CN108454193A - 一种新型外露复合防水卷材 - Google Patents

一种新型外露复合防水卷材 Download PDF

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CN108454193A
CN108454193A CN201810482593.8A CN201810482593A CN108454193A CN 108454193 A CN108454193 A CN 108454193A CN 201810482593 A CN201810482593 A CN 201810482593A CN 108454193 A CN108454193 A CN 108454193A
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layer
water
coiled material
proof coiled
waterproof
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胡全超
龚兴宇
曹昌义
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Anshan Cun Building Material Co Ltd
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Anshan Cun Building Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种新型外露复合防水卷材，从上往下依次包括隔离层、胶粘层、防水层及附加层，所述隔离层为铝膜，所述胶粘层为压敏胶，所述防水层为高分子片材，所述附加层为下表面具有蓬松、倒钩纤维的无纺布。与现有技术比较，本发明具有优异的耐老化、耐臭氧、抗紫外线性能，且能与混凝土形成刚‑柔防水体系，有效避免因空隙形成的窜水通道，增加复合防水卷材的防水效果。

Description

一种新型外露复合防水卷材
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑防水领域，具体涉及一种新型外露复合防水卷材。
背景技术
防水卷材作为建筑业的“外衣”，主要用于建筑墙体、屋面、底板、公路、隧道、地下管廊、垃圾填埋场等，是一种可防潮、防渗、防水的柔性防水材料，作为防水工程的第一道重要防线，在整个工程建设、使用中起着至关重要的作用。
目前，国内防水材料大体上可分为三类：改性沥青防水卷材、防水涂料、高分子防水卷材。其中，改性沥青防水卷材由于不耐老化、热熔施工不环保，极少外露使用；防水涂料对基层要求高，容易损坏等缺点，多用于厨卫防水；高分子防水卷材以其优异的防水性、施工性及环保性，获得较快的增长。
对于需要外露的防水卷材，由于外露环境较为复杂，同时高分子防水卷材对太阳光中紫外波长极其敏感，导致材料降解，从而导致防水卷材防水性能大大降低。另外，防水卷材主要与混凝土、水泥砂浆接触，二者结合性不好，刚-刚防水容易形成窜水通道。
发明内容
为克服现有的技术缺陷，本发明提供了一种新型外露复合防水卷材，其通过彻底解决卷材窜水以及不耐老化等问题，从而大大提高卷材的防水性能。
为实现本发明的目的，采用以下技术方案予以实现：
一种新型外露复合防水卷材，从上往下依次包括隔离层、胶粘层、防水层及附加层，所述隔离层为铝膜，所述胶粘层为压敏胶，所述防水层为高分子片材，所述附加层为下表面具有蓬松、倒钩纤维的无纺布。
其中，所述的外露复合防水卷材厚度为1.2～3mm。
本发明中，隔离层起到物理隔离的作用，可反射、阻隔太阳光对防水层的直接照射，大大提高卷材的耐老化性能；胶粘层具有防水、密封、粘接的作用，提高防水卷材防水性能；无纺布用于避免防水层与混凝土的直接结合，形成窜水通道，蓬松、倒钩的无纺布一方面与混凝土机械锚固，增加粘接性能，形成刚-柔防水体系，另一方面蓬松的纤维可有效避免窜水通道的形成，增加复合防水卷材的防水效果。
进一步地，为了便于本发明所提供的防水卷材的铺贴，所述隔离层、胶粘层和防水层齐平；在宽度方向上，所述附加层至少有一侧短于所述防水层，所述防水层宽于所述附加层的部分作为卷材的焊接边。优选附加层只有有一侧短于所述防水层，也就是说，卷材的一侧设有焊接边。优选所述焊接边的宽度为5～10cm。
