CN108634090A - A kind of chicken manure fermenting method that true protein content is high - Google Patents
A kind of chicken manure fermenting method that true protein content is high Download PDFInfo
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- CN108634090A CN108634090A CN201810364725.7A CN201810364725A CN108634090A CN 108634090 A CN108634090 A CN 108634090A CN 201810364725 A CN201810364725 A CN 201810364725A CN 108634090 A CN108634090 A CN 108634090A
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- fermentation
- chicken manure
- lactic acid
- saccharomycete
- aerobic
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 70
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- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/141—Farciminis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to changing rejected material to useful resource fields, and in particular to a kind of chicken manure fermenting method that true protein content is high.The technical solution used for：Pretreated chicken manure and the wheat bran of hot air sterilization, corn flour are mixed by mass fraction and adjust the mixed material of water content to 50% or so；First inoculation yeast bacterium carries out aerobic fermentation, inoculates lactic acid bacteria and carries out anaerobic fermentation.It finally obtains with strong wine flavour and frankincense taste and the loose fermentate of quality, true protein content reaches 20%, greatly improves the Feeding Value of fermentation poultry dung, is applied in the feeding of growing and fattening pigs, feedstuff-meat ratio accessible 2.45, has important practical significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to changing rejected material to useful resource fields, and in particular to a kind of chicken manure fermenting method that true protein content is high.
Background technology
Aquaculture is fast-developing in recent years, and laying hen, broiler breeding scale constantly expand, and chicken manure amount is on the increase, if do not had
It obtains timely processing or deals with improperly, the environment of farm and its periphery can be polluted.The alimentary canal of chicken is short, feed
Residence time is not grown wherein, and the feed digestion eaten is using insufficient, and a large amount of nutriment is discharged with excrement, in excrement
Still there is quite a few nutriment not by body digestibility and utilization, chicken manure is only used as compost mostly at present, wherein abundant nutrition
Substance is not fully used.
In broiler chicken manure, crude protein content 25%~30%, true albumen about 13%.Wherein, containing more in crude protein
Nonprotein nitrogen, based on amide and lithate, uric acid content in non-protein is up to half, if by chicken manure directly as feeding
Material, animal use rate are low.In addition, its Direct-fed animal can also be led containing cure the disease bacterium, virus, parasite etc. in chicken manure
Cause the generation of disease.
To sum up, chicken manure cannot be directly used to feeding animals, it is necessary to do harmless treatment, with reach improve true protein content,
The purpose of deodorization, sterilizing, dehydration, to improve feeding value and feeding effect.The feed of chicken manure fermenting production at present only weighs mostly
Depending on the variation of crude protein before and after the processing and flavor, rarely has the influence for focusing on chicken manure fermenting to true protein content.And it is main in chicken manure
Nonprotein nitrogen be amide and uric acid, and true albumen is only the really necessary nutrient protein wanted of animal, especially nonruminant.
Therefore it provides it is a kind of improve chicken manure fermenting after true protein content fermentation process, have important practical significance.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of chicken manure fermenting methods that true protein content is high.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of chicken manure that true protein content is high hair
Fermenting process includes the following steps：
(1) chicken manure pre-processes：Chicken manure is heat-treated 0.5~2h under 70~100 DEG C of hot conditions；
(2) fermentation substrate premixes：By mass fraction, by 5~7 parts of pretreated chicken manure, 1~2 part of wheat bran, corn flour 1
~2 parts of mixings, adjustment water content obtain fermentation substrate to 50%；
(3) aerobic fermentation：By saccharomycete press 5% inoculum concentration, be inoculated into fermentation substrate, under the conditions of 20~35 DEG C into
Act charitably aerobe fermentation for 24 hours~48h, fermentation extremely：Visually aerobic solid-state fermentation material is obtained with white hypha in visible fermentation substrate；
(4) anaerobic fermentation：The inoculum concentration that lactic acid bacteria is pressed to 5%, is inoculated into aerobic solid-state fermentation material, at 20~35 DEG C
Under the conditions of seal 48~96h of anaerobic fermentation, fermentation extremely：Fermentation substrate pH value reaches 4 hereinafter, having strong wine flavour and frankincense
Taste, quality is loose, and fermentation is completed.
