CN108456376A - 一种轻质木塑发泡板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种轻质木塑发泡板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108456376A
CN108456376A CN201810163415.9A CN201810163415A CN108456376A CN 108456376 A CN108456376 A CN 108456376A CN 201810163415 A CN201810163415 A CN 201810163415A CN 108456376 A CN108456376 A CN 108456376A
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俞克波
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Hefei Still Decoration Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轻质木塑发泡板及其制备方法，涉及木塑板材制造技术领域，该发泡板包括以下原料：PVC树脂、萜烯树脂、丙烯酸甲酯、改性苎麻纤维、玉米秸杆粉、钡长石粉、八面沸石粉、五氯硬脂酸甲酯、氧化聚乙烯蜡、偶氮二异庚腈、N‑羟甲基丙烯酰胺、钙锌稳定剂、发泡剂、稳泡剂、偶联剂和阻燃剂。其制备方法是通过对原料混合及挤出制得的。本发明的木塑发泡板制备简单方便，机械性能稳定，具有屈服强度高、韧性好、保温阻燃、防水抗渗的特点。

Description

一种轻质木塑发泡板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及木塑板材制造技术领域，具体涉及一种轻质木塑发泡板及其制备方法。
背景技术
木塑板材是一种新型环保型木塑复合材料产品，在生产中、高密度纤维板过程中所产生的木粉，加入再生塑料经过造粒设备做成木塑复合材料，然后进行挤出生产组做成木塑地板。目前的工艺配方所制备的PVC发泡木塑材料在生产地板时质量容易出现分层、气泡不均匀、机械性能差等问题，不仅影响产品外观及销售，也导致成品木塑板材实用性能大大降低，因此，需要改善。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种轻质木塑发泡板及其制备方法，该种木塑发泡板制备简单方便，机械性能稳定，具有屈服强度高、韧性好、保温阻燃、防水抗渗的特点。
为了达到上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种轻质木塑发泡板，包括以下按重量份计的原料：PVC树脂60-80份、萜烯树脂20-30份、丙烯酸甲酯10-20份、改性苎麻纤维25-35份、玉米秸杆粉6-10份、钡长石粉4-8份、八面沸石粉3-5份、五氯硬脂酸甲酯2-4份、氧化聚乙烯蜡1-3份、偶氮二异庚腈1-2份、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺1-1.5份、钙锌稳定剂1-2份、发泡剂1-5份、稳泡剂1-2份、偶联剂1-5份和阻燃剂1-3份；
上述的改性苎麻纤维通过以下步骤制得：
步骤1：取原料苎麻纤维经短切设备剪切至长度小于等于3mm，得短切苎麻纤维；将短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为8-12％的双氧水中浸泡50-60min后取出，洗涤至中性，置于工作温度为80-90℃的烘箱中干燥处理35-45min；
步骤2：将经步骤1处理后的短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为20-30％的氢氧化钠水溶液中，在温度为55-65℃条件下，保温搅拌80-90min后过滤，将滤渣洗涤至中性，再短切至长度小于等于500μm，之后置于温度为55-65℃、质量浓度为70-80％的聚己二酸己二醇酯溶液中浸润75-85min，最后过滤、烘干，即得。
进一步地，上述的发泡板包括以下按重量份计的原料：PVC树脂70份、萜烯树脂25份、丙烯酸甲酯15份、改性苎麻纤维30份、玉米秸杆粉8份、钡长石粉6份、八面沸石粉4份、五氯硬脂酸甲酯3份、氧化聚乙烯蜡2份、偶氮二异庚腈1.5份、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺1.25份、钙锌稳定剂1.5份、发泡剂3份、稳泡剂1.5份、偶联剂3份和阻燃剂2份。
进一步地，上述的改性苎麻纤维通过以下步骤制得：
步骤1：取原料苎麻纤维经短切设备剪切至长度小于等于2mm，得短切苎麻纤维；将短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为10％的双氧水中浸泡55min后取出，洗涤至中性，置于工作温度为85℃的烘箱中干燥处理40min；
