CN108651180A - A kind of promotion newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest - Google Patents
A kind of promotion newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest Download PDFInfo
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- CN108651180A CN108651180A CN201810524506.0A CN201810524506A CN108651180A CN 108651180 A CN108651180 A CN 108651180A CN 201810524506 A CN201810524506 A CN 201810524506A CN 108651180 A CN108651180 A CN 108651180A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of promotion newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is main including plantation measures and site preparation, the selecting of female bamboo, after female bamboo transport, plantation and plantation bamboo grove management, it is characterised in that careless earthworm system is implanted into plantation.Using the system, soil-ripening is rapid, soil physico-chemical property be improved significantly, the surrival rate of afforestation is improved, and greatly improves the quantity of Hsinchu, also has facilitation to the raising of ground diameter, it realizes and quickly grows into forest, the time that can grow into forest than general planting closing shortens 25 years.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of afforestation technologies more particularly to a kind of promotion newly to make the ecological cultivation skill that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest
Art.
Background technology
Bamboo is a kind of plant for belonging to grass family Bambusoideae (Bambusadea), is a kind of important fast-growing forest money
Source, excellent garden plants.There is apparent merogenesis in the stem of bamboo plant cross growth in soil, takes root on section, saves side
Have bud, can sprout and be new subterranean stem or hair bamboo shoot be unearthed into bamboo.Containing there are many amino acid and trace element, nutrition in bamboo shoots
Family thinks the health food that bamboo shoots are natural, its fiber content is high, and fat content is low, can promote gastrointestinal disturbances and excretion, often feeding
Bamboo shoots can reduce the delay and absorption of harmful substance in vivo, have effects that give protection against cancer and lose weight.As yellow oldham bamboo, Fang Zhu, green bamboo,
The high-quality Shoot bamboo such as Ph. bambusoides, bamboo shoots not only delicious flavour, full of nutrition, and also it is higher to manage reasonable production, and it is deep by common people
It welcomes.In Jiangnan, many peasant households are using bamboo as the most important revenue source of family.In the plantation of bamboo, good bamboo shoot are used
For bamboo kind because its bamboo shoot quality is good, high financial profit becomes the easy-to-sell goods of farmer.But three to five are usually required after bamboo afforestation
Year could go into operation, and the period depends primarily on method of forestation, the density of plantation, bamboo kind, soil regime and Management pattern.Its
In, soil regime, which not only influences the survival rate of plantation, more influences its sends out whip hair bamboo shoot ability, grows into forest speed to influence forest land closing
With bamboo grove quality.
In order to promote bamboo quickly to grow into forest, following cultivation technique is mainly used at present：（1）Improve the density of plantation；（2）Selection
Soil layer is deep and the preferable bamboo grove of soil fertility；（3）Afforestation the previous year digs mountain site preparation comprehensively, applies organic fertilizer；（4）Afforestation
It carries out crown canopy processing every year afterwards and applies fertilizer；This method has as a drawback that：A large amount of manpower and financial resources is expended, cost of forestation is high,
Fertility utilization rate is low, and soil regime improves limited extent, be easy to cause soil erosion, rainwash increases, or even causes waters
Pollution.
Earthworm is one of most important soil macro-invertebrate in terrestrial ecosystems, is referred to as " ecological systems engineering teacher ",
The terrestrial earthworm about more than 4000 of whole world record is planted（China has 306 kinds）.Earthworm is movable by feeding and metabolism etc., by Litter-fall
And soil particle is changed into after the wormcast organic matter with good aeration, drainage and high water-holding capacity eaten by earthworm, warp
Digestion forms the crumb structure that soda acid is neutral, aqueous vapor reconciles, hole is big, not only containing the macroelement needed for plant, and is rich in
A large amount of microorganisms and organic matter, can be obviously improved the physicochemical property of soil, increase soil nutrient, organic matter and soil enzymatic activities
Property, and have water conservation, fertilizer conservation performance, be suitable for crop growthing development.Wormcast may also suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria, control disease
Evil.
Earthworm constantly gets into the cave and gulps down in length and breadth native defecation, and barren hardened soil is made to become loose porous, venting and water permeable, protects
Moisture in the soil is fertile and can promote the vegetable soil of crop root growth, achievees the effect that Till-free, can increase soil fertility and
It can reduce labor intensity.Macrovoid (cave), the middle microvoid (excreta) of earthworm movement formation can be effectively increased soil
Porosity and aeration help to improve microbial microenvironment, promote growth and breeding.Simultaneously earthworm by feeding, crushing,
The activities such as mixing make complicated organic matter be changed into the available form of microorganism, and for the existence of edaphon provide nutrient with
Energy promotes microbial reproduction, increases the quantity of microorganism.Increase the contact area of edaphon and organic matter simultaneously, promotees
Into microorganism to the mineralization of organic matter, the critical process such as carbon in soil, nitrogen, phosphorus Nutrient Cycling are had an impact, maintain soil
The cycle of the elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus in earth.Therefore, earthworm not only facilitates soil physics structure and change in soil ecosystem
The improvement of property is learned, and edaphon can be regulated and controled and then effectively activate entire soil ecosystem, improves geobiont
Fertility promotes soil nutrient cycle.But earthworm is less in bamboo grove, is cultivated especially by engineering when making, original table soil is seriously broken
It is bad, newly roll up the barren soil come, soil agreegate is seriously damaged, and edaphon and soil animal quantity are few, almost
Without earthworm movement, soil texture is hardened, fertility is low, and in the field planting, the surrival rate of afforestation is low, and closing time of growing into forest usually wants 5-
10 years, the period was long, slowly effect, low output.
