CN108542965A - 一种牛蒡根蜜片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种牛蒡根蜜片及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108542965A CN108542965A CN201810262516.1A CN201810262516A CN108542965A CN 108542965 A CN108542965 A CN 108542965A CN 201810262516 A CN201810262516 A CN 201810262516A CN 108542965 A CN108542965 A CN 108542965A
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- honey
- radix bardanae
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Abstract
本发明属于中药保健领域，具体涉及一种牛蒡根蜜片及其制备方法和在抗肝损伤作用方面应用。其原料按重量份数配比如下：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.1‑0.5份、人参0.1‑3份、肉苁蓉0.1‑0.3份、甘草0.1‑0.2和蜂蜜0.4‑0.6份。本发明的牛蒡根密片是经过多年探索得到的配方，查阅大量的文献尚未发现将牛蒡根与五味子、人参、肉苁蓉和甘草配伍，并成功用于制备抗肝损伤的保健品或药物，本发明属于国内外首例。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药保健领域，具体涉及一种的牛蒡根蜜片及其制备方法和在制备抗肝损伤保健品或药物方面应用。
背景技术
牛蒡根，为植物牛蒡Arctium Lappa L.的根，系菊科2年生草本植物，又名东洋参、恶实根，也常称为牛蒡。牛蒡原产我国，公元940年前后传入日本，培育出多个蔬菜品种，成为日本人喜食的蔬菜。上世纪八十年代，我国从日本引进了牛蒡蔬菜品种，并迅速在北京、上海、江苏、山东等地种植，成为这些地区重要的出口农产品。目前，牛蒡在我国已大面积栽培，主要在山东苍山和江苏徐州等地，牛蒡根作为蔬菜生产为主，出口韩国和日本，并且近几年在我国的食用量也大幅增加。
牛蒡，是我国传统中药，早在南北朝的《名医别录》中就有关于牛蒡入药的记载，其主要的药用部分是牛蒡子(牛蒡的瘦果)。牛蒡子中主要有效成分为牛蒡苷，其发挥作用的形式是牛蒡苷在体内代谢成牛蒡苷元而发挥其药理作用。有报道牛蒡苷元具有较好的抗帕金森作用(申请号201210402024.0，牛蒡苷及苷元在抗帕金森病中的应用)。我国民间将其作为抗衰老、降血糖和补肾壮阳的特种保健蔬菜；牛蒡根在《名医别录》、《药性论》、《本草拾遗》等典籍中多有记载，但没有形成中草药类的商品，《中国药典》也未收入。研究表明，牛蒡根中主要含有酚酸类(如咖啡酸、绿原酸等)、菊糖等成分，其具有调节胃肠道、抗菌、抗癌及抗病毒作用(牛蒡根的药用研究进展，中医药学报，2006，34(1)：24-25)。我们对牛蒡根的化学成分进行研究，发现其与牛蒡子中化学成分差别较大，几乎不含牛蒡苷及其苷元(康凯，窦德强，康廷国，许亮，吕智，常禹，刘淼.牛蒡不同部位、牛蒡子不同产地中牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元含量比较及指纹图谱分析.中国现代中药，2009，11(4):23-26.)。
随着环境污染的加重，不健康饮食、过度饮酒、空气质量下降、摇射、病奉感染和用药不当等原因，近年来我国的急性肝损伤的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。据统计，急性肝损伤引发的肝功能衰竭病死率占肝病患者的60-80％，严重影响人民健康和生活质量，加重国家卫生经济负担。作为中药研究者，基于低毒副作用中药成分的保健功效产品的研究，对于中药保健需求者来说，显得尤为重要。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明目的在于提供一种牛蒡根蜜片及其制备方法和应用，具体为具有抗肝损伤保健功效的牛蒡根蜜片，尤其适用于肝损伤的防治；该产品携带方便、服用便捷、无毒副作用，对化学性肝损伤具有较好的保健治疗作用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供的牛蒡根蜜片，其原料按重量份数配比如下：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.1-0.5份、人参0.1-3份、肉苁蓉0.1-0.3份、甘草0.1-0.2份和蜂蜜0.4-0.6份。
优选的，所述牛蒡根蜜片，其原料按重量份数配比为牛蒡根1份、五味子0.1份、人参0.1份、肉苁蓉0.1份、甘草0.1份和蜂蜜0.4份。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供的牛蒡根蜜片的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤。
步骤1、取鲜牛蒡根(直径3-4厘米)，洗净，去皮，切段，在100℃蒸锅内蒸制4小时，室温放凉，切制成2-3mm薄片；然后用烘箱在50-60℃烘干，得到牛蒡根片。
步骤2、按所需重量份数称取五味子、人参、肉苁蓉和甘草，粉碎后，分别用药材重量的7倍量和5倍量水煎煮2次，每次1小时，合并水煎液，浓缩至1倍量体积(药材重量体积比)浸膏，加入蜂蜜。
步骤3、将牛蒡根片放入到步骤2得到的浓缩的蜂蜜浸膏中，常温常压浸渍吸收药液6小时，然后50-60℃烘干，继续浸渍吸收药液，如此方法重复吸收药液三次，药液基本全部吸收进牛蒡蜜片中，即得牛蒡根蜜片。
所述的牛蒡根蜜片具有较好的抗肝损伤保健作用，可以用于制备抗肝损伤的保健品或者药物。
本发明的显著效果。
本发明的牛蒡根密片是经过多年探索得到的配方，查阅大量的文献尚未发现将牛蒡根与五味子、人参、肉苁蓉和甘草配伍，并成功用于制备抗肝损伤保健品或药物，本发明属于国内外首例。牛蒡根蜜片是将五味子、人参、肉苁蓉、甘草的有效成分和蜂蜜有机的融入牛蒡根片中。蜜片中含有五味子、人参和甘草的有效等成分，保持了中药的天然活性，发挥了中药复方配伍的特点和优点，多成分多靶点的综合效果，有助于化学性肝损伤愈后效果。同时作为保健食品，既能够像吃普通食品那样口感好，服用、携带方便，又能达到保健目的的产品。本发明进一步通过药理实验研究表明该产品具有较好的治疗肝损伤作用。
五味子，为木兰科植物五味子Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.的干燥成熟果实，习称“北五味子”。秋季果实成熟时采摘，晒干或蒸后晒干，除去果梗和杂质；其性味与归经：酸、甘，温；妇肺、心、肾经；具有收敛固涩，益气生津，补肾宁心功效；用于久嗽虚喘，梦遗滑精，遗尿尿频，久泻不止，自汗盗汗，津伤口渴，内热消渴，心悸失眠的治疗。人参，为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.的干燥根和根茎；多于秋季采挖，洗净经晒干或烘干。其性味与归经：甘、微苦，微温；归脾、肺、心、肾经；具有大补元气，复脉固脱，补脾益肺，生津养血，安神益智功效；用于体虚欲脱，肢冷脉微，脾虚食少，肺虚喘咳，津伤口渴，内热消渴，气血亏虚，久病虚赢，惊悸失眠，阳痿宫冷的治疗。肉苁蓉，为列当科植物肉苁蓉肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma和管花肉苁蓉C.tubulosa(Schenk)Wight的干燥带鳞叶的肉质茎；春季苗刚出土时或秋季冻土之前采挖，除去茎尖；切段，晒干；其性味与归经：甘、咸，温；归肾、犬肠经；具有补肾阳，益精血，润肠通便；用于肾阳不足，精血亏虚，阳痿不孕，腰膝酸软，筋骨无力，肠燥便秘的治疗。甘草，本品为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensisFisch.、胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.或光果甘草Glycyrrhiza glabra L.的干燥根和根茎；春，秋二季采挖，除去须根，晒干；其性味与归经：甘，平；归心、肺、脾、胃经；具有补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药；用于脾胃虚弱，倦怠乏力，心悸气短，咳嗽痰多，脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛，痈肿疮毒，缓解药物毒性、烈性的治疗。综上，本发明将五种原料进行配伍，其中牛蒡根具有消毒肿等功效，富含绿原酸类物质，具有较好的保肝作用，在本方中为君药；五味子具有较好的降谷转氨酶作用，可有效提高肝损伤动物体谷转氨酶作用；肉苁蓉中富含苯乙醇苷类物质，苯乙醇苷已报道具有很好的心血管病防治作用和强壮作用；五味子和肉苁蓉共同加强牛蒡根的保肝作用，共为臣药；人参中人参皂苷具有多种药理作用，具有镇静安神、降脂等多种药理作用，其温性有助于缓解牛蒡苷的苦寒作用，为佐药；甘草为“国老”，具有补脾益气，清热解毒，祛痰止咳，缓急止痛，调和诸药作用，在本方中调和诸药共同发挥保肝作用，为使药。几味药有机的结合在一起，发挥其抗肝损伤作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1。
牛蒡根蜜片，其原料按重量配比如下：牛蒡根1kg、五味子0.1kg、人参0.1kg、肉苁蓉0.1kg、甘草0.1kg和蜂蜜0.4kg。
鲜牛蒡根(直径3厘米左右),洗净，去皮，称取1kg，切段(5厘米长)，在蒸锅内蒸制4小时，放凉，切制成2-3mm薄片；然后用烘箱在50℃条件下烘干，2小时后取出，得到牛蒡根片。取五味子0.1kg、人参0.1kg、肉苁蓉0.1kg和甘草0.1kg，粉碎后，分别用7倍量和5倍量水煎煮2次，每次1小时，合并水煎液，浓缩至400ml体积浸膏，加入蜂蜜400克。将牛蒡根片放入到蜂蜜浸膏中，常温常浸渍压吸收药液6小时，然后在50℃条件下烘干1.5小时，取出继续浸取吸收药液，如此反复吸收3次药液，药液基本吸收殆尽，即得牛蒡根蜜片。
实施例2。
牛蒡根蜜片，其原料按重量份数配比如下：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.3份、人参3份、肉苁蓉0.2份、甘草0.2份和蜂蜜0.6份。
实施例3。
牛蒡根蜜片，其原料按重量份数配比如下：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.5份、人参1.2份、肉苁蓉0.3份、甘草0.1份和蜂蜜0.4份。
抗肝损伤实验。
1材料与方法。
1.1实验动物。
小鼠，雄性，体重(20±2)g，由辽宁长生生物技术有限公司提供，合格证号：SCXK(辽)2010-0001，统一由实验中心单笼颗粒饲料饲养，自由饮水，室温(22±2)℃，相对湿度平均为50％。
1.2实验试剂与仪器。
联苯双酷片,批号：041226,苏州第二制药厂；谷丙转氨酶测定试剂盒,批号：20160621，南京建成生物有限公司；谷草转氨酶测定试剂盒,批号20160621,南京建成生物有限公司；四氯化碳,分析纯,批号20150121,沈阳禹王试剂有限公司；超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)试剂盒，批号：20160622，南京建成生物有限公司；丙二醛测定试剂盒,批号：20160622,南京建成生物有限公司。UV2100型紫外可见分光光度计(尤尼柯上海仪器有限公司)；YQ-A3-SS-048高速冷冻离心机(Eppendorf公司)；HH-S型电子恒温水浴锅(巩仪市予华仪器责任有限公司)；ADVIA2400型全自动生化分析仪(德国bayer公司)；AE系列电子分析天平：FA-1004电子天平(上海精科天平厂)。
1.3药物的制备。
取按照实施例1制备的牛蒡根片，用10倍量和8倍量水煎煮提取2次，每次1小时，合并提取液后浓缩至近干。在动物给药之前用0.5％CMC溶液按照0.07克生药/毫升和0.21克生药/毫升配制。另取未加工的鲜牛蒡根，按照上述方法煎煮制备纯牛蒡根提取物。
1.4模型的制备与给药。
取小鼠60只,随机分成组，为正常对照组、四氯化碳肝损伤模型组、牛蒡蜜片小剂量组(1.4g/kg)、牛蒡蜜片高剂量组(4.2g/kg)、纯牛蒡根组(4.2g/kg)和联苯双酯组。正常对照组和模型组小鼠给予灌服等量的0.5％CMC溶液，其他各组小鼠灌服相应的药物溶液,连续预防给药7天后,禁止喂食，不限制饮水，16小时后，除正常对照组外,其他各组均注射用精制花生油配制的3％四氯化碳植物油溶液(给予受试物4.5h后)，16后摘眼球取血,制备血清后测定相应指标。
1.5肝功能生化检测。
按试剂盒说明测定血清ALT和AST。按试剂盒说明测定血清SOD和MDA。
1.6病理分析。
肝组织切片，经HE染色，光镜下观察肝细胞损伤程度，分级标准。
炎性细胞浸润:(-)无，(+)平均10个高倍视野见炎性细胞浸润灶≤5个，
(++)平均10个高倍视野见炎性细胞浸润灶>5个，<10个，(++)平均10个高倍视野见炎性细胞浸润灶≥l0。
肝细胞变性:(-)无，(+)平均10个高倍视野见少数气球样或弥漫颗粒变性≤5个，(++)平均10个高倍视野见气球样变>5个，<10个，(+++)平均10个高倍视野见气球样变≥l0。
肝细胞坏死:(-)无，(+)平均10个高倍视野见点状坏死灶<5个，(++)平均10个高倍视野见点状坏死灶>5个，<10个，(+++)平均10个高倍视野见点状坏死灶≥l0或见灶状坏死灶。
1.7统计学处理。
采用SPSS23.0统计软件分析，数据以表示，数据采用单因素方差分析LSD检验，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。等级资料用RIDIT检验。
2结果。
2.1对小鼠血清ALT和AST生化指标的影响。
与正常对照组比较，肝损伤模型组小鼠血清ALT和AST明显升高，小剂量预防给药组人与肝损伤模型组比较，低剂量组血清中ALT和SLT有一定程度下降高剂量预防给药组与肝损伤模型组比较，下降程度明显。阳性药组与肝损伤模型组比较血清ALT和AST显著下降。而纯牛蒡根组与模型组比较下降较低。提示牛蒡根蜜片对四氯化碳所致急性肝损伤具有保护作用，且存在着明显的剂量依赖性。而纯牛蒡组作用较弱。结果见表1。
表1牛蒡根蜜片对CCl4所致机型肝损伤血清ALT和AST的的影响(n＝10；)。
| 组别 | ALT(U/L) | AST(U/L) |
| 正常对照组 | 26.2±3.9** | 79.1±15.1** |
| 模型组 | 135.1±23.2 | 113.2±20.5 |
| 阳性对照组 | 60.1±8.2** | 97.3±14.1* |
| 蜜片低剂量组 | 100.1±20.2* | 97.7±13.6* |
| 蜜片高剂量组 | 51.2±9.1** | 84.1±8.2** |
| 纯牛蒡根组 | 110.2±22.7 | 96.2±13.4* |
注:与模型组比较*P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。
2.2对小鼠血清SOD和MDA的影响。
与正常对照组比较,肝损伤模型组大鼠血清SOD活性明显降低,而MDA显著升高，蜜片小剂量组与肝损伤模型组比较,SOD有一定程度下降，高剂量组和阳性药组与肝损伤模型组比较,SOD活性显著升高。与模型组比较，阳性药组、蜜片组和纯牛蒡根组的MDA显著降低。结果提示牛蒡根蜜片对四氯化碳所致的氧化损伤作用具有一定的保护作用,且呈明显的量效关系；纯牛蒡根组的药理作用弱于蜜片组。结果见表2。
表2牛蒡根蜜片对血清SOD和MDA水平的影响(n＝10；)。
| 组别 | SOD(U/ml) | MDA(nmol/ml) |
| 正常对照组 | 45.8±3.0** | 4.2±0.7** |
| 模型组 | 33.1±6.8 | 6.8±0.7 |
| 阳性对照组 | 37.1±4.1* | 5.2±0.8** |
| 蜜片低剂量组 | 34.7±3.1 | 6.0±0.6* |
| 蜜片高剂量组 | 41.5±3.9** | 5.0±0.6** |
| 纯牛蒡根组 | 33.6±4.2 | 5.9±0.8* |
注:与模型组比较*P＜0.05，*P＜0.01。
2.3对肝脏病变的影响。
评分越低，其肝损伤程度越小，见表3。