步骤2：将经步骤1处理后的短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为25％的氢氧化钠水溶液中，在温度为60℃条件下，保温搅拌85min后过滤，将滤渣洗涤至中性，再短切至长度小于等于300μm，之后置于温度为60℃、质量浓度为75％的聚己二酸己二醇酯溶液中浸润80min，最后过滤、烘干，即得。
优选地，上述的发泡剂采用三乙氧基丁烷、钠偶氮二异丁腈或偶氮二甲酰胺中的任一种。
优选地，上述的稳泡剂采用硅树脂聚醚乳液、聚丙烯酰胺或聚乙烯醇中的任一种。
优选地，上述的偶联剂采用硅烷偶联剂KH172、硅烷偶联剂KH550或硅烷偶联剂KH171中的任一种。
优选地，上述的阻燃剂采用三羟甲基氧化磷、二苯基磷酸酯或双季戊四醇中的任一种。
上述的一种轻质木塑发泡板的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)按所述重量份配比称取原料；
(2)将改性苎麻纤维、玉米秸杆粉、钡长石粉、八面沸石粉、发泡剂、稳泡剂混合，加入温度为40-50℃、重量倍数为2-3的去离子水混合2-3h，得发泡溶液；
(3)将所有原料及发泡溶液置于混合机中，在工作温度为55-60℃条件下混合4-5h，得干混料；
(4)将干混料输送至双螺杆挤出机中，经挤出后，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后即可；
双螺杆挤出机：一区温度为145-155℃，二区温度为160-170℃，三区温度为175-185℃，四区温度为190-200℃，机头温度为170-180℃，转子转速为36-38r/pm。
本发明具有如下的有益效果：本发明的木塑发泡板制备简单方便，成本低廉，干密度值小，质轻，运输施工方便，原料间的界面相容性好，能够充分发挥材料中各组分的优势，克服现有技术中材料利用率低的缺点，通过对生产原料的改进研制，加入改性苎麻纤维、八面沸石粉等成分，提高成品发泡板材的力学强度，进而优化材料的机械性能；通过优化和控制制备工艺来提高生产效率和生产质量，尤其是混料温度、转速以及挤出温度的控制，使得改性苎麻纤维等成分在共混体系中的分散性达到最优，进一步地提高了木塑发泡板的机械稳定性，使其具有屈服强度高、韧性好的特点，另外，本发明的木塑发泡板一致性好，板材使用寿命长，完整度高，其内部均匀分布的大量的闭合发泡微孔，使得本发明的产品具有保温阻燃、防水抗渗的优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述，以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种轻质木塑发泡板，称取以下原料：PVC树脂60kg、萜烯树脂20g、丙烯酸甲酯10kg、改性苎麻纤维25kg、玉米秸杆粉6kg、钡长石粉4kg、八面沸石粉3kg、五氯硬脂酸甲酯2kg、氧化聚乙烯蜡1kg、偶氮二异庚腈1kg、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺1kg、钙锌稳定剂1kg、三乙氧基丁烷1kg、硅树脂聚醚乳液1kg、硅烷偶联剂KH1721kg和三羟甲基氧化磷1kg；
改性苎麻纤维的制备：
步骤1：取原料苎麻纤维25kg，经短切设备剪切至长度小于等于3mm，得短切苎麻纤维；将短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为8％的双氧水中浸泡50min后取出，洗涤至中性，置于工作温度为80℃的烘箱中干燥处理35min；
步骤2：将经步骤1处理后的短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为20％的氢氧化钠水溶液中，在温度为55℃条件下，保温搅拌80min后过滤，将滤渣洗涤至中性，再短切至长度小于等于500μm，之后置于温度为55℃、质量浓度为70％的聚己二酸己二醇酯溶液中浸润75min，最后过滤、烘干，即得。
上述的一种轻质木塑发泡板的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)先将上述的改性苎麻纤维、玉米秸杆粉、钡长石粉、八面沸石粉、发泡剂、稳泡剂混合，加入温度为40℃、重量倍数为2的去离子水混合2h，得发泡溶液；
(2)再将所有原料及发泡溶液置于混合机中，在工作温度为55℃条件下混合4h，得干混料；
(3)之后将干混料输送至双螺杆挤出机中，经挤出后，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后即制得本发明的轻质木塑发泡板；
其中，上述双螺杆挤出机的工作参数为：一区温度为145℃，二区温度为160℃，三区温度为175℃，四区温度为190℃，机头温度为170℃，转子转速为36r/pm。
实施例2
