CN108649655A - 用于向设备供电的系统和智能电池组系统 - Google Patents

用于向设备供电的系统和智能电池组系统 Download PDF

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CN108649655A
CN108649655A CN201810596596.4A CN201810596596A CN108649655A CN 108649655 A CN108649655 A CN 108649655A CN 201810596596 A CN201810596596 A CN 201810596596A CN 108649655 A CN108649655 A CN 108649655A
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battery
processor
circuit
battery pack
connector
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CN108649655B (zh
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奥兰多·鲍诺什
戴维·迪姆
理查德·史密斯
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Zoll Circulation Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302Overcharge protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0036Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using connection detecting circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H02J7/0045Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction concerning the insertion or the connection of the batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/20The network being internal to a load
    • H02J2310/23The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304Overcurrent protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308Overvoltage protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00309Overheat or overtemperature protection

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种用于向设备供电的系统和智能电池组系统,还涉及具有电池管理系统的智能可再充电电池组,所述电池管理系统用于监测并控制电池的充电和放电。所述电池管理系统包括初级和次级保护电路,用于监测电池的充电和放电。构成所述电池组的独立电池通过主总线连接到连接器以便连接至电池充电器或待供电的设备,并且通过所述电池管理系统控制的开关可中断所述主总线以防止电池在充电或放电期间受到损坏。

Description

用于向设备供电的系统和智能电池组系统
本申请是申请日为2012年4月27日、国家申请号为201280031713.3(国际申请号为PCT/US2012/035667)、发明名称为“用于控制锂动力电池的电池管理系统”的申请的分案申请。
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求于2011年8月10日提交的美国临时申请第61/522,192号和于2011年4月28日提交的美国临时申请第61/480,286号的优先权。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种向设备供电的电池组。更具体地,本发明涉及一种电池组和电池管理系统,用于管理电池组的充电和放电从而使得在使用时可从设备获得的功率量最大并且使得以延长电池使用寿命的方式给电池再充电。
背景技术
心肺复苏(CPR)是一种公知的且有价值的急救方法,用于使遭受心脏骤停的人复苏。CPR要求反复按压胸部以挤压心脏和胸腔从而泵送血液流过身体。人工呼吸,例如嘴对嘴呼吸或袋式面罩设备,用于向肺供应空气。当施救者有效地进行人工胸部按压时,在身体里的血流量约为正常血流量的25%到30%。然而,即使是经验丰富的护理人员也不能维持长时间的充足的胸部按压。请见作者为Hightower等人的Decay In Quality Of ChestCompressions Over Time(过长时间胸部按压效果衰退),发表在Ann.Emerg.Med.(急救医疗年鉴)第26期,第300页(1995年9月)。因此,CRP不能常常成功地维持或者复苏病人。然而,如果能够保持充足的胸部按压,则心脏骤停的受害者可以维持更长的时间。偶尔也有延长的(45到90分钟)CPR效果被报道,且受害者最终获救于冠状动脉搭桥手术。参见Tovar等人的,Successful Myocardial Revascularization and Neurologic Recovery(成功的心肌血管再造及神经康复),Texas Heart J(德州心脏期刊)第22期第271页(1995)。
为了提供更好的血流量并提高旁边的人在复苏努力方面的效果,多种用于执行CPR的医疗设备已经被提出。在这些设备的一个变型中,带状件被环绕病人胸部周围放置,并且自动胸部按压设备收紧带状件以实现胸部按压。我们自己的专利:Mollenauer等人的Resuscitation device having a motor driven belt to constrict/compress thechest(具有马达驱动带以紧缩/按压胸部的复苏装置),美国专利第6,142,962号(2000年11月7日);Bystrom等人的Resuscitation and alert system(复苏与警报系统),美国专利第6,090,056号(2000年7月18日);Sherman等人的Modular CPR assist device(模块化CPR救助装置),美国专利第6,066,106号(2000年5月23日);以及Sherman等人的Modular CPRassist device(模块化CPR救助装置),美国专利第6,398,745号(2002年6月4日);以及我们在2001年5月25日提交的序列号为第09/866,377号的申请,我们在2002年7月10日提交的序列号为第10/192,771号的申请和我们在2010年3月17日提交的申请序列号为第12/726,262号的申请,这些申请描述使用带状件按压病人胸部的胸部按压设备。所有这些专利或申请的内容通过引用方式被整体包含于此以供参考。
