CN108476892A - A kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN108476892A CN108476892A CN201810368532.9A CN201810368532A CN108476892A CN 108476892 A CN108476892 A CN 108476892A CN 201810368532 A CN201810368532 A CN 201810368532A CN 108476892 A CN108476892 A CN 108476892A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to corn planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, including selection of land, site preparation, fertilising, weeding, select maize seed to be sowed, sow, field management, corn harvesting；Wherein, organic fertilizer when fertilising, the organic fertilizer are made of the raw material of following parts by weight：2000 parts of animal wastes, 1,000 3000 parts of crop material；Artificial dibbling when sowing, wide-and narrow-row are alternately sowed；Mulch cover-seeding soil and drip irrigation pipe belt are after planting used, trickle irrigation emergence water after 2d is sowed.The implantation methods of the present invention are by the way that drip irrigation pipe belt and seed to be covered under mulch, it is dry broadcast it is wet go out, water conservation heat preservation, 3 5%/mu of using water wisely, organic fertilizer is made using animal wastes and crop material, increases soil fertility, reduces the use of inorganic fertilizer, corn yield is improved, per mu yield improves 30.29 32.4%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to corn planting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out plantation side
Method.
Background technology
With being gradually increased in the market to sweet-waxy maizes demand, often it is only one phase corn of sowing and can not meet market at all
Demand, and it is quick-frozen, vacuum packaging sweet-waxy maizes fringe be also required to pull open process time, therefore sweet-waxy maizes interval sowing right and wrong
Often it is necessary to, interval sowing balanced can list, meet the market demand, extend fresh fruit spike picking time, for the fresh of sweet-waxy maizes
Fringe listing, quick-frozen, vacuum freshness retaining processing provide enough raw materials.Increase occupation rate of market, increases economic efficiency.
However the plantation of China's spring maize is mainly distributed on northeast, northwest and the north area of North China, southwestern Hills are also
Be distributed, wherein northwest and North China due to loess plateau, domestic hills are undulating, ravines and guillies criss-cross topography and geomorphology form it is dry
The natural environment of non-irrigated semiarid climate water shortage, drought and water shortage annoying the development of northwest agricultural always.Such as China Shanxi the whole province
60,000,000 mu of total area under cultivation, wherein water is irrigated the fields 18,000,000 mu, and nonirrigated farmland forty-two million mu accounts for 28.2% He of cultivated area respectively
71.8%.Dry Farmland spreads the whole province, and drought and water shortage annoyings the development of Shanxi Agricultural always, and the rich apology of agricultural production is very big
It is decided by the number that rainfall utilizes in degree.Shanxi the whole province for many years be averaged 123.8 hundred million m of gross amount of water resources3, belong to resource-type water shortage and save
Part, water resource and population, arable land combines extremely imbalance, per capita, per mu occupy water resources quantity only 381m respectively3And 180m3；Often
Year is because the problem of arid cannot be sowed in real time, is than more prominent.Since above-mentioned Spring maize seeding area spring arid is short of rain, water scarcity,
The low limitation of soil moisture content so that interval sowing corn yield is low.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, solve beautiful due to sowing in spring
Meter area spring arid is short of rain, water scarcity, the low limitation of soil moisture content so that the low problem of interval sowing corn yield.
A kind of corn based on mulch provided by the invention is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, include the following steps：
S1 sows the last stage：Selection of land, fertilising, weeding, selects maize seed to be sowed at site preparation；
Wherein, organic fertilizer when fertilising；The organic fertilizer is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：2000 parts of animal wastes,
1000-3000 parts of crop material；
S2, sowing
The sowing time interval 15-20d of the maize seed of different cultivars；Wait for seeding corn and other period seeding corn kinds
Isolation distance >=200m；Daily mean temperature >=7 DEG C when sowing；Seeding method is as follows：Spread drip irrigation pipe belt, artificial dibbling, width
Row is alternately sowed；Mulch cover-seeding soil and drip irrigation pipe belt are after planting used, trickle irrigation emergence water after 2d is sowed；
S3, field management
After emerging, the mulch above corn seedling is marked into cross mouth, divulge information 2-4d, then draws cross mouth
It opens, seedling is fully exposed to outside mulch, seedling is put in completion；
S4, corn harvesting：It is harvested when field management to corn maturation.