在实际施工时，防水卷材可通过热风焊接或采用搭接胶带的方式进行卷材之间的搭接，其中焊接温度约为400～600℃。优选采用搭接胶带的方式进行防水卷材的铺贴。对于卷材的铺贴，优选在卷材铺贴前对防水卷材的焊接边进行裁剪，使得两幅卷材附加层能够相连，从而使得两幅卷材之间能够更好地搭接在一起，进而进一步提高卷材的防窜水效果。
作为本发明的一种优选的实施方案，所述隔离层为纯铝膜单面复合聚四氟乙烯薄膜的复合铝膜，厚度为0.05～0.1mm。其中，通过纯铝膜单面复合聚四氟乙烯薄膜，纯铝膜作为金属材料膜能有效隔绝紫外线，降低阳光中紫外线对卷材的影响，同时聚四氟乙烯的抗酸抗碱、抗各种有机溶剂以及耐老化性能优异，如此能大大增加了防水卷材的耐化学品性以及耐老化性能，使之能够提高其作为外露防水卷材的性能，进一步提高防水卷材的使用寿命。
作为本发明的一种优选的实施方案，所述胶粘层为延伸性大于或等于15mm的压敏胶，厚度为0.1～0.5mm。本发明所提供的防水卷材选用蠕变性大的压敏胶，由于防水层和隔离层的收缩率不同，胶粘层蠕变性大能作为二者的缓冲层，使得复合防水卷材不同收缩率达到平衡。
其中，此处的延伸性参考标准JC/T 2428—2017《非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料》中对于延伸性的测试方法。
进一步地，所述胶粘层为以丁基橡胶、丁苯橡胶或苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)为主体的压敏胶。
进一步地，所述胶粘层按重量份数计由以下原料组成：
压敏橡胶5～50份；
增粘剂10～40份；
增塑剂10～60份；
填充剂10～40份；
补强剂10～50份；
纳米活化剂1～10份；
化学偶联剂0.5～5份；
抗氧剂1～5份。
其中，所述的压敏橡胶为普通丁基橡胶、氯化丁基橡胶、溴化丁基橡胶、丁苯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物的一种或多种组合。
所述增粘剂的软化点为85～135℃。作为优选，所述增粘剂为石油树脂、萜烯树脂或松香树脂的一种或多种组合。
所述的增塑剂为环烷油、聚异丁烯的一种或多种组合，常见的为环烷油4010、PIB-950、PIB-2400、PIB-1300的一种或多种组合。
所述的填充剂为硬质陶土、活性碳酸钙或纳米级高岭土中的一种或多种组合。
所述的补强剂为炭黑或白炭黑的一种或多种组合，其中所述的炭黑为半补强炭黑、通用炭黑中的一种或多种组合，所述的白炭黑为气相法白炭黑或沉淀法白炭黑。
所述的纳米级活化剂为纳米级氧化锌。
所述的化学偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂或钛酸酯偶联剂中的一种或多种组合。优选的，可用的偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570、NDZ-201、NDZ-311的一种或多种组合。
所述的抗氧剂为酚类、亚磷酸类的一种或多种组合，也可用胺类或苯并三唑类抗氧剂。优选的，可用抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168按1:1～2:1的比例配制。
作为本发明的一种优选的实施方案，所述防水层为厚度为0.5～2.0mm的高分子片材。优选地，所述防水层采用热塑性聚烯烃(TPO)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)等中的一种或者几种进行共混改性，经单螺杆或双螺杆挤出宽度1000～2000mm、厚度为0.5～2.0mm的片材。作为本发明的一种优选的实施方案，所述附加层为聚酯或聚丙烯无纺布，优选无纺布采用克重为80g/m2、100g/m2。
进一步地，所述附加层与所述防水层之间采用热压复合，热压温度为50～150℃，所述附加层(无纺布)的另一面经针刺、水刺加固，形成蓬松、倒钩纤维表面。本发明中，无纺布避免防水层与混凝土的直接结合，形成窜水通道，蓬松、倒钩的无纺布一方面能与混凝土形成机械锚固，增加粘接性能，形成刚-柔防水体系，另一方面蓬松的纤维可有效避免窜水通道的形成，增加复合防水卷材的防水效果。
与现有技术比较，本发明提供了一种新型外露复合防水卷材，具有以下有益效果：
(1)所采用隔离层物理阻隔，反射、隔离太阳光，具有优异的耐老化、耐臭氧、抗紫外线性能；
(2)所采用的胶粘层起防水、密封和粘接的作用，同时把防水层与隔离层收缩率达到平衡；
(3)所采用的附加层经特殊处理，与混凝土形成刚-柔防水体系，有效避免因空隙形成的窜水通道，增加复合防水卷材的防水效果；