一种轻质木塑发泡板，称取以下原料：PVC树脂70kg、萜烯树脂25kg、丙烯酸甲酯15kg、改性苎麻纤维30kg、玉米秸杆粉8kg、钡长石粉6kg、八面沸石粉4kg、五氯硬脂酸甲酯3kg、氧化聚乙烯蜡2kg、偶氮二异庚腈1.5kg、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺1.25kg、钙锌稳定剂1.5kg、钠偶氮二异丁腈3kg、聚丙烯酰胺1.5kg、硅烷偶联剂KH5503kg和二苯基磷酸酯2kg；
改性苎麻纤维的制备：
步骤1：取原料苎麻纤维30kg，经短切设备剪切至长度小于等于2mm，得短切苎麻纤维；将短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为10％的双氧水中浸泡55min后取出，洗涤至中性，置于工作温度为85℃的烘箱中干燥处理40min；
步骤2：将经步骤1处理后的短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为25％的氢氧化钠水溶液中，在温度为60℃条件下，保温搅拌85min后过滤，将滤渣洗涤至中性，再短切至长度小于等于300μm，之后置于温度为60℃、质量浓度为75％的聚己二酸己二醇酯溶液中浸润80min，最后过滤、烘干，即得。
上述的一种轻质木塑发泡板的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)先将上述的改性苎麻纤维、玉米秸杆粉、钡长石粉、八面沸石粉、发泡剂、稳泡剂混合，加入温度为45℃、重量倍数为2的去离子水混合2.5h，得发泡溶液；
(2)再将所有原料及发泡溶液置于混合机中，在工作温度为58℃条件下混合4.5h，得干混料；
(3)之后将干混料输送至双螺杆挤出机中，经挤出后，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后即制得本发明的轻质木塑发泡板；
其中，上述双螺杆挤出机的工作参数为：一区温度为150℃，二区温度为165℃，三区温度为180℃，四区温度为195℃，机头温度为175℃，转子转速为36-38r/pm。
实施例3
一种轻质木塑发泡板，称取以下原料：PVC树脂80kg、萜烯树脂30kg、丙烯酸甲酯20kg、改性苎麻纤维35kg、玉米秸杆粉10kg、钡长石粉8kg、八面沸石粉5kg、五氯硬脂酸甲酯4kg、氧化聚乙烯蜡3kg、偶氮二异庚腈2kg、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺1.5kg、钙锌稳定剂2kg、偶氮二甲酰胺5kg、聚乙烯醇稳泡剂2kg、硅烷偶联剂KH1715kg和双季戊四醇3kg；
改性苎麻纤维的制备：
步骤1：取原料苎麻纤维35kg，经短切设备剪切至长度小于等于3mm，得短切苎麻纤维；将短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为12％的双氧水中浸泡60min后取出，洗涤至中性，置于工作温度为90℃的烘箱中干燥处理45min；
步骤2：将经步骤1处理后的短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为30％的氢氧化钠水溶液中，在温度为65℃条件下，保温搅拌90min后过滤，将滤渣洗涤至中性，再短切至长度小于等于500μm，之后置于温度为65℃、质量浓度为80％的聚己二酸己二醇酯溶液中浸润85min，最后过滤、烘干，即得。
上述的一种轻质木塑发泡板的制备方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)先将上述的改性苎麻纤维、玉米秸杆粉、钡长石粉、八面沸石粉、发泡剂、稳泡剂混合，加入温度为50℃、重量倍数为3的去离子水混合3h，得发泡溶液；
(2)再将所有原料及发泡溶液置于混合机中，在工作温度为60℃条件下混合5h，得干混料；
(3)之后将干混料输送至双螺杆挤出机中，经挤出后，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后即制得本发明的轻质木塑发泡板；
其中，上述双螺杆挤出机的工作参数为：一区温度为155℃，二区温度为170℃，三区温度为185℃，四区温度为200℃，机头温度为180℃，转子转速为38r/pm。
性能检测
对上述实施例1-3制得的轻质木塑发泡板进行以下性能检测，与市售木塑版F100S20进行对比，具体检测结果见下表1所示；
表1
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种轻质木塑发泡板，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份计的原料：PVC树脂60-80份、萜烯树脂20-30份、丙烯酸甲酯10-20份、改性苎麻纤维25-35份、玉米秸杆粉6-10份、钡长石粉4-8份、八面沸石粉3-5份、五氯硬脂酸甲酯2-4份、氧化聚乙烯蜡1-3份、偶氮二异庚腈1-2份、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺1-1.5份、钙锌稳定剂1-2份、发泡剂1-5份、稳泡剂1-2份、偶联剂1-5份和阻燃剂1-3份；