Preferably, the above-mentioned corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, the organic fertilizer is made according to the following steps：
(1) raw material is weighed by following weight ratio：2000 parts of animal wastes, 1000-3000 parts of crop material；
(2) crop material weighed is ground into 0.1-1cm clasts, with the 0.05mol/L sulphur for being equivalent to 1/3 mass of clast
Acid solution mixing is covered with the iron sheet of 0.5-1mm thickness, and 12-24h is placed in sealing, is then added the animal wastes weighed, mixing,
Continue to be covered with the iron sheet of 0.5-1mm thickness, 5-8d is placed in sealing, is adjusted pH to 6.5-7.2 with potassium hydroxide, is obtained organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the above-mentioned corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, with potassium hydroxide adjust pH when be configured to
The solution of 20g/100ml.
Preferably, the above-mentioned corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, amount of application >=2000kg/ of the organic fertilizer
Mu.
Preferably, the above-mentioned corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, further include using inorganization when applying fertilizer in S1
Fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer are made of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and zinc sulfate.
Preferably, the above-mentioned corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, the amount of application of the inorganic fertilizer is as follows：It applies
12-15kg/ mus of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-8kg/ mus of phosphorus pentoxide, 11.5kg/ mus of zinc sulfate.
Preferably, the above-mentioned corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, in S2, when artificial dibbling, plants per cave 1-2
Son.
Preferably, the above-mentioned corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, in S2, when wide-and narrow-row is alternately sowed, maintain
Wide row is away from 80cm, and narrow row is away from 40m.
Compared with prior art, the corn provided by the invention based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, having following has
Beneficial effect：
(1) implantation methods of the invention are by the way that drip irrigation pipe belt and seed to be covered under mulch, it is dry broadcast it is wet go out, water conservation is protected
Different cultivars corn intermission seeding can be extended listing and the store and processing production cycle of corn by temperature, using water wisely 3-5%/mu
To 70d, avoid maize market supply unbalanced.Organic fertilizer is made using animal wastes and crop material (maize straw), is improved
Soil fertility reduces the use of inorganic fertilizer, improves corn yield, and per mu yield improves 30.29-32.4%.
(2) recycling for crop material reduces stalk resource waste, especially using maize straw as organic fertilizer original
The waste zero-emission of corn planting can be achieved in material, turns waste into wealth.We during making organic fertilizer using sulfuric acid as auxiliary agent,
After sealing, accelerate decomposed fermentation, the natural decomposition reactor system time of conventional stalk at least needs 20-45d, and the method for the present invention is most
Length only need the 9d times, greatly improve the efficiency, it is decomposed after stalk and excrement in nutriment be easier to be absorbed and used.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail With reference to embodiment, it is to be understood that protection scope of the present invention is simultaneously
It is not restricted by specific implementation.The test method of actual conditions is not specified in the following example, usually according to normal condition
Operation, the experiment material source being not specified is commercially available, due to not being related to inventive point, therefore its step is not described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of corn based on mulch it is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, including following embodiment, Xia Shushi
It is North of Shanxi to apply spring maize planting site in example and contrast test, is middle temperate semi-arid region.
Embodiment 1
A kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, include the following steps：
S1 sows the last stage：Selection of land, fertilising, weeding, selects maize seed to be sowed at site preparation；
S11, selection of land：Select the loamy texture plot that soil layer is deep, retain water and nutrients, permeability is good, topsoil nutrient content is high, ecology
Environmental index should meet the requirement of GB/T 18407.1.