由于急救期间分秒必争,任何CPR设备都应当易于使用且便于快速布置在病人身上。我们自己的设备易于快速布置并且能够显著增加病人生存的机会。
这种设备的一个重要的方面是需要小巧、功率大且可靠的电源为设备供电。然而,这种需求不限制于上述的机械按压设备。许多医疗设备都需要重量轻的电源,典型地是电池,其必须能够在延长的时间段内向设备供应充足的能量。另外,电源必须是相对重量轻的,以提高医疗设备的便携性,电池也必须在没有显著的电压或电流下降的情况下在延长的时间段内供应它的电力以保证设备使用期间的操作的稳定性。
现代的电池典型地需要额外的电子电路或者电池管理系统,所述电池管理系统被设计为用于管理电池的操作。这种电池管理系统应该能够监测电池的操作(包括在不会显著增加电池的内阻的同时电池的充电和放电)。另外,电池管理系统也应该能够随着电池技术发展而适应不同电池化学成分。为此,电池管理系统也需要具有充足的处理能力和存储容量以记录在电池寿命期间发生的事件,并且能够分析与这些情况有关的数据和/或将这些数据传输到集中式或分布式服务器系统中以用于分析。该电池管理系统也将包括多种安全相关系统,其被设计成用以保护电池、待由电池供电的设备以及电池或被供电的设备的用户免于多种环境或操作因素的伤害。本发明满足这些以及其他需求。
发明内容
在一个最一般的方面中,本发明提供一种能够在较长时间段可靠地提供高功率和电流以给设备供电的高性能电池组。另外,该电池组包括监测并控制电池操作(包括电池的充电和放电)的所有方面的电池管理系统。电池管理系统也能够记录电池组充电和放电期间发生的事件,并传输这些事件以供随后分析。电池管理系统也能够被更新而具有增强的或改进的操作参数,并且能够管理多种电池化学成分以提供向前和向后的兼容性。
在一方面中,本发明的电池管理系统包括电路,该电路监测电池组的每个电池的充电以防止电池之间电压不平衡。该系统包括泄放电路,所述泄放电路被配置成用于泄放每个独立电池中的过量充电。
在另一方面中,电池管理系统包括初级保护电路,所述初级保护电路监测电池组中每个电池的充电和放电。若观察到故障,初级保护电路提供信号,该信号驱动一个或多个n-FET设备的栅极从而打开电池的主总线以中断来自电池的电流。
在又一方面中,电池管理系统包括灾难性故障保护以监测电池组的电池过电压或过电流状态。当感测到故障时,提供信号,该信号驱动一个或多个n-FET设备的栅极从而打开电池的主总线以中断来自电池的电流。
在又一方面中,电池管理系统包括气体压力计功能,该功能监测电池组的充电和放电,然后根据存储的信息和当前的信息确定与估计的电池组可用电荷量相关的值。
在又一方面中,本发明的电池管理系统包括电路,该电路被构造成用将所提供的用以驱动一个或多个n-FET设备的栅极的电压提高至完全导通,从而允许最大的电流通过n-FET设备。
在又一方面中,本发明的电池管理系统也可包括电路,该电路被设计成,除非电池组被插入到充电器中或被插入到将要被电池供电的设备中,否则该电路都用以隔离电池组的端子。这种隔离使得当电池未插入到充电器中或未插入到将要被电池供电的设备中时,电池端子零跨接电压,因此防止端子意外短路,意外短路会导致灾难性的电池放电而且有可能对装备或用户造成危害。
在又一方面中,本发明的电池管理系统可包括用于控制电池管理系统的多个功能的一个或多个处理器。在又一方面中,所述一个或多个处理器可被配置成与内部和/或外部存储器存储或设备通信以用于存储电池组的充电、放电和存储期间发生的事件。在又一方面,处理器不仅可以被配置成与内部或外部存储介质或设备通信,还可以被配置成通过网络与其他处理器、存储介质或设备、或者甚至与其他电池或电池充电器通信。网络可以是有线的或者无线的。
在另一方面中,本发明包括向设备供电的电池组,包括:具有正极和负极端子的可再充电电池;将可再充电电池的正极端子与电池组连接器的正连接器相连接并将可再充电电池的负极端子与电池组连接器的负连接器相连接的主总线;以及与可再充电电池电通信的电池管理系统,其包括用于监测与电池的充电状态相关的输入的处理器、布置在位于电池正极端子与电池组的正连接器之间的前侧总线中的开关,该开关对由处理器响应于与电池的充电状态相关的输入而产生的信号起反应以控制电池的充电和放电。
在一个可选的方面中,开关是n-FET设备。另一个可选的方面还包括与第一可再充电电池串联连接的第二可再充电电池;以及监控电路,与处理器电通信,所述监控电路监测第一和第二可再充电电池的电压并将每个可再充电电池的信号提供给处理器,信号代表在每个电池的正极和负极端子的之间所测量的电压的等级,监控电路包括将第一可再充电电池连接到第一泄放电路的第一开关,第一开关响应于来自处理器的过电压信号而闭合第一开关以防止第一可再充电电池的过充电,监控电路还包括将第二可再充电电池连接到第二泄放电路的第二开关,第二开关响应于来自处理器的过电压信号而闭合第二开关以防止第二可再充电电池的过充电。
又一方面还包括温度监测电路,该温度检测电路用于监测电池组的温度并用于向处理器提供与电池组的温度相关的信号;并且其中所述处理器接收并分析温度信号以确定电池组的温度是否在预先选定的温度范围之内,并且如果电池组的温度不在预先选定的温度范围之内,则处理器提供信号至开关以使电池的正极端子与电池组的正连接器断开连接。
又一方面还包括充电状态监测电路,该充电状态监测电路用于提供向设备供电的电池组的可用电量指示。又一方面还包括与处理器电通信的电池组隔离电路,该电池隔离电路被配置成向处理器提供连接信号,所述连接信号指示电池组的连接器被连接到电池充电器或者待供电的设备;并且其中处理器通过向开关发送信号以闭合开关来响应连接信号,从而提供跨接连接器的正极和负极端子的电压。
在又一方面中,电池组隔离电路包括机械开关,该机械开关在电池组的电池连接器连接到电池充电器或者待供电的设备时具有闭合状态;并且其中处理器响应机械开关的闭合状态从而提供跨接连接器的正极和负极端子的电压。
又一方面包括通信总线,所述通信总线将处理器连接到连接器及连接到电池管理系统的其他组件,通信总线被配置成在处理器和电池管理系统的其他组件之间提供通信,并向电池组外部的其他系统、处理器、网络或存储介质提供通信。
又一方面包括安装在电池组外部的指示器装置,该指示器装置提供与电池的操作相关的信息的可视指示。在一个可选方面中,指示器装置是至少一个发光二极管。