Preferably, step (3) the aerobic fermentation time is 36h.
Preferably, step (3) described saccharomycete is：Abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast, candida tropicalis, candida utili
Three Yeasts are 1 by inoculum concentration:(2~3):(2~3) it mixes, the bacteria concentration ＞ 1.0 × 10 of each saccharomycete9A/mL.
Preferably, step (3) described saccharomycete is：Abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast, candida tropicalis, candida utili
Three Yeasts are 1 by inoculum concentration:2:2 mixing.
Preferably, step (4) the anaerobic fermentation time is 60h.
Preferably, step (4) described lactic acid bacteria is：Three kinds of lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus farciminis lactic acid bacterias
It is 1 by inoculum concentration:1:1 mixing, the bacteria concentration ＞ 1.0 × 10 of each lactic acid bacteria10A/mL.
Correspondingly, application of the fermentation poultry dung in animal feed.
The invention has the advantages that：
1, the present invention is by heat treatment and Aerobic-anaerobic two-step fermentation, kills or inhibit Shigella, salmonella, mould
The harmful microorganisms such as bacterium, Escherichia coli, roundworm worm's ovum, eliminate harmful substance, ensure the safe to use of fermentation protein feedstuff, together
Shi Zengjia beneficial bacteriums, make chicken manure by waste become can feeding feed stuff, it is environment-friendly and green, of low cost.
2, the method for fermentation poultry dung provided by the invention is divided into two step of aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, ammonia nitrogen and uric acid etc.
The content of nonprotein nitrogen is extremely low, effectively increases the content of true albumen in fermentation poultry dung.
3, the lactic acid bacteria mixed liquor of the fermentate inoculation 5% after aerobic fermentation is carried out anaerobic fermentation by the present invention, selection
In lactic acid bacteria：Lactobacillus acidophilus can adjust intestinal flora balance, inhibit the proliferation of enteron aisle undesirable microorganism, have to pathogenic bacteria short of money
Anti- effect is simultaneously resistant to low pH；There is lactobacillus plantarum good heat, absolute acid stability, fermentate to have frankincense taste；Sausage breast
Bacillus contains immunocompetent a certain substance.Feed after fermentation not only increases frankincense taste, but also can inhibit to feed intestines in livestock and poultry
The breeding of road undesirable microorganism has good feeding performance.
4, the present invention is using the method after anaerobic fermentation after first aerobic fermentation, by true protein content in chicken manure fermented feed from
13.2% (132g/kg) is increased to 20.6% (206g/kg), far above true egg in chicken manure fermented feed after simple anaerobic fermentation
Bai Hanliang (15.9%).
5, simultaneously, the present invention is during the fermentation by the macromolecular substances decomposition and inversion such as crude fibre, crude protein, starch Cheng Yi
The small molecules nutriment such as glucose, amino acid for digesting and assimilating, and abundant vitamin and organic acid, enzyme, polypeptide can be generated
Etc. small molecules nutriment.
Specific implementation mode
One, culture medium of the present invention is as follows：
(1) saccharomycete fluid nutrient medium：Glucose (food-grade) 20g/L, peptone 8g/L, yeast extract 3g/L.
(2) saccharomycete solid medium：Glucose (food-grade) 20g/L, peptone 8g/L, yeast extract 3g/L, 1.5
~2.0% agar.
(3) lactic acid bacteria fluid nutrient medium：Glucose (food-grade) 20g/L, beef extract 5g/L, peptone 15g/L, yeast powder
5g/L, sodium chloride 1g/L, manganese sulfate 0.05g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, K2HPO42g/L, sodium acetate 2g/L, dibasic ammonium citrate
2g/L, Tween80 1ml/L, Tomato juice 50ml.
