CN108496718A - A kind of implantation methods of the arable land point with tillage system reform and increasing both production and income of ploughing - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods of the arable land point with tillage system reform and increasing both production and income of ploughing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496718A CN108496718A CN201810286217.1A CN201810286217A CN108496718A CN 108496718 A CN108496718 A CN 108496718A CN 201810286217 A CN201810286217 A CN 201810286217A CN 108496718 A CN108496718 A CN 108496718A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods of arable land point with tillage system reform and arable land increasing both production and income, pattern is that will plough to be divided into the staggered pattern of wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone；The narrow agrarian zone is used for three batches of corns of continuous cropping, and 3-4 row of corn planting behavior；The wide cut agrarian zone is normally planted other crops in addition to corn by season；The width of the wide cut agrarian zone is the three times of narrow farming bandwidth and wide cut agrarian zone can accommodate combine harvester and disposably gather in and pass through.After its method is coarse cereals or vegetables priority harvest after the third stubble corn of narrow agrarian zone and wide cut agrarian zone, into repartitioning for row wide-narrow width agrarian zone.The present invention provides a kind of completely new agricultural planting patterns, it not only ensure that the yield of staple food grain increases, so that peasant income is greatly improved, optimize the pattern of farming of staple food grain-coarse cereals-ensilage to a certain extent, and every 4 years can make land retirement one time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of arable land point band tillage system reform and increasing both production and income of ploughing
Implantation methods.
Background technology
The staple food grain that wheat and corn are lived as our people, plantation status is not allowed to shake, in the not increased feelings in soil
Under condition, how to improve the yield of staple food grain is always the important topic of agricultural research.With the development of society and people's lives custom
Change, China's planting industry faces many contradictions, mainly there is following aspect：
One, the long-term crop rotation in China Plain staple food grain producing region, soil ceaselessly uses on the 1st, in addition the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticide,
Hardening soil situation is increasingly sharpened so that most soils are lain fallow, however land retirement can reduce grain yield, are threatened
To the interests of peasant, some areas are quasi- to use government subsidy, the mode that peasant lies fallow, but enforcement difficulty is big, even if subsidy
It makes it difficult for peasant to realize really to lie fallow, therefore seeks an effective and feasible land retirement scheme and asked as in the urgent need to address
Topic；
Two, crop yield can be significantly improved using Dominance in border row, although at present there are also using Dominance in border row into
The cropping pattern of row interplanting, but its feasibility is poor, it is difficult to it realizes mechanized cultivation, it is complex to implement operation, it is not easy to
Received by peasant；
Three, as the improvement of people's living standards, the people increase the demand of meat, eggs and milk year by year, then aquaculture is rapid
Development, causes feed dosage constantly to increase, and especially in the season of forage grass gap between generations, even more supply falls short of demand, in some areas
Part peasant is directly changed to silage corn production in order to ensure the supply of forage grass, by maize production, to make under corn total output
Drop, certain threat is brought to " grain security "；
Four, with the continuous enhancing of health of people diet theory, coarse cereals are increasingly liked by people, in the diet
Through part instead of staple food grain, however the pattern of farming of China's staple food grain-coarse cereals is unreasonable, and pattern of farming constantly changes with people
Diet theory have certain disconnection, this larger with China's gap between the rich and the poor, populous, limited actual conditions in arable land is inseparable
, it is therefore desirable under the premise of ensureing staple food grain yield, advanced optimize staple food grain-coarse cereals pattern of farming.
Invention content
An object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of arable land point band tillage system reform, so that under the premise of staple food grain output increased
Solve the problems, such as that soil needs are lain fallow in existing agricultural planting, staple food grain-coarse cereals-ensilage pattern of farming is unreasonable.
The second object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income.
An object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of arable land point band tillage system reform, will plough
It is divided into the staggered pattern of wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone；The narrow agrarian zone is used for continuous cropping corn, and corn
3-4 row of planting behavior；The wide cut agrarian zone is normally planted other crops in addition to corn by season；The wide cut is ploughed
The width for making band is the three times of narrow farming bandwidth and wide cut agrarian zone can accommodate combine harvester and disposably gather in and lead to
It crosses.
Corn continuous cropping pattern in narrow agrarian zone is three batches of corns of annual plantation, wherein first batch of corn and second batch
Corn is to shift to an earlier date nursery, nursery stage 25-32 days using greenhouse, then seedling is transplanted to narrow plough in corresponding planting season respectively
Make band, harvest is at cooked maize after corn planting maturation；After first batch of corn is gathered in and is turned over, in narrow agrarian zone transplanting be
The corn seedling that second batch of plantation is cultivated, after second batch of corn gathers in and turns over, using the side of sowing in narrow agrarian zone
Formula plants third stubble corn, is gathered in after third stubble corn grows up to silage corn, is then lain fallow to narrow agrarian zone, waits coming
Planting season in year repeats the planting process of above-mentioned three batches of corns.