在又一方面中,本发明包括智能电池组,该智能电池组包括:壳体;连接器,被安装在壳体一端并且构造成接合布置在待供电的设备中或上的连接器;多个可再充电电池,每个电池具有正极和负极端子,并且每个电池通过主总线串联连接,该主总线的正极侧连接到连接器的正极端子,负极侧连接到连接器的负极端子,该多个电池布置在壳体内部;开关,布置在主总线的位于连接器的正极端子与多个电池之间的正极侧;处理器,用于控制电池组的操作;初级保护电路,与处理器电通信,该初级保护电路包括:电通信的多个监控电路,该多个监控电路中的每一个都用于监测与多个电池中的每个独立电池的充电状态相关的参数,以及多个泄放电路,该多个泄放电路中的每一个连接到电池中每个独立电池,从而响应于被连接到该电池的监控电路所测量的电池参数对该电池进行泄放,防止电池过电压;次级保护电路,用于保护电池组防止短路;电池管理系统,与连接器、开关和多个监控电路电通信,该电池管理系统构造成监测电池的充电和放电并且构造成如果检测到故障时则提供信号给开关以将该开关打开;充电状态监测电路,包括用于确定流过主总线的电流量的传感器、与该传感器电通信的充电状态处理器、与充电状态处理器电通信的充电状态存储器,该存储器用于存储与电池相关的和与流过主总线的电流量相关的信息,其中充电状态处理器根据存储在充电状态存储器中的信息和来自传感器的输入而确定电池的可用电流量;以及与连接器、处理器、初级保护电路、次级保护电路、电池管理系统和充电状态监测系统电通信的通信总线,用于提供连接器、处理器、初级保护电路、次级保护电路、电池管理系统和充电状态监测系统之间的通信。
在可选的方面中,开关是n-沟道场效应晶体管。在又一个可选方面中,初级保护电路包括构造成监测电池的充电和放电的初级保护处理器。在又一可选方面中,初级保护电路包括构造成控制电池的充电和放电的初级保护处理器。
在又一方面中,处理器也被构造成通过通信总线将信息传输到充电状态处理器,充电状态处理器使用该信息来确定电池的可用电流量并且将所确定的可用电流量存储在充电状态存储器中。
又一方面包括温度监测电路以确定电池组的温度,该温度监测电路将电池组的温度传输到初级保护电路;并且其中初级保护电路构造成,如果电池组的温度不在预先选定的温度值范围内则初级保护电路发送信号到开关以打开该开关。
在又一方面中,智能电池组还包括与处理器电通信的电池组隔离电路,该电池组隔离电路构造成提供连接信号至处理器,该连接信号指示电池组的连接器连接到电池充电器或者待供电的设备;并且其中处理器通过发送信号到开关以闭合该开关来响应连接信号,从而提供跨接连接器的正极和负极端的电压。
在又一个可选方面中,本发明包括由上述电池组或智能电池组供电的设备。在一个可选方面中,该设备是医疗设备。在另一个可选方面,该设备是机械按压设备。在又一的方面中,电池组或智能电池组构造成向机械按压设备供电至少30分钟。在又一方面中,电池组或智能电池组构造成在机械按压设备被用于治疗大于普通体型的病人时向机械按压设备供电至少20分钟。在又一方面,电池组或智能电池组
本发明的其他特征和优势将从以下结合附图的详细描述中变得显而易见,其中附图以实例的方式图示出了本发明的特征。
附图说明
图1图示出了通过使用机械胸部按压设备实施胸部按压的方法。
图2是图1的机械胸部按压设备的透视图,示出了设备的底部和前侧。
图3是图1的机械胸部按压设备的透视图,示出了底部和后盖板被移除。
图4A是根据本发明的电池组的透视图,示出了布置在电池组前侧的电池闩锁。
图4B是图4A的电池组的透视图,示出了布置在电池组后侧的连接器、指示器和按钮。
图5是示出了本发明的电池组的一个实施方式的多种组件的分解透视图。
图6是根据本发明的原理的电池管理系统的一个实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的多种实施方式旨在提供用于向移动设备(尤其是医疗设备)供电的可再充电电池。在电池需要在可预见时间段内提供较大的电流量时本发明的实施方式是尤其有利的。另外,本发明的实施方式包括控制电池操作的所有方面的电池管理系统,也包括存储器,在该存储器中存储了与电池相关的、在电池使用寿命期间发生的事件。另外,电池管理系统的实施方式包括与使用不同电池化学成分的电池适应的能力,并且也能够通过通信端口被更新。
虽然本发明的多个实施方式是参照机械按压设备进行描述的,但本领域技术人员将立即理解到这些实施方式不局限于只向这样的设备供电。实际上,所述用途仅仅是示范性的,并且根据本发明的多个实施方式的电池可以用于为任意设备供电,尤其是为医疗设备供电,其中设备的设计要求通过这样的电池的性能被满足。
当根据本发明的多个实施方式的电池与机械按压设备一起使用时,电池必须能够在足够长的时间内向机械按压设备供电,从而不仅可以在发病现场治疗病人,而且还可以在将病人从发病现场运输到护理中心的期间治疗病人。然而经验已经表明,病人的体型和重量是决定电池在治疗期间的电流消耗的因素。因此,治疗体型大于普通病人的病人会引起更大的电池电流消耗。
例如,研究已发现,胸深度、胸宽度和胸周长是影响向机械按压设备供电的电池的电流消耗量的因素。其他研究已观察到普通成年男性人类的平均胸深度是9.4英寸、平均胸宽度是12.2英寸及平均胸周长是39.7英寸。参见Young,JW,RF Chandler,CC Snow,KMRobinette,GF Zehner,MS Lofberg,Anthropometric and Mass DistributionCharacteristics of the Adult Female(成年女性的人体测量特性与质量分布特性),FAACivil Aeromedical Institute(美国联邦航空局民用航空医学研究所),Okalhoma city(俄克拉荷马城),OK,报告号FAA-AM-83-16,1983年;Anthropometry and MassDistribution for Human Analogues(用于模拟人的人体测量学和质量分布):第一卷:Military Male Aviators(军事男性飞行员),报告号第USAFSAM-TR-88-6号,1988年3月;Haslegrave,CM,"Characterizing the anthropometric extremes of the population(描述人口的人体测量极限)",Ergonomics(人机工程学),29:2,第281-301页,1986年;Diffrient,N,AR Tilley,JC Bardagy,Human Scale(人的比例)1/2/3,The MIT Press(MIT出版社),Cambridge(剑桥),MA,1974年;以及PeopleSize Pro Software(人体尺寸专业软件),Open Ergonomics Ltd.(人机工程学公开公司),34Bakewell Road,Loughborough,Leicestershire,LE11 5QY,United Kingdom(英国,LE11 5QY,莱斯特郡,拉夫堡,Bakewell路34号),以上内容通过引用被全部包含在此以供参考。有利地,对于普通体型病人来说电池能够保持机械按压设备的操作至少30分钟,而对于体型大于普通体型的病人能够保持机械按压设备的操作至少20分钟。
