CN108587813A - 一种果蔬洗涤剂 - Google Patents
一种果蔬洗涤剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种果蔬洗涤剂,属于洗涤用品领域。本发明以巯基苯甲酸配合盐酸多巴胺、预处理壳聚糖液成分,制含有巯基的复合交联物,接着和酶解牛肾上腺浆液制微球,配合Ɛ‑聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠酯复合微球,可加强体系对重金属残留吸附强度,而且所制复合微球易于洗脱,方便使用和清洁,同时牛肾上腺浆液中含有的有机质又可软化果蔬的表皮,便于清洁农药成分,以碳酸钠、谷胱甘肽、柠檬酸三甲酯等为原料制复合辅剂,提供于农药残留成分相似官能团磷酸酯结构、相同的铵根等官能团,有利于农药残留物成分的溶出。本发明解决了目前许多传统清洗剂不能很好的去除果蔬残留农药和重金属污染成分的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于洗涤用品领域,特别涉及一种果蔬洗涤剂。
背景技术
农药残留大部分富集在瓜果、蔬菜的表面,通过削去外皮可有效去除农药残留,但是会损失果蔬的一些营养成分,而且这种方法只适合有果皮之类的果蔬,且只能去除果蔬表面的农残。对于水果及叶类蔬菜来说,目前家庭常用的去除农药残留方法是浸泡水洗法。浸泡水洗虽然可以溶解去除水溶性农药,但去除效率不高,而且该方法也不适用于附着在果蔬表面的脂溶性农药。这时就需要果蔬清洗剂,以加速农药的溶解去除。然而,目前许多传统清洗剂不能很好的去除果蔬残留农药和重金属污染成分的问题,不能满足人们更广泛的需要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对目前许多传统清洗剂不能很好的去除果蔬残留农药和重金属污染成分的问题,提供一种果蔬洗涤剂。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
一种果蔬洗涤剂,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:5~10份助剂、4~8份表面活性剂、2~5份香精、8~15份预处理淘米水、30~50份水,其特征在于,还包括:20~40份复合含巯基微囊、16~20份复合辅剂。
所述复合辅剂的制备方法:于20~25℃,按质量比3:1:0.1:8~15取碳酸钠、苯甲酸钠、谷胱甘肽、水混合搅拌,得搅拌混合液,取搅拌混合液按质量比4~8:1:1~2加入柠檬酸三甲酯,柠檬酸单甘酯混合,微波处理,即得复合辅剂。
所述助剂:按质量比4:1:1~2取NaCl、硫化钾、柠檬酸钠混合,即得助剂。
所述表面活性剂:按质量比4:1~2取十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、月桂醇硫酸酯钠混合,即得表面活性剂。
所述复合含巯基微囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比1:15~25取巯基苯甲酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,调节pH,通氮气保护,搅拌,得预混液,取预混液按质量比5~8:2~5:1加入盐酸多巴胺、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合,密封静置,得预处理物,取预处理壳聚糖液按质量比4~8:1~3加入预处理物混合搅拌,调节pH,静置,透析,冷冻干燥,得干燥物;
(2)于26~32℃,取牛肾上腺捣碎匀浆,得浆液,按质量比1:20~30取均浆加入胰蛋白酶液,酶解,得酶解液,取酶解液加入酶解液质量8~15%的海藻酸钠混悬,得混液,取混液喷入混液质量2~5倍的CaCl2溶液中,得牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球,取牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球按质量比3:1~2:1加入辅液、干燥物混合,超声波处理,静置,过滤,收集滤渣干燥,即得复合含巯基微囊。
所述步骤(1)中的预处理壳聚糖液:壳聚糖按质量比1:0.2~0.5:15~20加入半胱氨酸、质量分数8%的乙酸溶液混合,加入壳聚糖质量10~15%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖质量5~8%的CaCl2混合,即得预处理壳聚糖液。
所述步骤(1)中的透析为以体积分数50%的乙醇溶液透析3~5天。
所述步骤(2)中的辅液:按质量比1:4~8取Ɛ-聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠溶液混合,即得辅液。
所述步骤(2)中的胰蛋白酶液的质量分数为5~8%。
所述预处理淘米水:按质量份数计,取5~10份大米、30~45份水混合进行淘米,得初淘水,取坡缕石粉碎过筛,取过筛颗粒按质量比1:4~6加入PBS缓冲液混合搅拌,静置,过滤,取,滤渣按质量比1:4~8加入初淘水,减压蒸发,真空浓缩,即得预处理淘米水。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明以巯基苯甲酸配合盐酸多巴胺、预处理壳聚糖液成分,制含有巯基的复合交联物,接着和酶解牛肾上腺浆液制微球,配合Ɛ-聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠酯复合微球,可加强体系对重金属残留吸附强度,而且所制复合微球易于洗脱,方便使用和清洁,同时牛肾上腺浆液中含有的有机质又可软化果蔬的表皮,便于清洁农药成分,含有的Ɛ-聚赖氨酸成分又可提供优秀的抑菌性能,且对人体无害,又可与谷胱甘肽中的氨基酸成分配合,以化学键合的方式竞争重金属成分和残余成分在果蔬表皮组织的物理粘附作用,起到类似于竞争性抑制的作用,可同时补充氨基酸和清除残留农药和重金属成分;
(2)本发明以淘米水为原料配合聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、CaCl2混合可提高淘米水中的蛋白质与农药残留和重金属污染成分的接触,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮具有优良的生理惰性和生物相容性,加快残留物质转化为沉淀便于洗出,以碳酸钠、谷胱甘肽、柠檬酸三甲酯等为原料制复合辅剂,提供于农药残留成分相似官能团磷酸酯结构、相同的铵根等官能团,有利于农药残留物成分的溶出,谷胱甘肽由谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸结合,含有巯基的的三肽,具有抗氧化作用和整合解毒作用,半胱氨酸上的巯基为谷胱甘肽活性基团,易与农药成分、重金属等结合,可整合将其去除,谷胱甘肽中的羧基又可于果蔬表皮中纤维素中的羟基结合,又可于能参与生物转化作用,在有助于人体的排毒能力。
具体实施方式
预处理淘米水:按质量份数计,取5~10份大米、30~45份水混合进行淘米操作,得初淘水,取坡缕石粉碎过120目筛,取过筛颗粒按质量比1:4~6加入pH为6.2~6.6的PBS缓冲液混合,以300~450r/min搅拌20~45min,静置1~3h,过滤,取,滤渣按质量比1:4~8加入初淘水,减压蒸发,真空浓缩至原体积的30~45%,即得预处理淘米水。
表面活性剂:按质量比4:1~2取十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、月桂醇硫酸酯钠混合,即得表面活性剂。
助剂:按质量比4:1:1~2取NaCl、硫化钾、柠檬酸钠混合,即得助剂。
辅液:按质量比1:4~8取Ɛ-聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠溶液混合,即得辅液。
预处理壳聚糖液:取脱乙酰度为90%的壳聚糖按质量比1:0.2~0.5:15~20加入半胱氨酸、质量分数8%的乙酸溶液混合,以300~450r/min搅拌20~45min,加入壳聚糖质量10~15%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖质量5~8%的CaCl2混合均匀,即得预处理壳聚糖液。
复合含巯基微囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比1:15~25取巯基苯甲酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,用浓度0.1mol/L的HCl溶液调节pH至4.6~5.2,通氮气保护,以300~450r/min磁力搅拌25~50min,得预混液,取预混液按质量比5~8:2~5:1加入盐酸多巴胺、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合,室温密封避光静置6~8h,得预处理物,取预处理壳聚糖液按质量比4~8:1~3加入预处理物混合,以300~500r/min磁力搅拌30~50min,用浓度0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至8.6~9.2,静置8~12h,用体积分数50%的乙醇溶液透析3~5天,取透析物于-60℃冷冻干燥,得干燥物;
(2)于26~32℃,取牛肾上腺于组织捣碎机,捣碎匀浆,得浆液,按质量比1:20~30取均浆加入质量分数为5~8%的胰蛋白酶液,进行酶解,得酶解液,取酶解液加入酶解液质量8~15%的海藻酸钠进行混悬,得混液,取混液用静电微囊发生仪将其喷入混液质量2~5倍的浓度0.1mol/L的CaCl2溶液中,作用5~10min,得牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球,取牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球按质量比3:1~2:1加入辅液、干燥物混合,以300W功率超声波处理15~20min,静置5~8h,过滤,收集滤渣于60~70℃烘箱干燥,即得复合含巯基微囊。
复合辅剂的制备方法:于20~25℃,密闭条件下,按质量比3:1:0.1:8~15取碳酸钠、苯甲酸钠、谷胱甘肽、水混合,以300~500r/min搅拌20~45min,得搅拌混合液,取搅拌混合液按质量比4~8:1:1~2加入柠檬酸三甲酯,柠檬酸单甘酯混合,以250W微波处理5~10min,即得复合辅剂。
一种果蔬洗涤剂,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:5~10份助剂,4~8份表面活性剂、2~5份香精、8~15份预处理淘米水、30~50份水,其特征在于,还包括:20~40份复合含巯基微囊、16~20份复合辅剂。
实施例1
预处理淘米水:按质量份数计,取5份大米、30份水混合进行淘米操作,得初淘水,取坡缕石粉碎过120目筛,取过筛颗粒按质量比1:4加入pH为6.2的PBS缓冲液混合,以300r/min搅拌20min,静置1h,过滤,取,滤渣按质量比1:4加入初淘水,减压蒸发,真空浓缩至原体积的30%,即得预处理淘米水。
表面活性剂:按质量比4:1取十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、月桂醇硫酸酯钠混合,即得表面活性剂。
助剂:按质量比4:1:1取NaCl、硫化钾、柠檬酸钠混合,即得助剂。
辅液:按质量比1:4取Ɛ-聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠溶液混合,即得辅液。
预处理壳聚糖液:取脱乙酰度为90%的壳聚糖按质量比1:0.2:15加入半胱氨酸、质量分数8%的乙酸溶液混合,以300r/min搅拌20min,加入壳聚糖质量10%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖质量5%的CaCl2混合均匀,即得预处理壳聚糖液。
复合含巯基微囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比1:15取巯基苯甲酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,用浓度0.1mol/L的HCl溶液调节pH至4.6,通氮气保护,以300r/min磁力搅拌25min,得预混液,取预混液按质量比5:2:1加入盐酸多巴胺、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合,室温密封避光静置6h,得预处理物,取预处理壳聚糖液按质量比4:1加入预处理物混合,以300r/min磁力搅拌30min,用浓度0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至8.6,静置8h,用体积分数50%的乙醇溶液透析3天,取透析物于-60℃冷冻干燥,得干燥物;
(2)于26℃,取牛肾上腺于组织捣碎机,捣碎匀浆,得浆液,按质量比1:20取均浆加入质量分数为5%的胰蛋白酶液,进行酶解,得酶解液,取酶解液加入酶解液质量8%的海藻酸钠进行混悬,得混液,取混液用静电微囊发生仪将其喷入混液质量2倍的浓度0.1mol/L的CaCl2溶液中,作用5min,得牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球,取牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球按质量比3:1:1加入辅液、干燥物混合,以300W功率超声波处理15min,静置5h,过滤,收集滤渣于60℃烘箱干燥,即得复合含巯基微囊。
复合辅剂的制备方法:于20℃,密闭条件下,按质量比3:1:0.1:8取碳酸钠、苯甲酸钠、谷胱甘肽、水混合,以300r/min搅拌20min,得搅拌混合液,取搅拌混合液按质量比4:1:1加入柠檬酸三甲酯,柠檬酸单甘酯混合,以250W微波处理5min,即得复合辅剂。
一种果蔬洗涤剂,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:5份助剂,4份表面活性剂、2份香精、8份预处理淘米水、30份水,其特征在于,还包括:20份复合含巯基微囊、16份复合辅剂。
实施例2
预处理淘米水:按质量份数计,取7份大米、35份水混合进行淘米操作,得初淘水,取坡缕石粉碎过120目筛,取过筛颗粒按质量比1:5加入pH为6.4的PBS缓冲液混合,以350r/min搅拌20~45min,静置2h,过滤,取,滤渣按质量比1:6加入初淘水,减压蒸发,真空浓缩至原体积的35%,即得预处理淘米水。
表面活性剂:按质量比4:1.5取十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、月桂醇硫酸酯钠混合,即得表面活性剂。
助剂:按质量比4:1:1.5取NaCl、硫化钾、柠檬酸钠混合,即得助剂。
辅液:按质量比1:6取Ɛ-聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠溶液混合,即得辅液。
预处理壳聚糖液:取脱乙酰度为90%的壳聚糖按质量比1:0.4:17加入半胱氨酸、质量分数8%的乙酸溶液混合,以350r/min搅拌20~45min,加入壳聚糖质量12%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖质量6%的CaCl2混合均匀,即得预处理壳聚糖液。
复合含巯基微囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比1:19取巯基苯甲酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,用浓度0.1mol/L的HCl溶液调节pH至4.9,通氮气保护,以400r/min磁力搅拌35min,得预混液,取预混液按质量比7:3:1加入盐酸多巴胺、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合,室温密封避光静置7h,得预处理物,取预处理壳聚糖液按质量比6:2加入预处理物混合,以350r/min磁力搅拌40min,用浓度0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至8.9,静置10h,用体积分数50%的乙醇溶液透析4天,取透析物于-60℃冷冻干燥,得干燥物;
(2)于28℃,取牛肾上腺于组织捣碎机,捣碎匀浆,得浆液,按质量比1:25取均浆加入质量分数为6%的胰蛋白酶液,进行酶解,得酶解液,取酶解液加入酶解液质量12%的海藻酸钠进行混悬,得混液,取混液用静电微囊发生仪将其喷入混液质量3倍的浓度0.1mol/L的CaCl2溶液中,作用7min,得牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球,取牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球按质量比3:1.5:1加入辅液、干燥物混合,以300W功率超声波处理17min,静置6h,过滤,收集滤渣于65℃烘箱干燥,即得复合含巯基微囊。
复合辅剂的制备方法:于22℃,密闭条件下,按质量比3:1:0.1:11取碳酸钠、苯甲酸钠、谷胱甘肽、水混合,以400r/min搅拌30min,得搅拌混合液,取搅拌混合液按质量比6:1:1.5加入柠檬酸三甲酯,柠檬酸单甘酯混合,以250W微波处理8min,即得复合辅剂。
一种果蔬洗涤剂,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:8份助剂,6份表面活性剂、4份香精、11份预处理淘米水、40份水,其特征在于,还包括:30份复合含巯基微囊、18份复合辅剂。
实施例3
预处理淘米水:按质量份数计,取10份大米、45份水混合进行淘米操作,得初淘水,取坡缕石粉碎过120目筛,取过筛颗粒按质量比1:6加入pH为6.6的PBS缓冲液混合,以450r/min搅拌45min,静置3h,过滤,取,滤渣按质量比1:8加入初淘水,减压蒸发,真空浓缩至原体积的45%,即得预处理淘米水。
表面活性剂:按质量比4:2取十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、月桂醇硫酸酯钠混合,即得表面活性剂。
助剂:按质量比4:1:2取NaCl、硫化钾、柠檬酸钠混合,即得助剂。
辅液:按质量比1:8取Ɛ-聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠溶液混合,即得辅液。
预处理壳聚糖液:取脱乙酰度为90%的壳聚糖按质量比1:0.5:20加入半胱氨酸、质量分数8%的乙酸溶液混合,以450r/min搅拌45min,加入壳聚糖质量15%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖质量8%的CaCl2混合均匀,即得预处理壳聚糖液。
复合含巯基微囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比1:25取巯基苯甲酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,用浓度0.1mol/L的HCl溶液调节pH至5.2,通氮气保护,以450r/min磁力搅拌50min,得预混液,取预混液按质量比8:5:1加入盐酸多巴胺、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合,室温密封避光静置8h,得预处理物,取预处理壳聚糖液按质量比8:3加入预处理物混合,以500r/min磁力搅拌50min,用浓度0.1mol/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至9.2,静置12h,用体积分数50%的乙醇溶液透析5天,取透析物于-60℃冷冻干燥,得干燥物;
(2)于32℃,取牛肾上腺于组织捣碎机,捣碎匀浆,得浆液,按质量比1:30取均浆加入质量分数为8%的胰蛋白酶液,进行酶解,得酶解液,取酶解液加入酶解液质量15%的海藻酸钠进行混悬,得混液,取混液用静电微囊发生仪将其喷入混液质量5倍的浓度0.1mol/L的CaCl2溶液中,作用10min,得牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球,取牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球按质量比3:2:1加入辅液、干燥物混合,以300W功率超声波处理20min,静置8h,过滤,收集滤渣于70℃烘箱干燥,即得复合含巯基微囊。
复合辅剂的制备方法:于25℃,密闭条件下,按质量比3:1:0.1:15取碳酸钠、苯甲酸钠、谷胱甘肽、水混合,以500r/min搅拌45min,得搅拌混合液,取搅拌混合液按质量比8:1:2加入柠檬酸三甲酯,柠檬酸单甘酯混合,以250W微波处理10min,即得复合辅剂。
一种果蔬洗涤剂,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:10份助剂,8份表面活性剂、5份香精、15份预处理淘米水、50份水,其特征在于,还包括:40份复合含巯基微囊、20份复合辅剂。
对比例1:与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少复合含巯基微囊。
对比例2:与实施例1的制备方法基本相同,唯有不同的是缺少复合辅剂。