The second object of the present invention is to what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income,
Include the following steps：
A, a point band farming is carried out into arable land：Arable land is divided into the staggered mould of wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone
Formula；The narrow agrarian zone is used for continuous cropping corn, and 3-4 row of corn planting behavior；The wide cut agrarian zone presses normal kind of season
Plant other crops in addition to corn；The width of the wide cut agrarian zone is the three times of narrow farming bandwidth and wide cut farming
Band can accommodate combine harvester, and disposably harvesting passes through；
B, corn continuous cropping is carried out in narrow agrarian zone：Three batches of corns of plantation every year, wherein first batch of corn and second batch
Corn is to shift to an earlier date nursery, nursery stage 25-32 days using greenhouse, then seedling is transplanted to narrow plough in corresponding planting season respectively
Make band, harvest is at cooked maize after corn planting maturation；After first batch of corn is gathered in and is turned over, in narrow agrarian zone transplanting be
The corn seedling that second batch of plantation is cultivated, after second batch of corn gathers in and turns over, using the side of sowing in narrow agrarian zone
Formula plants third stubble corn, is gathered in after third stubble corn grows up to silage corn, is then lain fallow to narrow agrarian zone, waits coming
Planting season in year repeats the planting process of above-mentioned three batches of corns；
C, the crop rotation of wheat and coarse cereals or vegetables is carried out in wide cut agrarian zone：Wheat, wheat are planted in wide cut agrarian zone
After gathering in and turning over, after wide cut agrarian zone plants coarse cereals or vegetables, coarse cereals or vegetable harvesting and turns over, in wide cut agrarian zone weight
Multiple above-mentioned planting process.
D, width width agrarian zone is repartitioned：Wait for the third stubble corn of narrow agrarian zone and the coarse cereals of wide cut agrarian zone
Or after vegetables successively harvest, adjoins on wide cut agrarian zone at the position of former narrow agrarian zone and marks off new narrow agrarian zone,
The remaining part of wide cut agrarian zone incorporates into new wide cut agrarian zone into together with former narrow agrarian zone, with such on whole picture arable land
It pushes away, forms the staggered pattern of new wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone, complete repartitioning for width width agrarian zone.
The specific planting process of three batches of corns is：
A, first batch of corn：It proceeded by and nurses young plants in hothouses in 1-8 2 months, nursery stage is 1 month, March 3 days-10
Day, first batch in first batch of corn transplantation of seedlings to narrow agrarian zone, will be harvested 13-20 May into cooked maize；
B, second batch of corn：It proceeded by and nurses young plants in hothouses 12-20 April, nursery stage is 1 month, May 13
Days -20 days, after first batch of harvest corn, by second batch of corn transplantation of seedlings to narrow agrarian zone, in 25 days-August 1 in July
Second batch is harvested day into cooked maize；
C, third stubble corn：In 25 days-August 1 day in July, sowed after second batch of harvest corn, October 4-
Harvest silage corn was required according to ensilage in 18.
Described nurse young plants in hothouses is that nursery is carried out in greenhouse or in nursery center.
The technology nursed young plants in hothouses requires to be that maize seedling will strengthen should not be prosperous, and height of seedling of the maize seedling in transplanting is not higher than
30cm。
When planting seedling, the line-spacing between two side rows and adjacent wide cut agrarian zone is for first batch of corn and second batch of corn
40cm, the line-spacing between center row and side row are 35cm, and the spacing in the rows of maize seedling is 15cm, the seedling number in every half mu of narrow agrarian zone
It is 3900-4000.
Third stubble corn carries out dense planting, and the number of emerging of the third stubble corn in every half mu of narrow agrarian zone is controlled 7900
- 8100.
The above-mentioned farming date refers to Yellow River basin and North China's farming date.
The present invention provides a kind of completely new arable land width width banding pattern, the intrinsic plantation for having broken traditional mode is thought
Road opens a kind of arable land division thinking of new more science.Present invention arable land point band tillage system reform can make full use of side
Row advantage maize planting, and it is suitable for mechanized cultivation, feasibility is good, is easy to be received by peasant.