现在详细地参考附图,其中相同的数字标号在几个图中表示相似的或相同的元件,图1中示出了胸部按压带适配在病人1身上。胸部按压设备2借助带3实施按压,所述带具有右边带部分3R和左边带部分3L。胸部按压设备2包括带驱动台4和按压带盒5(其包含带)。带驱动台4包括机架6供病人在上面休息,紧固带的装置、处理器和用户界面被布置在机架上。带包括拉带18和19以及位于带两端处的宽负载分配部件16和17。紧固带的装置包括附接至驱动卷轴的马达,在使用时带围绕着该驱动卷轴缠绕并且绷紧。如在这里示出的,胸部按压设备的设计允许获得轻量的机电胸部按压设备。完全组装的胸部按压设备仅重29磅,并且因此可以长距离的手提。设备自身的重量约为22.0至23.0磅,在本发明的至少一个实施方式中,具有的电池重量在2至5.0磅之间,优选地约为3磅。带盒约重0.8磅,用于固定病人的带约重1.6磅。
图2示出了从上方观察到的胸部按压设备的后侧23。在图2的透视图中,普通体型的病人臀部和大腿后侧将会延伸穿过下面的缓冲器40。设备构造在坚固的槽钢41周围,槽钢41相对机架是横向定向的。槽钢支撑设备承受按压期间产生的力。槽钢也充当着带盒可附接至其上的结构。
槽钢41形成了延伸穿过设备的横向宽度的槽。在按压期间,带布置在槽内并沿着槽移动。带被附接至跨越槽的驱动卷轴42。
图3示出了胸部按压设备2的内部组件。电动机79可被操作以通过离合器80和齿轮箱81提供扭矩到驱动卷轴42。附接到电动机上侧的制动器82可被操作以制动驱动卷轴的运动。制动毂被直接连接到电动机的转子轴。
电动机79和制动器82被处理器单元83、电动机控制器84和配电控制器控制,三者全部安装在前盖板60的内部。处理器单元包括计算机处理器、非易失性存储设备和显示器。
处理器单元具有用于控制电源控制器和电动机控制器的软件。处理器单元、电源控制器和电动机控制器在一起组成了能够精确控制电动机的操作的控制系统。因此,对于不同体型的病人来说,可以自动并精确地控制按压的时间和力度。
图2和3还示出了靠近病人头部的电池仓121的位置。电池组和电池仓的位置和设计允许快速更换电池。除非电池组完全地并正确地插入仓中,否则仓的后部中的弹簧会将电池组推出。在电池组被插入电池仓时,位于电池组一端上的闩锁与电池仓121中的接收件接合以将电池组保持在电池仓内。凹陷部分120指示电池仓121内的弹簧的位置。位于电池仓端部的塑料架122加强了凹陷部分。
图4A和4B是电池组200的透视图,分别示出了电池组的前侧和后侧205,210。在电池组插入电池仓121时,电池组的前侧205朝外并且对用户是可见的(图3)。如图4A中所示,前侧205包括闩锁215,闩锁与电池仓121内的接收件接合以将电池组200保持在电池仓内。在图4A中还示出了布置在电池组前端的顶侧上的一对凸片217。这些凸片与闩锁配合以通过防止电池顶部在电池插入期间向上拱,来确保电池被正确地固定在电池仓中,迫使闩锁与电池闩锁接收件或电池仓的边缘正确地接合。
如图4B中所示,电池组的后侧210包括连接器220,连接器连接至电池仓121内的连接器以使得机械按压设备的控制器或处理器与电池组200能够电通信。该连接器不仅允许从电池组流出的电流向机械按压设备提供电力,它还在电池组和处理器或控制机械按压设备操作的计算机之间提供数据流、编程指令和其他信息,比如电池充电状态、放电率、放电前的持续时间等。类似地,连接器220可被配置以连接到电池充电器内的连接器因而对电池组的电池充电,也可以在充电器和电池组之间提供数据流、软件程序或指令和/或其他信息。还可以设想到的是连接器220可用于将电池组连接到通信网络,该通信网络将允许在电池组和同样连接到网络的其他计算机、服务器、处理器或设备之间信息的流动。应当理解的是,网络可以是有线网络,如以太网(Ethernet),或者网络可以是无线网络。网络可以是本地网络,或者网络可以是广域网,如WLAN或因特网(Internet)。
状态指示器225(例如可以是一个或多个发光二极管(LED)或类似的设备)也布置在电池组200的后端210上以提供可视指示,可视指示为例如电池组的充电/放电状态、任何会影响电池组操作的故障的出现、或者其他可能对电池的用户有用的信息。也包括按钮230;按钮230例如可用于启动电池组的重置。可选的,按钮230可用于启动诊断测试,诊断测试的结果通过状态指示器225指示。在其他实施方式中,按下按钮230可以启动处理器在电池组内的其他功能,包括,例如但不限于,确定电池的剩余容量、通过使用状态指示器225显示故障代码等。
图5是电池组200的分解透视图。该分解图中的电池组200相对于图4A和4B的视图反转。电池组具有底部外壳234和顶部外壳232。具有电池闩锁236、杆支座238及杆闩锁240的电池闩锁组件安装在当电池组插入电池仓时电池组的朝外的一侧处,电池闩锁组件被底部外壳和顶部外壳固定在位。杆闩锁240具有翼241,翼241被插入在形成于电池闩锁236面上的凹槽或槽中,并且杆支座238安装在底部外壳上以将杆闩锁240枢轴地保持在外壳中。压缩弹簧254布置在电池闩锁236的底端和顶部外壳232之间。凸起部分255布置在电池闩锁238的顶端,并构造成突出穿过槽251,所述槽延伸穿过底部外壳234的厚度。以这种方式,电池闩锁236可以由被用户操作以使凸起部分255与位于机械按压设备内的闩锁接收件接合或脱离从而将电池组插入电池仓或者将电池组从电池仓121释放以移除电池组。
电池输入板242布置在电池组的后端210处,连接器220、指示器225和按钮230被安装至电池输入板242(图4B)。使用一个或多个螺钉250将输入板256安装至底部外壳232。也可使用一个或多个螺钉256将输入板紧固至顶部外壳252。在有些实施方式中,防水垫片262可用于抵御液体侵入电池组内部。另外,标签260可用于向用户提供与指示器225提供的多种指示有关的信息。
使用螺钉或其他紧固件258将电池管理板244安装至电池组件246,处理器、存储器和用于管理电池的多种操作的电路(将在下文详细描述)被安装至电池管理板244。电池组件246包括一个或多个电池248。电池248可以是利用多种电池化学成分(例如镍金属氢化物、氢化锂、锂离子等)的电池。电池管理板244和电池组件246也可包括安装在电池组件246左侧和右侧上的一对防干扰板266,以保护每个电池248的端子免于与组件的其他部分意外接触,因此提供了阻止电池短路的防护。