(4)本发明的外露复合防水卷材机械强度高、防水性能优异、耐低温；同时卷材柔软，基面服帖性好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
附图标记：1-隔离层；2-胶粘层；3-防水层；4-附加层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步详细地说明。
实施例1
如图1所示，一种新型外露复合防水卷材，自上而下依次包括隔离层1、胶粘层2、防水层3、附加层4。
其中，隔离层1为纯铝膜，厚度为0.1mm；胶粘层2为丁苯橡胶为主体的压敏胶，厚度为0.5mm；防水层3为高分子层，采用热塑性聚烯烃、聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚氯乙烯共混改性，经单螺杆挤出制得宽度为1000mm、厚度为2mm的高分子防水层，两边预留焊接边宽度为8cm；附加层4为克重100g/m2的聚酯无纺布，附加层与防水层通过热压复合，热压温度为120℃，无纺布的另一面经针刺、水刺加固，形成具有蓬松、倒钩纤维的表面。
其中，胶粘层2按重量份数计由以下原料组成：丁苯橡胶50份；增粘剂40份；增塑剂60份；填充剂40份；补强剂50份；纳米活化剂10份；化学偶联剂5份；抗氧剂5份。
上述增粘剂为石油树脂；增塑剂为PIB-950、PIB-2400以3:1的组合；填充剂为活性碳酸钙和纳米级高岭土以2:1的组合；补强剂为白炭黑；纳米级活化剂为纳米级氧化锌；化学偶联剂为KH-570、NDZ-201以1:3的组合；抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168按1:1～2:1的比例配制。
实施例2
如图1所示，一种新型外露复合防水卷材，自上而下依次包括隔离层1、胶粘层2、防水层3、附加层4。
其中，隔离层1为纯铝膜，厚度为0.05mm；胶粘层2为丁基橡胶为主体的压敏胶，厚度为0.2mm；防水层3为高分子层，采用热塑性聚烯烃、聚乙烯共混改性，经单螺杆挤出制得宽度为1000mm、厚度为1.2mm的高分子防水层，两边预留焊接边宽度为10cm；附加层4为克重80g/m2的聚酯无纺布，附加层与防水层通过热压复合，热压温度为80℃，无纺布的另一面经针刺、水刺加固，形成具有蓬松、倒钩纤维的表面。
其中，胶粘层2按重量份数计由以下原料组成：丁基橡胶5份；增粘剂10份；增塑剂10份；填充剂10份；补强剂10份；纳米活化剂1份；化学偶联剂0.5份；抗氧剂1份。
上述丁基橡胶由丁基橡胶、氯化丁基橡胶、溴化丁基橡胶按照8:1:1的比例组合而成；增粘剂为萜烯树脂和松香树脂以1:3的组合；增塑剂为环烷油4010；填充剂为硬质陶土、活性碳酸钙组合；补强剂为炭黑；纳米级活化剂为纳米级氧化锌；化学偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560以1:1的比例组合；抗氧剂为酚类、亚磷酸类的一种或多种组合。
实施例3
如图1所示，一种新型外露复合防水卷材，自上而下依次包括隔离层1、胶粘层2、防水层3、附加层4。
其中，隔离层1为纯铝膜，厚度为0.3mm；胶粘层2为SBS压敏胶，厚度为0.1mm；防水层3为高分子层，采用聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯共混改性，经单螺杆挤出制得宽度为2000mm、厚度为0.5mm的高分子防水层，两边预留焊接边宽度为5cm；附加层4为克重80g/m2的聚酯无纺布，附加层与防水层通过热压复合，热压温度为100℃，无纺布的另一面经针刺、水刺加固，形成具有蓬松、倒钩纤维的表面。
其中，胶粘层2按重量份数计由以下原料组成：苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物36份；增粘剂24份；增塑剂32份；填充剂16份；补强剂13份；纳米活化剂6份；化学偶联剂2份；抗氧剂2.2份。
上述增粘剂为萜烯树脂；增塑剂为环烷油4010和PIB-1300以1:1的组合；填充剂为纳米级高岭土；补强剂为炭黑和白炭黑以3:1的组合；纳米级活化剂为纳米级氧化锌；化学偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560以1:4的组合；抗氧剂为酚类、亚磷酸类的一种或多种组合。
对比例1
与实施例1不同点在于没有隔离层。
对比例2
与实施例1不同点在于，胶粘层采用延伸性为12mm的压敏胶。
对比例3