The present invention provides a kind of completely new dimension stereo agriculture planting methods, open a new plantation thinking, for entire agricultural
It plants more scientific healthier development and creates condition.The present invention takes full advantage of the Dominance in border row of crops, and combines greenhouse
The mode of nursery, makes corn yield greatly improve, and not only ensure that the yield of staple food grain increases, peasant income is made to greatly improve,
The structure of staple food grain-coarse cereals-ensilage is optimized to a certain extent, and the arable land of a quarter can be made to lie fallow 3-4 every year
A month, whole picture arable land can be made within every 4 years to lie fallow in turn one time.On the basis of in soil, science is lain fallow, grain yield can also be substantially
It improves, realizes the benign cycle that land use-is lain fallow, soil will be made to be changed into life using implantation methods of the present invention vigorous
Vigorous green fertile soil makes agricultural planting generate qualitative leap.
In addition, wheat is normally planted in 3/4ths soil by former mode in implantation methods of the present invention, in wide cut agrarian zone
Existing sowing harvesting apparatus can be used, small-sized harvesting apparatus can be used in narrow agrarian zone, mechanical automation degree is high, management
It is convenient.The present invention, which nurses young plants in hothouses, voluntarily to be carried out in greenhouse by peasant according to actual conditions, can also be built by unification of the motherland
If nursery center is managed collectively, implantation methods of the invention modernize agriculture suitable for extensive integrated planning of ploughing, for China
Industry provides the foundation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of width width banding pattern of the present invention.A indicates the width of wide cut agrarian zone in figure；B indicates narrow
The width of agrarian zone；C indicates the line-spacing between side row maize seedling and adjacent wide cut agrarian zone in narrow agrarian zone；D indicates narrow
Line-spacing in agrarian zone between center row maize seedling and side row maize seedling；E indicates the spacing in the rows of maize seedling.
Specific implementation mode
It is further illustrated the present invention below by way of specific embodiment, the present invention is with the staple food grain in Shijiazhuang City of Hebei Province Gaocheng area
Arable land is experimental plot, with every 2 mu of ground (wide 6m, long 200m) for a test group, and several repetitions is arranged, while choosing normal plough
As a control group, and several repetitions are arranged in 2 mu of arable lands of kind.
2 mu of test group arable lands are divided into wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone, wherein wide cut agrarian zone is 1.5 mu (wide
4.5m), narrow agrarian zone is 0.5 mu (wide 1.5m), and specific distribution is as shown in Figure 1.In jade in 7-9 October (time in Cold Dew)
After the completion of rice harvest, wheat is normally planted in the wide cut agrarian zone of control group arable land and test group, narrow agrarian zone is left a blank,
Second year is waited for continuously to plant three batches of corns in narrow agrarian zone.After the harvesting wheat of wide cut agrarian zone, plant suitable miscellaneous
Grain or autumn vegetables, coarse cereals can be soya bean, millet, buckwheat etc., and vegetables can be Chinese cabbage, radish, shallot etc., the receipts of coarse cereals and vegetables
The phase is obtained as the Autumnal Equinox to time in Cold Dew (depending on the type and kind of concrete foundation coarse cereals and vegetables).
The specific implantation methods of three batches of corns are as follows：
First batch of corn：
One, build greenhouse, choose mid-early maturity or in ripe corn variety, existed in 2 months 3-4 (times in the beginning of spring)
Maize seedling is cultivated in greenhouse, nursery stage is one month, and temperature is controlled during nursery and is not less than 15 DEG C, is fitted as needed
When water and fertilizer management, it is desirable that robust seedling, Bu Yaowang, to facilitate the later stage to transplant, ensure transplanting when height of seedling be not higher than 30cm.
Two, 5-6 March (time in the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)) by corn transplantation of seedlings to narrow agrarian zone, maize seedling is planted at three
Row, the line-spacing between two side rows and adjacent wide cut agrarian zone are 40cm, and the line-spacing between center row and side row is 35cm, corn
The spacing in the rows of seedling is 15cm, and in plantation, three row maize seedlings can arranged relative or staggered (maize seedling of center row and side row
Gap is laterally corresponding), the interior plantation seedling number of 0.5 mu of narrow agrarian zone is 3960.
Three, just plant into corn height of seedling about 30cm, at this time wheat be in period of seedling establishment, plant height about 5cm does not interfere with maize seedling
Growth.To the time in grain rains, corn enters the maturation period, plant height about 1.8m, and wheat enters boot stage, plant height about 40cm at this time.It arrives
Time in the Beginning of summer, corn reach harvest time, and plant height gets over 1.8m, and wheat enters blooming stage, plant height about 60cm at this time.May 15-
(it's 10 days pasts the Beginning of summer) on the 16th harvests first batch into cooked maize using small harvester, and first batch of corn growing season is about 100 days total.
