CN108686026B - 一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108686026B CN108686026B CN201810826382.1A CN201810826382A CN108686026B CN 108686026 B CN108686026 B CN 108686026B CN 201810826382 A CN201810826382 A CN 201810826382A CN 108686026 B CN108686026 B CN 108686026B
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- liquorice
- platycodon grandiflorum
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒及其制备方法，涉及中药技术领域，其原料按重量份包括：甘草20‑30份、桔梗20‑30份、紫苏15‑23份、桑叶7‑14份、橘皮6‑12份、山楂5‑10份、菊花8‑15份、枇杷叶5‑10份、龙眼肉3‑6份、鱼腥草10‑16份。本发明精选天然植物甘草、桔梗、紫苏、桑叶、橘皮、山楂、菊花、枇杷叶、龙眼肉、鱼腥草为原料，采用水提、渗漉、酶解滤渣等方法，最大程度上提取药材中的有效成分，该颗粒剂配方科学，具有清热利咽、止咳化痰、润肺益气的功效，可用于肺热咳嗽、咳嗽痰黄、气逆喘急、烦热口渴、咽喉瘙痒肿痛等症，显示确切和良好的疗效，尤其适用于治疗儿童咳嗽，且所选原料均为药食同源材料，质量稳定，可安心长期食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
咳嗽是呼吸道疾病最常见的一种症状。西医认为，咳嗽主要是由上呼吸道感染、支气管炎、肺炎或喉炎引起。中医认为，咳嗽是因外感六淫，脏腑内伤，影响于肺所致有声有痰之症，“咳谓无痰而有声，肺气伤而不清也；嗽是无声而有痰，脾湿动而为痰也。咳嗽谓有痰而有声，盖因伤于肺气动于脾湿，咳而为嗽也”。因外邪犯肺，或脏腑内伤，累及于肺所致。目前，市场上常见的清热止咳药物大都是西药，但存在副作用大，长久服用对人体有一定的损伤，尤其不适用儿童长期服用。中医认为咳嗽之症，病位在肺，一般是以清肺化痰为主，且由于组方等原因，效果残差不齐，不甚理想。因此，有必要开发一种药效安全、副作用小、疗效好的清热止咳药物，可以被儿童患者使用。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明提出了一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒及其制备方法，该颗粒剂可用于肺热咳嗽、咳嗽痰黄、气逆喘急、烦热口渴、咽喉瘙痒肿痛等症，显示确切和良好的疗效，尤其适用于治疗儿童咳嗽，可安心长期食用。
本发明提出的一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其原料按重量份包括：甘草20-30份、桔梗20-30份、紫苏15-23份、桑叶7-14份、橘皮6-12份、山楂5-10份、菊花8-15份、枇杷叶5-10份、龙眼肉3-6份、鱼腥草10-16份。
优选地，所述枇杷叶为蜜枇杷叶。
本发明还提出了上述用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将甘草、桔梗、桑叶、山楂、鱼腥草粉碎，混合，加水煎煮提取，过滤，得水提液和滤渣a；
S2、将紫苏、橘皮、菊花、批把叶粉碎，混合，加入70％乙醇溶液浸渍，然后采用70％乙醇溶液渗漉，收集渗漉液，滤渣b备用；
S3、将滤渣a和滤渣b混合，加入水，再加入纤维素酶，酶解，离心，得酶解液，灭活；
S4、将水提液和酶解液混合，减压浓缩至相对密度为1.03-1.07的清膏，加入乙醇调节含醇量至65-70％，过滤，得精提液；
S5、将龙眼肉超微粉碎成龙眼粉；
S6、将精提液和醇提液混合，减压浓缩，喷雾干燥，加入龙眼粉，混合均匀，得主药；
S7、向主药中加入辅料，混合，再加入粘合剂，制粒，即得用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒。
优选地，所述S1中，加药材初始质量的5-10倍水煎煮提取1-3h。
优选地，所述S2中，加药材初始质量的2-3倍的70％乙醇溶液浸渍15-20h。
优选地，所述S2中，采用70％乙醇溶液渗漉，乙醇溶液与药材初始质量的重量比为3-5：1，渗漉时间为7-10h。
优选地，所述S3中，加入药材初始质量的4-7倍水，药材初始质量的0.5-1％的纤维素酶，调节pH至4-4.5，在40-45℃下酶解提取1-2h，离心，得酶解液，调节pH至中性，灭活。
