼可株式会社 用于金属催化剂载体的金属薄板以及采用它的金属催化转化器
US6048510A (en) 1997-09-30 2000-04-11 Coal Tech Corporation Method for reducing nitrogen oxides in combustion effluents
US6433318B2 (en) 2000-08-11 2002-08-13 Michael Danko Electric heater assembly with in-line thermostat
US6621056B2 (en) * 2001-11-09 2003-09-16 Tutco, Inc. Heater assembly with a non-uniform cross section
US6444960B1 (en) * 2002-01-11 2002-09-03 Xerox Corporation Heading element for charging devices
FR2838599B1 (fr) 2002-04-11 2004-08-06 Valeo Climatisation Dispositif de chauffage electrique, notamment pour appareil de chauffage et ou climatisation de vehicule
JP3089428U (ja) * 2002-04-19 2002-10-25 一治 中村 面状発熱体を利用した暖熱保温装置
EP1625448A4 (en) 2002-08-21 2008-02-20 Watlow Electric Mfg VARIABLE POWER CONTROL SYSTEM
KR100534081B1 (ko) * 2003-06-12 2005-12-07 일진전기 주식회사 지그를 이용한 전기히터 제작방법 및 그 전기히터
US7196295B2 (en) 2003-11-21 2007-03-27 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Two-wire layered heater system
JP2008511938A (ja) 2004-08-31 2008-04-17 ワットロー・エレクトリック・マニュファクチャリング・カンパニー 動作システムの分散された診断システム
EP1747917B1 (de) * 2005-07-28 2009-10-21 ebm-papst St. Georgen GmbH & Co. KG Heizaggregat
DE102005063081A1 (de) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einbauteil zur Montage in einem Abgasstrang einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine
JP4898352B2 (ja) * 2006-08-29 2012-03-14 株式会社浅野研究所 加熱ユニット及び樹脂シート加熱装置
JP2008059788A (ja) * 2006-08-29 2008-03-13 Asano Laboratories Co Ltd 輻射ヒータ
DE102007001451A1 (de) 2007-01-03 2008-07-10 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Heizvorrichtung, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
WO2008129671A1 (ja) * 2007-04-17 2008-10-30 Ibiden Co., Ltd. 触媒担持ハニカムおよびその製造方法
DE102007022068A1 (de) 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Mantelrohr zum Einsatz in einem Abgassystem einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, sowie Wabenkörper und Abgassystem umfassend mindestens ein Mantelrohr sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mantelrohres
FR2929326B1 (fr) * 2008-03-26 2011-08-12 Renault Sas Dispositif et procede de vaporisation de carburant pour la regeneration d'un filtre a particules
US8541721B2 (en) * 2008-12-01 2013-09-24 Daniel Moskal Wake generating solid elements for joule heating or infrared heating
US20100237059A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Emerson Electric Co. Resistive heating element for electrical heating
DE102009018422A1 (de) 2009-04-22 2010-11-04 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines beschichteten Wabenkörpers
RU2012139451A (ru) * 2010-03-16 2014-04-27 Баркей Гмбх Унд Ко. Кг Устройство для нагревания движущихся текучих сред, а также способ его изготовления
US8591820B2 (en) 2011-03-11 2013-11-26 Corning Incorporated Honeycomb filters for reducing NOx and particulate matter in diesel engine exhaust
CN102200345A (zh) 2011-04-19 2011-09-28 沈阳工程学院 一种蛇形电热板式气体电加热装置
CN202083099U (zh) 2011-04-19 2011-12-21 沈阳工程学院 蛇形电热板式气体电加热装置
DE102012004291A1 (de) * 2012-03-02 2013-09-05 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Vorrichtung zur Abgasreinigung
MY185231A (en) * 2012-03-02 2021-04-30 Continental Automotive Gmbh Device for exhaust purification
CA2894700C (en) * 2012-12-18 2017-03-14 Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company Improved exhaust gas heating apparatus
JP6191468B2 (ja) 2014-01-14 2017-09-06 株式会社Ihi ヒータ
CN106133424A (zh) 2014-03-24 2016-11-16 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 用于向选择性催化还原(scr)催化剂中加料脲溶液的装置
US20160067668A1 (en) 2014-09-09 2016-03-10 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Cost-effective materials for process units using acidic ionic liquids
EP3214284B1 (de) * 2016-03-03 2019-03-13 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Abgasanlage, insbesondere für eine brennkraftmaschine eines fahrzeugs
DE102019107384A1 (de) 2019-03-22 2020-09-24 Eberspächer Exhaust Technology GmbH & Co. KG Abgasheizelement

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB651777A (en) * 1946-04-19 1951-04-11 George Bennet Herbster An improved air heater
GB1340539A (en) * 1970-12-09 1973-12-12 Clevite Corp Electric resistance heating element
US20020090209A1 (en) * 2001-01-08 2002-07-11 Watlow Polymer Technologies Flexible spirally shaped heating element
CN1555474A (zh) * 2001-12-19 2004-12-15 �Դ���� 加热装置
CN103442788A (zh) * 2011-03-09 2013-12-11 丰田自动车株式会社 电加热催化剂
CN105143621A (zh) * 2013-04-26 2015-12-09 沃特洛电气制造公司 智能加热系统

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114607489A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2022-06-10 普瑞姆有限公司 排气加热单元
CN115217587A (zh) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-21 普瑞姆有限公司 用于排气加热布置结构的热导体

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017151975A1 (en) 2017-09-08
JP7051695B2 (ja) 2022-04-11
CA3016181A1 (en) 2017-09-08
US20170273146A1 (en) 2017-09-21
JP2022043150A (ja) 2022-03-15
EP3423760A1 (en) 2019-01-09
EP3795920A1 (en) 2021-03-24
US11330676B2 (en) 2022-05-10
JP2019510343A (ja) 2019-04-11
EP3933293A1 (en) 2022-01-05
CN108700336B (zh) 2021-09-17
MX2018010600A (es) 2018-11-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN108700336A (zh) 用于加热流体流的裸加热元件
US10808587B2 (en) Exhaust line, exhaust gas purification device, and purification device manufacturing process
US11131227B2 (en) High power density insulated exhaust heating system
EP2554815B1 (en) Catalyst converter device
EP2685061B1 (en) Exhaust gas purification apparatus of an internal combustion engine
KR20060111540A (ko) 분진필터를 구비한 린번 내연기관 엔진의 배출장치
EP1867380A1 (en) Electrical processing method and apparatus for diesel engine exhaust gas
EP2803402B1 (en) Electrically heated catalyst
US11268422B2 (en) Exhaust gas mixing apparatus, exhaust gas purifier and exhaust gas purification method
CN104975919A (zh) 电加热催化剂装置及其制造方法
CN114502824B (zh) 用于净化废气的蜂窝单元以及蜂窝单元的制造方法
EP3087260B1 (en) Catalytic converter
KR20140030520A (ko) 튜브 타입 히터를 이용한 배기가스 여과 장치
WO2022137275A1 (ja) メタル触媒装置
JP2014214684A (ja) ハニカム構造体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant