CN108530352A - 一种2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种2,6‑二氯‑4‑三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,2,6‑二羟基‑3‑氰基‑4‑三氟甲基吡、三氯氧磷、2,6‑二氯‑3‑氰基‑4‑三氟甲基吡啶、浓硫酸、YCl3·6H2O、YbCl3·6H2O和TmCl3·6H2O为主要原料,本发明通过在催化剂作用下,2,6‑二氯‑3‑氰基‑4‑三氟甲基吡啶中的氰基由于电负性的差异,使得电子向氮原子偏移,随后水分子与氰基作用,在碳与氮原子上分别上羟基和氢,行成一个过渡态,过渡态经过重排形成更为稳定的酰胺。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,属于催化技术领域。
背景技术
氟啶虫酰胺由日本石原产业公司研制,是一类新型的高效、低毒的酰胺类杀虫剂,可用于蔬菜、果树、花卉等作物的病虫害的防护与治疗,尤其对叶蝉类、飞虱类、粉虱类、蚜虫类等吮吸性害虫具有良好的药效。氟啶虫酰胺能通过皮肤接触和害虫吸食进胃后产生胃毒来杀死害虫,同时也能通过神经刺激或令害虫厌食来达到药效。各类刺吸式口器害虫在吸入含有氟咤虫酞胺原药的汁液后,原药能阻止其进行正常的消化从而将害虫饿死。目前合成路线主要采用以4-三氟甲基烟酸为起始原料,先经过酰氯化得到4-三氟甲基烟酰氯,再在碱性条件下与氨基乙腈反应得到最终产物氟啶虫酰胺;2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺作为其合成过程中的重要中间体,对于提高氟啶虫酰胺的收率,缩短生产时间,降低反应能耗和废物排放具有重要意义,寻求一种高效合成2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的方法非常有必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,该方法在优化条件下能催化2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和浓硫酸的反应,具有较高的产物收率。
一种中间体2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1、在室温下,向250m1的反应瓶中,依次加入17g2,6-二羟基-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和68g三氯氧磷,开启搅拌,将反应液升温至160℃左右,保温反应12h,冷却至室温;
步骤2、将上述反应液倒入冰水中,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节反应液PH=7,倒入500m1的分液漏斗中进行分离,用20ml二氯乙烷萃取水相三次,集中的有机相用水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩,残留液减压蒸馏,得2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶;
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入10g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;
步骤4、将上述反应液倒入100ml冰水之中,稍稍搅拌,有大量白色固体析出,抽滤,滤渣烘干,得到中间体2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺。
所述的REOCl纳米催化剂制备方法如下:
步骤1、取30nmol YCl3·6H2O、6nmolYbCl3·6H2O、6nmolTmCl3·6H2O入到装有10ml油酸和10ml十八烯的三颈烧瓶中,搅拌30分钟,然后加热至160℃保温30分钟,等自然冷却至50℃,加入10ml溶解有5mmolNaF的甲醇溶液,搅拌30分钟,然后升温至300℃,保温90分钟;
步骤2、将上述反应得到的产物用水一乙醇一环己烷(体积比1:1:3)清洗,离心速度为5000r/min离心分离10分钟,然后用浓度0.01mol·L-1的盐酸溶液超声处理5分钟,继而在溶有0.25g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的水溶液中搅拌2小时,得到REOCl纳米催化剂。
有益效果:本发明提供了一种中间体2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,2,6-二羟基-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶先是共振重排得到其羰基化合物,三氯氧磷中的磷作为亲电试剂进攻羰基碳,经过一系列的中间态转化后,离去基团离去,同时,氯上到碳原子上对应的位置上,得到相应的卤代产物;在催化剂作用下,2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶中的氰基由
于电负性的差异,使得电子向氮原子偏移,随后水分子与氰基作用,在碳与氮原子上分别上羟基和氢,行成一个过渡态,过渡态经过重排形成更为稳定的酰胺。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1、在室温下,向250m1的反应瓶中,依次加入17g2,6-二羟基-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和68g三氯氧磷,开启搅拌,将反应液升温至160℃左右,保温反应12h,冷却至室温;
步骤2、将上述反应液倒入冰水中,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节反应液PH=7,倒入500m1的分液漏斗中进行分离,用20ml二氯乙烷萃取水相三次,集中的有机相用水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩,残留液减压蒸馏,得2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶;
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入10g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;
步骤4、将上述反应液倒入100ml冰水之中,稍稍搅拌,有大量白色固体析出,抽滤,滤渣烘干,得到中间体2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺。
所述的REOCl纳米催化剂制备方法如下:
步骤1、取30nmol YCl3·6H2O、6nmolYbCl3·6H2O、6nmolTmCl3·6H2O入到装有10ml油酸和10ml十八烯的三颈烧瓶中,搅拌30分钟,然后加热至160℃保温30分钟,等自然冷却至50℃,加入10ml溶解有5mmolNaF的甲醇溶液,搅拌30分钟,然后升温至300℃,保温90分钟;
步骤2、将上述反应得到的产物用水一乙醇一环己烷(体积比1:1:3)清洗,离心速度为5000r/min离心分离10分钟,然后用浓度0.01mol·L-1的盐酸溶液超声处理5分钟,继而在溶有0.25g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的水溶液中搅拌2小时,得到REOCl纳米催化剂。
实施例2
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入10g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加15ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例3
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入10g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加5ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例4
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入10g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加2ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例5