电池组200也包括布置在顶部外壳中的至少一个排气孔264,如图所示,以允许电池组的排气,防止在电池组充电或放电期间由电池248产生的潜在易燃或爆炸性气体的聚集。尽管示出为布置在顶部外壳中,本领域技术人员将会理解的是排气孔可以被布置为穿过电池组的任意壁或侧面。排气孔264可以是延伸穿过电池组的壁或侧面的单个孔。或者,排气孔264可包括过滤装置265,如筛子或疏水膜,以防止颗粒或流体或湿气入侵电池组内部。这种排气孔的额外的优点是,该一个或多个排气孔在电池组的内部和外部之间提供了压力的平衡,比如这会出现在电池组运输到更高或更低的海拔时。
操作上述机械按压设备需要稳定的电源。在紧急的情况下给病人提供复苏救治,要求设备使用30分钟或更久不是不常见的。机械按压设备的电动机的扭矩和功率需求在进行按压期间需要高达70安培的峰值电流。如果不能通过电池向控制按压的电动机供应充足的电流,则电压会降低并且电动机可能不能够产生充足的扭矩以确保完成病人的胸部的按压。
本发明的发明者已经意识到当电池在恒定功率消耗条件下时,确保更久和稳定的电池操作的关键是具有非常低的内部总电阻。已经发现在需要高功率的设备中是有用的这样一种电池化学成分是使用锂离子化学成分的电池,如在A123系统公司中可获得的ANR26650M1型或ANR26650Ml-B型锂离子电池。
图6是示出了根据本发明的电池组300的一个实施方式的示意图。电池组300包括11个锂离子化学电池,如上述的ANR26650M1型或ANR26650Ml-B型锂离子电池。每个电池提供3.3伏的电压,并且11个电池串联连接以提供36.3伏的总电压。使用这种电池,可以制造出根据本发明的原理的电池组的一种实施方式,该电池组重约3磅。观察已表明这种电池提供1550瓦至2000瓦的功率,并且优选地提供1800瓦的峰值功率。这提供了预期的重量功率比。另外,还发现了能够供应略小于100瓦/时的能量的实施方式。尽管在这个示范性实施方式中使用了11个电池,但根据待供电的设备的需求可以使用更多或更少的电池。
为了提供操作按压设备的电动机所需的电流量,发明者已发现使电池组的内部电阻最小化是相当重要的。因此,使用的锂离子(Li-离子)电池应该具有较低的内部DC(直流)电阻,优选地每个电池低于15毫欧,并且更优选地低于12.5毫欧。
尽管锂离子电池能够提供在延长的时间段操作机械按压设备所需的电压和电流,但在电池的再充电阶段和放电阶段期间必须小心以确保电池在其预期寿命内继续工作。众所周知锂离子电池不应该被过充电,也不应该被过放电。因此,本发明的多个实施方式包括检测并控制电池的放电及再充电循环的能力。这些实施方式将在下文详细描述。
如前所述,11个锂离子电池310通过主电源总线320串联。总线320具有正极侧和负极侧或接地侧,对于DC电路这是典型的。总线320通过接口330将电池提供的直流电传递至负载(在此实例中,为机械按压设备)。如在图6中所示,接口330是具有7个连接插针的针连接器。可选地,可以使用插口,或者插针与插口的组合,使用多于或少于7个插针或插口。
总线320的正极侧连接至接口330的插针7。类似地,总线320的负极侧连接至接口330的插针6。接口的插针1-5用于传输涉及电池组检测和控制的多种信号,也传输至待供电的设备,使得在电池组和待供电设备之间能够交换信息和控制信号。在下文中将对包括这些特征的本发明的多个示范性实施方式进行详细地描述。
再次回到图6,总线320的正极侧包括保险丝342以保护电路免受过流的情况。保险丝342可以是,例如,30安培的保险丝。在这种情况下,大于30安培的持续电流流过保险丝342将导致保险丝开路,使总线320产生的电路断路并且停止电流从电池的流出。尽管未示出,也存在有监测保险丝的熔断丝检测电路,并且,如果保险丝已熔断,熔断丝检测电路会向组控制器提供保险丝熔断的信号。电池组控制器然后提供指示电池不适合使用的信号。该信号例如可以是LED颜色的变化,或者一些其他状态指示器的激活或去激活。可选地,电池组控制可以向由电池供电的装备提供信号,然后电池组控制可以向用户提供电池未准备好投入使用的指示。
主总线320的正极侧也包括多个n-沟道场效应晶体管(n-FET)340、350和360。这些n-FET提供电路的切换和控制。使用n-FET是因为它们提供了电阻非常低的开关,符合使得电池的内部总电阻最小化的设计要求。n-FET另一个独特的性能是它们能够传导高电流负载,而不会损坏且也不会产生过多的热量。已发现的适合用在本发明的多种实施方式中的n-FET的一个实例是可从Digi-Key公司获得的IRLS3036型。
在典型的设计中,p-FET设备可用作开关并且可被放置在主总线的高压侧。然而,p-FET的电阻是n-FET设备的电阻的两倍或更多倍。因此,为了处理和n-FET设备一样的电流,将需要多个并联的p-FET。另外,多个p-FET的使用也需要使用散热器以消散p-FET导通时产生的热量。这在电池组内空间有限的情况下是不利的。
类似地,n-FET设备会典型地用在主总线的低压侧,用于接通或断开总线中的电流。然而,在这种情况下使用n-FET会断开电池的接地,这导致电路中的噪声并干涉电池管理系统电路的多个元件之间的通信。因此,本发明已将n-FET开关放置在主线的高压侧,这提供了有效的主线开关而不会产生在使用p-FET时可能产生的过多热量。将n-FET放置在主线的高压侧也消除了电路接地断开的问题。
在一些实施方式中,一个或多个电阻器(如电阻器370和380)可插入主总线电路的负极侧(或低压侧)。这些电阻器提供分接主总线的能力以监控流经电路的电流的多个方面。例如,在一个实施方式中,电阻器370跨接了电池平衡和初级保护电路的输入线路,将在下文详细描述。电阻器370的典型值是,例如,2.5毫欧。
在另一个实施方式中,电阻器380可以跨接充电状态监测器,也称作“气体压力计”。在这个实施方式中,电阻器380的值可以是,例如,5毫欧。
在充电和放电期间每个电池310都是被单独监控的,从而分别地控制充电和放电的速率。在一个示范性实施方式中,如在图6中所示,独立的电池分接线390连接到每个电池及电池监控和平衡电路400。
初级保护
在充电期间,独立监控每个电池的电压以防止电池的过充电。在一个示范性实施方式中,在微芯片上的监控系统可以是,例如,电池组保护和监控集成电路(IC)410,如可从O2Micro获得的OZ890,该监控系统用于控制多个电池的充电。在这种设置中,电池监控线路390提供正信号到IC 410的代表性插针输入端。例如,使用IC 410的输入线路BC1监控电池1,并如此类推直至电池11,使用IC 410的输入线路BC11监控电池11。
如果IC 410的控制电路检测出电池中的不平衡,则IC 410在适当的外部泄放控制线路CB1-CB11上提供信号。如在图6中所示,当适当的外部泄放控制线路CB1-CB11上的信号被施加到n-FET 420的栅极时,允许电流穿过n-FET 420的源极和漏极,然后穿过电阻器430,这导致电流旁流过电池并且暂停电池的充电。从图6可以看出,每个电池有其专用的电阻器和n-FET的组合,与IC 410电通信以用于监控每个电池并防止每个单独的电池过充电。
