CN108477216B - Sweet potato seedling strengthening composition, sweet potato seedling strengthening method and application - Google Patents

Sweet potato seedling strengthening composition, sweet potato seedling strengthening method and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108477216B
CN108477216B CN201810311582.3A CN201810311582A CN108477216B CN 108477216 B CN108477216 B CN 108477216B CN 201810311582 A CN201810311582 A CN 201810311582A CN 108477216 B CN108477216 B CN 108477216B
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seedling
sweet potato
solution
strong seedling
ppm
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CN108477216A (en
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马志民
胡亚亚
刘兰服
焦伟静
高志远
王亚楠
赵发辉
韩美坤
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Hebei Muze Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.
Institute of Grain and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
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Institute of Grain and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
    • A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing heterocyclic radicals

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sweet potato planting, and provides a seedling strengthening composition for cultivating sweet potato seedlings, which comprises a seedling strengthening solution 1 and a seedling strengthening solution 2, wherein the seedling strengthening solution 1 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 50-180 ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1000-1600 ppm of thiophanate-methyl; the strong seedling solution 2 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 2200-3600 ppm of monopotassium phosphate and 350-700 ppm of spirotetramat. The strong seedling solution 1 is applied after the seed potatoes are covered with soil and watered, and can promote the seed potatoes to sprout, inhibit viruses and kill bacteria and fungi; the strong seedling solution 2 is used for spraying after seedling breaking or before canopy covering after seedling picking, and has the effects of adjusting the growth state of sweet potato seedlings, inhibiting viruses and preventing and treating diseases and insect pests such as bemisia tabaci and the like. The sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the strong seedling composition are thicker than those cultivated by the conventional method, and the sweet potato yield of the obtained sweet potato seedlings is improved by more than 12 percent compared with that of the sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the conventional method.

Description

Sweet potato seedling strengthening composition, sweet potato seedling strengthening method and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sweet potato planting, in particular to a sweet potato seedling strengthening composition, a sweet potato seedling strengthening method and application of sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the sweet potato seedling strengthening composition or the sweet potato seedling strengthening method.
Background
Sweet potato (academic name: Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill): also called sweet potato, Convolvulaceae Dioscorea winding grass vine. The sweet potato not only has high yield, but also contains various nutrient substances required by human body, has fragrant and sweet taste, and is deeply loved by the masses of people.
The sweet potatoes have extremely strong sprouting performance, so that the cultivated sweet potato seedlings are collected and then continuously cultivated, the seed sweet potatoes can sprout new sweet potato seedlings again in a short time (7-10 days), and the seedling collection can be continuously carried out, so that more sweet potato seedlings can be simply and conveniently obtained for field planting.
However, sweet potatoes are asexual propagation crops, and the growth condition of sweet potato seedlings, the high yield of the collected sweet potato seedlings, the splitting rate of the produced sweet potatoes and other factors are also influenced by viruses in bodies of the sweet potatoes along with the gradual increase of the asexual propagation. The prior art provides a large amount of sweet potato virus-free technologies, such as obtaining virus-free sweet potato seedlings by using a tissue culture method and then planting the virus-free sweet potato seedlings in a field, but the problem of virus invasion to the sweet potato seedlings when a large amount of sweet potato seedlings are cultivated by sweet potato seed potatoes is not solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the influence of sweet potato viruses on the state of sweet potato seedlings during the cultivation of the sweet potato seedlings, the invention provides the sweet potato seedling strengthening composition, and the virus conduction in plants can be effectively reduced by applying the seedling strengthening composition.
The invention also aims to provide a strong sweet potato seedling method, which can be used for cultivating strong sweet potato seedlings so as to improve the yield of sweet potatoes produced by the sweet potato seedlings.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a sweet potato seedling strengthening composition, which comprises a seedling strengthening solution 1 and a seedling strengthening solution 2,
the strong seedling solution 1 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 50-180 ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1000-1600 ppm of thiophanate-methyl;
the strong seedling solution 2 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 2200-3600 ppm of monopotassium phosphate and 350-700 ppm of spirotetramat.
