CN1555474A - 加热装置 - Google Patents

加热装置 Download PDF

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CN1555474A
CN1555474A CNA02817965XA CN02817965A CN1555474A CN 1555474 A CN1555474 A CN 1555474A CN A02817965X A CNA02817965X A CN A02817965XA CN 02817965 A CN02817965 A CN 02817965A CN 1555474 A CN1555474 A CN 1555474A
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burner
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conduit
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heat
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大卫·安东尼·克拉克
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詹姆士·罗伯特·罗利
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希瑟·奥德瑞蒂
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Solarate Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055Heaters or coolers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02G5/02Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D23/00Assemblies of two or more burners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L15/00Heating of air supplied for combustion
    • F23L15/04Arrangements of recuperators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23NREGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled
    • F28D7/024Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being helically coiled the conduits of only one medium being helically coiled tubes, the coils having a cylindrical configuration
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02GHOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F02G2254/10Heat inputs by burners
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/80Electric generators driven by external combustion engines, e.g. Stirling engines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
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  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
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Abstract

一种家用热电联产系统包括斯特林发动机(1)和辅助燃烧器(17)形式的水加热器。利用来自斯特林发动机的排气对进入斯特林发动机的可燃气体进行预热,然后对水进行加热。水加热器(15)具有通向外壳(39)周边的螺旋水管(41)。通过来自斯特林发动机排气和辅助燃烧器(17)的排气对该水管的各个部分顺序加热,所述排气沿径向向外燃烧穿过螺旋水管。