S12, site preparation：It is ploughed in time after preceding crop harvest, ploughing depth >=20cm, thin rake of ploughing shallowly before sowing, leveling soil
Ground, shallow plowing depth are 5-10cm.
S13, fertilising：Organic fertilizer.2500kg/ mus of the amount of application of organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer by following parts by weight original
Material is made：2000 parts of animal wastes, 1000 parts of crop material (crop material is maize straw in embodiment 1)；The organic fertilizer
It is made according to the following steps：
(1) raw material is weighed by following weight ratio：2000 parts of animal wastes, 1000 parts of crop material；(2) it will weigh
Crop material is ground into 0.1-1cm (in terms of maximum width) clast, molten with the 0.05mol/L sulfuric acid that is equivalent to 1/3 mass of clast
Liquid mixing is covered with the iron sheet of 1.00mm thickness, and 12h is placed in sealing, the animal wastes weighed is then added, mixing continues to use
The iron sheet of 1.00mm thickness covers, and 5d is placed in sealing, adjusts pH to 6.5-7.2 with potassium hydroxide, obtains organic fertilizer.It is organic to prevent
The growth of harmful bacteria in fertilizer can admix carbendazim sterilization, or the 2d that is exposed to the sun before use.Iron sheet surface is coated with corrosion-inhibiting coating,
Prevent destruction of getting rusty.
S14, weeding：It beats Determination of Herbicide Acetochlor and harrows 150g/ mus of a kind of farm tools.
S15 selects maize seed：Select the waxy corn product for being suitble to local ecology and working condition by country or provincial authorization
Kind；Waxy corn meets the regulation of GB/T524-2002；Seed quality should meet the regulation of GB 4405；Capsuled seed should meet GB/
Standard as defined in T 15671.
S2, sowing
Time is isolated：The sowing time interval 15-20d of the maize seed of different cultivars；
Space is isolated：Wait for the isolation distance 200m of seeding corn and other period seeding corn kinds；
Environment temperature when sowing：Daily mean temperature >=7 DEG C when covering film is sowed, soil temperature >=10 DEG C 5cm；
Seeding method is as follows：When soil temperature >=10 DEG C of 5cm depth, the drip irrigation pipe belt of machinery paving side-seam type is utilized；People
Work program request, wide-and narrow-row are alternately sowed, and wide row is away from 80cm, and narrow row is away from 40m, per cave 1-2 seed, control spacing in the rows 30cm.Sowing is deep
Spend 4cm；(regulation for meeting GB13735-92) lid sowing soil and drip irrigation pipe belt after planting are covered with the mulch of 90cm wide, sows 2d
The caves trickle irrigation emergence water 15ml/ afterwards.
S3, field management
Weeding：Corn herbicides special after planting is sprayed to during emerging, select the morning of calm day or is carried out at night；6-
8 leaf seedling stage cultivation and banking weedings 1 time；
Hardening and put seedling：After emerging, the mulch above corn seedling is marked into cross mouth, (the length of cross mouth
It is 0.5-1cm with width) ventilation 2-4d, burn seedlings is prevented, then cross mouth is scratched, seedling is fully exposed to outside mulch,
Seedling is put in completion；
Seedling management：It is short of seedling in 3 leaf seedling stage thinnings, 5 leaf phase final singlings, the maize seedling of reservation growing way neat and consistent after putting seedling
When the seedling that closes on stay double strains；
The removal of tiller：It was found that maize seedling tiller removes in time, pay attention to preventing from loosening stem root system.
Middle term management：The 6-12 leaf phases are with 15-20kg/ mus of the top dressing urea that drips；Jointing or typhon mouth are filled with enough water；Grouting
Phase meets arid and pours water again 1 time；Rainy season pays attention to ditch cleaning, excludes field accumulated water.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：The pesticide of insect prevention disease is sprayed during corn growth, is forbidden using agriculture within 20d before harvesting
Medicine, Pesticide use meet the requirement of GB 4285 and GB/T 8321.