(4) lactic acid bacteria solid medium：Glucose (food-grade) 20g/L, beef extract 5g/L, peptone 15g/L, yeast powder
5g/L, sodium chloride 1g/L, manganese sulfate 0.05g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, K2HPO42g/L, sodium acetate 2g/L, dibasic ammonium citrate
2g/L, Tween80 1ml/L, Tomato juice 50ml, 1.5~2.0% agar.
Two, the step of fermentation poultry dung of the present invention is as follows：
(1) pretreatment of chicken manure：Chicken manure is heat-treated 0.5~2h under 70~100 DEG C of hot conditions, kill pathogen and
Worm's ovum ensures the safe to use of fermentation protein feedstuff.
(2) pretreatment of wheat bran and corn flour：Wheat bran and corn flour 5~8h of dry heat treatment under the conditions of 60~80 DEG C.
(3) mixing of fermentation substrate：
Pretreated chicken manure, wheat bran and corn flour are mixed, weight ratio is 5~7 parts of chicken manure, wheat bran 1~2
Part, 1~2 part of corn flour.Ensure that mixed mixing water content of matter reaches 50%, if moisture content is not up to 50%, need to add suitable
When water be adjusted；If moisture content is excessively high, suitably plus wheat bran is adjusted.
Ensure that the method that moisture content reaches 50% after the fermentation substrate mixes is：(1) quantitative to calculate：Pass through containing for each raw material
Water rate and additive amount calculate the moisture content of mixed material after mixing；(2) sense organ judges：It is hand-tight to hold mixed material, have between finger
Water droplet but the degree that can scatter of landing of loosing one's grip cannot be reached at water droplet toward flowing down.
(4) preparation of microbial inoculum：
1) saccharomycete selects three kinds of strains：Abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast, candida tropicalis, outstanding fourth Pichia pastoris；Lactic acid
Bacterium selects three kinds of strains：Lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus farciminis.
Above-mentioned each strain is activated into (activation method through above-mentioned saccharomycete solid medium and lactic acid bacteria solid medium respectively
For：Slant medium with strain is taken out from refrigerating chamber, is inoculated on new solid medium, 48h is cultivated at 30 DEG C).
After activation, then aseptically, weight in wet base 100mg is taken to be inoculated into the corresponding Liquid Culture of 500ml triangular flasks respectively
It is cultivated in base, 28 DEG C, 200rpm, 48h, culture is extremely：Each saccharomycete menses cell plates count viable count reach 1.0 ×
109A/mL or more, each lactic acid bacteria reach 1.0 × 10 through plate count viable count10A/mL or more.
2) above-mentioned each yeast seeds are pressed into liquid volume ratio：Abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast：Candida tropicalis：Jie Dingbi
Red yeast=1:(2~3):(2~3) it mixes, as microbial inoculum A；
Above-mentioned each lactic acid bacteria culturers are pressed into liquid volume ratio：Lactobacillus acidophilus：Lactobacillus plantarum：Lactobacillus farciminis=1:1:
1 mixing, as microbial inoculum B.
(5) aerobic solid-state fermentation：
Above-mentioned microbial inoculum A is added to according to the additive amount of 5% (v/w) in the fermentation substrate described in step (2), it is fully mixed
It closes, is fitted into round after mixing, be used in combination 4 layers of gauze of sterilizing to cover, aerobic fermentation is carried out for 24 hours under the conditions of 20~35 DEG C
~48h obtains aerobic fermentation material with a large amount of white hyphas in fermentation to the visible fermentation substrate of naked eyes.
The aerobic fermentation stage, saccharomycete bred under aerobic conditions quickly, biomass it is more, can efficiently utilize fermentation substrate in
The synthesising thalli proteins such as soluble sugar, ammonia, uric acid, to improve the true protein content in fermentation substrate, and reduce ammonia and urine
The non-protein nitrogen contents such as acid.