对比例3:乐清市某公司生产的果蔬洗涤剂。
选取样本:选取大小相同、无断裂,边角无开口、无损伤的甜豆角为本实验的蔬菜样本;选取大小一致,无损伤的红富士苹果作为本实验的水果样本。
农药乳液的制备:称取5.00g氯氰菊酯和2.50g残杀威,溶于500g无水乙醇溶液中,搅拌均匀后,用250mg/kg硬水定量至5000g,混匀,备用。农药乳液浓度为:含氯氰菊酯0.1%、含残杀威0.05%。
含农药重金属蔬菜和含农药重金属水果的制备:将甜豆角和红富士苹果分别浸没与农药重金属乳液中 20分钟后取出,甩去表面残留液滴,于室温阴凉处放置24h,将制备好的蔬菜样品和水果样品分成4组(未洗涤蔬菜样品和水果样品表面载附的农药重金属量以140mg/kg-200mg/kg为宜),使用其他果蔬清洗剂洗涤。
清洗前先分别测定一下制备好的蔬菜样品和水果样品的农药重金属残留量,记为M0,采取3种不同的清洗方式进行清洗以后,再分别测定一下清洗后蔬菜样品和水果样品的农药重金属残留量,记为M1,则农药重金属残留去除率M=(M0-M1)/M0*100,式中,M为农药重金属残留去除率,单位为%;M0为试样清洗前农药重金属残留量,单位为(mg/kg);M1为试样清洗后农药重金属残留量,单位为 (mg/kg)。具体情况如表1所示:
表1:
综上所述,由表1可知,本发明制备的果蔬洗涤剂去除果蔬残留农药和重金属污染能力强,值得大力提倡使用。
Claims (10)
1.一种果蔬洗涤剂,按质量份数计,包括如下组分:5~10份助剂、4~8份表面活性剂、2~5份香精、8~15份预处理淘米水、30~50份水,其特征在于,还包括:20~40份复合含巯基微囊、16~20份复合辅剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述复合辅剂的制备方法:于20~25℃,按质量比3:1:0.1:8~15取碳酸钠、苯甲酸钠、谷胱甘肽、水混合搅拌,得搅拌混合液,取搅拌混合液按质量比4~8:1:1~2加入柠檬酸三甲酯,柠檬酸单甘酯混合,微波处理,即得复合辅剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述助剂:按质量比4:1:1~2取NaCl、硫化钾、柠檬酸钠混合,即得助剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂:按质量比4:1~2取十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、月桂醇硫酸酯钠混合,即得表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述复合含巯基微囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按质量比1:15~25取巯基苯甲酸、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺混合,调节pH,通氮气保护,搅拌,得预混液,取预混液按质量比5~8:2~5:1加入盐酸多巴胺、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺混合,密封静置,得预处理物,取预处理壳聚糖液按质量比4~8:1~3加入预处理物混合搅拌,调节pH,静置,透析,冷冻干燥,得干燥物;
(2)于26~32℃,取牛肾上腺捣碎匀浆,得浆液,按质量比1:20~30取均浆加入胰蛋白酶液,酶解,得酶解液,取酶解液加入酶解液质量8~15%的海藻酸钠混悬,得混液,取混液喷入混液质量2~5倍的CaCl2溶液中,得牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球,取牛肾上腺细胞-海藻酸钙微球按质量比3:1~2:1加入辅液、干燥物混合,超声波处理,静置,过滤,收集滤渣干燥,即得复合含巯基微囊。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的预处理壳聚糖液:壳聚糖按质量比1:0.2~0.5:15~20加入半胱氨酸、质量分数8%的乙酸溶液混合,加入壳聚糖质量10~15%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、壳聚糖质量5~8%的CaCl2混合,即得预处理壳聚糖液。
7.根据权利要求5所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中的透析为以体积分数50%的乙醇溶液透析3~5天。
8.根据权利要求5所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的辅液:按质量比1:4~8取Ɛ-聚赖氨酸、柠檬酸钠溶液混合,即得辅液。
9.根据权利要求5所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的胰蛋白酶液的质量分数为5~8%。
10.根据权利要求1所述一种果蔬洗涤剂,其特征在于,所述预处理淘米水:按质量份数计,取5~10份大米、30~45份水混合进行淘米,得初淘水,取坡缕石粉碎过筛,取过筛颗粒按质量比1:4~6加入PBS缓冲液混合搅拌,静置,过滤,取,滤渣按质量比1:4~8加入初淘水,减压蒸发,真空浓缩,即得预处理淘米水。
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