正常对照组小鼠肝组织结构正常。肝损伤模型组小鼠肝组织损伤严重,肝细胞水肿,体积增大,气球样变性细胞和炎性细胞多见,散在多处坏死灶。纯牛蒡根组炎性细胞浸润和气球样变多见,可见坏死灶。蜜片低剂量组炎性细胞浸润多处,较多气球样变,很少见坏死灶,与模型组比较差异明显。蜜片高剂量组炎性细胞浸润少见,变性少见,未见坏死灶,与模型组相比,差异显著。联苯双酷组炎性细胞浸润多见,变性少见,也未见坏死灶。这些结果提示牛蒡根蜜制片对四氯化碳致肝损伤有明显的保护作用。
表3病理检查总积分。
注：与空白对照组比较，*P＜0.01；与模型组比较，△P＜0.01。
二、下面通过具体病例对本发明的疗效进一步进行验证。
病例1。
王某，男，58岁。皮肤发黄，恶心、厌油腻、食欲差、全身乏力等。临床诊断为急性肝炎。于是开始服用本品，半个月后，患者明显感觉比以往运动结束后体力恢复快，乏力等症状消除明显，采用实施例1的配方，一般按照每天20克服用，10天后ALT和AST下降明显，抗肝炎效果明显。
病例2。
赵某，男，30岁。赵某为一名在读研究生。由于实验繁忙、工作量大，常早出晚归，面色晦暗、感觉食欲不佳、浑身乏力，犯困等症状，体力恢复很慢。临床诊断为肝炎。于是服用本品，明显感觉上述症状消除明显，精力充沛。采用实施例1的配方，一般每天按照20克服用，一周即可恢复正常，效果明显。
病例3。
任某，男，36岁。为一名药品销售专员，每天奔波各大医院、药房，睡眠不足，饮食没有规律。由于工作需要又长期饮酒，出差。出现皮肤发黄、恶心，诊断为酒精性肝损伤。于是服用本品，患者明显感觉症状消除明显，采用实施例3的配方，一般按照每天20克分两次服用一周即可恢复正常，明显感觉抗疲劳能力增强。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对本领域的技术人员来说，依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特症进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种牛蒡根蜜片，其特征在于，其原料配比如下：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.1-0.5份、人参0.1-3份、肉苁蓉0.1-0.3份、甘草0.1-0.2和蜂蜜0.4-0.6份。
2.如权利要求1所述的牛蒡根蜜片，其特征在于，其原料按重量份数配比包括：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.1份、人参0.1份、肉苁蓉0.1份、甘草0.1份和蜂蜜0.4份。
3.如权利要求1所述的牛蒡根蜜片，其特征在于，其原料按重量份数配比为：牛蒡根蜜片，其原料按重量份数配比如下：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.3份、人参3份、肉苁蓉0.2份、甘草0.2份和蜂蜜0.6份。
4.如权利要求1所述的牛蒡根蜜片，其特征在于，其原料按重量份数配比为：牛蒡根蜜片，其原料按重量份数配比如下：牛蒡根1份、五味子0.5份、人参1.5份、肉苁蓉0.3份、甘草0.1份和蜂蜜0.4份。
5.如权利要求1所述的牛蒡根蜜片，其特征在于，其原料按重量配比如下：牛蒡根1kg、五味子0.1g、人参0.1g、肉苁蓉0.1g、甘草0.1g和蜂蜜0.4g。
6.如权利要求1-5所述的牛蒡根蜜片的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1、鲜牛蒡根(直径3-4厘米)1份，洗净，去皮，切段(5厘米长)，在100℃蒸锅内蒸制4小时，室温放凉，切制成2-3mm薄片；然后用烘箱在50-60℃烘干，得到牛蒡根片；
步骤2、按所需重量份数称取五味子、人参、肉苁蓉和甘草，粉碎后，分别用药材重量的7倍量和5倍量水煎煮2次，每次1小时，合并水煎液，浓缩至1倍量体积(药材重量体积比)浸膏，加入蜂蜜；
步骤3、将牛蒡根片放入到步骤2得到的浓缩的蜂蜜浸膏中，常温常压浸渍吸收药液6小时，然后50-60℃烘干，继续浸渍吸收药液，如此方法吸收药液三次，药液基本全部吸收进牛蒡蜜片中，即得牛蒡根蜜片。
7.如权利要求1-6任一所述的牛蒡根蜜片可以用于制备抗肝损伤的保健品或者药物。
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