优选地，所述S6中，主药、辅料、粘结剂的重量比为2：2-3：0.2-0.3。
优选地，所述辅料包括以下重量份的原料：蔗糖80-90份、葡萄糖10-20份；优选地，所述粘结剂为聚乙二醇。
本发明中各原料药材的功效如下：
甘草：性平，味甘，归心经、胃经、脾经、肺经，具有补脾益气、止咳祛痰、缓急定痛、调和药性的功效，治疗脾胃虚弱、中气不足、咳嗽气喘、痈疽疮毒、腹中挛急作痛、缓和药物烈性、解药毒。
桔梗：性平，味苦、辛，归肺经，具有宣肺祛痰、利咽排脓的功效，用于治疗咳嗽痰多、胸膈满闷、咽痛音哑、肺疽吐脓；药理试验表明，桔梗的根、茎、叶、花和果实均有非常显著的祛痰作用。
紫苏：性温，味辛，归肺经、脾经，具有解表散寒，行气和胃的功效，用于风寒感冒，咳嗽呕恶；药理试验表明，紫苏具有镇静及较弱的解热作用，能促进消化液分泌，增强胃肠蠕动，对呼吸系统可产生止咳祛痰平喘作用，能调节机体免疫功能，具有广谱的抗菌作用。
桑叶：性寒，味甘、苦，归肺经、肝经，具有疏散风热、清肺润燥、清肝明目的功效，用治风热感冒、肺热燥咳、头晕头痛、目赤昏花。药理试验表明，桑叶有抑菌、利尿、降压等作用。
橘皮：味辛、味苦，性温，归脾经、肺经，具有理气开胃，燥湿化痰，治脾胃病的功效，用治胸脘胀满、食少呕吐、咳嗽痰多。药理试验表明，橘皮有调整消化系统，平喘祛痰，增强免疫功能，抗炎，能促进唾液、胃液等消化液分泌和消除肠内积气等作用。
山楂：性微温，味酸、甘，归脾经、胃经、肝经，具有消食健脾、润肺益气的功效，治疗肉食积滞、小儿乳积、脘腹胀痛、痢疾、泄泻、痛经、产后瘀血腹痛、高血脂症等。
菊花：性微寒，味甘、苦，归肺经、肝经，具有散风清热、平肝明目的功效，用治风热感冒、头痛眩晕、目赤肿痛、眼目昏花；药理研究表明，菊花具有抗菌、扩张冠脉、增加冠脉流量、提高心肌耗氧量等作用。
枇杷叶：味苦，性微寒，归肺经、胃经，具有清肺止咳、降逆止呕的功效，用治肺热咳嗽、气逆喘急、胃热呕逆、烦热口渴；药理试验表明，枇杷叶对呼吸中枢有镇静、平喘、镇咳作用。
龙眼肉：性温，味甘，归心经、脾经，具有补益心脾、养血安神的功效，用治肺阴亏虚、肺失润降而致干咳、痰少黏白、声音嘶哑、口干咽燥等；药理试验表明，龙眼肉有抑菌、镇静、健胃、抗疲劳等作用。
鱼腥草：性微寒，味辛，归肺经，具有清热解毒、消痈排脓、利尿通淋的功效，用治肺脓疡、痰热咳嗽、肺炎、水肿、脚气、尿路感染、白带过多、痈肿疮毒、热痢、热淋。药理研究表明，鱼腥草有抗菌、抗病毒、免疫增强及利尿作用。
有益效果：本发明精选天然植物甘草、桔梗、紫苏、桑叶、橘皮、山楂、菊花、枇杷叶、龙眼肉、鱼腥草为原料，采用水提、渗漉、酶解滤渣等方法，最大程度上提取药材中的有效成分，该颗粒剂配方科学，以甘草和桔梗为君药，紫苏、桑叶、菊花、枇杷叶为臣药，橘皮、鱼腥草为佐药，山楂和龙眼肉为使药，具有清热利咽、止咳化痰、润肺益气的功效，可用于肺热咳嗽、咳嗽痰黄、气逆喘急、烦热口渴、咽喉瘙痒肿痛等症，显示确切和良好的疗效，尤其适用于治疗儿童咳嗽，且所选原料均为药食同源材料，质量稳定，可安心长期食用。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
本发明提出的一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其原料按重量份包括：甘草20份、桔梗20份、紫苏23份、桑叶14份、橘皮6份、山楂5份、菊花15份、蜜枇杷叶10份、龙眼肉3份、鱼腥草16份。
本发明还提出了上述用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将甘草、桔梗、桑叶、山楂、鱼腥草粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的5倍水煎煮提取1h，过滤，得水提液和滤渣a；
S2、将紫苏、橘皮、菊花、批把叶粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的2倍的70％乙醇溶液浸渍15h，然后采用70％乙醇溶液渗漉，乙醇溶液与药材初始质量的重量比为3：1，渗漉时间为7h，收集渗漉液，滤渣b备用；
S3、将滤渣a和滤渣b混合，加入药材初始质量的4倍水，药材初始质量的0.5％的纤维素酶，调节pH至4，在40℃下酶解提取1h，离心，得酶解液，调节pH至中性，灭活；
S4、将水提液和酶解液混合，减压浓缩至相对密度为1.03的清膏，加入乙醇调节含醇量至65％，过滤，得精提液；
S5、将龙眼肉超微粉碎成龙眼粉；
S6、将精提液和醇提液混合，减压浓缩，喷雾干燥，加入龙眼粉，混合均匀，得主药；
S7、向主药中加入辅料，混合，再加入粘合剂聚乙二醇，主药、辅料、粘结剂的重量比为2：2：0.2，其中，辅料包括以下重量份的原料：蔗糖80份、葡萄糖20份，制粒，即得用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒。
