CN115350242B - 一种糖脂代谢调节剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的防治技术领域,具体涉及一种糖脂代谢调节剂及其制备方法和应用,按重量份计,称取黄芪12‑18份、葛根12‑18份、黄连8‑12份、焦山楂12‑18份、炒莱菔子12‑18份、黄精8‑12份、地骨皮8‑12份、杜仲8‑12份、炒知母12‑18份,加水煎煮2‑3次,过滤,合并滤液,进行浓缩、干燥,粉碎、过筛,即得糖脂代谢调节剂;可按常规成型方法制备为胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂、散剂或丸剂的口服制剂,制备治疗糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的药物。该调节剂基于中医消渴病的治则治法进行组方,可多靶点调节糖脂代谢,具有调节糖脂代谢、控制全身慢性炎症、改善肠道菌群失调等作用,显著改善糖脂代谢紊乱。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的防治技术领域,具体涉及一种糖脂代谢调节剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
糖、脂代谢作为人体能量供给主要来源,在生命活动中居于关键地位,但糖脂代谢紊乱会产生高脂血症、糖尿病、脂肪肝、肥胖、动脉硬化性心脑血管病等系列疾病,长期糖、脂、血压水平异常会对全身脏器的损害而导致其功能的逐渐减退,同时引起微血管和大血管损伤,是患者致残、致死的重要原因。糖脂代谢紊乱性疾病不仅是全球性疾病,也严重威我国居民的健康,成为国家经济社会发展的重大公共卫生问题。
2015年《中国居民营养与慢性病报告》显示,中国成人血脂异常总体患病率高达40.40%。2016年,中国东部地区7省市的流行病学调查研究显示非酒精性脂肪性肝病的患病率为43.3%。2017年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)发布的数据显示,中国患病人数1.14亿,位居世界第一。糖脂代谢性疾病不仅发病率高,而且往往是合病或并病出现,即血糖异常往往伴有血脂异常或高血压等疾病。2008-2009年,郭姣教授团队对血脂异常的调查发现,高脂血症患者合并有糖尿病、高血压等疾病占84.2%。2010-2012年,对全国104家医院2.5万多例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的调查显示,T2DM患者合并有血脂异常、高血压中一种或两种的占72%。与单纯T2DM患者相比,合并血脂异常、高血压的T2DM患者心血管疾病风险高6倍,说明糖脂代谢紊乱同时存在极大增加血管疾病的发生风险。
针对目前糖脂代谢紊乱性疾病合病或并病患者的不断增加,临床指南和实践多仍以单病种、分科诊疗为主,多关注某个具体疾病,忽略多个疾病合病存在时需要综合整体治疗的特点,导致患者诊治时需在内分泌科、心内科、肾内科、神经科等多个科室之间奔走,而疾病的防控效果并不理想,研究显示糖脂代谢紊乱性疾病患者血压、血脂和血糖水平同时达标的患者仅有5.6%,综合达标率低。
糖脂代谢病(Glucolipid Metabolic Disorders,GLMD)是一种以糖、脂代谢紊乱为特征,由遗传、环境、精神等多种因素参与的疾病,以神经内分泌失调、胰岛素抵抗、氧化应激、慢性炎性反应、肠道菌群失调为核心病理,以高血糖、血脂失调、脂肪肝、超重、高血压、动脉粥样硬化等单一或合并出现为主要临床表现,需要从整体上进行综合防控的疾病。
中国专利申请CN202011439743.0公开了“一种改善糖尿病糖脂代谢的中药组合物及其应用”,由以下重量份的原料药组成:葛根9份、黄芪9份、党参6份、白术6份、茯苓6份、甘草3份、麦冬6份、紫苏6份。其优点表现在:优选各原料药及其之间的重量份配比,方中葛根味甘辛,性平,入脾胃,能升清阳生津止渴,解肌通络;黄芪味甘,性微温,补脾肺元气,两者共凑益气生津健脾之功,共为君药。党参味甘,性平,益气健脾、养血生津;白术苦温,健脾燥湿,加强中焦运化功效;茯苓甘淡,健脾渗湿,三者相配,则有健脾化痰祛湿之功,共为臣药。麦冬甘、微苦,微寒,养阴生津;紫苏叶性温,味辛,行气和胃、消食导滞,共为佐药。生甘草,益气和中,调和诸药,为使药。诸药和调,改善糖脂代谢疗效显著。
中国专利申请CN201810104333.7公开了“一种治疗糖尿病的药物组合物及其制备方法”,用于治疗糖尿病及其慢性血管并发症的药物,以及该药物的制备方法,属于中药领域。它由以下重量份的原料药制成:黄芪3-9份、黄精3-9份、地骨皮2-6份,丹皮2-6份。该药物的制备方法包括:a)按重量配比3-9:3-9:2-6;2-6分别称取黄芪、黄精、地骨皮、丹皮备用;b)上述药物分别采取水提醇沉或一定浓度的乙醇回流、浓缩、浸膏;c)将浸膏加入辅料,加工成形。本发明药物具有益气养阴、清热活血的作用,用于治疗2型糖尿病糖脂代谢紊乱及其慢性微血管并发症疗效突出。
中国专利申请CN201610339866.4公开了“一种用于治疗代谢综合征的中药组合物及其制备方法”,其中,该组合物由以下重量份的原料配伍而成:夏天无15份、夏枯草10份、银杏叶8份、山楂叶8份、葛根2份、龙胆草2份、山栀子2份、玉竹10份、石膏2份、知母2份、黄连3份、生地2份、苦参2份、石决明2份、花粉2份、泽泻2份、神曲2份、杜仲2份、牛膝2份、冬虫夏草2份、女贞子2份、黄芪10份、车前子2份、白术2份、川军2份。本发明的有益之处在于:不仅疗程短、见效快(1-3个月),而且效果明显(治愈率达91.08%、有效率达100%),具有积极的治疗效果。
上述3份中国专利申请均已授权,充分表明中药作用机制具有多靶点、多成分及高协同的特点,因此可基于中医学药食同源、多靶点的治疗特点,更多地研制糖脂代谢调节剂,为改善或治疗因糖脂代谢紊乱所引发的疾病病症,提供更多地途径,以充分发挥中医药治病强身的优势。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种糖脂代谢调节剂及其制备方法和应用,本发明糖脂代谢调节剂具体通过调节糖脂代谢、控制炎症、改善肠道菌群失调等作用,达成改善或治疗因糖脂代谢紊乱所引发的疾病病症。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案具体如下:
一种糖脂代谢调节剂,由以下原料及质量份组成:黄芪12-18份、葛根12-18份、黄连8-12份、焦山楂12-18份、炒莱菔子12-18份、黄精8-12份、地骨皮8-12份、杜仲8-12份、炒知母12-18份。
作为优选,所述糖脂代谢调节剂由以下原料及质量份组成:黄芪15份、葛根15份、黄连10份、焦山楂15份、炒莱菔子15份、黄精10份、地骨皮10份、杜仲10份、炒知母15份。
上述糖脂代谢调节剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1备料:按上述原料及质量份称取各组份中药,得到中药组合物;
S2水提:将S1中所述的中药组合物加水煎煮2-3次,其煎煮方法包括(1)第1次煎煮:加入8-10倍量的水,浸泡0.5-1.0h后,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸20-40分钟,过滤;(2)第2-3次煎煮:加入6-8倍量的水,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸20-40分钟,过滤,合并滤液;
S3干燥:将S2所得滤液浓缩、干燥,粉碎、过筛,即得。
作为优选,S2水提所述的煎煮方法为(1)第1次煎煮:加入8倍量的水,浸泡1.0h后,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤;(2)第2、3次煎煮:加入6倍量的水,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤,合并滤液。
作为优选,S3干燥所述浓缩是指将S2所得滤液浓缩至稠膏,所述干燥是指真空冷冻干燥。
作为优选,S3干燥所述浓缩是指将S2所得滤液浓缩至密度为1.04-1.07g/mL,所述干燥是指喷雾干燥。
进一步地,本发明糖脂代谢调节剂通过常规成型工艺制备成胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂、散剂或丸剂的口服制剂,使得本发明产品更便于储存、运输和推广应用。
本发明糖脂代谢调节剂可应用于制备治疗糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的药物。
本发明糖脂代谢调节剂基于中医治疗糖脂代谢紊乱,从脏腑、气血阴阳出发,在组方用药时,以调和脏腑阴阳、益气生津、行气散瘀、补虚润燥为特色疗法,组方中:(1)黄芪,补脾固肾、益气生津,补脾益气以扶正;(2)葛根,长于生津,止渴,升阳,助黄芪发脾胃之清阳并输布津液而止渴;(3)焦山楂,消食健胃、行气散瘀,甘温补虚,达补虚散瘀之功;(4)莱菔子,消食除胀,降气化痰,与山楂合用,消食行气功效明显;(5)黄连,性苦、燥,清热燥湿、泻火解毒,葛根与其配伍使用可制约黄连之燥性,起到相辅相成的作用;(6)黄精,既滋补阴液之不足,又能补气血之虚损,滋阴润燥以清热,以除久郁所生之热,达标本兼顾之效;(7)地骨皮,甘寒清润,能凉血除蒸、清肺降火,育真阴而不伤元阳;(8)炒知母,长于滋肾阴;(9)杜仲,长于补肝肾,强筋骨,适用于消渴日久,阴损及阳,肾之阴阳两虚之证。以上诸药配伍使用,相辅相成。
据现代药理学研究表明:(1)黄芪,性味甘,微温,归肺、脾经,含有黄芪多糖、黄芪甲苷以及毛蕊异黄酮等有效成分,而黄芪多糖对老年糖尿病患者肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素-6等细胞因子水平的调节作用,有学者通过观察黄芪多糖对肠道菌群的调节作用,发现黄芪多糖可增加优势菌,减少有害菌,从而改善肠道菌群的失调;有研究证实,黄芪含有丰富的氨基酸、苷类以及多糖等,具有促进人体代谢,增强免疫力,改善微循环的作用,同时黄芪由于具有抑制氧化应激的作用,能够在一定程度上降低胰岛素抵抗水平,起到阻止或减缓胰岛素抵抗发生的作用;(2)葛根,味甘、辛,性凉,归脾、胃经,富含葛根素,而葛根素能改善2型糖尿病患者血糖控制状况,增加机体对胰岛素的敏感性;(3)黄连,味苦,性寒,归心、肝、脾、胃、胆、大肠经,富含黄连素,而黄连素具有降血糖、调脂、促进胰岛素分泌和改善胰岛素抵抗等作用;(4)焦山楂,味酸、甘,性微温,归脾、胃、肝经,山楂及其饮片(包括净山楂、炒山楂、焦山楂)中的有机酸类成分是其具有健胃消食作用的主要有效成分,山楂经炮制为焦山楂后,不仅酸味减弱,苦味增强,长于消食化滞、活血化痰;(5)炒莱菔子,味辛、甘,性平,归脾、胃、肺经,具有降血脂、降血压、祛痰、平喘、镇咳、抗氧化、抗菌、抗突变、抗癌、增强胃动力的作用;(6)黄精,味甘,性平,归脾、肺、肾经,富含黄精多糖,而黄精多糖具有降血糖、降血脂、降血压、抗炎、抗菌、抗癌、提高免疫力等作用;(7)地骨皮,味甘,性寒,归肺、肝、肾经,具有降血糖、降血压、降血脂、解热镇痛、抗菌以及免疫调节等药理作用;(8)杜仲,味甘,性温,归肝、肾经,其化学成分主要包括黄酮类、多糖类、木脂素类等,药理作用主要有降血糖、调节血脂、降压、预防骨质疏松、抗炎、保肝等;(9)炒知母,味苦,性寒,归肺、胃、肾经,知母具有抗血小板血栓、改善阿尔茨海默症、抗肿瘤、抗炎、降血糖、降脂、抗动脉粥样硬化、改善骨质疏松症状、抗氧化等作用,对循环系统、内分泌系统、心血管系统等疾病有一定的疗效,经炮制为炒知母,味咸入肾长于滋肾阴,有滋阴润澡、生津止渴功效。
本发明的有益效果包括:
本发明糖代谢调节剂具有“调和脏腑阴阳、益气生津、行气散瘀、补虚润燥”之功,基于中医消渴病的治则治法进行组方,又结合现代药理研究基础,可多靶点调节糖脂代谢,显著改善糖脂代谢紊乱,无毒副作用,制备方法简单、易于携带服用,可实现工业化大规模制备。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
以质量份计,称取黄芪12份、葛根12份、黄连8份、焦山楂12份、炒莱菔子12份、黄精8份、地骨皮8份、杜仲8份、炒知母12份,加入8倍量的水,浸泡0.5h后,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤,完成第1次煎煮,向药渣加入6倍量的水,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤,完成第2次煎煮,合并2次煎煮所得的滤液,将所得滤液浓缩至稠膏,真空冷冻干燥,粉碎、过筛,即得。
实施例2
以质量份计,称取黄芪15份、葛根15份、黄连10份、焦山楂15份、炒莱菔子15份、黄精10份、地骨皮10份、杜仲10份、炒知母15份,加入8倍量的水,浸泡1.0h后,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤,完成第1次煎煮,向药渣加入6倍量的水,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤,完成第2次煎煮,依照第2次煎煮同法完成第3次煎煮,合并3次煎煮所得滤液,浓缩至密度为1.07g/mL,喷雾干燥,粉碎、过筛,即得。
实施例3
以质量份计,称取黄芪18份、葛根18份、黄连12份、焦山楂18份、炒莱菔子18份、黄精12份、地骨皮12份、杜仲12份、炒知母18份,加入10倍量的水,浸泡1.0h后,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸20分钟,过滤,完成第1次煎煮,向药渣加入8倍量的水,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸20分钟,过滤,完成第2次煎煮,依照第2次煎煮同法完成第3次煎煮,合并3次煎煮所得滤液,浓缩至密度为1.04g/mL,喷雾干燥,粉碎、过筛,即得。