与实施例1不同点在于无纺布的另一面未经过任何处理。
按GB/T 23457-2009《预铺、湿铺防水卷材》以及TB/T 2965-2011《铁路混凝土桥面防水层技术条件》分别对实施例1～3以及对比例1～3的不透水性、防窜水性以及与混凝土粘接强度进行测试，具体测试结果如表1所示。
表1
上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，从上往下依次包括隔离层、胶粘层、防水层及附加层，所述隔离层为铝膜，所述胶粘层为压敏胶，所述防水层为高分子片材，所述附加层为下表面具有蓬松、倒钩纤维的无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述胶粘层为延伸性大于或等于15 mm的压敏胶。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述胶粘层按重量份数计由以下原料组成：
压敏橡胶 5~50份；
增粘剂 10~40份；
增塑剂 10~60份；
填充剂 10~40份；
补强剂 10~50份；
纳米活化剂 1~10份；
化学偶联剂 0.5~5份；
抗氧剂 1~5份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述压敏橡胶为丁基橡胶、氯化丁基橡胶、溴化丁基橡胶、丁苯橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物中的一种或多种；和/或所述增粘剂的软化点为85~135℃；和/或所述增塑剂为环烷油、聚异丁烯中的一种或多种；和/或所述填充剂为硬质陶土、活性碳酸钙、纳米级高岭土中的一种或多种；和/或所述补强剂为炭黑、白炭黑中的一种或多种；和/或所述化学偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂中的一种或多种；和/或所述纳米级活化剂为纳米级氧化锌；和/或，所述抗氧剂为酚类、亚磷酸类中的一种或多种或胺类或苯并三唑类抗氧剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述增粘剂为石油树脂、萜烯树脂或松香树脂中的一种或多种；和/或所述增塑剂为环烷油4010、PIB-950、PIB-2400、PIB-1300的一种或多种；和/或所述偶联剂为KH-550、KH-560、KH-570、NDZ-201、NDZ-311中的一种或多种；和/或所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168按1:1~2:1的比例配制。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述隔离层为纯铝膜单面复合聚四氟乙烯薄膜的复合铝膜。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述防水层为热塑性聚烯烃、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯中的一种或者几种进行共混改性而成。
8.根据权利要求1或2或4~7任一项所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述隔离层、胶粘层和防水层齐平；在宽度方向上，所述附加层至少有一侧短于所述防水层，所述防水层宽于所述附加层的部分作为卷材的焊接边。
9.根据权利要求1或2或4~7任一项所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述附加层与所述防水层之间采用热压复合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的新型外露复合防水卷材，其特征在于，所述附加层为80g/m2、100g/m2的无纺布。
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CN111269668A (zh) * 2020-03-27 2020-06-12 山东双圆密封科技有限公司 外露型柔性泛水密封修补胶带及其制备方法
CN112440541A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-03-05 天津卓宝科技有限公司 一种隔汽膜及其制备方法和应用
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