CN108578628A - 一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂及应用和制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂及应用和制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108578628A CN108578628A CN201810669512.5A CN201810669512A CN108578628A CN 108578628 A CN108578628 A CN 108578628A CN 201810669512 A CN201810669512 A CN 201810669512A CN 108578628 A CN108578628 A CN 108578628A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂及应用和制备方法,属于中药组合物以及中药制剂技术领域,本发明制作原料包括山楂、神曲、麦芽、陈皮、半夏、茯苓、砂仁、香附、茉菔子和连翘,制作方法为先将半夏炮制后,再与山楂、麦芽、茯苓、砂仁、神曲共同煎煮,其余药物混合提取挥发油并包合;本发明炮制所得半夏的毒性得到缓和,运用于本发明制剂中治疗小儿积食,效果更加安全有效,本发明的制备工艺较传统工艺总有效率更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药组合物、中药制剂技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂及应用和制备方法。
背景技术
食积又称积滞。与西医学消化不良相近。本病一年四季皆可发生,夏秋季节,暑湿易于困遏脾气,发病率较高。小儿各年龄组皆可发病,但以婴幼儿多见。常在感冒、泄泻、疳证中合并出现。脾胃虚弱,先天不足以及人工喂养的婴幼儿容易反复发病。少数患儿食积日久,迁延失治,脾胃功能严重受损,导致小儿营养和生长发育障碍,形体日渐羸瘦,可转化成疳,故前人有“积为疳之母,无积不成疳”之说。《诸病源候论·小儿杂病诸候》所记载的“宿食不消候”、“伤饱候”。
中国专利201611068627.6公开了一种用于治疗乳食内积的中药组合物,按照重量份数计算,包括如下组份:香附8-20份、神曲5-11份、麦芽5-10份、陈皮4-10份、砂仁4-7份、甘草5-9份、山楂2-8份、半夏1-5份、茯苓1-6份、连翘1-8份、莱菔子3-8份、南瓜子1-3份,然而该发明只是公开了组合物的配方和配比,并未详细说明本组分中中药是采用何种减毒方法,组合物是采用何种工艺处理方法才达到安全有效的制剂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂。
本发明要解决的另一个技术问题是提供上述中药制剂的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案;
一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂,其制作原料包括山楂、神曲、麦芽、陈皮、半夏、茯苓、砂仁、香附、茉菔子和连翘,该中药制剂通过以下工艺制作而成:
(1)取净半夏,用水浸泡至内无干心时,取出,放入碱性溶液中,浸泡2-3天,每日搅拌1~2次;再用盐酸溶液处理1-2次;
(2)取活性炭、白矾、金银花与步骤(1)所得半夏共煮透,取出,晾干,或晾至半干,切片,得半夏片;
(3)取步骤(2)的半夏片,与山楂、麦芽、茯苓、砂仁共同煎煮1.5-2h,再放入神曲,继续煎煮0.1-0.3h,过滤,得煎煮液Ⅰ;
(4)将陈皮、香附、茉菔子、连翘混合,水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油并包合,滤液过滤得煎煮液Ⅱ;
(5)将煎煮液Ⅰ、Ⅱ合并,加入步骤(4)所得挥发油包合物,加入药学上可接受的辅料制备成制剂。
进一步,技术方案中步骤(1)所述的碱性溶液为石灰水,pH值为10以上。
进一步,技术方案中步骤(2)所述的活性炭、白矾、金银花与步骤(1)所得半夏的质量比为(20-39):(10-24):(42-55):100。
进一步,技术方案中步骤(4)所述的挥发油包合方法为:先将β环糊精至于胶体磨内,研磨均匀,按照挥发油与β环糊精1ml:
(5-9)g的比例,加入挥发油,研磨2h,即得。
采用上述技术方案的中药制剂的制作原料包括重量份的:山楂15-25份、神曲7-15份、麦芽8-15份、陈皮7-14份、半夏8-16份、茯苓8-15份、砂仁7-13份、香附7-13份、茉菔子3-8份、连翘3-8份。