The invention also provides a strong seedling method of sweet potato seedlings, which comprises the steps of potato seed sowing, film covering, seedbed management, seedling picking and management after seedling picking,
the seed potato is sowed in a horizontal swinging mode, the seed potato is covered with soil, after watering, strong seedling solution 1 in the sweet potato strong seedling composition of claim 1 is sprayed, and then soil is covered;
in the seedbed management, spraying a strong seedling solution 2 in the sweet potato strong seedling composition of claim 1 after the seedlings break the soil;
and in the management after seedling collection, spraying a strong seedling solution 2 in the sweet potato strong seedling composition in the claim 1 before covering a shed after seedling collection each time.
Preferably, when the potatoes are sowed in the horizontal swinging mode, the distance between every two adjacent potatoes is 0.8-2 cm.
Preferably, the strong seedling solution 1 is 0.5-3 kg/m2And (5) spraying.
Preferably, the mulching film is sequentially covered with a mulching film with the thickness of 0.005-0.009 cm and a mulching film with the thickness of 0.01-0.02 cm.
Preferably, during seedbed management, the strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed once again 5-10 days after the strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed for the first time.
Preferably, the strong seedling solution 2 is 0.2-1.0 kg/m2And (5) spraying.
The invention provides application of the sweet potato strong seedling composition in the technical scheme in reducing the splitting rate of sweet potatoes.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a seedling strengthening composition for cultivating sweet potato seedlings, which comprises a seedling strengthening solution 1 and a seedling strengthening solution 2, wherein the seedling strengthening solution 1 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 50-180 ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1000-1600 ppm of thiophanate-methyl; the strong seedling solution 2 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 2200-3600 ppm of monopotassium phosphate and 350-700 ppm of spirotetramat. In the strong seedling composition, the strong seedling solution 1 is applied after the seed potatoes are covered with soil and watered, and can promote the seed potatoes to sprout as soon as possible, inhibit virus diseases and kill bacteria and fungi, so that the germination time of the seed potatoes is shortened by 3-5 days, viruses, bacteria, fungi and the like in the seed potatoes are purified, and the influence of the viruses and the like on the sweet potato seedlings is reduced fundamentally; the strong seedling solution 2 is used for spraying after the seedling is broken and before the seedling is picked and covered on a shed, has the effects of adjusting the growth state of the sweet potato seedling, inhibiting viruses and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests such as bemisia tabaci, and can effectively inhibit the transmission of the viruses in the plant body by selecting spraying in the quick growth period (after the seedling is broken and the seedling is picked), so that the virus content in the sweet potato seedling is reduced, and the phenomenon that the potato seedling state and the high yield are reduced due to the factors such as virus accumulation is relieved. The sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the strong seedling composition are thicker than those cultivated by the conventional method, and the yield of the sweet potatoes cultivated by the obtained sweet potato seedlings can be improved by more than 12 percent compared with that of the conventional sweet potato seedlings.
The invention also provides a strong seedling method of sweet potato seedlings, wherein a row arrangement mode is selected during seed arrangement, the strong seedling solution 1 of the strong seedling composition is applied after the soil is sealed and watering is carried out on the sweet potato seeds, and the strong seedling solution 2 of the strong seedling composition is sprayed after the soil is broken and before a shed is covered after the seedlings are picked. The invention adopts the swing arrangement mode to seed the potatoes during the potato arrangement, the density of the potato arrangement is lower compared with the conventional fish scale arrangement (oblique arrangement), the growth space and the obtained nutrition of the potato seedlings are more sufficient through the dilute potato arrangement, and the sweet potato seedling state is further promoted to be sturdy by combining the function of improving the sweet potato seedling state by the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the strong seedling solution 2. The yield of the sweet potato seedlings obtained by adopting the strong seedling method is improved by more than 10 percent compared with the yield of the sweet potato seedlings cultured by the conventional method.
The sweet potato seedlings obtained by the strong seedling method can further reduce the potato cracking rate of the produced sweet potatoes from about 46 percent of the potato cracking rate of the conventional method to below 34 percent.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a strong seedling composition for cultivating sweet potato seedlings, which comprises a strong seedling solution 1 and a strong seedling solution 2,
the strong seedling solution 1 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 50-180 ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1000-1600 ppm of thiophanate-methyl;
the strong seedling solution 2 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 2200-3600 ppm of monopotassium phosphate and 350-700 ppm of spirotetramat.