Invention content
In order to solve the problems, such as background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of promotion, newly to make bamboo grove rapid-result soon
The ecological cultivation technology of woods quickly improves PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL, improves speed of growing into forest, and shortens production time and promotes the increasing of yield
Add.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realize：
A kind of promotion newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, main including plantation measures and site preparation, the choosing of female bamboo
Select, after the transport of female bamboo, plantation and plantation bamboo grove management, it is characterised in that：Careless earthworm system has been used cooperatively when plantation；Institute
It is to be implanted with the Trifolium repense system that earthworm is bred in lower part in systems in system top kind using matrix to state careless earthworm system.
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：The implantation methods
It is as follows：
1）Repair cave：The size and depth of finishing kind plant hole ensure that the length of kind of plant hole in the horizontal direction is longer than female bamboo bamboo whip length
10cm or more, depth depth 5-10cm of the depth than female bamboo suitable planting；
2）Backfill composite soil：The soil dug when repairing cave is added and expands whip matrix, obtains composite soil；Composite soil is first inserted into kind of a plant hole
Bottom, filling thickness are 5-10cm；The whip matrix that expands is the substance that careless earthworm system obtains after evenly mixing；
3）Female bamboo kind is planted：Female bamboo bamboo root and stem of certain plants is placed in kind of plant hole, female bamboo whip is paid attention in the horizontal direction, is placed in and is filled with composite soil
Top, then with mixing earthen backfill, layering is steady and sure, and root whip is made to touch with soil, thickness of earth-fill cover buried part depth 3- originally than female bamboo
5cm, top are trained into steamed bun shape；
4）Uniformly increase excavation shape in the forest land for not planting bamboo after the plant of female bamboo kind and expand whip cave, careless earthworm system is implanted into expanding whip cave
System is used in combination timbered soil to backfill cave gap；Preferably, the mother bamboo presses 4 with whip cave is expanded:1 proportional arrangement.
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：The careless earthworm system
System includes the incubator being made of bottom plate and side plate, and water conservation layer, straw layer, earthworm are equipped with successively from bottom to up in the incubator
Layer, earthworm excrement layer and hypothallus；It is additionally provided with commissioning pipe in the incubator.
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：The side plate is
Ming tree lipid materials are made, and bottom plate is made for wood materials, between the adjacent side plates use hinge connection, side plate with
Connection fixed by snap between bottom plate；The incubator size is：Length × width × height is respectively 60cm × 60cm × 70cm；Institute
It states and is equipped with water-permeable and air permeable hole on bottom plate and side plate；The water-permeable and air permeable bore dia is 0.1-0.3cm, by 1 cm × 1cm spacing
It is uniformly distributed.
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：Being retained layer thickness is
10cm；Straw layer thickness is 2-3cm；Earthworm layer thickness is 20-25cm；Earthworm excrement layer thickness is 1-2cm；Matrix layer thickness is 10-
15cm。
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：The water conservation layer material
Material is sand in the cleaning of addition water-retaining agent, and water-retaining agent is added for 5 ‰ -8 ‰ amount by mass percentage, and the water-retaining agent is matched
Fang Wei：The acrylamide of 65%-66%；The potassium acrylate of 23%-24%；The water of 8%-10%；The crosslinking agent of 0.5%-1.0%；The guarantor
The preparation method of water layer is：It after middle sand and water-retaining agent are fully mixed thoroughly in proportion and sprinkles profoundly water, after water-retaining agent suctions water, paves
Enter incubator bottom.
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：The earthworm layer system
It is as method：By the vegetables of crushing, melon and fruit peel, waste bacterium rod, cow dung in mass ratio 1:1:1:1 mixes well, and after decomposed, paves
Arrive the upper surface of straw layer, each incubator is inoculated with 30-40 earthworm, and earthworm type is dwelt type by table：It dwells type=2 deeply:1 ratio.