实施例2
本发明提出的一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其原料按重量份包括：甘草30份、桔梗30份、紫苏15份、桑叶7份、橘皮12份、山楂10份、菊花8份、蜜枇杷叶5份、龙眼肉6份、鱼腥草10份。
本发明还提出了上述用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将甘草、桔梗、桑叶、山楂、鱼腥草粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的10倍水煎煮提取3h，过滤，得水提液和滤渣a；
S2、将紫苏、橘皮、菊花、批把叶粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的3倍的70％乙醇溶液浸渍20h，然后采用70％乙醇溶液渗漉，乙醇溶液与药材初始质量的重量比为5：1，渗漉时间为10h，收集渗漉液，滤渣b备用；
S3、将滤渣a和滤渣b混合，加入药材初始质量的7倍水，药材初始质量的1％的纤维素酶，调节pH至4.5，在45℃下酶解提取2h，离心，得酶解液，调节pH至中性，灭活；
S4、将水提液和酶解液混合，减压浓缩至相对密度为1.07的清膏，加入乙醇调节含醇量至70％，过滤，得精提液；
S5、将龙眼肉超微粉碎成龙眼粉；
S6、将精提液和醇提液混合，减压浓缩，喷雾干燥，加入龙眼粉，混合均匀，得主药；
S7、向主药中加入辅料，混合，再加入粘合剂聚乙二醇，主药、辅料、粘结剂的重量比为2：3：0.3，其中，辅料包括以下重量份的原料：蔗糖90份、葡萄糖10份，制粒，即得用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒。
实施例3
本发明提出的一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其原料按重量份包括：甘草24份、桔梗27份、紫苏18份、桑叶10份、橘皮10份、山楂7份、菊花12份、蜜枇杷叶7份、龙眼肉5份、鱼腥草15份。
本发明还提出了上述用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将甘草、桔梗、桑叶、山楂、鱼腥草粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的7倍水煎煮提取1.5h，过滤，得水提液和滤渣a；
S2、将紫苏、橘皮、菊花、批把叶粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的2倍的70％乙醇溶液浸渍16h，然后采用70％乙醇溶液渗漉，乙醇溶液与药材初始质量的重量比为5：1，渗漉时间为8h，收集渗漉液，滤渣b备用；
S3、将滤渣a和滤渣b混合，加入药材初始质量的5倍水，药材初始质量的0.7％的纤维素酶，调节pH至4，在40℃下酶解提取1.5h，离心，得酶解液，调节pH至中性，灭活；
S4、将水提液和酶解液混合，减压浓缩至相对密度为1.04的清膏，加入乙醇调节含醇量至67％，过滤，得精提液；
S5、将龙眼肉超微粉碎成龙眼粉；
S6、将精提液和醇提液混合，减压浓缩，喷雾干燥，加入龙眼粉，混合均匀，得主药；
S7、向主药中加入辅料，混合，再加入粘合剂聚乙二醇，主药、辅料、粘结剂的重量比为2：2.4：0.22，其中，辅料包括以下重量份的原料：蔗糖85份、葡萄糖15份，制粒，即得用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，5g/袋。
实施例4
本发明提出的一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其原料按重量份包括：甘草25份、桔梗25份、紫苏20份、桑叶9份、橘皮9份、山楂8份、菊花10份、蜜枇杷叶8份、龙眼肉4份、鱼腥草13份。
本发明还提出了上述用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将甘草、桔梗、桑叶、山楂、鱼腥草粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的8倍水煎煮提取2h，过滤，得水提液和滤渣a；
S2、将紫苏、橘皮、菊花、批把叶粉碎，混合，加药材初始质量的2.5倍的70％乙醇溶液浸渍18h，然后采用70％乙醇溶液渗漉，乙醇溶液与药材初始质量的重量比为4：1，渗漉时间为9h，收集渗漉液，滤渣b备用；
S3、将滤渣a和滤渣b混合，加入药材初始质量的6倍水，药材初始质量的0.7％的纤维素酶，调节pH至4.5，在45℃下酶解提取1.5h，离心，得酶解液，调节pH至中性，灭活；