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入15g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例6
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入20g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例7
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入25g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例8
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入30g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例9
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入35g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
实施例10
步骤3、在室温下,向250ml装有2g REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入40g2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和20ml水,搅拌,缓慢滴加25ml浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;其余步骤同实施例1。
对照例1
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤1中,用等量的二氯亚砜取代三氯氧磷,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例2
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤1中,用氯气取代三氯氧磷,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例3
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤2中,调节溶液PH=3,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例4
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤1中,调节溶液PH=10,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例5
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤3中,用等量浓硝酸取代浓硫酸,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例6
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤3中,用等量10%浓度盐酸取代浓硫酸,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例7
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤3中,不再加入REOCl纳米催化剂;其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例8
与实施例1不同点在于:中间体的合成步骤3中,加入Ta2O5作为催化剂取代REOCl;其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例9
与实施例1不同点在于:催化剂的合成步骤1中,YCl3·6H2O、YbCl3·6H2O、TmCl3·6H2O摩尔比为1:1:5,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例10
与实施例1不同点在于:催化剂的合成步骤1中,YCl3·6H2O、YbCl3·6H2O、TmCl3·6H2O摩尔比为1:5:1,其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
实施例和对照例不同条件下的反应结果如表所示
实验结果表明催化剂对2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成反应具有良好的催化效果,在反应条件一定时,中间体收率越高,催化性能越好,反之越差;2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶、浓硫酸质量比为1:4时,其他配料固定,合成效果最好,与实施例1不同点在于,实施例2至实施例10分别改变主要原料2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶、浓硫酸的用量和配比,对合成产物的收率有不同的影响;对照例1至对照例 2用二氯亚砜和氯气分别取代三氯氧磷,其他步骤完全相同,导致产物收率明显降低,说明三氯氧磷对反应的收率影响很大;对照例3至对照例4改变溶液的PH值,效果依然不好,说明在分离过程中溶液PH大小很重要;对照例5至对照例6用盐酸和浓硝酸取代浓硫酸,使得产物得收率降低,反应效果明显变差,说明浓硫酸的反应效果较好;对照例7至对照例8不再加入催化剂用Ta2O5取代,催化反应的效果明显变差,说明催化剂是必不可少的;对照例9至对照例10催化剂三种原料的配比发生变化,改变了催化剂的结构性质,反应的转化率和选择性很低,反应效果明显变差,产物收率依然不高;因此使用本发明的催化剂对2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成反应具有优异的催化效果。
Claims (2)
1.一种2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
步骤1、在室温下,向反应瓶中,依次加入2,6-二羟基-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和三氯氧磷,开启搅拌,将反应液升温至160℃左右,保温反应12h,冷却至室温;
步骤2、将上述反应液倒入冰水中,用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节反应液PH=7,倒入分液漏斗中进行分离,用二氯乙烷萃取水相三次,集中的有机相用水洗涤,有机相干燥,浓缩,残留液减压蒸馏,得2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶;
步骤3、在室温下,向装有REOCl纳米催化剂的反应瓶中,依次加入2,6-二氯-3-氰基-4-三氟甲基吡啶和水,搅拌,缓慢滴加浓度98%浓硫酸,滴加完毕后,将反应液升温至90℃,保温反应10h,冷却至室温;
步骤4、将上述反应液倒入100ml冰水之中,稍稍搅拌,有大量白色固体析出,抽滤,滤渣烘干,得到中间体2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基烟酰胺的合成方法,其特征在于,
所述的REOCl纳米催化剂制备方法如下:
步骤1、取30nmol YCl3·6H2O、6nmolYbCl3·6H2O、6nmolTmCl3·6H2O入到装有10ml油酸和10ml十八烯的三颈烧瓶中,搅拌30分钟,然后加热至160℃保温30分钟,等自然冷却至50℃,加入10ml溶解有5mmolNaF的甲醇溶液,搅拌30分钟,然后升温至300℃,保温90分钟;
步骤2、将上述反应得到的产物用水一乙醇一环己烷(体积比1:1:3)清洗,离心速度为5000r/min离心分离10分钟,然后用浓度0.01mol·L-1的盐酸溶液超声处理5分钟,继而在溶有0.25g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的水溶液中搅拌2小时,得到REOCl纳米催化剂。
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