(6) anaerobic solid-state fermentation：After aerobic fermentation, the microbial inoculum B for accounting for fermentation substrate 5% is accessed in fermentation materials,
48~96h of anaerobic fermentation is sealed under the conditions of 20~35 DEG C, fermentation is extremely：Fermentation substrate pH value reaches 4 hereinafter, having strong wine
Fragrance and frankincense taste, quality are loose.
In anaerobic fermentation process, lactic acid bacteria generates various secondary metabolism acidic materials, reduces aerobic solid-state fermentation material
PH value, to inhibit pathogenic microorganism growth and breeding；Meanwhile in the process, saccharomycete generates wine flavour substance, lactic acid bacteria production
Lactogenesis fragrance matter, further increases palatability.
(7) above-mentioned to obtain chicken manure fermenting product after fermentation, directly the fresh material of tunning can be added according to actual conditions
It is added in feed, dehydration can also be formed to the siccative easily stored, then be added in feed when needed.
With reference to embodiment, invention is further explained.
Embodiment 1：The screening of saccharomycete
Crude protein content is 25%~30% in chicken manure, more nonprotein nitrogen is contained in crude protein, nonprotein nitrogen is again with ammonification
Based on object and uric acid.Therefore, can efficiently using in chicken manure carbon nitrogen ammoniate carry out fast-growth breeding, can efficiently by
Nonprotein nitrogen is converted into true albumen, is the key that selection saccharomycete.Therefore, the present embodiment utilizes the mixing nitrogen in chicken manure, ammonification
Object and uric acid screen saccharomycete as unique nitrogen source.
1, the culture medium of different nitrogen sources is prepared：
(1) a small amount of minerals and liquid microelement (mg/L)：CaCl2·2H20 17930；Na2HP4·H2O 6408；
KH2PO44272；MgSO4·7H2O 4920；FeCl3·6H2O 290；CuSO4·5H2O 20；MnSO4·7H2O 110。
(2) chicken manure leaches liquid culture medium：
Chicken manure leachate：With fresh chicken manure：Water=1:6, it is filtered after being sufficiently stirred, liquid is chicken manure leachate, the leaching
Existing carbon source has mixed nitrogen again in liquid.
In parts by weight, 9 portions of chicken manure leachates are taken, 1 part of above-mentioned a small amount of minerals and liquid microelement is added, adds agar
18g/L, pH=6.5~7.0,121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min.Tablet is made after sterilizing, referred to as admittedly 1.
(3) respectively with the (NH of 4g/L4)2SO4, 1.5g/L uric acid as nitrogen source, be separately added into glucose 10g/L, above-mentioned
A small amount of minerals and liquid microelement 100mL, benefit are filled with water to 1L, 18g/L, pH=6.5~7.0,121 DEG C of sterilizing 30min of agar.
Tablet is made after sterilizing, is briefly referred to as solid 2, solid 3.
(4) three kinds of different nitrogen sources fluid nutrient mediums, in addition to being not added with agar, other compositions and the complete phase of above-mentioned solid medium
Together, following to be briefly referred to as liquid 1, liquid 2, liquid 3.
2, the ratio choosing of yeast strain
(1) selection of saccharomycete
Select following total 8 Yeasts：
Abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast (Wickerhamomyces anomalus, number A)；Candida utili
(Cyberlindnera jadinii, number B)；Above 2 kinds of bacterium are purchased from CGMCC.
Candida tropicalis (Candida utilis, number C)；1 (Saccharomyces of saccharomyces cerevisiae
Cerevisiae, number E), saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, number JS)；The inferior ferment of the moral Bali Chinese
Female (Debaryomyces hansenii, number JRJ)；Pichia kudriavzevii (Pichia kudriavzevii,
Number is GJ)；Grape juice has the spore Hansenula yeast (Hanseniaspora uvarum, number PCJ), above 6 saccharomycete to be
The separation of this laboratory preserves.