在一些实施方式中,电池平衡和初级保护IC 410也可用于监控电池组的总电压。例如,当所有电池都达到它们的最大电压时,IC 410可以发出低信号到n-FET 350的栅极以打开n-FET 350的源极和漏极之间的通道,并因此打开主总线电路320。这样导致充电电流停止通过电池,并因此暂停充电过程。
类似地,在电池放电期间,IC 410监控电池的跨接电压。当电池的跨接电压下降到小于阈值水平(例如,21伏)时,IC 410将线路450的信号驱动为较低的,这反过来闭合n-FET360,这中断了主总线电路。这会防止由于去除了电池中的太多电荷而导致的电池损坏,去除太多电荷会导致减短电池寿命。
IC 410也可包括并控制温度测量性能,该性能被设计成监控电池组和/或单独的电池的温度以防止过热。在这个实施方式中,使用一个或多个热敏电阻460以沿线路470给IC 410提供温度信号。如果IC 410确定电池的温度太高或者太低,则IC 410可将n-FET 350和360之一或两者都驱动为较低的,打开主总线320并隔离电池组。应当理解的是,尽管为了清晰仅示出单独的线路470,但是线路470包括适当数量的导体以监控温度监控电路中使用的与IC 410通信的所有热敏电阻的功能。
IC 410可通过在线路480提供故障信号(然后该被故障信号用于使得LED 490点亮),来额外提供故障状态的可视指示。这种由初级保护电路感测的故障状态的视觉信号表明了电池组已通过IC 410呈现出非功能性,并且表明需要修复或维护电池组。
次级保护
本发明的一些实施方式也可包括针对灾难性故障或过电压保护的次级保护。这样的次级保护可以由多个电路提供,所述电路被设计成监控电池组的电压和/或经过主总线的电流,并设计成在超过电流或电压的一定阈值时会采取措施。在一个实施方式中,这种保护可由集成电路500,例如,可从O2Micro获得的OZ8800提供。本领域技术人员将会理解的是,根据电池组中使用的电池数量,需要多于1个的IC 500。例如,OZ8800次级电池保护集成电路可监控3至7个单独的电池。因此,当使用11个电池时需要2个OZ8800。
IC 500通过监控线路312来监控每个电池的电压。在一些实施方式中,可采用时间延迟,这允许存在临时过电压状态。在由于电压未回落到可接受范围而导致超过时间阈值的情况下,IC 500通过故障线路510发送低信号到n-FET 340以关闭n-FET 340。每个电池都由类似的电路监控。
从图6中可以明显看出,除非向每个n-FET的栅极施加正电压,否则上述n-FET均处于正常闭合状态。因此,导致电压减小到低于栅极处的n-FET的阈值水平的任何故障都会引起n-FET打开,因此提供对电池和电池管理电路的额外保护。
气体压力计
本发明的另一个实施方式包括“气体压力计”功能,该功能监控电池组中剩余的可用电量。这种气体压力计功能可以由经设计成执行不同的任务(如根据电池的使用时间、放电速率和温度计算用于使用状态和用于待机状态的剩余电池容量)的集成电路来提供。这种电路也可确定在从接近满充电状态到接近完全放电状态的放电循环过程中的真实电池容量。
图6示出这种气体压力计电路600的一个实例。使用集成电路610(如可从TexasInstruments公司的获取的bq2060A)以实现电池组的监控。IC 610与外部EEPROM 620协同工作。EEPROM 620为IC 610存储配置信息,如电池中使用的化学成分、电池的自放电速率、多种速率补偿因素、测量校准、以及电池设计电压和容量。所有的这些设置都可以改变从而允许系统使用多种电池类型。另外,IC 610可通过后侧总线电路630与中央处理器和存储器通信。如此,可使用来自中央处理器的控制信号将IC 610和EEPROM 620配置成适应不同类型的电池,这些电池由系统内的其他电路检测并识别,或者由用户手动识别。在可选实施方式中,IC 610也可与电池组控制器配合以使用嵌入到软件中的适当控制指令来增加气体压力计在低电流消耗状态下的报告精度,所述控制指令控制电池组控制器和气体压力计的操作的中以执行实施该功能需要的算法。
通常,通过IC 610与IC 800的结合使用来实施气体压力计功能,以通过监控输入到电池中或从电池移出的电荷量来及时地确定满充电的电池容量和在任意点的剩余容量。另外,当跨接电阻器380进行检测时,IC 610测量电池电压、电池温度和电流。在有些实施方式中,IC 610也可估计电池的自放电速率,并且也监控电池的低压阈值。如上所述,IC 610通过监控跨接电阻器380的电压而测量电池的充电量和放电量,其中所述电阻器位于(串联连接的电池中的)第一电池310的负极端子和电池组的负极端子之间。通过这个测得的电压及根据环境和操作状态校正测量,可以确定可用电池电荷。
IC 610也可测量电池组的温度从而实施上述估计和调节。在一个实施方式中,热敏电阻640以够测量电池组的一个电池或多个电池的温度的方式与电池组的所述一个电池或多个电池相邻安装。在测量所述一个电池或多个电池温度的同时,IC 610通过用线路660提供适当的信号将n-FET 650的栅极驱动为高,从而将偏置电压源连接到热敏电阻640。一旦测量结束,IC 610将n-FET 650的栅极驱动为低,打开n-FET并因此使热敏电阻640从偏压源断开。
在每次电池充电时IC 610可被重置,以使得所报告的电池中的剩余电荷量是精确的。电池组管理电路或电池组控制器800(在下文中更详细地描述)用重置线路670提供信号以将n-FET 680的栅极驱动为高。这样导致电流通过n-FET 680,使得重置信号被提供给IC610从而重置IC 610的电池容量计数器。
在另一个实施方式中,IC 610可包括密封/解封功能,该功能防止未经授权地访问存储在IC 610或EEPROM 620中的参数。电池组控制器800可以用线路680发送信号将n-FET690的栅极驱动为高,该操作闭合了n-FET 690从而允许指令和数据在IC 610与EEPROM 630之间流动。该数据可包括,例如,更新了的校准信息等。在可选实施方式中,仅使用来自电池组控制器的软件指令来控制IC 610和EEPROM 630,而不需要控制n-FET 690,就可控制IC610和EEPROM 630之间的数据流动。
电池组控制器
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,电池管理系统包括电池组控制器800,电池组控制器充当由电池管理系统实施的多个功能的整体管理器。取决于在电池组界限内的可用空间量,电池组控制器800典型地是集成电路,尽管可以使用实施相同功能的分立电路。