S4、将水提液和酶解液混合，减压浓缩至相对密度为1.05的清膏，加入乙醇调节含醇量至70％，过滤，得精提液；
S5、将龙眼肉超微粉碎成龙眼粉；
S6、将精提液和醇提液混合，减压浓缩，喷雾干燥，加入龙眼粉，混合均匀，得主药；
S7、向主药中加入辅料，混合，再加入粘合剂聚乙二醇，主药、辅料、粘结剂的重量比为2：2.7：0.25，其中，辅料包括以下重量份的原料：蔗糖87份、葡萄糖13份，制粒，即得用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，5g/袋。
本发明制备的用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒用于小儿肺热咳嗽。
1、病例选择：选择收治的肺热咳嗽患儿200例，患者年龄为5个月至12岁，病程为1-14天，多数为痰多咳嗽，均符合小儿肺热咳嗽的诊断标准，可以确诊为小儿肺热咳嗽。将其分为2组，实验组和对照组，每组100人，两组无显著性差异。
2、药物选择：实验组服用本发明实施例4中制备的用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，开水冲服，三周岁以下每次半袋，一日三次，三周岁以上每次1袋，一日三次，七周岁以上一次2袋，一日三次；对照组服用葵花小儿肺热咳喘颗粒，开水冲服，三周岁以下一次3g，一日3次，三周岁以上一次3g，一日4次，七周岁以上一次6g，一日3次。3天为1个疗程，服药期间忌饮生冷、燥热食物，连续送服1-2个疗程观察疗效。
3、疗效判定：
(1)治愈：体温正常，咳嗽症状消失，血常规检查正常。
(2)好转：体温正常，咳嗽症状明显好转，血常规检查指标接近正常。
(3)无效：咳嗽症状无明显改善或加重。
4、结果：
| 治愈/人 | 好转/人 | 无效/人 | 有效率/％ | |
| 实验组 | 84 | 15 | 1 | 99 |
| 对照组 | 81 | 17 | 2 | 98 |
经临床治疗，对照观察看出，本发明的用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒用于镇咳、祛痰，效果确切，在治疗中，未发现任何毒副作用。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其特征在于，其原料按重量份由以下组分组成：甘草20-30份、桔梗20-30份、紫苏15-23份、桑叶7-14份、橘皮6-12份、山楂5-10份、菊花8-15份、枇杷叶5-10份、龙眼肉3-6份、鱼腥草10-16份；
其中所述用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1、将甘草、桔梗、桑叶、山楂、鱼腥草粉碎，混合，加水煎煮提取，过滤，得水提液和滤渣a；
S2、将紫苏、橘皮、菊花、批把叶粉碎，混合，加入70%乙醇溶液浸渍，然后采用70%乙醇溶液渗漉，收集渗漉液，滤渣b备用；
S3、将滤渣a和滤渣b混合，加入水，再加入纤维素酶，酶解，离心，得酶解液，灭活；
S4、将水提液和酶解液混合，减压浓缩至相对密度为1.03-1.07的清膏，加入乙醇调节含醇量至65-70%，过滤，得精提液；
S5、将龙眼肉超微粉碎成龙眼粉；
S6、将精提液和醇提液混合，减压浓缩，喷雾干燥，加入龙眼粉，混合均匀，得主药；
S7、向主药中加入辅料，混合，再加入粘合剂，制粒，即得用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒；
所述S1中，加药材初始质量的5-10倍水煎煮提取1-3h；
所述S2中，加药材初始质量的2-3倍的70%乙醇溶液浸渍15-20h；
所述S2中，采用70%乙醇溶液渗漉，乙醇溶液与药材初始质量的重量比为3-5：1，渗漉时间为7-10h；
所述S3中，加入药材初始质量的4-7倍水，药材初始质量的0.5-1%的纤维素酶，调节pH至4-4.5，在40-45℃下酶解提取1-2h，离心，得酶解液，调节pH至中性，灭活；
所述S6中，主药、辅料、粘结剂的重量比为2：2-3：0.2-0.3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其特征在于，所述枇杷叶为蜜枇杷叶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其特征在于，所述辅料包含以下重量份的原料：蔗糖80-90份、葡萄糖10-20份。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于肺热咳嗽的甘草桔梗颗粒，其特征在于，所述粘结剂为聚乙二醇。
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