(2) growth in saccharomycete solid medium
After above-mentioned 8 saccharomycete is activated, a ring is respectively taken to be inoculated on the plating medium of saccharomycete respectively, 28 DEG C of cultures
36h.Take a ring bacterium solution that the single bacterium colony of each Yeasts is inoculated into respectively equipped in 5mL fluid nutrient mediums with oese again, 28
DEG C, 180rpm cultivates 36h.Each liquid yeast bacterium of culture is inoculated into respectively on above-mentioned solid 1, solid 2, solid 3, under the conditions of 28 DEG C
After cultivating 72h, utilization power and growing state of the different saccharomycete to different nitrogen sources are observed.
It is given a mark in three kinds of culture medium growing states to above-mentioned each saccharomycete according to bacterium colony size.Specific method is：Profit
Colony diameter is measured with vernier caliper, Zhi Jing≤3mm are 4 points；Diameter is 3 points in 3~2mm；2~1mm of diameter is 2 points；Diameter 1
~0.5mm is 1 point；Diameter ＜ 0.5mm are 0 point.Growing state marking of each saccharomycete on different nitrogen sources solid medium is such as
Shown in table 1.It is specific as shown in table 1.
Growing state of the different saccharomycete of table 1 on each solid medium
| Strain number | Gu 1 | Gu 2 | Gu 3 |
| A | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| B | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| C | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| E | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| JS | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| JRJ | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| GJ | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| PCJ | 2 | 0 | 0 |
As can be seen from Table 1：A, the growing state of B, C, E on each solid medium is preferable, wherein A, B, C are grown
It is relatively best.
(3) growth in saccharomycete fluid nutrient medium
Above-mentioned each saccharomycete is inoculated with respectively in 1 ring to 3 kinds of fluid nutrient mediums again, after 28 DEG C of culture 36h, measures OD values.
Under the conditions of same medium, OD values are higher, and bacterial content is better, and the results are shown in Table 2.
OD of the 2 each saccharomycete of table on each fluid nutrient medium540nmValue
| Strain | Liquid 1 | Liquid 2 | Liquid 3 |
| A | 0.121 | 1.108 | 1.122 |
| B | 0.124 | 1.200 | 1.128 |
| C | 0.109 | 1.116 | 1.108 |
| E | 0.095 | 0.983 | 1.102 |
| JS | 0.063 | 0.420 | 0.532 |
| JRJ | 0.061 | 0.558 | 0.601 |
| CJ | 0.071 | 0.815 | 0.973 |
| PCJ | 0.066 | 0.601 | 0.651 |
(4) interpretation of result
In table 2, the OD values of 1 each bacterium of liquid are generally low, and reason may be chicken manure deeper, and the blank value that leaches liquid culture medium color
With the color of bacteria-containing chicken manure leachate very close to therefore saying that measured value variation is less apparent with the method.
According to growing state of each saccharomycete on the solid medium and fluid nutrient medium of three kinds of different nitrogen sources, tied than choosing
Fruit is ordered as：A, B, C, E, GJ, PCJ, JRJ, JS, first three plant of bacterium (A, B, C) is on three kinds of different nitrogen sources solid mediums and liquid
It is grown in body culture medium relatively good.It is respectively according to its corresponding bacterium name is numbered：A is abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast, C is the torrid zone
Candida, B are candida utili, this three saccharomycete is as fermentation bacterial strain.
3, saccharomycete combination is preferred
(1) different proportion combination and the number of inoculum concentration are pressed, as follows：
Processing 1：Only connect abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast；Processing 2：Only connect candida utili；Processing 3：Only connect tropical false silk
Yeast；
Processing 4：+ 1/3 candida tropicalis of 1/3+1/3 candida utili of abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast；
Processing 5:+ 2/5 candida tropicalis of 1/5+2/5 candida utili of abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast；
Processing 6:+ 2/5 candida tropicalis of 2/5+1/5 candida utili of abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast；
Processing 7：+ 1/5 candida tropicalis of 2/5+2/5 candida utili of abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast.
Blank control group：Not inoculation yeast bacterium, other fermented ingredients and condition of culture all same.