所述改性苎麻纤维通过以下步骤制得：
步骤1：取原料苎麻纤维经短切设备剪切至长度小于等于3mm，得短切苎麻纤维；将短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为8-12％的双氧水中浸泡50-60min后取出，洗涤至中性，置于工作温度为80-90℃的烘箱中干燥处理35-45min；
步骤2：将经步骤1处理后的短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为20-30％的氢氧化钠水溶液中，在温度为55-65℃条件下，保温搅拌80-90min后过滤，将滤渣洗涤至中性，再短切至长度小于等于500μm，之后置于温度为55-65℃、质量浓度为70-80％的聚己二酸己二醇酯溶液中浸润75-85min，最后过滤、烘干，即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质木塑发泡板，其特征在于，包括以下按重量份计的原料：PVC树脂70份、萜烯树脂25份、丙烯酸甲酯15份、改性苎麻纤维30份、玉米秸杆粉8份、钡长石粉6份、八面沸石粉4份、五氯硬脂酸甲酯3份、氧化聚乙烯蜡2份、偶氮二异庚腈1.5份、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺1.25份、钙锌稳定剂1.5份、发泡剂3份、稳泡剂1.5份、偶联剂3份和阻燃剂2份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质木塑发泡板，其特征在于，所述改性苎麻纤维通过以下步骤制得：
步骤1：取原料苎麻纤维经短切设备剪切至长度小于等于2mm，得短切苎麻纤维；将短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为10％的双氧水中浸泡55min后取出，洗涤至中性，置于工作温度为85℃的烘箱中干燥处理40min；
步骤2：将经步骤1处理后的短切苎麻纤维放入体积浓度为25％的氢氧化钠水溶液中，在温度为60℃条件下，保温搅拌85min后过滤，将滤渣洗涤至中性，再短切至长度小于等于300μm，之后置于温度为60℃、质量浓度为75％的聚己二酸己二醇酯溶液中浸润80min，最后过滤、烘干，即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质木塑发泡板，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为三乙氧基丁烷、钠偶氮二异丁腈或偶氮二甲酰胺中的任一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质木塑发泡板，其特征在于，所述稳泡剂为硅树脂聚醚乳液、聚丙烯酰胺或聚乙烯醇中的任一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质木塑发泡板，其特征在于，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH172、硅烷偶联剂KH550或硅烷偶联剂KH171中的任一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质木塑发泡板，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为三羟甲基氧化磷、二苯基磷酸酯或双季戊四醇中的任一种。
8.一种根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的轻质木塑发泡板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)按所述重量份配比称取原料；
(2)将改性苎麻纤维、玉米秸杆粉、钡长石粉、八面沸石粉、发泡剂、稳泡剂混合，加入温度为40-50℃、重量倍数为2-3的去离子水混合2-3h，得发泡溶液；
(3)将所有原料及发泡溶液置于混合机中，在工作温度为55-60℃条件下混合4-5h，得干混料；
(4)将干混料输送至双螺杆挤出机中，经挤出后，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后即可；
双螺杆挤出机：一区温度为145-155℃，二区温度为160-170℃，三区温度为175-185℃，四区温度为190-200℃，机头温度为170-180℃，转子转速为36-38r/pm。
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