Description

加热装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加热装置。具体地说,本发明涉及一种家用热电联产(DCHP)单元。
背景技术
人们早已提出了这种DCHP单元,其装有一个与交流发电机相连的斯特林(Stirling)发动机,以便进行发电。发动机所产生的热量通常用于对供应给家庭用水系统和中央加热系统的水进行加热,因此是DCHP系统的一种有价值的产物,否则就会被浪费掉。可以看到,当斯特林发动机/交流发电机的规模设定为可产生大约1KW的电能时,系统就可达到最佳的经济效果。但是,在此水平,只可产生大约5KW的热量,这远远低于通常家用所需的20KW以上的热负荷。
发明内容
为了可供应余下的热量,以使DCHP单元可与目前所用规格的家用锅炉进行有效的竞争,需要一个辅助的气体燃烧器。本发明的目的是提供一种可进行有效热工作的斯特林发动机和辅助燃烧器。
根据本发明,提供一种家用热电联产组件,其包括一斯特林发动机和一水加热器,其中,斯特林发动机布置成可由供有可燃气体的第一燃烧器进行加热,该组件还包括一排气管道,该排气管道从斯特林发动机行进并与进入第一燃烧器的可燃气体入口相接触,以便对进入第一燃烧器的可燃气体进行预热,然后对由水加热器进行辅助加热的水进行加热。
因此,排气的热量被初始地回收到进入燃烧器的引入空气/燃气混合气体中,因此减少了需要进行燃烧的燃料并提高了燃烧温度,从而提高了传递给斯特林发动机的传热率并提高了系统的效率。然后,利用现已冷却到一定程度的排气对也被辅助水加热器进行加热的水进行加热,从而降低了对辅助水加热器的热输出量的需求。
如果系统布置成可在水加热器的上游利用排气对水进行加热,就可提高效率。
例如,辅助水加热器可以是一电加热器,但最好是一辅助燃烧器。
该系统优选布置成,当排气和来自辅助燃烧器的气体将热量传递给水时,它们就形成混合流,且该混合流可对排气上游的水进行加热。对于这种结构,由于混合流的一些成分已将一些热量传递给水,因此,水将从混合流接受相对较少的热量。然后,水将直接从排气和从辅助燃烧器接受相对较多的热量。因此,这种结构的热效率较高。
该系统优选地还包括一斯特林发动机冷却器,以便在排气加热的上游对水进行加热。这不仅可促进水的加热效果,而且还有助于保持经过斯特林发动机所需的温度差。
另外,本发明提供一种用于操纵家用热电联产组件的方法,其包括从第一燃烧器向斯特林发动机供应热量,使来自流出斯特林发动机的排气流与供给第一燃烧器的可燃气体流进行热交换,然后使从第一燃烧器流过的排气与水进行热交换,并且在水加热器中对预热的水进行进一步地加热。
对斯特林发动机顶部进行加热的炉气通常大约为1400℃。当气体在顶部周围流动时,热量被传递到加热器头部(heater head),且气体的温度下降到大约800℃。气体将热量传递给进入的燃料/空气混合气体。如果不再进行热回收,则流入到斯特林发动机烟道中的排气的温度通常大约为600℃。
本发明还涉及一种新型的可将热量传递给水的加热装置。需要该装置结构紧凑,并可以最大的效率将热量从至少两个气流传递到水中。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种用于加热流体的加热装置,该装置包括一外壳;一位于外壳内并朝向其外周边且围绕外壳的中心轴线螺旋卷绕的导管,以便将流体从外壳的第一端输送到外壳的第二端;一位于外壳内并靠近第二端的辅助燃烧器,所述导管包围着该辅助燃烧器以便将热量传递给导管的一第一部分中的流体;一用于来自外部热源的热气的出口,该入口的结构设计成可将热气沿径向直接向外引导到比导管的第一部分更靠近外壳第一端的导管的第二部分上。
由于辅助燃烧器和外部热源气体入口都位于输送流体的导管中,因此这种装置结构特别紧凑。另外,辅助燃烧器和入口布置成可将热量传递给螺旋导管的不同部分。因此,该装置具有较高的热效率。
所述入口优选地布置成基本上可防止来自辅助燃烧器的气体与来自外部热源的热气发生混合,至少直到它们都经过螺旋卷绕的导管时为止。因此,在气流到达导管之前,基本上可避免气流发生混合,从而保证可更有效地进行热传递。
一旦排气和来自外部热源的热气经过了螺旋卷绕的导管,它们就可简单地分别地或作为混合气流被排出。但优选地,这两个气流在最初将一些热量传递给导管后,就形成一混合气流,且混合气流经过比导管的第二部分更靠近第一端的导管的第三部分。因此,螺旋卷绕导管中进入外壳第一端的冷却流体最初与该相对较冷的混合气流相遇,并在被来自外部热源的气体和来自辅助燃烧器的气体进行加热之前,被该气流预热。
尽管由于少量的混合对流体的整体加热效果只有相对小的影响从而允许来自辅助燃烧器的气体和来自外部热源的热气发生一定的混合,但这种混合优选地尽可能最小。因此,优选地设置有密封件来防止来自辅助燃烧器的气体与来自外部热源的热气在导管径向向内发生混合。
为了使传递到导管的热量最大,导管优选地布置成使导管的每个螺旋圈在中心轴线的方向上是平的,从而在横截面上使该螺旋圈的径向尺寸超过其轴向尺寸。而且,最好,导管的相邻螺旋圈相互靠近或相互邻接。这就保证了热气不得不从导管的相邻螺旋圈之间的一相对较长且较窄的通道通过,从而可有效地进行热传递。这种导管结构参见WO94/16272。
【附图说明】
下面将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行描述,其中:
图1是第一斯特林发动机系统的结构示意图;
图2是第二斯特林发动机系统的结构示意图;
图3是加热装置的截面图;
图4是图3所示装置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示装置包括斯特林发动机1,燃烧器14向该斯特林发动机供应热量。热量通过翅片系统3传递到顶部并经烟道排出,翅片系统3在本申请人早先申请的未决专利申请No.0020012中有相应的描述。
图1所示装置具有水加热器15,水加热器15布置成利用辅助燃烧器17对水流16进行加热。排气经烟道18排出。
第一燃烧器14和辅助燃烧器17设有共同的燃气供应通道19。燃气流通过一单个多功能阀20进行控制。用于控制燃烧器点火和火焰检测的燃烧器控制装置可设置在多功能控制器中。多功能阀20中的燃气进入文丘里歧管21形式的混合腔,并与由风扇驱动的空气流22混合。
燃气和空气混合气体被供应到分流阀23,在该分流阀中的一入口24通向第一燃烧器的出口25和第二燃烧器的出口26。每个出口的相对流量由可绕轴28转动的瓣阀27控制。瓣阀27的位置由设备控制器进行设定,并通过例如伺服电机被驱动到该位置。或者,空气流可在经过一进气风扇60之后由分流阀23分开,然后每个空气流可结合一多功能阀/控制器,以便对供应给每个燃烧器的混合气体进行准确计量。图2示出了这种结构。
进入斯特林发动机1的燃气/空气混合气体在包围所述燃烧器装置的罩盖29周围流动,并因此而被离开燃烧器的热气流加热。已经将一些热量传递给流入的混合气体的排气经歧管30离开罩盖,并进入水加热器15与水流16接触(水流16已在斯特林发动机冷却器31中已经加热到一定的程度),从而进一步对辅助燃烧器17上游侧的水流16进行预热。如果需要,辅助燃烧器17被点火以对水流16进行辅助加热。来自第一燃烧器14的排气与来自辅助燃烧器17的排气一起经烟道18离开水加热器15。
图3和4更为详细地示出了加热装置,该加热装置包括辅助燃烧器17和水加热器15。水加热器15具有一大致为圆筒形的外壳39,外壳39具有主轴线40。辅助燃烧器17设置在轴线40上从而径向向外进行燃烧。
水从图3的右侧到左侧经水加热器15围绕水管41流向圆筒形外壳39的外周边,水管41是围绕轴线40卷绕的一单个螺旋管(其可由多个相互连接的部分构成)。水管41的每个单独的螺旋圈在轴向上是平的。相邻螺旋圈相互紧密靠近,但不密封在一起,以便于热气可从相邻的螺旋圈之间穿过。来自斯特林发动机的排气的入口42伸向加热器15的中部。该入口通向形成于两个圆板44和45之间的圆形腔室43,圆板45具有用于入口42的开口。环形托架46桥接在板44、45的边缘和水管41之间的间隙上,以保证所有的排气从腔室43流经水管41的螺旋圈。辅助燃烧腔室47从腔室43伸向第二端,辅助燃烧器17在辅助燃烧腔47中燃烧。辅助燃烧器加热朝向第二端的相邻螺旋圈。
排出腔48从腔室43伸向第一端并具有出口49。还设有一出口50,用于因最后一级的热回收的高效特性而产生的冷凝。
水加热器15以如下的方式进行工作。水从第一端经水管41围绕螺旋路径流向第二端。辅助燃烧器17在腔47中燃烧,且排气流入入口42并进入腔室43。这两个热气流沿径向通过水管41的相邻螺旋圈之间的间隙,进入外部环形腔室51并形成混合流。然后,该混合流如箭头52所示经水管41流回到第一端附近。因此,流入的水一开始就被该混合流加热。当流入的水进一步流向第二端时,就遇到来自腔室43的斯特林发动机排气并进一步被加热。最后,流入的水遇到来自辅助燃烧器17的热气,从而进行第三级的加热。
通过设置这种三级加热结构,就可有效地将水加热。另外,从图2中可看出,进行这种三级加热的结构特别紧凑,因此成本低且节省空间。