Wherein：Controlling underground pest：Mole cricket, cutworm, wireworm, grub etc. are broadcast before rear seedling with 48% Le Siben missible oil
It is made into 1:50 pesticide-clay mixture, is prevented between being spread to ridge at dusk by 4-5kg/ mus.
Corn borer prevents：Corn take out it is male front and back be in the milk to fruit ear before, with 1-2kg/ mus of 3% phoxim granule, with 5 times
Fine earth or fine sand are sprinkled into horn mouth after being mixed；Or by the dilutions such as 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil or 4.5% Beta-cypermethrin EC
It sprays after 1 000 times of 500-2 liquid.
Head smut prevents：Per 100kg corn seeds 12.5% speed Poly wettable powder 480-640g or 2% Garrick
Elegant seed dressing 300g seed dressings, the serious area of last year disease will suitably increase dose.Crop field finds head smut strain, pulls out immediately,
It takes out of outside field and destroys.
S5, corn harvesting：It is harvested when field management to corn maturation.
Collecting time：25d or so after the spinning of waxy corn female fringe, i.e. corncob filigree send out withered to harvest when changing into dark brown fresh and tender
Fruit ear.
Fresh fringe quality requirements：The fresh fringe quality of waxy corn the most suitable harvest date should be the fresh cleaning of appearance, there is this kind should have
Feature；Fringe shape grain shape is consistent, seed has due color when this kind milking maturity, glossy, full, tender, extrusion when have slurry
Liquid oozes out.The fresh fringe quality of waxy corn meets the requirement of GB/T 18407.1.
Straw utilization：Stalk should cradle processing ensiling or for making organic fertilizer in time after the fresh fringe picking of waxy corn.
Per mu yield is 841.0kg/ mus after the implantation methods harvesting corn of the present embodiment.
Embodiment 2
A kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, it is essentially identical with the method for embodiment 1, difference lies in：
The ploughing depth of S12 is changed to 25-30cm；
The fertilising of S13 is changed to application of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizer, wherein 2000-2200kg/ mus of the amount of application of organic fertilizer, institute
Organic fertilizer is stated to be made of the raw material of following parts by weight：2000 parts of animal wastes, 3000 parts of crop material (the crop straw of embodiment 2
Stalk is rice straw)；The organic fertilizer is made according to the following steps：
(1) raw material is weighed by following weight ratio：2000 parts of animal wastes, 3000 parts of crop material；(2) it will weigh
Crop material is ground into 0.1-1cm (in terms of maximum width) clast, molten with the 0.05mol/L sulfuric acid that is equivalent to 1/3 mass of clast
Liquid mixing is covered with the iron sheet of 0.50mm thickness, and sealing is placed for 24 hours, the animal wastes weighed is then added, mixing continues to use
The iron sheet of 0.50mm thickness covers, and 8d is placed in sealing, adjusts pH to 6.5-7.2 with potassium hydroxide, obtains organic fertilizer.Iron sheet surface applies
It is covered with corrosion-inhibiting coating, prevents destruction of getting rusty.
The inorganic fertilizer is made of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and zinc sulfate, and amount of application is as follows：12-15kg/ mus of nitrogen fertilizer application
(for example applied nitrogen is urea, then in terms of nitrogen quality, using 12-15kg/ mus of nitrogen), 5-8kg/ mus of phosphorus pentoxide, sulphur
Sour zinc 11.5kg/ mus.Fertilizer is fully mixed thoroughly, and ground is spread fertilizer over the fields in seedbed preparation, and rotary tillage is buried in the earth.Inorganic fertilizer use should accord with
Close the requirement of NY/T 496.
Per mu yield is 827.6kg/ mus after the implantation methods harvesting corn of the present embodiment.
Contrast test 1
A kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, it is essentially identical with the method for embodiment 1, difference lies in：
Organic fertilizer in S13 is replaced with into 2500kg/ mus of animal wastes.Per mu yield is 741.6kg/ mus after corn harvesting.