In the invention, the solvent of the strong seedling solution 1 is water, and preferably comprises 8-15 ppm of furan nucleotide, 80-120 ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1100-1300 ppm of thiophanate-methyl; more preferably, the composition comprises 10ppm of furan nucleotide, 100ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1250ppm of thiophanate methyl. The strong seedling solution 1 has the effects of promoting seed potato germination, inhibiting viruses and killing bacteria and fungi, wherein the furan nucleotide is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, can control the occurrence of virus diseases and plays a role in purifying the viruses in the seed potatoes; the rooting powder No. 5 mainly plays a role in promoting the seed potatoes to germinate rapidly, so that the seed potatoes can germinate in advance, usually, the seed potatoes root first and then germinate, and the early rooting of the seed potatoes is promoted by the rooting powder, so that the germination is accelerated; thiophanate-methyl is a broad-spectrum bactericide and can effectively kill bacteria and fungi and prevent and treat seedbed diseases. The invention can eliminate the adverse effect of partial diseases on sweet potato seedlings from the root by purifying the virus in the seed potatoes and preventing and controlling seedbed diseases, and promotes the seed potatoes to germinate quickly so as to enable the sweet potato seedlings to grow as soon as possible in the effective protection of the strong seedling solution 1. When the sweet potato seedlings germinate and break the soil, the strong seedling solution 2 is used for protecting the sweet potato seedlings, so that the time and the possibility of the influence of the invasion of viruses and diseases on the growth of the sweet potato seedlings are reduced.
In the invention, the strong seedling solution 2 takes water as a solvent, and preferably comprises 8-15 ppm of furan nucleotide, 3800-3200 ppm of monopotassium phosphate and 450-600 ppm of spirotetramat; more preferably, the composition comprises 10ppm of furan nucleotide, 3000ppm of monopotassium phosphate and 500ppm of spirotetramat. The strong seedling culture solution 2 has the effects of adjusting the growth state of the sweet potato seedlings, inhibiting viruses and preventing and treating insect pests such as bemisia tabaci and the like, wherein the furan nucleotides are broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, can control the occurrence of viral diseases, and plays a role in inhibiting the activity of the viruses in the sweet potato seedlings and the conduction of the viruses in plants, so that the virus amount in the sweet potato seedlings is reduced, and the negative influence of the viruses on the growth state of the sweet potato seedlings is relieved; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate has the function of promoting the synthesis of chlorophyll of leaves and promoting the growth of stems and leaves, thereby effectively regulating the growth state of the sweet potato seedlings; the spirotetramat is a contact insecticide, has a contact effect on bemisia tabaci, aphids and the like in the greenhouse, avoids virus transmission by insect vectors, and prevents further virus transmission. The plant virus in the sweet potato seedling can influence the high yield of the plant body, and the virus in the rapid growth stage of the seedling can be conducted along with the main stem vascular bundle, so that the virus is greatly accumulated in the plant body to influence the high yield and the growth condition of the plant. The strong seedling solution 2 is applied in the period of the rapid growth of the sweet potato seedlings, can effectively inhibit the conduction of viruses in the sweet potato seedlings, reduce the virus accumulation of the viruses in the sweet potato seedlings, and relieve the reduction of the sweet potato seedling state and the high yield performance caused by the viruses.
The strong seedling composition for cultivating sweet potato seedlings can effectively solve the problems of low yield and poor seedling state of the sweet potato seedlings caused by virus influence.
The source of the furan nucleotide, the rooting powder No. 5, the thiophanate-methyl, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the spirotetramat in the strong seedling composition is not specially limited, and the strong seedling solution 1 or 2 is prepared by the method with the limited concentration. In the sound seedling composition, the ppm is defined to represent the mass (mg/kg) of solute contained in each kilogram.
The solvent of the strong seedling solution is preferably water, and the concentration of the strong seedling solution 1 can be obtained by dissolving the furan nucleotide, the rooting powder No. 5 and the thiophanate-methyl with water as the solvent; the water is used as a solvent to dissolve the furan nucleotide, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the spirotetramat to prepare the strong seedling solution 2 with the concentration.