例如,电池组控制器800可以是低或超低功率微控制器,如可从TexasInstruments公司获取的MSP430F2418混合信号控制器。这种控制器可包括存储器,如随机存取存储器或闪存以提供电池管理系统的多个功能的快速且高效地执行。电池组控制器800还具有通过一条或多条通信总线,如后侧总线630和前侧总线810与外围设备、电路或存储器通信的性能。通信总线典型地使用如I2C总线(Philips公司的商标)或系统管理总线(SMBus)的通信协议。在下文中对SMBus更详细地描述。
适当的软件指令用于对电池组控制器800的功能编程。这种软件包括配置通信协议接口(例如,SMBus接口)的指令。该软件也可配置电池组控制器以监控关键电池组参数,该软件通过通信线路810、820、822、后侧总线630、前侧总线810和检测线路824,以及其他未示出的通信线路或将在以后添加的线路获得这些参数。
当适当地编程之后,电池组控制器800也和一个或多个存储设备,例如事件档案库EEPROM 900通信。这种档案库具有,尽管例如,但不限制于此,64千字节(64K)的存储器,可用于存储电池组的充电和放电周期中发生的多种事件的历史,例如总充电量、卸放的能量总量、电池温度、任何发生的故障,或者与独立电池和/或用于管理和控制电池的操作所采用的多种电路相关的其他信息。
电池组控制器800也可通过编程与存储器和/或处理器通信,例如,EEPROM 1000。在图6示出的示范性实施方式中,EEPROM 1000可以位于由电池组供电的机械按压设备中,或者它可以被纳入电池组并且被配置成可以通过由电池供电的设备访问。在这个实例中,电池组控制器800通过前侧总线810与机械按压设备中的EEPROM 1000和/或处理器通信,前侧总线通过连接器330接触机械按压设备中的相似总线。如此,在电池组与由电池组供电的设备之间建立双向通信连接以允许在电池组与被供电的设备之间交换信息。例如,在电池组与被供电的设备进行通信时,更新的操作参数或指令(包括更新的软件)可以从被供电的设备加载到电池组。类似地,包含在事件档案库EEPROM 900中的信息可从电池组中存在的任意存储器传输到EEPROM 1000,或者传输到构造成通过后侧总线810通信的任意其他存储器(如便携式存储设备)。
应当理解的是,这种通信能力也允许电池与除将要由电池供电的设备以外的其他设备通信。例如,典型地,电池组将与被供电的设备分离以进行再充电。当电池组连接到电池充电器时,电池充电器可用于通过前侧总线810从电池组的一个或多个存储器中得到信息,和/或将更新后的数据、信息、编程指令或软件传输至电池。这种通信过程将典型地使用用于通讯的通信协议(例如SMBus协议)中阐述的能够在位于充电器中或其他设备中的处理器与电池组的电池组控制器800之间进行交换的多种信息交换和通信对话来管理。在有些实施方式中,当电池插入待供电的设备中时也可以进行涓流充电,其中被充电的设备也连接到外部电源。
本发明的又一些实施方式可包括如下能力:在电池组插入电池充电器或插入待供电的设备(例如机械按压设备)时,由电池组控制器800管理的识别能力。例如,电池组控制器800可被配置成使用适当的软件和/或硬件指令以提供信号到IC 410和IC 500从而提供高信号到n-FET 340、350和360的栅极以关闭这些开关,并因此仅当检测电路1100通过线路824发送适当的信号(该信号指示电池组正确安装在待供电的设备中)到电池组控制器800中时,才在连接器330的正极插针和负极插针处提供全电池电压。
在一个实施方式中,电池组控制器800监控连接到机械开关或联锁的线路,当电池正确插入充电器或待供电的设备中时所述机械开关或联锁被强制关闭。在另一个实施方式中,电池组控制器800监控连接到电池连接器的一个或多个插针的信号线。当通过该信号线接收到适当的信号时,电池组控制器800确定电池已正确地插入充电器或待供电的设备中,并且电池组控制器800提供高信号到上述n-FET 340、350和360的栅极。该实施方式特别有利,因为电池组控制器800可编程为仅当接收到特殊信号时才进行响应,确保在向n-FET340、350和360的栅极提供高信号之前,电池已插入到被设计成容纳电池的特定类型或者构成的充电器或待供电的设备中。
这些实施方式是有利的,因为在连接器330的正极和负极端子之间发生意外短路的情况下阻止了电池的放电。根据存储在电池组的电池中的能量,这样的放电可能是灾难性的。因此,在这个实施方式中,在电池组未连接至充电器或待供电的设备(如上述机械按压设备)时,除非电池组正确安装在构造成提供适当的信号至检测电路1100的设备中,否则电池组的连接器330的正极和负极端子之间没有电压,因此提供了电池组安全的处理、存储和运输。
电池组控制器800也可被编程以提供密码访问以允许改变存储在EEPROM 900和620中的设置和参数,并在发生故障时提供适当的信号来驱动LED 490。也可包括额外的性能,被配置成使用适当的软件和/或硬件指令向电池管理系统提供额外的功能。例如,这类功能可包括驱动能指示电池中的总剩余电量等的显示器。在可从Texas Instruments公司获取的一篇标题为“MSP430F241x,MSP430F26lx Mixed Signal Microcontroller(MSP430F241x、MSP430F26lx型混合信号微控制器)”、SLAS54lF-2007年6月-2009年12月修订的文献中,给出了可纳入组控制器800(尤其当组控制器800是MSP430F2418(或这种控制器系列的其他成员)时)中的多种性能的更全面的描述,以上内容通过引用被全部包括在此以供参考。
智能总线通信
显然,包含在本发明的多个实施方式中的多种处理器和集成电路以及逻辑系统,由于它们可以通过前侧总线320和后侧总线630相互通信,使得它们能够作为一个统一的系统运行。在有些实施方式中,使用系统管理总线(SMBus)规范执行通过这些总线进行的通信。SMBus是双线接口,通过双线接口,在其它电路之中,多种系统组件芯片,如IC 410、IC610、次级保护系统500、事件档案库900、EEPROM 1000和电池组控制器800可以相互通信并且可与系统的其余部分通信。与SMBus规范相关的进一步的信息包含在“SystemManagement Bus(SMBus)Specification Version 2.0(系统管理总线(SMBus)规范2.0版)”,SBS Implementers Forum(SBS工具论坛),2000年8月3日,以上内容通过引用被全部包括在此以供参考。
升压电路
发明者已观察到,在本发明的有些实施方式中,驱动n-FET闭合所需的电压超过了电池组的可用电压。例如,在使用要求偏置电压为10伏的n-FET时,为了充分地驱动n-FET以允许适当的电压通过n-FET从而对电池充电或放电,该n-FET需要的驱动电压是偏置电压再加上电池电压。因此,包括电压升高电路以升高供应到n-FET的栅极的电压从而驱动n-FET传导电池供应的电流。