Second batch of corn：
One, on April 14-16 (Clear and Bright the cross 10 days) nursery in greenhouse, corn variety and nursery are required with the
One batch of corn, at this time weather got warm again after a cold spell, only it is noted that night insulation, can guarantee substantially without heating device and cultivate temperature.
Two, on May 15-16 (it's 10 days pasts the Beginning of summer), after first batch of harvest corn on the day of, by second batch of corn
In transplantation of seedlings to narrow agrarian zone, transplanting is required with first batch of corn, and the interior plantation seedling number of 0.5 mu of narrow agrarian zone is 3960.
Three, just plant into corn height of seedling about 30cm, Plant Height in Wheat about 60cm, does not interfere with the life of maize seedling substantially at this time
It is long.To the time in Grain in Ear, wheat has gathered in (machine is adopted), and soya bean is sowed in wide cut agrarian zone, at this time corn plant height 60cm, control group
It ploughs normal seeding corn.To the time in Slight Heat, soya bean is in and spends early period, and plant height about 65cm, corn enters the maturation period, and plant height is about
1.8m.Second batch is harvested into cooked maize, second batch of corn life using small harvester 27-28 July (it's 5 days pasts Great Heat)
It is long-term about 100 days total.
Third stubble corn：
One, the same day after on July 27-28 (it's 5 days pasts Great Heat), second batch of harvest corn is sowed, and dense planting is broadcast
When kind, soya bean is in rear florescence, plant height about 65cm.
Two, to the time in the Limit of Heat, soya bean is in fresh kidney beans shaping period, plant height about 65cm, at this time corn plant height about 80cm, 0.5 mu
Number of emerging is about 8000 in narrow agrarian zone.After the Autumnal Equinox, soya bean harvest, corn is taking out a day fringe at this time, and plant height is about
1.8cm.Harvest silage corn is required according to ensilage 4-18 October (before and after time in Cold Dew), third stubble corn
Growth period is 70-85 days total.The present embodiment harvests band fringe 16-18 October (it's 9 days pasts Cold Dew) using small harvester
Silage corn.
Above-mentioned three batches of corns carry out conventional water and fertilizer management according to the needs of harvest type.It is excellent due to taking full advantage of side row
Gesture, up to 18cm, average every plant can produce niblet and reach 220g the ripe corncob average length of first batch and second batch corn, show
It writes and is higher than control group.Further, since the cultivated area of narrow agrarian zone accounts for a quarter in arable land, harvest corn is quick in time,
And first batch and when second batch of harvest corn, positive value forage grass lacks, thus convenient for before maize straw aging as forage grass
Purchase, further increases peasant income.The wheat per mu yield of wheat per mu yield and control group in wide cut agrarian zone is not aobvious
Difference is write, up to 1000 pounds/acre.The average product of test group and control group is listed in Table 1 below, and calculates and receives by market price
Benefit, it is specific as shown in table 1.
Table 1：
As shown in Table 1, use implantation methods staple food grain of the present invention (wheat and at cooked maize) total output significantly high for 4982 jin
In the staple food grain yield of conventional method, 2183.9 yuan of income increase, 101.6% is improved than traditional mode per acre.It is beautiful in third stubble
After rice harvest, position is drawn again to wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone, then the narrow agrarian zone for newly drawing position is stopped
Maintenance is ploughed, the phase of lying fallow is 3-4 months (being slightly different according to practical plantation harvest time), the normal plantation wheat in remaining arable land, soil
It can be conserved by related operation during lying fallow, land retirement can be made one time within every 4 years, make agricultural planting more science health
Development lays the foundation for subsequent yield raising.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of arable land point band tillage system reform, which is characterized in that arable land is divided into the friendship of wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone
Wrong arrangement model；The narrow agrarian zone is used for continuous cropping corn, and 3-4 row of corn planting behavior；The wide cut agrarian zone is quarterly
Other crops of the normal plantation of section in addition to corn；The width of the wide cut agrarian zone be narrow farming bandwidth three times and
Wide cut agrarian zone can accommodate combine harvester, and disposably harvesting passes through.
2. band tillage system reform in arable land point according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the corn continuous cropping mould in narrow agrarian zone
Formula is three batches of corns of annual plantation, wherein first batch of corn and second batch of corn are to shift to an earlier date nursery, nursery stage using greenhouse respectively
25-32 days, then seedling is transplanted to narrow agrarian zone in corresponding planting season, harvest is at cooked maize after corn planting maturation；
After first batch of corn is gathered in and is turned over, the corn seedling that transplanting is cultivated for second batch of plantation in narrow agrarian zone, when second batch
After corn is gathered in and turned over, third stubble corn is planted by the way of sowing in narrow agrarian zone, waits for that third stubble corn grows up to
It is gathered in after silage corn, is then lain fallow to narrow agrarian zone, planting season of waiting for the coming year repeats the plantation of above-mentioned three batches of corns
Journey.