The invention provides a strong seedling method of sweet potato seedlings, which sequentially comprises the steps of potato seed sowing, film covering, seedbed management, seedling picking and management after seedling picking, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the seed potato is sowed in a horizontal swinging mode, the seed potato is covered with soil, watered and sprayed with a strong seedling solution 1 in the strong seedling composition according to the technical scheme, and then loam is covered;
in the seedbed management, a strong seedling solution 2 in the strong seedling composition is sprayed at noon in a sunny day after the seedlings break the ground;
and during the management after seedling picking, spraying the strong seedling solution 2 after seedling picking and before covering the shed each time.
In the method for strengthening the sweet potato seedlings, the conventional cultivation means is adopted for the undefined sweet potato seedling cultivation steps, and the method is not specially limited.
The method for strengthening the sweet potato seedlings is carried out on the basis of a greenhouse sweet potato seedling cultivation method, and the conventional greenhouse sweet potato seedling cultivation method comprises the steps of fish scale type potato discharging, film covering, seedbed management (film removing for about 15d of seedling cultivation), seedling picking and management after seedling picking, wherein the seedling picking and the management after seedling picking can be circulated for many times after the first seedling picking.
When the invention is used for cultivating sweet potato seedlings, the potato is arranged in a horizontal swinging mode, and the potato blocks are adjacent to each other but not pressed. Preferably, the interval between adjacent potato blocks in the horizontal swing type seed sowing is 0.8-2 cm, and more preferably 1-1.5 cm. The invention seeds the sweet potatoes in a horizontal swing mode, provides space for growth and growth of sweet potato seedlings and reduces nutrition competition pressure compared with the conventional scale type potato seed sowing, and can promote the growth state of the sweet potato seedlings by combining the strong seedling solution 1 sprayed in the subsequent steps to obtain the strong sweet potato seedlings.
After the seed potatoes are sowed, covering with sealed soil, watering, after water is infiltrated, spraying strong seedling solution 1 of the strong seedling composition on the surface, and covering with loam. In the invention, the height of the sealing soil is preferably at least 0.5cm higher than the top of the seed potatoes, and more preferably 0.5-0.6 cm.
In the invention, the watering is one-time permeable watering, and the strong seedling solution 1 of the strong seedling composition is sprayed after the water is completely permeated.
In the invention, the strong seedling solution 1 is preferably 0.5-3 kg/m2Spraying, more preferably 0.8-1.2 kg/m2Most preferably 1kg/m2. The function of the strong seedling solution 1 in the method is to promote the seed potato germination, inhibit viruses and kill bacteria and fungi, and the details are not repeated. The invention has special limitation on loam coverage, and the conventional loam coverage is adopted.
In the invention, after loam is covered, a film is covered, and the film is preferably covered by two layers of mulching films with different thicknesses for warming. Furthermore, the thickness of the two layers of mulching films sequentially ranges from bottom to top from 0.005 cm to 0.009cm thick mulching film to 0.01cm to 0.02cm thick mulching film. According to the method, the temperature is increased by covering two layers of mulching films, and the germination of the seed potatoes is promoted by the strong seedling solution 1, so that the time required by the seed potatoes for germination is further shortened, and compared with a conventional method, the time for 3-5 days can be shortened.
In the invention, during seedbed management, strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed in the middle of the sunny day after the sweet potato seedlings break the soil, and other seedbed management is carried out according to the conventional means in the field. According to the invention, the strong seedling solution 2 is preferably sprayed once again 5-10 days after the strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed for the first time, so that the action effect of the strong seedling solution 2 is enhanced.
The strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed at noon in a sunny day, because the greenhouse film needs to be uncovered when the strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed in a greenhouse for cultivating sweet potato seedlings, the growth and development of the sweet potato seedlings cannot be influenced when the strong seedling solution is sprayed at noon in a sunny day.
In the invention, the strong seedling solution 2 is preferably 0.2-1.0 kg/m2Spraying, more preferably 0.3-0.6 kg/m2Most preferably 0.5kg/m2. After the sweet potato seedlings are broken, the sweet potato seedlings belong to a rapid growth period, and the spraying of the strong seedling solution 2 can effectively inhibit the amount of viruses transmitted from vascular bundles, prevent the spread of entomoviruses, improve the growth state of the sweet potato seedlings and adjust the state of the sweet potato seedlings which grow badly due to the influence of the viruses. The function of the strong seedling solution 2 in the method of the invention is not described in detail herein.