本领域技术人员将会理解的是,在本发明中使用n-FET导致需要复杂的电路,如升压电路。这种复杂性可以通过使用p-FET消除。然而,发现使用p-FET是不利的,因为将需要多个p-FET来处理能够由一个单独的n-FET处理的相同电流。另外,使用多个p-FET产生的热量可能需要额外一个或多个散热器来消散,这需要在紧凑型电池中具有比可用空间更大的空间。此外,众所周知p-FET的电阻至少是n-FET电阻的两倍,这会增加电池组的整体内部电阻。
尽管已经图示出并说明了本发明的几个具体形式,显然,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可作出多种修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种用于向设备供电的系统,包括:
多个可再充电电池,各可再充电电池具有正极端子和负极端子,所述多个可再充电电池彼此串联电通信;
连接器,用于使所述多个可再充电电池连接至充电器或者通过所述多个可再充电电池待供电的设备;
处理器,用于监测与所述可再充电电池中的每个的充电状态相关的输入;
监测电路,其与所述处理器电通信,所述监测电路用于监测所述可再充电电池中的每个的电压,并将用于所述可再充电电池中的每个的信号提供给所述处理器,所述信号代表跨接所述可再充电电池中的每个的正极端子与负极端子所测得电压的等级,所述监测电路包括将所述可再充电电池中的每个连接到多个泄放电路其中之一的多个开关,所述多个开关中的每个单独地对来自所述处理器的指向所述多个开关至少之一的过电压信号起反应以闭合该多个开关至少之一从而防止所述多个可再充电电池至少之一的过充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述多个开关至少之一是n-FET。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统,进一步包括与所述n-FET电通信的升压电路,所述升压电路构造成向至少一个n-FET开关的栅极提供预定的偏置电压,以驱动所述至少一个n-FET开关传导电流。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括:
温度监测电路,用于监测所述系统的温度并向所述处理器提供与所述系统的温度相关的信号;以及其中所述处理器接收并分析温度信号以确定所述系统的温度是否在预先选定的温度范围之内,并且若所述系统的温度不在所述预先选定的温度范围之内,则所述处理器提供信号到电源开关从而将连接到所述系统的正连接器的电池的正极端子与所述系统的正连接器断开连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括:
隔离电路,与所述处理器电通信,所述隔离电路构造成向所述处理器提供连接信号,所述连接信号指示所述多个可再充电电池的连接器连接到充电器或者待被供电的设备;并且
其中所述处理器通过向电源开关发送信号以闭合所述电源开关来响应所述连接信号,从而提供跨接所述多个可再充电电池的正极端子和负极端子的电压。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括:
通信总线,将所述处理器连接到所述连接器并连接到所述系统的其他组件,所述通信总线构造成在所述处理器与所述系统的所述其他组件之间提供通信,并向所述系统的外部的其他系统、处理器、网络或存储介质提供通信。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统,进一步包括:
指示器,安装在所述系统的外部,所述指示器提供与所述系统的操作相关的信息的可视指示。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中,
所述指示器是LED灯。
9.一种智能电池组系统,包括:
连接器,用于与布置在待被供电的设备内部或上面的连接器接合;
多个可再充电电池,所述电池中的每个都具有正极端子和负极端子,并且所述电池中的每个都通过总线串联连接,所述总线具有与所述连接器的正极端子连接的正极侧以及与所述连接器的负极端子连接的负极侧;
处理器,用于控制电池组系统的操作;
初级保护电路,与所述处理器电通信,所述初级保护电路包括:
电通信的多个监测电路,所述多个监测电路中的每一个用于监测与所述多个电池中的独立电池的充电状态相关的参数,以及
多个泄放电路,所述多个泄放电路中的每个连接到所述多个电池中的独立电池,以响应于通过连接到该电池的监测电路所监测的该电池的参数而对所述电池进行泄放,从而防止该电池的过充电;
次级保护电路,用于保护所述电池组系统防止短路;
充电状态监测电路,包括用于确定流过所述总线的电流量的传感器、与所述传感器电通信的充电状态处理器、与所述充电状态处理器电通信的充电状态存储器,所述充电状态存储器用于存储与所述电池以及与流过所述总线的电流量相关的信息,其中所述充电状态处理器根据存储在所述充电状态存储器中的信息和来自所述传感器的输入而确定来自所述电池的可用电流量;以及
通信总线,与所述连接器、所述处理器、所述初级保护电路、所述次级保护电路和所述充电状态监测电路电通信,用于在所述连接器、所述处理器、所述初级保护电路、所述次级保护电路和所述充电状态监测电路之间提供通信。
10.根据权利要求9所述的智能电池组系统,其中,所述初级保护电路包括初级保护处理器,所述初级保护处理器构造成监测所述电池的充电和放电。
11.根据权利要求9所述的智能电池组系统,其中,所述初级保护电路包括初级保护处理器,所述初级保护处理器构造成控制所述电池的充电和放电。
12.根据权利要求9所述的智能电池组系统,进一步包括:
温度监测电路,用于确定所述电池组的温度,所述温度监测电路将所述电池组的温度传输到所述初级保护电路;并且
其中,所述初级保护电路构造成,如果所述电池组的温度不在预先选定的温度值范围内则发送信号到电源开关以将所述电源开关打开。
13.根据权利要求9所述的智能电池组系统,进一步包括:
电池组隔离电路,与所述处理器电通信,所述电池组隔离电路构造成提供连接信号到所述处理器,所述连接信号指示所述电池组的连接器连接到电池充电器或者待被供电的设备;并且
其中,所述处理器通过发送信号到电源开关以将所述电源开关闭合来响应所述连接信号,从而提供跨接所述连接器的正极端子和负极端子的电压。
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CA2834654A1 (en) 2012-11-01
WO2012149477A2 (en) 2012-11-01
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EP2702663A2 (en) 2014-03-05
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