A kind of heliogreenhouse peach is without suspend mode processing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting industry, and in particular to a kind of heliogreenhouse peach is without suspend mode processing method.
Background technology
Peach is a kind of defoliation small arbor of fruit as fruit, and outdoor cropping has specific growth cycle, as the spring opens
Flower, Xia Changguo, Qiu Caishi, winter suspend mode.Fruit Protected Cultivation is then to utilize heliogreenhouse, vinyl house or other facilities, is passed through
Artificial adjustment facility interior environmental conditions, required environmental factor, makes it be carried than outdoor cropping during reaching growth and development of fruit tree
Early rudiment is bloomed, a kind of planting type of ripe listing ahead of time ahead of time.
Currently, domestic existing facility peach cultivation technique, can make the maturity period of its fruit do sth. in advance 60-80 compared with outdoor cropping
It, compensates for the 4, blank that May, market was supplied without fresh peach, flourishing fruit market.Since this phase is exactly the dull season of fruit, because
This, huge economic benefit is brought to farmer.Economic interests drive and the joint efforts of numerous scientific and technical personnel under,
Facility peach industry is developed rapidly from the last century 90's.By 2005, the only kind of Tangshan Area Leting County facility peach
It plants area and has just reached more than 30,000 mus.
But with expanding rapidly for cultivated area, yield is continuously increased, and economic benefit is compared with having the nineties significantly
Decline.Existing facility peach cultivation technique can only make the maturity period of peach ripe to late March ahead of time earliest, the Spring Festival to mid-March
Period cannot still produce fresh food peach.By heliogreenhouse peach without suspend mode treatment technology, traditional peach cultivating and growing week can be broken
Phase makes its fall flowering, and winter is ripe, is further advanced by the maturity period of facility peach, makes up the blank of China's Spring Festival peach listing,
High economic benefit is created for farmer, is that the adjustment of agricultural structure increases a new approach.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of heliogreenhouse peaches without suspend mode processing method, cultivated with breaking traditional peach
Growth cycle, makes its fall flowering, and winter is ripe, further maturity period of facility peach in advance.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of heliogreenhouse peach includes the following steps without suspend mode processing method:
(1) it is trimmed after late April is adopted, forces down height of tree crown 100cm, 10- is retained to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster after result
15cm bounces back, and sprays paclobutrazol mid-May late April -2 times, 20 days interval times;
(2) the compound broken dormancy liquid for spraying 12 times of liquid before early September button canopy for 3-5 days, applies fertilizer for 13-17 days before detaining canopy,
Greenhouse peach spreads fertilizer over the fields fully decomposed organic 5-6 cubic metres per acre.Fertilizing method is spread fertilizer over the fields using furrow face, spread fertilizer over the fields it is rear it is shallow turn over 10cm, and
It is fully poured water, sprays within 5-7 days the compound broken dormancy liquid of 12 times of liquid after button canopy again;
(3) September early and middle ten days start to detain canopy, and whole day is proceeded by after button canopy and closes canopy processing, is sprayed after 5 days one time 12 after detaining canopy
Times compound broken dormancy liquid of liquid, carries out anti-isothermal holding, i.e., puts down thermal insulation material daytime, night rolls thermal insulation material, beats after 7-10 days
Air port is opened, cooling processing is carried out, processing time is 13 days;
(4) it starts to warm up at the beginning of -10 months by the end of September, is trimmed immediately after heating, trimming is strong supplemented by cutting back based on dredging
Fruit branch length is put, and only to cutting back in elongated fruit branch, 2-3 fruitful branch, every plant of peach 20-30 result of reservation are retained in each branch group
Branch clears up orchard immediately after the completion of trimming;The full blossom end of term sprays 5 times of spirits of bearing fruit, and is sprayed within 10-15 days after fallen flowers second 5
Bear fruit again spirit, and heliogreenhouse peach is managed, management method is:Day temperature control of blooming is warming up at 22-24 DEG C, night
Between temperature control at 15-18 DEG C, relative air humidity is controlled in 70-80%;Florescence to fallen flowers phase, day temperature control exist
21-23 DEG C, at 13-15 DEG C, relative air humidity is controlled in 50-60% for nocturnal temperature control;Fruit development period, day temperature control
System is at 22-25 DEG C, and at 12-15 DEG C, relative air humidity is controlled in 50-60% for nocturnal temperature control;It carries out within 20-30 days after fallen flowers
Fruit thinning, each fruit branch retain 2 fruits.
Advantageous effect of the present invention is:The present invention breaks under the premise of keeping heliogreenhouse peach nutritional ingredient and mouthfeel
Traditional peach growth cycle realizes peach and normally yields positive results in the case where no suspend mode is handled, and the listing of Spring Festival maturation increases economic effect
Benefit.
Further, further include that top dressing is poured water, the operation that the top dressing is poured water is:First time topdressing is poured water after heating 5 days
Interior, ditch spread ternary compound fertilizer 75kg, an and flood of filling per acre loosen the soil renovating mulch after soil is not viscous;It chases after for the second time
Fertilizer is poured water after fallen flowers ditch spread ternary compound fertilizer 50kg per acre, and primary small water is filled;Third time top dressing is poured water in stone phase ditch per acre
Ternary compound fertilizer 40kg and potassium sulfate 40kg are applied, a flood is filled.
It is further had the beneficial effect that using above-mentioned:Nutritional need of the peach in growth course is fully ensured that
Further, the PP333 solution that paclobutrazol is 15% dilutes the solution after 40-50 times;
Compound broken dormancy liquid includes the raw material of following mass fraction:2-10 parts of copper sulphate, 1-5 parts of cyanamide, calcium phosphate 1-5
Part, 1-8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-3 parts of niacin, 0.1-5 parts of organosilicon, 0.1-5 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.01-3 parts of heteroauxin, again
1-5 parts of nitre phenol sodium, 60-100 parts of water;
Preferably, 6 parts of copper sulphate, 1.2 parts of cyanamide, 1.2 parts of calcium phosphate, 2.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.25 part of niacin have
0.35 part of machine silicon, 0.35 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.08 part of heteroauxin, 1.2 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 87 parts of water;
Spirit of bearing fruit includes the raw material of following mass fraction:0.01-3 parts of brassin lactones, 0.01-10 parts of the basic element of cell division,
0.1-8 parts of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.1-1 parts of nitrogen, 0.1-2 parts of silicon, 0.1-0.8 parts of magnesium, 0.1-1 parts of boron, 80-120 parts of water;
Preferably, 0.02 part of brassin lactones, 0.05 part of the basic element of cell division, 0.8 part of compound sodium nitrophenolate, 0.3 part of nitrogen, silicon 0.1
Part, 0.15 part of magnesium, 0.1 part of boron, 98 parts of water.
It is further had the beneficial effect that using above-mentioned:Effectively change heliogreenhouse peach growth cycle, increases stress resistance of plant
Energy.
Specific implementation mode
The technical scheme in the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below, the peach in following embodiment
Setting cultivation management method is:
(1) it is trimmed after adopting, forces down height of tree crown 100cm, 10-15cm retractions are retained to the fruit-bearing shoot cluster after result,
Spray paclobutrazol;
(2) it applies fertilizer within 13-17 days before early September button canopy, greenhouse peach spreads fertilizer over the fields fully decomposed organic 5-6 cubic metres per acre.It applies
Fertile method is spread fertilizer over the fields using furrow face, spread fertilizer over the fields it is rear it is shallow turn over 10cm, and fully poured water, detain and respectively spray the compound of 12 times of liquid before and after canopy
Broken dormancy liquid;
(3) September early and middle ten days start to detain canopy, and whole day is proceeded by after button canopy and closes canopy processing, compound broken dormancy liquid is sprayed after detaining canopy,
Anti- isothermal holding is carried out after 7-10 days, i.e., puts down thermal insulation material daytime, and night rolls thermal insulation material, opens ventilation opening, being dropped
Temperature processing, processing time are 13 days;
(4) it starts to warm up at the beginning of -10 months by the end of September, is trimmed immediately after heating, trimming is strong supplemented by cutting back based on dredging
Fruit branch length is put, and only to cutting back in elongated fruit branch, 2-3 fruitful branch, every plant of peach 20-30 result of reservation are retained in each branch group
Branch clears up orchard immediately after the completion of trimming, and after heating in 5 days, ditch spread ternary compound fertilizer 75kg, an and flood of filling per acre is waited for
Loosen the soil renovating mulch after soil is not viscous;The full blossom end of term sprays 5 times of spirits of bearing fruit, and is sprayed within 10-15 days after fallen flowers second 5
Bear fruit again spirit, and heliogreenhouse peach is managed;
Management method is:Day temperature control of blooming is warming up at 22-24 DEG C, nocturnal temperature control is at 15-18 DEG C, air
Relative humidity is controlled in 70-80%;In florescence to fallen flowers phase, at 21-23 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is controlled in 13- for day temperature control
15 DEG C, relative air humidity is controlled in 50-60%;Fruit development period, at 22-25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature controls for day temperature control
At 12-15 DEG C, relative air humidity is controlled in 50-60%;Carry out fruit thinning within 20-30 days after fallen flowers, each fruit branch retains 2 fruits
Real, ditch spread ternary compound fertilizer 50kg, fills primary small water per acre;Ditch spread ternary compound fertilizer 40kg+ potassium sulfate 40kg per acre of hard peach phase,
Fill a flood.
Embodiment 1
Different times spray influences of the PP333 to peach bud differentiation process
To ensure that the bud differentiation of (September 1 day) peach enters the gynoecium stage before detaining canopy.PP333 is sprayed to different times
Peach bud differentiation process is studied.The paclobutrazol that PP333 is produced using the photoproduction of Sichuan state.
1, materials and methods
(1) experiment material
Material is derived from the spring snow peach in application Specialty Co-operative Organization of Luannan County Southern Tang Dynasty Spring Festival peach experiment greenhouse.Age of tree life in 4 years,
Tree body is healthy and strong.On April 22nd, 2012 trims after being adopted.
(2) test process
The period for spraying PP333 is set to:May 18, June 18 and July 18.It is 15% to spray content
The concentration of PP333 is 40 times of liquid, is sprayed for the second time after 10 days.Each period sprays 5 plants of trees.
(3) investigation method
August 30 days, from three periods spray PP333 it is each 5 plants tree on, every plant acquisition 2 young sprouts, carry out bud differentiation into
The sections observation of journey.The sampling same day makees free-hand section (each bud cuts 5-6 pieces) to the axillary bud on each young sprout of acquisition, and microscopy is seen
Examine Floral development process in each bud, it is desirable that 30 buds of each processing observation.
2, result and analysis
(1) peach Morphological Differentiation of Flower Bud process
The bud of peach is pure bud, includes a flower in each bud.Therefore, peach Morphological Differentiation of Flower Bud process is answered
Including:Differentiation initial stage, sepal idiophase, petal idiophase, 5 stages of stamen idiophase and gynoecium idiophase.Outdoor cropping peach
When setting to mid-October, the gynoecium idiophase should be broken up.
(2) different times spray PP333 peach bud differentiation process
It is different to August bud differentiation process on the 20th by slice fine pruning it is found that different times spray the peach of PP333.May
The peach of processing on the 18th, 73.3% bud differentiation to gynoecium stage, 20.0% bud differentiation to stamen stage, 6.7%
Bud differentiation is to the petal stage;The peach of processing on June 18, flower bud differentiation period are not up to gynoecium differential period, 36.7% flower
Bud differentiation is to the stamen stage, 43.3% bud differentiation to petal stage, 20.0% bud differentiation to sepal stage;And July
The peach of processing on the 18th, still there is a 63.3% processing undifferentiated stage, and only 36.7% enters bud differentiation initial stage.
3, brief summary
According to result above it is found that when heating up to peach early September in the Spring Festival bud differentiation of peach sprayed to the gynoecium stage
The time of PP333 should mid-May and its before period.Delay sprays PP333, and the bud differentiation of peach may be made to September
The first tenday period of a month detain canopy when bud differentiation process delay and influence bearing fruit for peach.
Embodiment 2
The compound dormancy liquid of applying brokenly of different year spray investigates spring snow peach growth result
1, materials and methods
(1) material is derived from the spring snow peach in application Specialty Co-operative Organization of Luannan County Southern Tang Dynasty Spring Festival peach experiment greenhouse.The age of tree 4 years
Raw, tree body is healthy and strong, planting density 1m × 1m.
The compound broken dormancy formula of liquid of the present embodiment is calculated as with 1L:Copper sulphate 6%, 50% cyanamide 1.2%, calcium phosphate 1.2%,
Magnesium sulfate 2.4%, 5% naphthylacetic acid 0.25%, organosilicon 0.35%, 1.6% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 0.35%, heteroauxin 0.08% are multiple
Nitre phenol sodium 1.2%, water 87%.
(2) different year processing method
1 different year of table buckles the canopy heating-up time
Time |
Detain canopy period (moon, day) |
It heats up the date (moon, day) |
2012 |
8.25 |
9.15 |
2013 |
9.10 |
9.28 |
2014 |
9.15 |
10.1 |
In addition to portion in the greenhouse retains 2 rows and (sprays water) as a contrast, the compound of 1 12 times of liquid is sprayed before remaining peach button canopy
Dormancy liquid is broken, sprays within 5 days the compound broken dormancy liquid of 1 same concentration after button canopy again.The indoor temperature control of temperature on daytime is at 25 degree after heating
Below.
(3) survey content and method
1. investigation content
A different years bloom, the fruit maturation phenological period investigation records different year button canopy date, the heating date and bloom just
Phase, full-bloom stage, fallen flowers phase and fructescence.
B florescence investigates fruit branch flowering rate, leaf bud germination rate and isolated tree height, branch group amount, fruit branch number, number of blooming, fruit
Maturity period investigates per plant number.