(2) the aerobic solid-state fermentation method that each saccharomycete is pressed to above-mentioned fermentation poultry dung, respectively ferments to equivalent chicken manure,
Wherein, chicken manure heat treatment condition is：60min at 85 DEG C；Chicken manure 7kg, wheat bran 1.5kg, corn flour 1.5kg；It ferments at 30 DEG C
36h.By above-mentioned 7 processing groups respectively according to total inoculum concentration be 5% (v/w), be added fermentation substrate, 30 DEG C, aerobic fermentation 36h.
The effect of each group chicken manure fermenting is measured, as shown in table 3.
Chicken manure Comparative after the reason of 3 each group other places of table
| Number | Ammonia-nitrogen content (g/kg) | Uric acid content (g/kg) | True protein content (g/kg) |
| Processing 1 | 1.21 | 9.11 | 171 |
| Processing 2 | 0.62 | 7.23 | 198 |
| Processing 3 | 0.93 | 7.54 | 189 |
| Processing 4 | 0.87 | 7.94 | 179 |
| Processing 5 | 0.70 | 7.01 | 201 |
| Processing 6 | 0.92 | 8.03 | 198 |
| Processing 7 | 0.81 | 7.66 | 188 |
| Blank control group | 4.01 | 59 | 145 |
Inventor has found, under technical scheme of the present invention, using the saccharomycete combined ferment of specific combination, will produce not
Know synergism, is more advantageous to the formation of true albumen in chicken manure fermenting.The true protein content of processing group 2 is also higher, but in practice
It was found that the not only true protein content higher of processing group 5, but also on flavor more preferably, animal more likes to search for food, therefore select institute in processing 5
Inoculating proportion.
Embodiment 2：The screening of lactic acid bacteria
(1) method for using 1 processing group of embodiment, 5 fermentation poultry dung carries out aerobic fermentation to chicken manure at 30 DEG C, when fermentation
A length of 36h.Wherein, chicken manure heat treatment condition is：60min at 85 DEG C；Chicken manure 70kg, wheat bran 15kg, corn flour 15kg；After fermentation
It is divided into 5 parts of equivalent.
(2) by three kinds of lactic acid bacterias：Lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus farciminis, activate respectively.
Weight in wet base 100mg is aseptically taken to be inoculated into 500ml triangular flask Liquid Cultures, 200rpm, 48h, culture is extremely：Respectively
Lactic acid bacteria reaches 1.0 × 10 through plate count viable count10A/mL or more.
(3) different according to inoculum concentration ratio, each processing group is as follows：
Processing 1：Inoculating lactobacillus acidophilus；Processing 2：Only connect lactobacillus plantarum；Processing 3：Only connect Lactobacillus farciminis；Processing
4：+ 1/3 Lactobacillus farciminis of+1/3 lactobacillus plantarum of 1/3 lactobacillus acidophilus；Processing 5：+ 2/5 lactobacillus plantarum of 1/5 lactobacillus acidophilus
+ 2/5 Lactobacillus farciminis；Processing 6：+ 2/5 Lactobacillus farciminis of+1/5 lactobacillus plantarum of 2/5 lactobacillus acidophilus；Processing 7：2/5 acidophilus
+ 1/5 Lactobacillus farciminis of+2/5 lactobacillus plantarum of lactobacillus.
Space management group：Lactic acid bacteria is not connect, remaining operation is identical as processing group.
By above-mentioned each processing group and blank control group, the inoculum concentration of 5% (v/w) is pressed respectively, step (1) is inoculated into and is completed
In the chicken manure of aerobic fermentation, fermented using the method for anaerobic fermentation in above-mentioned fermentation poultry dung, the results are shown in Table 4.
The other chicken manure Comparative of 4 each group of table
According to teaching in prior art, lactic acid content is the key that fermented feed is antibacterial, quickly generate lactic acid ultimately form compared with
Low pH, it is particularly important in feed fermentation；PH≤4.5, acetic acid content ＜ 40mmol/L, lactic acid content ＞ 150mmol/L are
The successful essential characteristic of lactic fermentation.As can be seen from Table 4, in addition to the lactic acid content of processing group 3 is slightly lower, remaining equal energy of processing group
Success is fermented；Wherein, 4 lactic acid content of processing group is apparently higher than other groups, and acetic acid content is significantly lower than other groups, pH also phases
To relatively low, ferment effect is best.