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：The hypothallus
Matrix formulations are：It is the compound of the organic fertilizer+5% of the rural area soil+10% of the vermiculite+30% of 50% peat+5% by mass percentage
Fertilizer；Trifolium repense is planted in the hypothallus, specific method is：Selection to by the end of April or mid or late September, is broadcast in hypothallus by the end of March
Kind Trifolium repense seed；Seed soaking 12 hours is carried out to seed with clear water before sowing, is sowed after 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate is used in combination；
Uniform broadcasting, the grain weight that each incubator broadcasts sowing are 1-2g；Before after planting emerging, a kind of farm tools is harrowed in time, is emerged with profit；Clover seedling
Phase, seedling stage, which should intertill, to weed with a hoe 1 ~ 2 time, and reinforces water and fertilizer management easily by weed infestation, timely pest control harm.
The ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest newly is made in a kind of promotion, it is characterised in that：In the commissioning pipe
Lower part is equipped with arched door shaped opening；The opening is 2-4, and ring-type is uniformly distributed；The bottom of the tube that feeds intake is placed in above straw layer；
The height of commissioning pipe is 40cm, nozzle diameter 15-18cm；The height of arched door shaped opening be 20-30cm, width 4-6cm, often
A incubator is equipped with 4 commissioning pipes.
A kind of careless earthworm system for improving bamboo grove PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL, it is characterised in that the careless earthworm system includes the bottom of by
The incubator that plate and side plate are constituted is equipped with water conservation layer, straw layer, earthworm layer, earthworm excrement layer in the incubator successively from bottom to up
And hypothallus；It is additionally provided with commissioning pipe in the incubator；The side plate is made for clear resinous materials, and bottom plate is wooden
Material is made, and hinge connection, connection fixed by snap between side plate and bottom plate are used between the adjacent side plates；The training
Supporting case size is：Length × width × height is respectively 60cm × 60cm × 70cm；Water-permeable and air permeable hole is equipped on the bottom plate and side plate；
The water-permeable and air permeable bore dia is 0.1-0.3cm, is uniformly distributed by 1 cm × 1cm spacing；The water conservation layer thickness is 10cm；Rice
Grass layer thickness is 2-3cm；Earthworm layer thickness is 20-25cm；Earthworm excrement layer thickness is 1-2cm；Matrix layer thickness is 10-15cm；
The water conservation layer material is sand in the cleaning for add water-retaining agent, and water-retaining agent is 5 ‰ -8 ‰ amount progress by mass percentage
Addition, the water conservation agent prescription are：The acrylamide of 65%-66%；The potassium acrylate of 23%-24%；The water of 8%-10%；0.5%-
1.0% crosslinking agent；It is described water conservation layer preparation method be：It after middle sand and water-retaining agent are fully mixed thoroughly in proportion and sprinkles profoundly water, waits for
After water-retaining agent suctions water, pave into incubator bottom；The earthworm layer manufacturing method thereof is：By the vegetables of crushing, melon and fruit peel, useless bacterium
Stick, cow dung in mass ratio 1:1:1:1 mixes well, and after decomposed, pave and arrives the upper surface of straw layer, and each incubator is inoculated with 30-
40 earthworms, earthworm type are dwelt type by table：It dwells type=2 deeply:1 ratio；The matrix formulations of the hypothallus are：By quality percentage
Than the composite fertilizer of the organic fertilizer+5% of the rural area soil+10% of the vermiculite+30% of the peat+5% for 50%；Plantation is white in the hypothallus
Three leaves, specific method are：Selection to by the end of April or mid or late September, sows Trifolium repense seed in hypothallus by the end of March；It is used before sowing
Clear water carries out seed soaking 12 hours to seed, is sowed after 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate is used in combination；Uniform broadcasting, each incubator are spread
The grain weight broadcast is 1-2g；Before after planting emerging, a kind of farm tools is harrowed in time, is emerged with profit；Clover seedling stage, seedling stage answered easily by weed infestation
Intertillage weeds with a hoe 1 ~ 2 time, and reinforces water and fertilizer management, timely pest control harm；The commissioning pipe middle and lower part is equipped with arched door shape
Opening；The opening is 2-4, and ring-type is uniformly distributed；The bottom of the tube that feeds intake is placed in above straw layer；The height of commissioning pipe is
40cm, nozzle diameter 15-18cm；The height of arched door shaped opening is 20-30cm, and width 4-6cm, each incubator is equipped with 4
A commissioning pipe.
Above-mentioned careless earthworm system, has the advantages that：（1）Trifolium repense lateral root and fibrous root are flourishing, and growth is rapid, on the ground
Biomass is big, and dead root system and Litter-fall can provide required food for lower layer earthworm.（2）Lower layer's earthworm movement can be Trifolium repense
Growth create better soil fertility, improve soil physical chemistry.（3）Water conservation layer can be that whole system preserves moisture when rainy,
Moisture, humidity of the guarantee whole system in summer are provided in Continuous Drought.（4）The system side plate can Reusability, system number
Amount can be according to forest land area size and demand flexible configuration, while Trifolium repense and earthworm pass through according to the system position
Ground is constantly spread to periphery forest land, so that with gradually improving entire bamboo grove soil regime, forms bamboo, grass, fertilizer, water in bamboo grove
The ecosystem of benign cycle, it is friendly to environment and water body, it avoids covering afforestation soil erosion using a large amount of chemical fertilizer or artificial cultivate,
Water pollution.（5）Using the system, soil-ripening is rapid, soil physico-chemical property be improved significantly, improve afforestation and survive
Rate, and the quantity of Hsinchu is greatly improved, also there is facilitation to the raising of ground diameter, realizes and quickly grow into forest, it can be than conventional kind
Plant closing grow into forest the time shorten 2-5.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the configuration mode figure of afforestation female bamboo and careless earthworm system in forest land；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of incubator in careless earthworm system；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of careless earthworm system；
Fig. 4 is longitudinal schematic cross-sectional view of careless earthworm system；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of commissioning pipe in careless earthworm system；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram after the expansion of incubator side plate；
In figure：1- bottom plates；2- side plates；3- commissioning pipes；3-1- arched door shaped openings；4- Trifolium repenses；5- water-permeable and air permeables hole；A- is retained
Layer；B- straw layers；C- earthworm layers；D- earthworm excrement layers；E- hypothallus；The rectangular caves M-；K- district's groups.
Specific implementation mode
1-6 is described in further details the present invention below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1：The preparation of careless earthworm system, includes the following steps：
（1）The rectangular incubator that length × width × height is 60cm × 60cm × 70cm is made first（See Fig. 2）, i.e. incubator includes 1
Block bottom plate 1 and 4 blocks of side plates 2, side plate are clear resinous materials, and the adjacent each face of side plate 2 uses hinge connection, wherein at least there is one
A hinge can be dismantled, and realize that side plate can be unfolded（See Fig. 6）Certainly, also can be equal by the hinge design between adjacent each side
Detachably, 4 blocks of independent front, rear, left and right side plate is obtained after dismounting；Bottom plate 1 is wood material, and each face uses hinge connection；Side
Connection fixed by snap between plate 2 and bottom plate 1；Bottom plate 1 is disposable, and side plate 2 is repeatable to be utilized；On side plate and bottom plate
The water-permeable and air permeable hole 5 of a diameter of 0.1-0.3cm is uniformly distributed by 1 cm × 1cm spacing.
（2）Select clean middle sand, the water-retaining agent that addition mass percent is 5 ‰ -8 ‰（Polyacrylamide, mainly at
It is divided into：Acrylamide 65%-66%+ potassium acrylate 23%-24%+ water 8%-10%+ crosslinking agent 0.5%-1.0%, mass percent）, fill
Divide after mixing thoroughly and sprinkle profoundly water, after water-retaining agent suctions water, paves into cuboid incubator bottom, thickness 10cm is as retained
Layer A；One layer of straw 2-3cm, i.e. straw layer B are uniformly spread out and put on above water conservation layer A（See Fig. 3, Fig. 4）.
（3）It will crush in advance（Particle size≤0.5cm）Vegetables, melon and fruit peel, waste bacterium rod, cow dung（Each 25%, mass ratio）
It mixes well, after decomposed, inserts the upper surface of the straw that paved, thickness 20-25cm is inserted into commissioning pipe 3 in the layer（See figure
5）, directly commissioning pipe 3 can be also placed on straw layer after having spread straw layer；3 middle and lower part of commissioning pipe is equipped with arched door shaped opening,
So as to earthworm disengaging and feeding；Opening is preferably provided 2-4, and ring-type is uniformly distributed；The size of commissioning pipe is preferably designed as：
Height 40cm, nozzle diameter 15-18cm, the height of arched door shaped opening is 20-30cm, width 4-6cm.Then in each training
It supports case and is inoculated with 30-40 earthworm, earthworm type is dwelt type by table（Eisenia Foetida）With deep type of dwelling（William's chamber ring earthworm）2:1 ratio,
The layer is earthworm layer C.After being inoculated with earthworm, pave one layer of wormcast at an upper portion thereof, thickness 1-2cm, i.e. earthworm excrement layer D.Pay attention to
Humiture is kept, after cultivating 2-3 months, after earthworm mass propagation, into the spare maintenance stage, is periodically thrown by feeding port 3
Feeding object.In this layer, it is uniformly arranged 4 observation panels that feed intake（For supplementing earthworm and food, while playing ventilative effect）, throw
Material observation panel is made of pvc pipe, and placement position is as shown in Figure 3.
（4）By peat（50%, mass ratio）+ vermiculite（5%, mass ratio）+ rural area soil（30%, mass ratio）+ organic fertilizer（10%,
Mass ratio）+ composite fertilizer（5%, mass ratio, composite fertilizer's NPK contents each 15%）It mixes well, paves into cuboid framework top layer,
Thickness is 10-15cm, i.e. hypothallus E, keeps matrix moistening, spare.
（5）Selection is by the end of March to by the end of April（Spring is sowed）Or mid or late September（Planted in fall）White three are sowed in incubator
Leaf 4.Seed soaking 12 hours is carried out to seed with clear water before sowing, is sowed after 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate is used in combination.Uniform broadcasting,
It is 1-2g that grain weight is broadcast per frame.Before after planting emerging, a kind of farm tools is harrowed in time, is emerged with profit.Clover seedling stage is easily by weed infestation, seedling stage
It should intertill and weed with a hoe 1 ~ 2 time, and reinforce water and fertilizer management, timely pest control harm.
（6）During Trifolium repense growth maintenance, to pass through transparent framework and the observation port that feeds intake, observation earthworm layer growth in time
Situation keeps the temperature and humidity of its suitable growth, and by feeding port, foodstuff and earthworm is replenished in time.Wait for Trifolium repense cover degree
When reaching 90% or more, which may migrate in required forest land and uses.
The system can in factory, greenhouse, realize to garden that scale and mass are cultivated, application is simple and convenient, saves big
The field recruitment of amount, which can be according to orchard area size and demand, and configures different number.Side plate is repeatable to be utilized.
Embodiment 2：
It is a kind of newly to make the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, including following key link：
（1）Plantation measures are handled with forest land：Forest land selects mountainous region, is located at Lishui City Jinyun county and creates town, forest land one：Original woods
Growth has undershrub and weeds in ground, first removes the objects such as weeds, shrub, stub, stone in forest land；Forest land two：Forest land is through engineering
Technology, which is cultivated, to be made, and original table soil is destroyed, and newly rolls up the barren soil come, and soil agreegate is seriously damaged, edaphon
And soil animal quantity is few, bioactivity is low, and soil texture is hardened, fertility is low, and water holding fertilizer-preserving ability is poor, and forest land is almost exposed,
Without shrub, only minute quantity weeds.
Cave, cave specification are dug in the above forest land in afforestation month the previous year 10-11, by seeding row spacing 3m × 4m：Long × wide × deep point
Wei not be 80 × 50 × 40 centimetres, 10 kilograms of sheep manure of often spreading manuer in holes.
（2）The selection of female bamboo：Select the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2-3cm, 1-2 raw, branch is relatively low, clear bole height 1.5m or so, branches and leaves cyclopentadienyl
It contains, the yellow oldham bamboo of healthy and strong no disease and pests harm is female bamboo.When digging the mother bamboo, it should stay and carry out whip 15cm or more, preferably up to 25cm or more,
Whip 30cm or more is removed, pays attention to protecting whip bud and whip root, cuts easily damage screw.Female bamboo kicking strap foot place soil will after female bamboo has dug
Soil ball wraps up moisturizing, stays a 3-5 disks.The bamboo tip is cut, notch is smooth.
（3）Yellow oldham bamboo mother bamboo kind is planted：The female bamboo implantation time in plot one is 2 months 2016, and two implantation time of plot is 2016
March in year.
Processing one：Tradition plantation：Main points are：First, female bamboo will be planted in time after transporting to reproducing area.Second is that before plantation
It suitably to repair cave and return pad table soil, then female bamboo is put into cave, whip root is allowed to unfold naturally；Pay attention to table soil return cave, bamboo root and stem of certain plants lower part with
Pad soil contiguity, makes female bamboo root and stem of certain plants depth bury deep 3-5cm than original, then from bottom to top, back-filling in layers cave soil.The steady and sure bamboo root and stem of certain plants, makes bamboo whip
It is tightly engaged into soil.Third, to be sprinkled profoundly water when plant, then earth up into steamed bun shape.
Processing two：Improvement plantation：I.e. on the basis of tradition is planted, the expansion whip matrix of 1 medium-height grass earthworm system of embodiment is added.
Concrete operations are：1）Repair cave：The size and depth of finishing kind plant hole ensure the length of kind of plant hole in the horizontal direction than female bamboo bamboo whip
The long 10cm or more of length, depth depth 5-10cm of the depth than female bamboo suitable planting；2）Backfill composite soil：The soil that will have been dug when repairing cave
It is added and expands whip matrix, obtain composite soil；Composite soil is first inserted into kind of a plant hole bottom, filling thickness is 5-10cm；The expansion whip matrix
It is 1 medium-height grass earthworm system of embodiment when Trifolium repense cover degree reaches 90% or more, after each component in incubator is sufficiently mixed uniformly
Obtained substance is retained the mixture of layer, straw layer, earthworm layer, earthworm excrement layer, hypothallus and Trifolium repense； 3）Female bamboo kind
It plants：Female bamboo bamboo root and stem of certain plants is placed in kind of plant hole, pays attention to female bamboo whip in the horizontal direction, is placed in the top for being filled with composite soil, then with mixing
Earthen backfill is closed, layering is steady and sure, and root whip is made to touch with soil, and thickness of earth-fill cover buried part depth 3- 5cm originally than female bamboo, irrigated
Water, top are trained into steamed bun shape.The expansion whip matrix being added per cave is 5kg or so.4）The forest land of bamboo is not planted after the plant of female bamboo kind
In uniformly increase excavation shape and expand whip cave, careless earthworm system is implanted into expanding whip cave, timbered soil is used in combination to backfill cave gap；Female bamboo and expansion whip
Press 4 in cave:1 proportional arrangement（See Fig. 1）.Using upper and lower adjacent rows, totally 4 female bamboos are as a district's groups K, at the middle part of district's groups, i.e.,
With 4 cornerwise intersection points of female bamboo, excavation shape cave M need to be more than incubator size for placing careless earthworm system, the size in rectangular cave,
After careless earthworm system is implanted into rectangular cave, the buckle for connecting bottom board and side plate is unlocked, and unlock the hinge between side plate, bottom plate stays
It sets in ground, side plate is taken out, repeat and utilize；The hypothallus upper surface of careless earthworm system after implantation maintains an equal level with forest land.
（4）The management of bamboo grove：The management of bamboo grove carries out according to a conventional method after afforestation.
Pedotheque is acquired in November, 2017 forest land, the aggregate sample for layer 0-40cm that fetch earth measures the physicochemical property of soil,
The soil weight, porosity measurement use core cutter method (LY/T 1215-1999).The soil organism (potassium bichromate oxygen
Change-Outside Heating Method LY/T1237-1999), hydrolyzable nitrogen (alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method LY/T 1229-1999), available phosphorus
( NH4F-HCI extractions-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method LY/T 1233-1999), available potassium (CH3COONH4Extraction-
Flame spectrometry LY/T 236-1999).Determination of physical and chemical properties the results are shown in Table 1.
1 determination of physical and chemical properties of table
All mother bamboos and Hsinchu carry out investigation statistics in October, 2017 is to soil one and soil two, calculate the female bamboo of afforestation at
Motility rate, and Newculms and ground diameter are counted, it is counted again in May, 2018 and newly sends out the quantity of bamboo shoot in forest land and measure ground diameter, tied
Fruit is shown in Table 2.The results show that the surrival rate of afforestation can be improved using improvement plantation, the quantity of Hsinchu is greatly improved, the raising to ground diameter
Also facilitation, the increase of Newculms improve forest land Standing bamboo density, quickly grow into forest to realize.
The yellow oldham bamboo afforestation stepmother bamboo of table 2 and Hsinchu investigation statistics list position：Strain
The present invention realizes that the reason of quickly growing into forest is mainly as follows：
（1）Trifolium repense used in the present invention（Trifolium repensL）It is 10-30 centimetres high for pulse family perennial herb.
Lateral root and fibrous root are flourishing, and stem crawls to overgrow.Its wide adaptability, heat resistanceheat resistant winter resistance is strong, can the vigorous growth in acid soil, have
Good ecology and economic value.Trifolium repense growth is in great numbers, and competitiveness is strong, and resistance to half is shady, and growth is rapid, can rapid Cover forest land
Single population advantage is established on ground, prevents the growth of other weeds, reduces evaporation from topsoil.The main root of Trifolium repense and side
On root have a large amount of root nodules, the nitrogen in air can be fixed, while itself also can input organic matter to soil, promote earthworm
With the activity of edaphon, improvement soil is played, the effect increase soil fertility with utilization rate of fertilizer.
（2）Earthworm constantly gets into the cave and gulps down in length and breadth native defecation, and barren hardened soil is made to become loose porous, and ventilation is saturating
Water, preserve soil moisture vegetable soil that is fertile and can promoting crop root growth, achievees the effect that Till-free, can improve soil fertilizer
Power, and can reduce labor intensity.Earthworm makes complicated organic matter be changed into microorganism by activities such as feeding, crushing, mixing can profit
Form, and nutrient and energy are provided for the existence of edaphon, promote microbial reproduction, increases the quantity of microorganism.
Increase the contact area of edaphon and organic matter simultaneously, promote mineralization of the microorganism to organic matter, to carbon in soil,
The critical process such as nitrogen, phosphorus Nutrient Cycling have an impact, and maintain the cycle of the elements such as carbon in soil, nitrogen, phosphorus.
（3）The Trifolium repense lateral root and fibrous root of the system are flourishing, and growth is rapid, and ground biomass is big, dead root system and wither and fall
Object can provide required food for lower layer earthworm.Lower layer's earthworm movement can be that better soil fertility is created in the growth of Trifolium repense,
Improve soil physical chemistry.Middle sand+water conservation oxidant layer can be that whole system preserves moisture when rainy, and moisture is provided in Continuous Drought,
Humidity of the guarantee whole system in summer.
（4）The system is after the use of forest land, and Trifolium repense and earthworm are by being according to ground, Trifolium repense with the system position
It is constantly spread to periphery forest land by seed and root system, while earthworm is spread to periphery forest land from inside the device by activity, from
And gradually improve the soil regime on entire bamboo grove ground, the ecosystem that bamboo in bamboo grove, grass, fertilizer, water circulate benignly is formed, with
The increase of bamboo grove canopy density, in forest land Trifolium repense death enter soil as organic matter, in order to fight for more illumination, Trifolium repense
Gradually to Edge dispersal, so as to improve border soil fertility, bamboo whip is promoted to be grown to border, realize bamboo grove area constantly to
Outer expansion.