2. investigation method
Florescence, portion randomly selected 20 plants of peach in the greenhouse, and carried out listed label.The tree of investigating every plant of tree respectively is high,
Branch group amount, fruit branch number, sum of blooming, fructescence investigate the result number of every plant of tree, and randomly select 10 plants of trees, adopt down 5
Whole fruits of strain tree, weigh fruit weight, fruit number, count single fruit weight;In addition, florescence is on the top of every plant of tree of calibration
1 fruitful branch is respectively randomly selected with lower part, investigates the sum of the bud on each fruitful branch, bloom number and leaf bud sum and sprouting leaf
Bud number.
2, result and analysis
(1) phenological period of different year Spring Festival peach
The phenological period of 2 different year spring snow peach of table
As shown in Table 2, August in 2012 carries out button canopy fallen leaves processing on the 25th, and September 15 heats up, blooms within 18 days after heating, the florescence
It it is 18 days, fructescence is on December 23rd, 2012, and 81 days have been needed from blooming fruit maturation.Be before the Spring Festival 49 days at
Ripe (2 months 10 Spring Festival in 2013).The button canopy date in 2013 is September 10, and the heating date is September 28,29 days after heating
It blooms, the florescence is 26 days, and fructescence is on January 26th, 2014, and 92 days have been needed from blooming fruit maturation.It is in the Spring Festival
Preceding 5 days fruit maturations (Spring Festival on January 31st, 2014);The button canopy date in 2014 is September 15, and the heating date is October 1,
It blooms within 33 days after heating, the florescence is 28 days, and fructescence is on 2 10th, 2015, has needed 100 to fruit maturation from blooming
It.It is 10 days fruit maturations (2 months 19 Spring Festival in 2015) before the Spring Festival.
(2) tree crown different parts fruitful branch leaf bud is sprouted and situation of blooming
The heating period of Spring Festival greenhouse peach is heated up when peach not yet releases, processing tree sprayed 2 times it is compound broken
Dormancy liquid.Florescence (on November 20th, 2013) sets processing and the bud of control tree blooms situation and leaf bud sprouting situation carries out
Investigation.The bud of this phase control tree is not sprouted with leaf bud, as a result such as table 3-5.
3 tree crown top fruitful branch bud of table, the investigation of leaf bud sprouting situation
Note:Investigate date 2013.11.20
4 tree crown lower part fruitful branch bud of table, the investigation of leaf bud sprouting situation
Note:Investigate date 2013.11.20
5 tree crown different parts fruitful branch bud of table, leaf bud germination rate compare
By table 3, table 4, table 5 it is found that spraying the processing tree of dormancy liquid, the flowering rate of tree crown top fruitful branch and lower part fruitful branch
And leaf bud germination rate is different.The average flowering rate of single of top fruitful branch is 30.5%, and leaf bud germination rate is 46.3%;Lower part
The average flowering rate of single of fruitful branch is only 9.1%, and leaf bud germination rate is only 17.4%.Statistical analysis, single of top fruitful branch
Flowering rate and leaf bud germination rate pole are significantly higher than lower part fruitful branch.
The above result shows that spraying brokenly, dormancy liquid blooms to promotion Spring Festival peach bud and leaf bud sprouting has significantly effect, but
It is significantly low compared with normal through the peach of natural dormancy (bud flowering rate up to 100%).
(3) Spring Festival peach phase index and situation of yielding positive results
Table 6 Spring Festival peach phase index and condition survey of yielding positive results
As shown in Table 6, it is 666 plants per acre, using cylinder Training system, 4 years raw Spring Festival peach in planting density
High average out to 92.5cm, single plant branch group amount are 10.9, and fruitful branch amount is 30.9.It is 49.9 that 2013 annual single plants, which are bloomed several,
A, fructescence is averaged per plant 22.3.10 plants of trees are randomly selected, as a result number 230, gross weight 17.2kg is average
Strain production 1.72kg, mean fruit weight 74.8g, convert into per mu yield 1145.52kg.
3, brief summary
(1) it is seen by 3 years test results, since the environment after heating-up time, heating is different, in greenhouse production,
Spring snow peach florescence, florescence length, fructescence change greatly;In addition also there is larger change on the date in the Spring Festival between different year
Change.Therefore in actual production, to consider situation of change of date in the Spring Festival and single year autumn and winter temperature etc. determine heating when
Between.
(2) in the present embodiment, using the compound broken dormancy liquid of the present invention, the suspend mode to releasing peach has the effect of certain.
(3) the present embodiment converts into average yield per mu 1145.52kg, mean fruit weight 74.8g.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the present invention
In embodiment, every other implementation obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Example, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.