In the invention, the strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed once after each seedling collection in the seedling collection management. In the invention, the seedling strengthening solution 2 is preferably sprayed before the shed is covered after seedling collection. The seed potatoes can germinate new sweet potato seedlings after seedling picking, so that the method also belongs to the stage of quick growth of the sweet potato seedlings, and the spraying of the strong seedling solution 2 can effectively inhibit viruses from being introduced into plants from vascular bundles, reduce the amount of viruses accumulated in the sweet potato seedlings and further relieve the influence of the viruses on the high yield performance and the growth state of the sweet potato seedlings; and the influence of the sweet potato seedlings caused by viruses can be effectively recovered through the function (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) of promoting the growth of the stems and leaves of the sweet potato seedlings by the strong seedling solution 2, and the growth can be even further enhanced.
In the invention, the amount of the strong seedling solution sprayed after seedling picking is preferably 0.2-1.0 kg/m2Spraying, more preferably 0.3-0.6 kg/m2Most preferably 0.5kg/m2。
The sweet potato seedling strengthening method provided by the invention has the advantages of strong operability, simplicity, convenience and low requirement on professional skills, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The invention can effectively inhibit the accumulation of virus in the sweet potato seedlings by carrying out targeted drug intervention at different periods of sweet potato seedling cultivation, and then enhances the regulation of the growth state of the sweet potato seedlings, so that the cultivated sweet potato seedlings grow vigorously, and the yield performance and the like are remarkably improved compared with the conventional cultivation method.
The strong seedling composition and the strong seedling method can be used for cultivating stronger sweet potato seedlings compared with the conventional method, the obtained sweet potato seedlings grow vigorously and have good quality, the production performance and the like of the sweet potato seedlings are slightly damaged by viruses, so that the yield of the sweet potatoes can be improved by more than 10% compared with the conventional method, and the cracking rate of the finally produced sweet potatoes is reduced to be less than 34%.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Preparing a seedling strengthening composition: the strong seedling composition consists of a strong seedling solution 1 and a strong seedling solution 2.
Adding water into commercially available furnucleotide, rooting powder No. 5 and thiophanate-methyl to prepare solutions with final concentrations of 10ppm of furnucleotide, 100ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1250ppm of thiophanate-methyl to obtain strong seedling solution 1.
Adding water into commercially available furan nucleotide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spirotetramat to prepare a solution with final concentration of 10ppm of furan nucleotide, 3000ppm of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500ppm of spirotetramat, thus obtaining a strong seedling solution 2.
2. Cultivation of sweet potato seedlings
Selecting Ji potato 98 as seed potato, erecting a greenhouse, digging a seedbed, and seeding the seed potato on the seedbed in a horizontal swinging mode, wherein the distance between two adjacent seed potatoes is 1 cm. After the seed potatoes are arranged, covering sealing soil to make the sealing soil be 0.5cm higher than the tops of the seed potatoes, watering thoroughly, after the water is infiltrated, uniformly spraying seedling strengthening solution 1 on the surface of the sealing soil, and according to the proportion of 1kg/m2The fertilizer is sprayed, and the sandy loam with the thickness of 3cm is covered after the fertilizer is sprayed.
Covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.008cm on the surface of sandy loam, then covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.01cm, and using two layers of mulching films for heating. And (3) seedling cultivation management is started after mulching the mulching film, openings at two ends of the seedbed are ventilated at 10 th-13 th day after seedling cultivation, two layers of mulching films are removed at 15 th day after seedling cultivation, watering is carried out in the morning on fine days if soil on the surface of the seedbed is dry after film cultivation, and the surface of the land is kept moist by watering amount. At noon of the first sunny day after most of the seedlings break the ground, uncovering the shed film according to the weight of 0.5kg/m2And (3) spraying the strong seedling solution 2, and spraying the strong seedling solution 2 once after 7d intervals, wherein the spraying amount is the same as that of the previous time.
Performing conventional seedling hardening, collecting seedling when sweet potato seedling grows to six leaves and one heart, performing management after seedling collection such as topdressing, and performing management according to 0.5kg/m before film covering2Spraying strong seedling solution 2.