实验例1
本实验以上述实施例2所得糖脂代谢调节剂为药物样品,按如下步骤具体开展本发明糖脂代谢调节剂的作用机理进行验证。
(1)糖尿病小鼠模型的建立
C57/BL6雄性小鼠30只(成都硕达实验动物有限公司)适应性饲养1周后,给予高脂饲料(Fat Research Diets D12492)(购自成都派尚飞克生物科技有限公司)喂养6周后,禁食不禁水12h,单次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)(100mg/kg)诱发2型糖尿病(T2DM),诱导l周后,用三诺血糖测定仪检测空腹血糖;空腹血糖值连续2天≥11.1mmoL/L的动物认定2型糖尿病模型制备成功。
(2)动物分组给药
按照实验需要随机分为空白组、模型组、实施例2(高、中、低)浓度组,每日灌胃。其中,空白组和模型组每日灌胃0.2ml,实施例2(高、中、低)浓度组分别灌胃,根据人与小鼠体表面积的转换公式(人体平均体重约为70kg,记录人体剂量为X mg/kg,小鼠剂量=X mg/kg×70kg×0.0026/24g=X mg/kg×70kg×0.0026/0.024kg=7.59×X mg/kg),分别换算成临床等效剂量的1/2倍、1倍和2倍,计算每组中小鼠的生药剂量为0.8g/ml、1.6g/ml、3.2g/ml,再以此为基础,与实施例2糖脂代谢调节剂的当量相乘,计算得到低、中和高剂量组的用药剂量,进行干预。
(3)行为学变化
研究发现,在行为学上,实施例2(高、中、低)浓度组较模型组小鼠有缓解,具体表现为:空白组小鼠好动,活泼喜攀爬,毛发光亮,垫料干净;
模型组小鼠畏缩蜷卧,不喜攀爬,懒动好卧,毛发晦暗量少,垫料湿重并有烂苹果味;
实施例2(高、中、低)浓度组小鼠疲倦懒动现象改善,毛发恢复,垫料部分较干,尿量减少,其中高、中剂量组改善效果显著。
(4)空腹血糖(FBG)、血清空腹胰岛素(FINS)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)
空腹血糖测量:小鼠空腹12h后尾静脉取血,直接用血糖仪测量。
空腹胰岛素测量:小鼠空腹12h,眼球取血,4℃、3000r/min离心15min,移液枪吸取上层血清。取血清严格按照试剂盒说明书采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)测定小鼠血清FINS含量。
胰岛素抵抗指数按以下公式计算:
胰岛素抵抗指数=(FBG level × fasting insulin [FINS] level) / 22.5
检测结果见表1。
表1中,与空白组比较##P<0.01;与模型组比较**P<0.01,n=6。模型组小鼠空腹胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数明显上升,与空白组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实施例2高、中、低浓度组空腹胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗指数均下降,与模型组相比,统计学有显著差异(P<0.01)。
如表1所示,实施例2所得糖脂代谢调节剂可以改善T2DM小鼠的葡萄糖稳态。
(5)血脂四项的变化
取小鼠血清严格按照甘油三酯测定试剂盒说明书,采用GPO-PAP法测定每个样本甲状腺球蛋白(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量,检测结果见表2。
表2中,与空白组比较##P<0.01;与模型组比较**P<0.01,n=6。模型组小鼠血脂四项水平明显异常,与空白组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实施例2高、中、低浓度组血脂四项均改善明显,与模型组相比,TC、TG和LDL-C显著降低,HDL-C显著升高,统计学有显著差异(P<0.01)。
如表2所示,实施例2所得糖脂代谢调节剂可以改善T2DM小鼠的血脂异常。
(6)小鼠肠道菌群变化
委托上海百趣生物医学科技有限公司开展小鼠肠道菌群的检测,送检样本分别为空白组、模型组、实施例2高浓度组各4份,检测结果见表3至表5。
如表3至表5所示,实施例2所得糖脂代谢调节剂可以改善T2DM小鼠的菌群丰度及结构组成。