进一步地,所述的中药制剂的制作原料包括重量份的:山楂20份、神曲10份、麦芽10份、陈皮10份、半夏10份、茯苓10份、砂仁10份、香附10份、茉菔子5份、连翘5份。
进一步的,上述技术方案制备的中药制剂剂型为颗粒剂、片剂和散剂。
一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂在制备治疗于小儿积食开胃疾病中的应用。
技术方案1中步骤(5)的合并煎煮液还包括以下处理方式:取步骤(5)的合并煎煮液,加入15倍的50%乙醇溶液,搅拌溶解后,放置48h,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.30(60℃)的稠膏,加入淀粉,混合均匀,60℃减压干燥,粉碎成细粉,过筛,即得。
半夏为天南星科植物半夏PinelLia ternata(Thunb.)Breit.的干燥块茎。气微,味辛辣、麻舌而刺喉。辛、温;有毒。燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结。用于湿痰寒痰,咳喘痰多,痰饮眩悸,风痰眩晕,痰厥头痛,呕吐反胃,胸脘痞闷,梅核气;外治痈肿痰核。
本发明半夏的炮制方法为:用水浸泡半夏至内无干心时,取出,放入碱性溶液中,浸泡2-3天,再用盐酸溶液处理1-2次;经过酸碱处理后的半夏刺激性明显减弱。
取通过上述酸碱处理的半夏,用活性炭、金银花、白矾与其共同煎煮,并煮透,所得半夏在与金银花、白矾在高温中相互作用,经活性炭的吸附后,毒性明显减弱,无麻舌感。
将本发明制备的半夏用于小儿药用配方,更加安全。
其中,优选,每l00g半夏,用活性炭30g、白矾18g、金银花48g。
香附为莎草科植物莎草Cyperus rotundus L.的干燥根茎。辛、微苦、微甘,平,具有疏肝解郁,理气宽中,调经止痛功效。香附挥发油中主要为香附子烯(Cyperene)、香附醇(Cy-perol)、异香附醇(Isocyperol)、并含β-蒎烯(β-Pi-nene)、莰烯(Camphene)、等,用于治疗肝郁气滞,胸胁胀痛,脾胃气滞,脘腹痞闷,胀满疼痛具有良好效果。
连翘属于野生植物油料,连翘籽含油率达25%-33%,籽实油含胶质,挥发性能好,富含易被人体吸收、消化的油酸和亚油酸,油味芳香。
陈皮为芸香科植物橘及其栽培变种的成熟果皮,含有2%的挥发油,油中主要成分为D-柠檬烯(d-limonene),还含β-月桂烯(β-myrcene)α-及β-蒎烯(pinene)等,陈皮油辛散通温,气味芳香,长于理气,能入脾肺,故既能行散肺气壅遏,又能行气宽中,用于肺气拥滞、胸膈痞满及脾胃气滞、脘腹胀满等症。
茉菔子又名萝卜子,主要含有含脂肪油、挥发油,挥发油内有甲硫醇(Methylmercaptan)等,能促进胃肠运动,消除积食。
以上四味中药挥发油含量均较为丰富,故本发明采用水蒸气蒸馏法,在获得煎煮液的同时,提取挥发油,再将挥发油包合后用药,可有效增强本发明消食开胃之功效。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明半夏先经酸碱处理后,再加入白矾、金银花与半夏在高温时发生化学反应,半夏经吸水、软化、反应后,其分子结构甚至是细胞结构得以改变,半夏的毒性得以缓和,再通过活性炭将毒性依附,进一步分离并降低半夏毒性,只保留其药用价值;本发明较药典清半夏炮制方法更为安全。
(2)本发明根据药物的药性和有效成分将组分进行适当的提取分离,通过水蒸气蒸馏法获取挥发油,并运用于制剂当中,本发明中药组合物采用上述炮制和提取方法后,经实验验证后,较中国专利201611068627.6对小儿积食开胃的效果更加安全有效;本发明的中药制剂在治疗小儿积食开胃较传统工艺更好。
具体实施方式
采用本发明的药物组合物所制备的各药物制剂用于治疗治疗失眠健忘、神经衰弱见上述症状者以及高血压引起的头昏头痛疾病时,给药方案如下:
片剂:口服,一次1包,早晚各1次;
散剂:口服,一次1包,早晚各1次;
颗粒剂:口服,一次1包,早晚各1次;
实施例
为了使本领域普通技术人员更好的理解本发明,本申请人进行了一系列药效学实验研究,以证明本发明的效果。
下面,举出实施例对本发明进一步描述,但本发明并不限于下述的实施例。
药物制备实施例:
下面制备实施例中制备各剂型的试剂所用的方法、仪器和操作方式均是本领域常规的方法、仪器和操作方式。
实施例1
中药制剂的制作原料包括重量份的:山楂20g、神曲10g、麦芽10g、陈皮10g、半夏10g、茯苓10g、砂仁10g、香附10g、茉菔子5g、连翘5g。
制备方法如下:
(1)炮制半夏:取净半夏,用水浸泡至内无干心时,取出,放入石灰水中,调节石灰水的pH值为11,浸泡2天,每日搅拌2次;再用盐酸溶液处理1次;取活性炭、白矾、金银花与步骤(1)所得半夏共煮透,取出,晾干,或晾至半干,切片,得炮制半夏片;
(2)取炮制半夏片,与山楂、麦芽、茯苓、砂仁共同煎煮1.5h,再放入神曲,继续煎煮0.2h,过滤,得煎煮液Ⅰ;
(3)将陈皮、香附、茉菔子、连翘混合,水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,滤液过滤得煎煮液Ⅱ;
(4)挥发油包合:先将β环糊精至于胶体磨内,研磨均匀,按照挥发油与β环糊精1ml:6g的比例,加入挥发油,研磨2h,即得挥发油包合物。
(5)将煎煮液Ⅰ、Ⅱ合并,加入挥发油包合物,加入药学上可接受的辅料制备成片剂。
其中:每l00g半夏,用活性炭30g、白矾18g、金银花48g
实施例2
中药制剂的制作原料包括重量份的:山楂25g、神曲15g、麦芽15g、陈皮14g、半夏16g、茯苓15g、砂仁13g、香附13g、茉菔子8g、连翘8g。
制备方法如下:
(1)炮制半夏:取净半夏,用水浸泡至内无干心时,取出,放入石灰水中,调节石灰水的pH值为12,浸泡3天,每日搅拌2次;再用盐酸溶液处理2次;取活性炭、白矾、金银花与步骤(1)所得半夏共煮透,取出,晾干,或晾至半干,切片,得炮制半夏片;
(2)取炮制半夏片,与山楂、麦芽、茯苓、砂仁共同煎煮2h,再放入神曲,继续煎煮0.3h,过滤,得煎煮液Ⅰ;
(3)将陈皮、香附、茉菔子、连翘混合,水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,滤液过滤得煎煮液Ⅱ;
(4)挥发油包合:先将β环糊精至于胶体磨内,研磨均匀,按照挥发油与β环糊精1ml:9g的比例,加入挥发油,研磨2h,即得挥发油包合物。
(5)将煎煮液Ⅰ、Ⅱ合并,加入挥发油包合物,加入药学上可接受的辅料制备成散剂。
其中:每l00g半夏,用活性炭39g、白矾24g、金银花55g
实施例3
中药制剂的制作原料包括重量份的:山楂15g、神曲7g、麦芽8g、陈皮7g、半夏8g、茯苓8g、砂仁7g、香附7g、茉菔子3g、连翘3g。
制备方法如下:
(1)炮制半夏:取净半夏,用水浸泡至内无干心时,取出,放入石灰水中,调节石灰水的pH值为10,浸泡2天,每日搅拌1次;再用盐酸溶液处理1次;取活性炭、白矾、金银花与步骤(1)所得半夏共煮透,取出,晾干,或晾至半干,切片,得炮制半夏片;
(2)取炮制半夏片,与山楂、麦芽、茯苓、砂仁共同煎煮1.5h,再放入神曲,继续煎煮0.1h,过滤,得煎煮液Ⅰ;
(3)将陈皮、香附、茉菔子、连翘混合,水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,滤液过滤得煎煮液Ⅱ;
(4)挥发油包合:先将β环糊精至于胶体磨内,研磨均匀,按照挥发油与β环糊精1ml:5g的比例,加入挥发油,研磨2h,即得挥发油包合物。
(5)将煎煮液Ⅰ、Ⅱ合并,加入挥发油包合物,加入药学上可接受的辅料制备成散剂。
其中:每l00g半夏,用活性炭20g、白矾10g、金银花42g
实施例4
在上述实施例的基础上,将合并煎煮液加入15倍的50%乙醇溶液,搅拌溶解后,放置48h,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.30(60℃)的稠膏,加入碳酸钙30g与淀粉50g。混合均匀,60℃减压干燥,加入50g微晶纤维素,加入适量的淀粉,粉碎成细粉,制粒,60℃干燥,得片剂。
实施例5
在实施例2的基础上,半夏炮制方法参照药典方法“清半夏”炮制方法。
实施例6
在实施例3的基础上,半夏炮制方法同实施例1,不同之处在于,半夏不采用酸碱处理;
实施例7
在实施例1的基础上,不采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,而是将药物直接混合煎煮,取滤液。
实施例8
采用实施例4的炮制和制备方法,不同之处在于,中药制剂处方为中国专利201611068627.6实施例1所列处方。
药物性能评价实验
下面,对上述制备实施例1~8制备的各药物,进行急性毒性、有效性方面的评价实验。
实验例1.急性毒性研究与炮制对急性毒性的影响
昆明小鼠,18~22g,雌雄兼用,购于贵州医科大学实验中心;
将实施例1-8制备的制剂给小鼠灌胃给药,其中,实施例1-4、7制剂的LD50为346mg/kg;实施例5制剂的LD50为157.9mg/kg;实施例6制剂的LD50为227.4mg/kg;实施例8制剂的LD50为341.9mg/kg.