3. Results
The density per mu is 3300 plants, the growth period is 150 days, and the yield of fresh potatoes reaches 3500 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1
Selecting Ji potato 98 as seed potato, erecting greenhouse, digging seedbed, and seeding the seed potato on the seedbed by fish scale method. After the seed potatoes are arranged, covering with sealing soil which is 0.5cm higher than the tops of the seed potatoes, watering thoroughly, and covering with sandy loam with the thickness of 3cm after water permeates.
Covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.008cm on the surface of sandy loam, then covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.01cm, and using two layers of mulching films for heating. And (3) seedling cultivation management is started after mulching the mulching film, openings at two ends of the seedbed are ventilated at 10 th-13 th day after seedling cultivation, two layers of mulching films are removed at 15 th day after seedling cultivation, watering is carried out in the morning on fine days if soil on the surface of the seedbed is dry after film cultivation, and the surface of the land is kept moist by watering amount.
And (4) carrying out conventional seedling hardening, picking the seedlings when the sweet potato seedlings grow to six leaves and one heart, carrying out management after seedling picking such as topdressing and the like after seedling picking, and repeating the operations of seedling picking and seedling picking management.
3. Results
The density per mu is 3300 plants, the growth period is 150 days, and the yield of fresh potatoes is 3100 kg/mu.
Example 2
1. Preparing a seedling strengthening composition: the strong seedling composition consists of a strong seedling solution 1 and a strong seedling solution 2.
Adding water into commercially available furnucleotide, rooting powder No. 5 and thiophanate-methyl to prepare a solution with the final concentration of 3ppm of furnucleotide, 90ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1100ppm of thiophanate-methyl, thus obtaining a strong seedling solution 1.
Adding water into commercially available furan nucleotide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spirotetramat to prepare a solution with final concentration of furan nucleotide 4ppm, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2850ppm and spirotetramat 470ppm to obtain strong seedling solution 2.
2. Cultivation of sweet potato seedlings
Selecting Ji potato No. 4 as a seed potato, erecting a greenhouse, digging a seedbed, and seeding the seed potato on the seedbed in a horizontal swinging mode, wherein the distance between two adjacent seed potatoes is 1.5 cm. After the seed potatoes are arranged, covering sealing soil to make the sealing soil be 0.6cm higher than the tops of the seed potatoes, watering thoroughly, after the water is infiltrated, uniformly spraying seedling strengthening solution 1 on the surface of the sealing soil, and according to the proportion of 0.9kg/m2The fertilizer is sprayed, and the sandy loam with the thickness of 4cm is covered after the fertilizer is sprayed.
Covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.007cm on the surface of sandy loam, then covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.012cm, and using two layers of mulching films for heating. And (3) seedling cultivation management is started after mulching the mulching film, openings at two ends of the seedbed are ventilated at 10 th-13 th day after seedling cultivation, two layers of mulching films are removed at 15 th day after seedling cultivation, watering is carried out in the morning on fine days if soil on the surface of the seedbed is dry after film cultivation, and the surface of the land is kept moist by watering amount.
At noon of the first sunny day after most of the seedlings break the ground, uncovering the shed film according to the weight of 0.7kg/m2And (3) spraying the strong seedling solution 2, and spraying the strong seedling solution 2 once after 6 days, wherein the spraying amount is the same as that of the previous time.
Performing conventional seedling hardening, collecting seedling when sweet potato seedling grows to six leaves and one heart, performing management after seedling collection such as topdressing, and performing management according to 0.7kg/m before film covering2Spraying strong seedling solution 2.
3. Results
Planting the plants according to the density of 3300 plants per mu, the growth period is 150 days, and the yield of the fresh potatoes is 2800 kg/mu.
Comparative example 2
Selecting Ji potato No. 4 as seed potato, erecting a greenhouse, digging a seedbed, and seeding the seed potato on the seedbed in a fish scale mode. After the seed potatoes are arranged, covering with sealing soil which is 0.6cm higher than the tops of the seed potatoes, watering thoroughly, and covering with sandy loam with the thickness of 4cm after water permeates.
Covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.007cm on the surface of sandy loam, then covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.012cm, and using two layers of mulching films for heating. And (3) seedling cultivation management is started after mulching the mulching film, openings at two ends of the seedbed are ventilated at 10 th-13 th day after seedling cultivation, two layers of mulching films are removed at 15 th day after seedling cultivation, watering is carried out in the morning on fine days if soil on the surface of the seedbed is dry after film cultivation, and the surface of the land is kept moist by watering amount.
And (4) carrying out conventional seedling hardening, picking the seedlings when the sweet potato seedlings grow to six leaves and one heart, carrying out management after seedling picking such as topdressing and the like after seedling picking, and repeating the operations of seedling picking and seedling picking management.
3. Results
The density per mu is 3300 plants, the growth period is 150 days, and the yield of fresh potato is 2300 kg/mu.
Example 3
1. Preparing a seedling strengthening composition: the strong seedling composition consists of a strong seedling solution 1 and a strong seedling solution 2.
Adding water into commercially available furnucleotide, rooting powder No. 5 and thiophanate-methyl to prepare solutions with final concentrations of 14ppm of furnucleotide, 180ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1300ppm of thiophanate-methyl to obtain strong seedling solution 1.
Adding water into commercially available furan nucleotide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and spirotetramat to prepare a solution with final concentration of 15ppm of furan nucleotide, 3600ppm of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 550ppm of spirotetramat, thus obtaining a strong seedling solution 2.
2. Cultivation of sweet potato seedlings
Selecting Ji potato 99 as seed potato, erecting a greenhouse, digging a seedbed, and seeding the seed potato on the seedbed in a horizontal swinging mode, wherein the distance between two adjacent seed potatoes is 2 cm. After the seed potatoes are arranged, covering sealing soil to make the sealing soil be 0.5cm higher than the tops of the seed potatoes, watering thoroughly, after the water is infiltrated, uniformly spraying seedling strengthening solution 1 on the surface of the sealing soil, and according to the proportion of 1kg/m2The fertilizer is sprayed, and the sandy loam with the thickness of 3cm is covered after the fertilizer is sprayed.
Covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.009cm on the surface of sandy loam, then covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.02cm, and using two layers of mulching films for heating. And (3) seedling cultivation management is started after mulching the mulching film, openings at two ends of the seedbed are ventilated at 10 th-13 th day after seedling cultivation, two layers of mulching films are removed at 15 th day after seedling cultivation, watering is carried out in the morning on fine days if soil on the surface of the seedbed is dry after film cultivation, and the surface of the land is kept moist by watering amount. At noon of the first sunny day after most of the seedlings break the ground, uncovering the shed film according to the weight of 0.4kg/m2Spraying strong seedling solution 2.
Performing conventional seedling hardening, collecting seedling when sweet potato seedling grows to six leaves and one heart, performing management after seedling collection such as topdressing, and performing management according to 0.4kg/m before film covering2Spraying strong seedling solution 2.
3. Results
Planting the plants according to the density of 3300 plants per mu, the growth period is 150 days, and the yield of the fresh potatoes is 3700 kg/mu.
Comparative example 3
Selecting Ji potato 99 as seed potato, erecting greenhouse, digging seedbed, and seeding the seed potato on the seedbed by fish scale method. After the seed potatoes are arranged, covering with sealing soil which is 0.5cm higher than the tops of the seed potatoes, watering thoroughly, and covering with sandy loam with the thickness of 3cm after water permeates.
Covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.009cm on the surface of sandy loam, then covering a layer of mulching film with the thickness of 0.02cm, and using two layers of mulching films for heating. And (3) seedling cultivation management is started after mulching the mulching film, openings at two ends of the seedbed are ventilated at 10 th-13 th day after seedling cultivation, two layers of mulching films are removed at 15 th day after seedling cultivation, watering is carried out in the morning on fine days if soil on the surface of the seedbed is dry after film cultivation, and the surface of the land is kept moist by watering amount.
And (4) carrying out conventional seedling hardening, picking the seedlings when the sweet potato seedlings grow to six leaves and one heart, carrying out management after seedling picking such as topdressing and the like after seedling picking, and repeating the operations of seedling picking and seedling picking management.
3. Results
The density per mu is 3300 plants, the growth period is 150 days, and the yield of fresh potato is 3210 kg/mu.