Inventor speculates that this may be to produce unknown association because when several lactic acid bacterias are used in combination in specific proportions
Same-action is more advantageous to chicken manure fermenting.Therefore, the above-mentioned 3 kinds of lactic acid bacterias of final comprehensive selection press 1:1:1 ratio is used in mixed way.
Embodiment 3：Chicken manure fermenting effect is shown
1, microbial inoculum A is prepared by the processing group 5 of above-described embodiment 1, the processing group 4 of embodiment 2 prepares microbial inoculum B.Wherein, by liquid
Body volume ratio, abnormal Brunswick Durham yeast：Candida tropicalis：Candida utili=1:2:2；Lactobacillus acidophilus：Plumule breast
Bacillus：Lactobacillus farciminis=1:1:1.
2, the pretreatment of fermentation bottom material：1~2d the fresh chicken manures for acquiring healthy chicken discharge, choose the foreign matters such as large stretch of chicken feather
Afterwards, chicken manure is divided into equivalent 4 groups are heat-treated：Chicken manure is heat-treated 2h under 100 DEG C of hot conditions；By wheat bran and corn
Powder dry heat treatment 6h under the conditions of 80 DEG C.Wherein three groups are used as processing group, and the 4th group is used as anaerobic control group.
3, the mixing of fermentation bottom material：Moisture content 50%, pretreatment are cooled to 35 DEG C of chicken manure, wheat bran, corn flour mixing.
By suitably adjusting the amount of wheat bran and water, the mixture moisture of above-mentioned three is made to reach 50%.
4, for each processing group, microbial inoculum A is added into according to 5% (v/w) in fermentation substrate, by the fermentation substrate after inoculation
It is placed in ventilation and carries out solid fermentation 36h, ferment into the visible material of naked eyes with white hypha, obtain aerobic fermentation material.It is good
After aerobe fermentation, polybag or other closed containers are filled after aerobic fermentation material is mixed with the lactic acid bacteria agent of 5% (v/w)
In, it is successively compacted to exclude air, under the conditions of 28 DEG C, seals anaerobic fermentation.Fermentation is extremely：PH value reaches 4 or less and with strong
Wine flavour and frankincense taste, quality is loose, as ferments successfully, obtains fermentation poultry dung.
5, for anaerobic control group, microbial inoculum A is pressed into 5% (v/w) by 5% (v/w), microbial inoculum B, is added into fermentation substrate together
In, it is filled in polybag or other closed containers after mixing thoroughly, is successively compacted, to exclude air, under the conditions of 28 DEG C, seal anaerobic solids
Fermentation.
6, above-mentioned each processing group and anaerobic control group are to the heat treatment condition of chicken manure, the additive amount of each raw material, aerobic hair
The temperature and time of ferment, the temperature and time of anaerobic fermentation, it is specific as shown in table 5.
The actual conditions of 5 each group of table
7, result detects
(1) Comparative is as shown in table 6 before and after the chicken manure fermenting of each processing group and anaerobic control group.
6 each group chicken manure composition transfer table of table
As can be seen from the above table, after chicken manure fermenting, compared with anaerobic control group, the ammonia-nitrogen content of processing group, uric acid content,
Mould group significantly reduces, and true protein content significantly improves.Wherein, the mould minimum number of processing group 1.
(2) subjective appreciation being carried out to sample after fermentation, separately scored from smell, quality and color and luster, full marks 20 divide,
It is divided into 4 grades：Excellent (16~20 points), fair (10~15 points), medium (5~9 points), corrupt (0~4 point).
Each processing group and the scoring of anaerobic control group are as shown in table 7.