观察小鼠灌胃给药的急性毒性影响,结果为实施例5制剂毒性最大,实施例1-4、7、8毒性最小。通过对制剂中半夏不同炮制品的急性毒性试验研究,说明本发明半夏的炮制方法能为临床合理应用半夏炮制品达到减毒增效或存性之目的。
实验例2长期毒性研究与炮制对长期毒性的影响
分别给小鼠灌胃上述制剂溶液9、45、99、157mg/kg发现,各实施例组制剂各剂量组未见抑制小鼠体重增长,且大剂量组小鼠未出现死亡,肾功能未见异常;但当剂量增加至340mg/kg时,连续60d,实施例5和实施例6组多数小鼠出现腹泻,半数于40d死亡;其余实施例组未见上述情况发生。
实验例3:本发明对小儿积食临床治疗
(1)入选病例
本发明人在研究过程中,将其2017年5月至2018年2月收治的192例小儿积食患儿作为研究对象,,研究对象均被诊断为小儿积食,其临床表现为食后腹胀、食欲不振、食量减少;将研究对象随机分为8组,每组患儿人数均为24例。每组患儿的性别、年龄以及病程之间的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),两组可以进行比较。
(2)实验方法
8组患儿分别对应上述8个实施例,具体方法如下:每组患儿分别采用本发明实施例1-8制备的制剂,具体方法如下:患儿在饭后30分钟,将3g本发明配方制剂用150ml 35℃左右的温水冲泡饮下,2次/d,连续服用28d为一个疗程。
(3)疗效评价
痊愈:患儿腹胀情况完全消失,且食量和食欲得到完善恢复;
显效:患儿轻微胀满,时作时止,食欲得到改善
有效:胀满明显但可忍受,时有发作,食欲为原1/3-1/4.
无效:临床症状、体征无明显改善,甚至加重。
表1八组患儿的临床治疗效果比较(%)
治疗前八组比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。各试验组均能改善腹痛、腹胀、食少早饱、嗳气反酸、恶心等临床症状,与治疗前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但试验组1-4在各项改善情况上均优于其他试验组(P>0.05)。
在试验观察期间,患儿与安全性有关的生命体征及体格检查在用药前后均在正常范围内,未发现不良反应事件。试验组1-4、7、8的安全性评价为1级,试验组5、6的安全性评价为2级,总体评价安全,无任何不良反应。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于小儿积食开胃的中药制剂,其制作原料包括山楂、神曲、麦芽、陈皮、半夏、茯苓、砂仁、香附、茉菔子和连翘,该中药制剂通过以下工艺制作而成:
(1)取净半夏,用水浸泡至内无干心时,取出,放入碱性溶液中,浸泡2-3天,每日搅拌1~2次;再用盐酸溶液处理1-2次;
(2)取活性炭、金银花、白矾与步骤(1)所得半夏共煮透,取出,晾干,或晾至半干,切片,得半夏片;
(3)取步骤(2)的半夏片,与山楂、麦芽、茯苓、砂仁共同煎煮1.5-2h,再放入神曲,继续煎煮0.1-0.3h,过滤,得煎煮液Ⅰ;
(4)将陈皮、香附、茉菔子、连翘混合,水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油并包合,滤液过滤得煎煮液Ⅱ;
(5)将煎煮液Ⅰ、Ⅱ合并,加入步骤(4)所得挥发油包合物,加入药学上可接受的辅料制备成制剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的碱性溶液为石灰水,pH值为10以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的活性炭、白矾、金银花与步骤(1)所得半夏的质量比为(20-39):(10-24):(42-55):100。
4.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的挥发油包合方法为:先将β环糊精至于胶体磨内,研磨均匀,按照挥发油与β环糊精1ml:(5-9)g的比例,加入挥发油,研磨2h,即得。
5.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述的制作原料包括重量份的:山楂15-25份、神曲7-15份、麦芽8-15份、陈皮7-14份、半夏8-16份、茯苓8-15份、砂仁7-13份、香附7-13份、茉菔子3-8份、连翘3-8份。
6.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,所述的制作原料包括重量份的:山楂20份、神曲10份、麦芽10份、陈皮10份、半夏10份、茯苓10份、砂仁10份、香附10份、茉菔子5份、连翘5份。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的中药制剂,其特征在于,其剂型为颗粒剂、片剂和散剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的中药制剂在制备治疗于小儿积食开胃疾病中的应用。
9.如权利要求1所述的中药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,取步骤(5)的合并煎煮液,加入15倍的50%乙醇溶液,搅拌溶解后,放置48h,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.30(60℃)的稠膏,加入淀粉,混合均匀,60℃减压干燥,粉碎成细粉,过筛,即得。
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