The grass earthworm system can be used not only for yellow oldham bamboo, may be simultaneously used for moso bamboo, Fang Zhu, Ph. bambusoides, Lei Zhu, green bamboo
It can make appropriateness adjustment according to financial resources and the different of bamboo type Deng, application mode, it can also be used to which the new young growth for making bamboo grove is led to
It crosses in bamboo grove vacant lot and is implanted into the system, do not add chemical fertilizer and pesticide, realize ecological cultivation.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of promotion newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, main includes plantation measures and site preparation, female bamboo
The management of bamboo grove after selection, plantation and plantation, it is characterised in that：With the use of careless earthworm system when the plantation；The grass earthworm
System is to be implanted with the Trifolium repense system that earthworm is bred in lower part in systems in system top kind using matrix.
2. a kind of promotion according to claim 1 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute
It is as follows to state implantation methods：
1）Repair cave：The size and depth of finishing kind plant hole ensure that the length of kind of plant hole in the horizontal direction is longer than female bamboo bamboo whip length
10cm or more, depth depth 5-10cm of the depth than female bamboo suitable planting；
2）Backfill composite soil：The soil dug when repairing cave is added and expands whip matrix, obtains composite soil；Composite soil is first inserted into kind of a plant hole
Bottom, filling thickness are 5-10cm；The whip matrix that expands is the substance that careless earthworm system obtains after evenly mixing；
3）Female bamboo kind is planted：Female bamboo bamboo root and stem of certain plants is placed in kind of plant hole, female bamboo whip is paid attention in the horizontal direction, is placed in and is filled with composite soil
Top, then with mixing earthen backfill, layering is steady and sure, and root whip is made to touch with soil, thickness of earth-fill cover buried part depth 3- originally than female bamboo
5cm, top are trained into steamed bun shape；
4）Uniformly increase excavation shape in the forest land for not planting bamboo after the plant of female bamboo kind and expand whip cave, careless earthworm system is implanted into expanding whip cave
System is used in combination timbered soil to backfill cave gap；Preferably, the mother bamboo presses 4 with whip cave is expanded:1 proportional arrangement.
3. a kind of promotion according to claim 1 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute
The careless earthworm system stated includes by bottom plate（1）And side plate（2）The incubator of composition is equipped in the incubator and protects successively from bottom to up
Water layer（A）, straw layer（B）, earthworm layer (C), earthworm excrement layer (D) and hypothallus (E)；It is additionally provided with commissioning pipe in the incubator（3）.
4. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute
State side plate（2）It is made for clear resinous materials, bottom plate（1）It is made for wood materials, is adopted between the adjacent side plates
It is hinged, connection fixed by snap between side plate and bottom plate；The incubator size is：Length × width × height is respectively
60cm×60cm×70cm；The bottom plate（1）And side plate（2）On be equipped with water-permeable and air permeable hole（5）；The water-permeable and air permeable bore dia
For 0.1-0.3cm, it is uniformly distributed by 1 cm × 1cm spacing.
5. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：It protects
Water layer（A）Thickness is 10cm；Straw layer（B）Thickness is 2-3cm；Earthworm layer (C) thickness is 20-25cm；Earthworm excrement layer (D) thickness
For 1-2cm；Hypothallus (E) thickness is 10-15cm.
6. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute
State water conservation layer（A）Material is sand in the cleaning for add water-retaining agent, and water-retaining agent is added for 5 ‰ -8 ‰ amount by mass percentage
Add, the water conservation agent prescription is：The acrylamide of 65%-66%；The potassium acrylate of 23%-24%；The water of 8%-10%；0.5%-1.0%
Crosslinking agent；It is described water conservation layer preparation method be：It after middle sand and water-retaining agent are fully mixed thoroughly in proportion and sprinkles profoundly water, waits being retained
After agent suctions water, pave into incubator bottom.
7. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute
Stating earthworm layer (C) production method is：By the vegetables of crushing, melon and fruit peel, waste bacterium rod, cow dung in mass ratio 1:1:1:1 is fully mixed
It is even, after decomposed, pave to straw layer（B）The upper surface of, each incubator is inoculated with 30-40 earthworm, and earthworm type is dwelt type by table：
It dwells type=2 deeply:1 ratio.
8. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute
The matrix formulations for stating hypothallus (E) are：It is having for the rural area soil+10% of the vermiculite+30% of 50% peat+5% by mass percentage
The composite fertilizer of machine fertilizer+5%；Trifolium repense is planted in the hypothallus, specific method is：Selection is by the end of March under by the end of April or in September
Ten days, in hypothallus（E Trifolium repense seed is sowed in)；Seed soaking 12 hours is carried out to seed with clear water before sowing, 0.1% Gao Meng is used in combination
It is sowed after sour potassium solution disinfection；Uniform broadcasting, the grain weight that each incubator broadcasts sowing are 1-2g；Before after planting emerging, harrow in time
A kind of farm tools is emerged with profit；Clover seedling stage, seedling stage, which should intertill, to weed with a hoe 1 ~ 2 time, and reinforces water and fertilizer management easily by weed infestation, and
When pest control endanger.
9. a kind of promotion according to claim 3 newly makes the ecological cultivation technology that bamboo grove quickly grows into forest, it is characterised in that：Institute
State commissioning pipe（3）Middle and lower part is equipped with arched door shaped opening (3-1)；The opening is 2-4, and ring-type is uniformly distributed；The commissioning pipe
Bottom is placed in straw layer（C）Top；The height of commissioning pipe is 40cm, nozzle diameter 15-18cm；The height of arched door shaped opening is
20-30cm, width 4-6cm, each incubator are equipped with 4 commissioning pipes（3）.
10. a kind of careless earthworm system for improving bamboo grove PRODUCTIVITY OF FOREST SOIL, it is characterised in that the careless earthworm system includes the bottom of by
Plate（1）And side plate（2）The incubator of composition is equipped with water conservation layer in the incubator successively from bottom to up（A）, straw layer（B）, earthworm
Earthworm layer (C), earthworm excrement layer (D) and hypothallus (E)；It is additionally provided with commissioning pipe in the incubator（3）；The side plate（2）For transparent tree
Lipid materials are made, bottom plate（1）Be made for wood materials, between the adjacent side plates use hinge connection, side plate with
Connection fixed by snap between bottom plate；The incubator size is：Length × width × height is respectively 60cm × 60cm × 70cm；Institute
State bottom plate（1）And side plate（2）On be equipped with water-permeable and air permeable hole（5）；The water-permeable and air permeable bore dia is 0.1-0.3cm, by 1 cm
× 1cm spacing is uniformly distributed；The water conservation layer（A）Thickness is 10cm；Straw layer（B）Thickness is 2-3cm；Earthworm layer (C) thickness
For 20-25cm；Earthworm excrement layer (D) thickness is 1-2cm；Hypothallus (E) thickness is 10-15cm；
The water conservation layer（A）Material be add water-retaining agent cleaning in sand, water-retaining agent by mass percentage be 5 ‰ -8 ‰ amount into
Row addition, the water conservation agent prescription are：The acrylamide of 65%-66%；The potassium acrylate of 23%-24%；The water of 8%-10%；0.5%-
1.0% crosslinking agent；It is described water conservation layer preparation method be：It after middle sand and water-retaining agent are fully mixed thoroughly in proportion and sprinkles profoundly water, waits for
After water-retaining agent suctions water, pave into incubator bottom；Earthworm layer (C) production method be：By the vegetables of crushing, melon and fruit peel,
Waste bacterium rod, cow dung in mass ratio 1:1:1:1 mixes well, and after decomposed, paves to straw layer（B）The upper surface of, each incubator
It is inoculated with 30-40 earthworm, earthworm type is dwelt type by table：It dwells type=2 deeply:1 ratio；The matrix formulations of the hypothallus (E) are：
It is the composite fertilizer of the organic fertilizer+5% of the rural area soil+10% of the vermiculite+30% of 50% peat+5% by mass percentage；The matrix
Trifolium repense is planted in layer, specific method is：Selection is by the end of March to by the end of April or mid or late September, in hypothallus（E Trifolium repense is sowed in)
Seed；Seed soaking 12 hours is carried out to seed with clear water before sowing, is sowed after 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate is used in combination；Uniformly spread
It broadcasts, the grain weight that each incubator broadcasts sowing is 1-2g；Before after planting emerging, a kind of farm tools is harrowed in time, is emerged with profit；Clover seedling stage easily by
Weed infestation, seedling stage, which should intertill, to weed with a hoe 1 ~ 2 time, and reinforces water and fertilizer management, timely pest control harm；The commissioning pipe
（3）Middle and lower part is equipped with arched door shaped opening (3-1)；The opening is 2-4, and ring-type is uniformly distributed；The bottom of the tube that feeds intake is placed in
Straw layer（C）Top；The height of commissioning pipe is 40cm, nozzle diameter 15-18cm；The height of arched door shaped opening is 20-30cm,
Width is 4-6cm, and each incubator is equipped with 4 commissioning pipes（3）.
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| CN109997623A (en) * | 2019-04-17 | 2019-07-12 | 李永政 | A method of repairing bamboo grove ecology, rejuvenation bamboo strain |
| CN112913370A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 北京市紫竹院公园管理处 | Method for repairing open-air bamboo forest soil degradation, organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112913370A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 北京市紫竹院公园管理处 | Method for repairing open-air bamboo forest soil degradation, organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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