In comparative examples 1 to 3, compared with examples 1 to 3, the seed metering method was a fish scale type discharge and no strong seedling composition was sprayed. Compared with comparative examples 1-3, the sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the methods of examples 1-3 have the yield per mu increased by 12.9%, 21.7% and 15.3%, respectively, which shows that the seedling strengthening composition and the seedling strengthening method provided by the invention can significantly increase the yield of the sweet potato seedlings and improve the problem of poor growth state of the sweet potato seedlings.
Example 4
The sweet potato seedlings obtained by the cultivation in the example 1 and the comparative example 1 are respectively selected for yield test:
two adjacent test fields with the same area are selected, sweet potato seedlings cultivated in the embodiment 1 and the sweet potato seedlings cultivated in the comparative example 1 are planted respectively, 3300 sweet potato seedlings are planted in each mu of the field, conventional management fertilization is carried out, the yield is measured respectively after the sweet potatoes are ripe, and the cracked potato rate is counted.
The result shows that the yield per mu of the sweet potato seedlings cultivated in the example 1 is 3260kg, and the cracked potato rate is 34%; the yield per mu of sweet potato seedlings cultivated in the embodiment 1 is 2896kg, and the cracked potato rate is 46%.
Therefore, the sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the strong seedling method can obviously improve the yield of the sweet potatoes, and the yield per mu is obviously improved compared with that of the sweet potato seedlings cultivated commonly. It can also be seen that the sweet potato splitting rate of the sweet potato seedlings cultivated in example 1 is significantly reduced compared to that of comparative example 1.
The sweet potato seedlings cultivated by the method in the embodiment 1 can obviously improve the yield and reduce the potato cracking rate, on one hand, the strong seedling composition effectively inhibits the accumulation of the virus amount in the sweet potato seedlings, including the purification of the seed potatoes and a seedbed by the strong seedling solution 1 sprayed during the planting of the seed potatoes and the inhibition of the conduction of the virus along with the main stem vascular bundles by the strong seedling solution 2 sprayed during the rapid growth period of the sweet potato seedlings; on the other hand, the embodiment 1 adopts the horizontal swing mode to arrange the sweet potatoes, so that the number of the sweet potato seedlings in a unit area is reduced, space is provided for the strong sweet potato seedlings, the competitive pressure is reduced, and the strong seedling solution 2 can effectively promote the sweet potato seedlings to grow robustly and further improve the inhibited growth state of the sweet potato seedlings, so that the cultivated sweet potato seedlings are more robustly.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A strong seedling method of sweet potato seedlings comprises the steps of potato seed sowing, film covering, seedbed management, seedling picking and management after seedling picking, and is characterized in that:
the seed potato seeding is realized in a horizontal swinging mode, the seed potato seeding is covered with soil, after watering, strong seedling solution 1 is sprayed, and then loam is covered; the strong seedling solution 1 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 50-180 ppm of rooting powder No. 5 and 1000-1600 ppm of thiophanate-methyl; the strong seedling solution 1 is 0.5-3 kg/m2Spraying;
in the seedbed management, strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed after the seedlings break the soil; the strong seedling solution 2 comprises 2-20 ppm of furan nucleotide, 2200-3600 ppm of monopotassium phosphate and 350-700 ppm of spirotetramat;
during the management after seedling picking, strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed before covering a shed after seedling picking every time;
the spraying amount of the strong seedling solution 2 is 0.2-1.0 kg/m independently2；
The mulching film is sequentially covered with a mulching film with the thickness of 0.005-0.009 cm and a mulching film with the thickness of 0.01-0.02 cm.
2. A strong seedling method of sweet potato seedlings according to claim 1, wherein when the potatoes are sowed in the horizontal swing mode, the distance between adjacent seed potatoes is 0.8-2 cm.
3. A strong seedling method of sweet potato seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that in the seedbed management, the second strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed 5-10 days after the first strong seedling solution 2 is sprayed.
4. The use of the method for strengthening sweet potato seedlings according to claim 1 for reducing the rate of splitting sweet potatoes.
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CN103283457B (en) * 2013-05-31 2015-05-27 云南农业大学 Drought-resisting batata seedling culture method
CN104255220A (en) * 2014-08-21 2015-01-07 长沙县尊农农业科技有限公司 Purple sweet potato cultivation method
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