(7)肿瘤坏死因子-α含量变化
糖脂代谢紊乱会加速全身慢性炎症的发展,而血清中的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)是可以反应全身慢性炎症的指标之一。
取血清严格按照试剂盒说明书,采用ELISA法测定小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α含量,检测结果见表6。
表6中,与空白组比较##P<0.01;与模型组比较**P<0.01,n=6。模型组小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α含量明显上升,与空白组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);实施例2高、中、低浓度组肿瘤坏死因子-α含量显著下降,与模型组相比,统计学有显著差异(P<0.01)。
如表6所示,实施例2所得糖脂代谢调节剂可以抑制T2DM小鼠因糖脂代谢紊乱而产生的全身慢性炎症。
基于上述实验表明,本发明糖脂代谢调节剂具有调节糖脂代谢、控制炎症、改善肠道菌群失调等作用。因此,可以预见的是,将本发明实施例1-3所得糖脂代谢调节剂,按常规成型方法制备为胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂、散剂或丸剂等口服制剂,使得本发明糖代谢调节剂更便于储存、运输和推广应用,可用于制备治疗糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的药物。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种糖脂代谢调节剂,其特征在于,由以下原料及质量份组成:黄芪12-18份、葛根12-18份、黄连8-12份、焦山楂12-18份、炒莱菔子12-18份、黄精8-12份、地骨皮8-12份、杜仲8-12份、炒知母12-18份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的糖脂代谢调节剂,其特征在于,由以下原料及质量份组成:黄芪15份、葛根15份、黄连10份、焦山楂15份、炒莱菔子15份、黄精10份、地骨皮10份、杜仲10份、炒知母15份。
3.一种糖脂代谢调节剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1备料:按权利要求1所述的原料及质量份称取各组份中药,得到中药组合物;
S2水提:将S1中所述的中药组合物加水煎煮2-3次,其煎煮方法包括(1)第1次煎煮:加入8-10倍量的水,浸泡0.5-1.0h后,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸20-40分钟,过滤;(2)第2-3次煎煮:加入6-8倍量的水,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸20-40分钟,过滤,合并滤液;
S3干燥:将S2所得滤液浓缩、干燥,粉碎、过筛,即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的糖脂代谢调节剂的制备方法,其特征在于:S2水提所述的煎煮方法为(1)第1次煎煮:加入8倍量的水,浸泡1.0h后,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤;(2)第2、3次煎煮:加入6倍量的水,以武火煮沸后开始计时,转文火保持微沸40分钟,过滤,合并滤液。
5.根据权利要求3所述的糖脂代谢调节剂的制备方法,其特征在于:S3干燥所述浓缩是指将S2所得滤液浓缩至稠膏,所述干燥是指真空冷冻干燥。
6.根据权利要求3所述的糖脂代谢调节剂的制备方法,其特征在于:S3干燥所述浓缩是指将S2所得滤液浓缩至密度为1.04-1.07g/mL,所述干燥是指喷雾干燥。
7.根据权利要求3-6中任一项所述的糖脂代谢调节剂的制备方法,其特征在于:将所述糖脂代谢调节剂通过常规成型工艺制备成胶囊剂、颗粒剂、片剂、散剂或丸剂的口服制剂。
8.权利要求1或2所述的糖脂代谢调节剂在制备治疗糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的药物中的应用。
9.权利要求3-7任一项所述的制备方法制备所得的糖脂代谢调节剂在制备治疗糖脂代谢紊乱疾病的药物中的应用。
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