7 quality score of table compares
(3) feeding effect
The fermentation poultry dung of each processing group and anaerobic control group is added in feed and is fed, the specific components by weight percent of feed
For：25 parts of fermentation poultry dung, 30 parts of dregs of beans, 20 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal, 0.03 part of compound amino acid, composite trace element
0.003 part, 0.003 part of multi-vitamins.
Meanwhile with same composition, fermentation poultry dung is not added, replace 25 parts of fermentations with+12.5 portions of corn flour of 12.5 parts of dregs of beans
Chicken manure, as blank control group.
Wherein, pig compound amino acid, composite trace element, multi-vitamins are purchased from Shandong to open macro biotechnology limited
Company.
Feeding growing and fattening pigs respectively with the other feed of above-mentioned each group, (Landrace, 2 monthly ages, initial average weight 20kg are each to handle
10 repetitions, weight ± 1kg between each repetition are set).The other feeding frequency of each group, single scale of feeding are identical.Feeding is to delivering body for sale
When weight (100kg ± 2kg), stop raising, record raising number of days calculates feedstuff-meat ratio according to weight and feed dosage.
Concrete outcome is as shown in table 8.
The feed situation of 8 each group fermentation poultry dung of table compares
It can be seen that from upper table, be added to the feed of processing group fermentation poultry dung, palatability is good, animal eating, after feeding invariably
Good symptom；And can generally be delivered for sale when 5 monthly age, it delivers more than 20 days for sale in advance than anaerobic control group, is delivered for sale in advance than blank control group
25 days or so；Dramatically save feeding cost.
In addition, inventor is in practice, it has been found that fermentation poultry dung after its dehydration, then is fed in addition to doing fresh feeding use
Good feeding effect also can be obtained in pig, cattle and sheep.Because length limits, do not elaborate herein.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of chicken manure fermenting method that true protein content is high, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) chicken manure pre-processes：Chicken manure is heat-treated 0.5~2h under 70~100 DEG C of hot conditions；
(2) fermentation substrate premixes：By mass fraction, by 5~7 parts of pretreated chicken manure, 1~2 part of wheat bran, 1~2 part of corn flour
Mixing, adjustment water content obtain fermentation substrate to 50%；
(3) aerobic fermentation：The inoculum concentration that saccharomycete is pressed to 5%, is inoculated into fermentation substrate, into acting charitably under the conditions of 20~35 DEG C
Aerobe fermentation for 24 hours~48h, fermentation extremely：Visually aerobic solid-state fermentation material is obtained with white hypha in visible fermentation substrate；
(4) anaerobic fermentation：The inoculum concentration that lactic acid bacteria is pressed to 5%, is inoculated into aerobic solid-state fermentation material, in 20~35 DEG C of conditions
Lower sealing 48~96h of anaerobic fermentation, fermentation is extremely：Fermentation substrate pH value reach 4 hereinafter, have strong wine flavour and frankincense taste,
Quality is loose, and fermentation is completed.
2. the method for chicken manure fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (3) the aerobic fermentation time is
36h。
3. the method for chicken manure fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (3) described saccharomycete is：Abnormal prestige
Gram Durham yeast, candida tropicalis, three Yeasts of candida utili are 1 by inoculum concentration:(2~3):(2~3) it mixes,
The bacteria concentration ＞ 1.0 × 10 of each saccharomycete9A/mL.
4. the method for chicken manure fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (3) described saccharomycete is：Abnormal prestige
Gram Durham yeast, candida tropicalis, three Yeasts of candida utili are 1 by inoculum concentration:2:2 mixing.
5. the method for chicken manure fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4) the anaerobic fermentation time is
60h。
6. the method for chicken manure fermenting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4) described lactic acid bacteria is：Acidophilus breast
Three kinds of bacillus, lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus farciminis lactic acid bacterias are 1 by inoculum concentration:1:1 mixing, the bacteria concentration of each lactic acid bacteria
＞ 1.0 × 1010A/mL.
7. according to application of the chicken manure of any one of Claims 1 to 5 the method fermentation in animal feed.
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