Contrast test 2
A kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, do not use mulch and organic fertilizer, conventionally plant
Plant spring maize.Per mu yield is 635.2kg/ mus after corn harvesting.
Compare the per mu yield data of above-described embodiment 1-2 and contrast test 1-2, it has been found that without using mulch and organic
Fertilizer conventionally plants spring maize, and per mu yield is only 635.2kg/ mus after harvesting.And the per mu yield of embodiment 1-2 reaches
827.6-841.0kg/ mu, per mu yield improves 30.29-32.4%；And compared to the contrast test using general planting method
2, embodiment 1-2 using water wisely 3-5%/mu.Consider planting cost, embodiment 1-2 increases income 5-10% than contrast test 2.
It should be noted that arriving numberical range involved in the present invention, it is thus understood that any number is equal in the numberical range
It can realize the effect of the embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention and numerical value be not particularly limited in order to facilitate the operation, although having been described
The preferred embodiment of the present invention, once a person skilled in the art knows basic creative concepts, then can be to these realities
It applies example and makes other change and modification.So the following claims are intended to be interpreted as including preferred embodiment and falls into this
All change and modification of invention scope.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
God and range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies
Within, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of corn based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1 sows the last stage：Selection of land, fertilising, weeding, selects maize seed to be sowed at site preparation；
Wherein, organic fertilizer when fertilising；The organic fertilizer is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：2000 parts of animal wastes, crop
1000-3000 parts of stalk；
S2, sowing
The maize seed sowing time interval 15-20d of different cultivars；Wait for being isolated for seeding corn and other period seeding corn kinds
Distance >=200m；Daily mean temperature >=7 DEG C when sowing；Seeding method is as follows：Spread drip irrigation pipe belt, artificial dibbling, wide-and narrow-row alternating
Sowing；Mulch cover-seeding soil and drip irrigation pipe belt are after planting used, trickle irrigation emergence water after 2d is sowed；
S3, field management
After emerging, the mulch above corn seedling is marked into cross mouth, divulge information 2-4d, then scratches cross mouth,
Seedling is fully exposed to outside mulch, seedling is put in completion；
S4, corn harvesting：It is harvested when field management to corn maturation.
2. the corn according to claim 1 based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that the organic fertilizer
It is made according to the following steps：
(1) raw material is weighed by following weight ratio：2000 parts of animal wastes, 1000-3000 parts of crop material；
(2) crop material weighed is ground into 0.1-1cm clasts, it is molten with the 0.05mol/L sulfuric acid that is equivalent to 1/3 mass of clast
Liquid mixing is covered with the iron sheet of 0.5-1mm thickness, and 12-24h is placed in sealing, and the animal wastes weighed are then added, and mixing continues
It is covered with the iron sheet of 0.5-1mm thickness, 5-8d is placed in sealing, is adjusted pH to 6.5-7.2 with potassium hydroxide, is obtained organic fertilizer.
3. the corn according to claim 2 based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that use potassium hydroxide
The solution of 20g/100ml is configured to when adjusting pH.
4. the corn according to claim 2 based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that the organic fertilizer
Amount of application >=2000kg/ mus.
5. the corn according to claim 1 based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that apply fertilizer in S1
When, further include that inorganic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer is used to be made of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus pentoxide and zinc sulfate.
6. the corn according to claim 5 based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that it is described inorganization
The amount of application of fertilizer is as follows：12-15kg/ mus of nitrogen fertilizer application, 5-8kg/ mus of phosphorus pentoxide, 11.5kg/ mus of zinc sulfate.
7. the corn according to claim 1 based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that in S2, manually
Per cave 1-2 seed when program request.
8. the corn according to claim 7 based on mulch is dry broadcast it is wet go out implantation methods, which is characterized in that in S2, width
When row is alternately sowed, maintain wide row away from 80cm, narrow row is away from 40m.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2021077525A1 (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | 钱德英 | Planting method for improving production value of corn |
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