Claims (12)

1.一种家用热电联产系统,其包括一斯特林发动机和一水加热器,其中,斯特林发动机布置成可由供有可燃气体的第一燃烧器进行加热,该组件还包括一排气管道,该排气管道从斯特林发动机行进并与进入第一燃烧器的可燃气体的入口相接触,以便对进入第一燃烧器的可燃气体进行预热,然后对由水加热器进行辅助加热的水进行加热。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其特征在于,所述系统布置成在水加热器的上游利用排气对水进行加热。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统,其特征在于,所述辅助水加热器是一第二燃烧器。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的系统,其特征在于,系统这样设置,以便一旦所述排气和来自辅助燃烧器的气体将热量传递给水,所述排气和来自辅助燃烧器的气体就形成一混合流,且该混合流能够在排气上游对水进行加热。
5.根据前述任意一项权利要求所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括一斯特林发动机冷却器,以便在排气加热的上游对水进行加热。
6.一种用于操纵家用热电联产组件的方法,其包括:从第一燃烧器向斯特林发动机供应热量;使来自离开斯特林发动机的排气流与供给第一燃烧器的可燃气体流进行热交换;以及,然后从第一燃烧器流过的排气与水进行热交换,并在水加热器中对预热的水进行进一步的加热。
7.一种用于加热流体的加热装置,该装置包括:一外壳;一位于外壳内并朝向其外周边且围绕外壳的中心轴线螺旋卷绕的导管,以便将流体从外壳的第一端输送到外壳的第二端;一位于外壳内并靠近第二端的辅助燃烧器,所述导管包围着该辅助燃烧器,以便将热量传递给所述导管的一第一部分中的流体;一用于来自外部热源的热气的入口,入口的被构造成可将热气沿径向向外引导到比导管的第一部分更靠近外壳第一端的导管的一第二部分上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,所述入口布置成基本上可防止来自辅助燃烧器的气体与来自外部热源的热气发生混合,至少直到它们都经过螺旋卷绕的导管时为止。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的装置,其特征在于,一旦所述这两个气流初始地将一些热量传递给导管,它们就形成一混合气流,且该混合气流围绕着比导管的第二部分更靠近第一端的导管的第三部分经过。
10.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其特征在于,设置一密封件来防止来自辅助燃烧器的气体与外部热源的热气在导管径向向内发生混合。
11.根据权利要求7-10中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,导管的每个螺旋圈在中心轴线方向是平的,从而在横截面上,其径向尺寸大于其轴向尺寸。
12.根据权利要求7-11中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,导管的相邻螺旋圈相互靠近或相互邻接。
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