3. a kind of implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
A, a point band farming is carried out into arable land：Arable land is divided into the staggered pattern of wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone；Institute
It states narrow agrarian zone and is used for continuous cropping corn, and 3-4 row of corn planting behavior；The wide cut agrarian zone is normally planted by season to be removed
Other crops other than corn；The width of the wide cut agrarian zone is the three times and wide cut agrarian zone energy of narrow farming bandwidth
Enough accommodating combine harvester, disposably harvesting passes through；
B, corn continuous cropping is carried out in narrow agrarian zone：Three batches of corns of plantation every year, wherein first batch of corn and second batch of corn
It is nursery, nursery stage 25-32 days to be shifted to an earlier date using greenhouse, then seedling is transplanted to narrow agrarian zone in corresponding planting season respectively,
Harvest is at cooked maize after corn planting maturation；After first batch of corn is gathered in and turned over, transplanting is second in narrow agrarian zone
Stubble plantation cultivate corn seedling, after second batch of corn gather in and turns over, in narrow agrarian zone using sow by the way of kind
Third stubble corn is planted, is gathered in after third stubble corn grows up to silage corn, is then lain fallow to narrow agrarian zone, kind of waiting for the coming year
The plant phase repeats the planting process of above-mentioned three batches of corns；
C, the crop rotation of wheat and coarse cereals or vegetables is carried out in wide cut agrarian zone：Wheat, small wheat harvesting are planted in wide cut agrarian zone
And after turning over, after wide cut agrarian zone plants coarse cereals or vegetables, coarse cereals or vegetable harvesting and turns over, on wide cut agrarian zone repeats
The planting process stated.
4. the implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further comprising the steps of：
D, width width agrarian zone is repartitioned：Wait for the third stubble corn of narrow agrarian zone and coarse cereals or the vegetable of wide cut agrarian zone
After dish successively harvests, adjoins on wide cut agrarian zone at the position of former narrow agrarian zone and mark off new narrow agrarian zone, wide cut
The remaining part of agrarian zone incorporates into new wide cut agrarian zone into together with former narrow agrarian zone, upper in whole picture arable land and so on,
The staggered pattern of new wide cut agrarian zone and narrow agrarian zone is formed, repartitioning for width width agrarian zone is completed.
5. the implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the specific plantation of three batches of corns
Process is：
A, first batch of corn：It proceeding by and nurses young plants in hothouses in 1-8 2 months, nursery stage is 1 month, 3-10 March,
In first batch of corn transplantation of seedlings to narrow agrarian zone, first batch will be harvested 13-20 May into cooked maize；
B, second batch of corn：It proceeded by and nurses young plants in hothouses 12-20 April, nursery stage is 1 month, May 13 days-20
Day, after first batch of harvest corn, by second batch of corn transplantation of seedlings to narrow agrarian zone, in July 25 days-August harvest within 1st
Second batch at cooked maize；
C, third stubble corn：In 25 days-August 1 day in July, sowed after second batch of harvest corn, 4-18 October
Harvest silage corn is required according to ensilage.
6. the implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described nurse young plants in hothouses is in temperature
Nursery is carried out in the greenhouse of room or in nursery center.
7. the implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the technology nursed young plants in hothouses
It is required that being that maize seedling will strengthen should not be prosperous, height of seedling of the maize seedling in transplanting is not higher than 30cm.
8. the implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income according to claim 3, which is characterized in that first batch of corn and second batch
For corn when planting seedling, the line-spacing between two side rows and adjacent wide cut agrarian zone is 40cm, the line-spacing between center row and side row
Spacing in the rows for 35cm, maize seedling is 15cm, and the seedling number in every half mu of narrow agrarian zone is 3900-4000.
9. the implantation methods of arable land increasing both production and income according to claim 3, which is characterized in that third stubble corn carries out close
It plants, the number of emerging of the third stubble corn in every half mu of narrow agrarian zone is controlled at 7900-8100.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111955256A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-20 | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 | Tea garden planting management method suitable for whole-course mechanized operation |
| CN112655491A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-04-16 | 紫云自治县猫营镇格东村联友养殖农民专业合作社 | Planting method of green-feeding corn suitable for being used as cattle feed |
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