CN108410767A - 纳豆菌及其在发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖中的应用 - Google Patents
纳豆菌及其在发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS‑I‑HepG2,Bacillus subtilis subsp.natto PS‑I‑HepG2,用于发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖,制备方法如下:菲律宾蛤仔预处理;种子菌悬液的制备;发酵;浸提;醇沉、除蛋白;超滤;冻干,得到菲律宾蛤仔多糖粉末。本发明通过肝癌HepG2细胞体外抑制活性实验证明枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS‑I‑HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备的多糖具有明显的抗癌活性,且比菲律宾蛤仔发酵前多糖产量提高3倍,采用本发明的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS‑I‑HepG2及制备方法得到的活性多糖可用于防治肺癌、肝癌等实体瘤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及多糖的制备领域,具体地说,涉及一株纳豆菌的分离鉴定并将其用于发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖。
背景技术
菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)属软体动物门(Mollusca)、双壳纲(Veneroida)、帘蛤科(Veneridae)、蛤仔属(Ruditapes),俗称蛤仔、花蛤、蚬子、蛤蜊等,为广温、广盐性贝类,在我国北起辽宁,南至广西、海南都有分布。菲律宾蛤仔肉质鲜嫩,口感极佳,营养丰富,具有很高的经济价值和药用价值,也是我国滩涂养殖的重要品种。2016年菲律宾蛤仔的年产量约300万吨,占世界总产量的90%,单种产量在我国养殖贝类中最高。目前,菲律宾蛤仔的传统加工方法单一、附加值低,且缺乏发酵制品的研究报道。而传统的海产品发酵由于通常采用自然发酵,导致发酵周期长、条件不易控制、盐度含量高等原因不利于人体健康而受到限制。
众所周知,多糖类化合物作为免疫调节剂具有抗肿瘤、抗突变、抗病毒、抗凝血、降血糖、降血脂等保健作用,已应用于功能性食品或临床药物。其中,由于某些活性多糖的独特功能和无毒特性,其在肿瘤的治疗和预防上优于其它化合物。因此,活性多糖作为抗肿瘤药品或保健食品的功能成分具有广阔的应用前景。为了从贝类中寻找抗肿瘤活性多糖,张莉、范秀萍等分别从菲律宾蛤仔中发现对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞具有明显抑制作用的蛋白聚糖,以及对人急性早幼粒白血病细胞HL-60具有显著的抑制作用的氨基多糖。然而,由于菲律宾蛤仔中的粗糖分含量仅占干重的7.32%,限制了其在抗肿瘤功能性食品中的应用。
纳豆菌(Bacillus natto)是从纳豆中分离出的对人体健康有益的菌株,食用历史已有2000多年,是“公认安全”(GRAs)的微生物。虽然纳豆菌发酵制品具有抗肿瘤、降血压、抗氧化、溶血栓的保健作用,但目前国内外研究人员对其中活性物质的研究主要集中在纳豆激酶上,而对抗肿瘤活性多糖却鲜有报道。因此,亟需一种能够发酵菲律宾蛤仔,并能从发酵物中提取大量具有抗肿瘤活性多糖的纳豆菌。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种分离鉴定出的纳豆菌,并用其发酵菲律宾蛤仔,从中提取具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
根据纳豆菌(Bacillus natto)产淀粉酶和纳豆激酶的特性,本发明分别从7种商品纳豆(见表1)中分离出7种不同的纳豆芽孢杆菌,分别命名为BN-A、BN-B、BN-C、BN-D、BN-E、BN-F、BN-G,以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为发酵底物分别进行液态发酵;采用水提法将多糖(polysaccharides fromRuditapesphilippinarum,RPP)从纳豆菌发酵蛤仔后的产物中提取出来,以硫酸苯酚法测定多糖的含量,以RPP产量和对肿瘤细胞抑制率为指标筛选出一株多糖产量最高且对肿瘤细胞抑制率较高的菌株BN-G,将其命名为枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2,Bacillus subtilis subsp.natto PS-I-HepG2,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2018080。
表1.七种纳豆菌名称及来源
枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2在发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖中的应用。
枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔所得发酵物以及利用发酵物制备的活性多糖具有抗肿瘤活性。
枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔所得发酵物以及利用发酵物制备的活性多糖用于制备抗肿瘤功能性食品。
枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖的具体操作步骤如下:
(1)纳豆芽孢杆菌的筛选:称取0.1~0.5g纳豆于10~50mL生理盐水中,振荡40~70min,将菌悬液在70~90℃恒温水浴锅中加热5~15min后,迅速冷却至室温,得到原始菌液;将原始菌液稀释后涂布平板,在37℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养24h,每处理至少设3个平行;观察菌落生长情况,选择菌落分布均匀、菌落数介于30~80的平板,挑取不同菌落形态的单菌落进行革兰氏染色,显微镜下观察;反复纯化,直到获得纯种;利用纳豆芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的特性,将分离到的单菌落分别点接到牛奶培养基上,每株菌作至少3个平行,37℃培养观察水解圈形成情况;选取水解圈与菌落直径比大的菌落进行镜检、纯化,在牛肉膏蛋白胨斜面划线,培养,4℃保藏备用。
(2)菲律宾蛤仔预处理:选取长度为3~5cm鲜活蛤仔,经清水吐沙后于蒸锅中微蒸,待外壳张开后取肉、打成匀浆。
(3)种子菌悬液的制备:将步骤(1)所述保藏的菌种活化,从斜面上挑1~2环菌种接到装有种子液体培养基的三角瓶中,于30~40℃,160~230r/min下摇床培养18~24h,制得种子菌悬液。制备的种子菌悬液用于接种,使菌液浓度均一,稳定。
(4)发酵:按照料液比为1:2~1:5的比例在蛤仔肉中加入蒸馏水,高温灭菌后接入1%~9%的步骤(3)制备的种子菌悬液;置于34~45℃恒温箱中摇床发酵24~72h。时间是影响发酵效果的主要因素,通过探究不同时间的发酵效果,筛选出多糖得率最高的菌株。
(5)浸提:向步骤(4)的发酵物中加入发酵液体积4~5倍的蒸馏水,在65~75℃条件下浸提4~8h,离心,取上清液。采用水提法,将多糖浸提出来。
(6)醇沉、除蛋白:将步骤(5)所述上清液旋转蒸发至原体积的1/3~1/5,加入5~8体积的95%乙醇,进行醇沉,4~8℃冰箱中放置过夜,次日取出,倾倒上层乙醇溶液,4000~6000r/min离心15~25min收集沉淀,将所得沉淀溶于水,再加乙醇沉淀,重复操作两次,离心分离,收集沉淀物;sevag法除蛋白。该步骤用于除去溶于乙醇的单糖或小分子寡糖等醇溶物,sevag法除去蛋白获得粗多糖。
(7)超滤:采用5KD的膜超滤3~5次除去无机盐离子和小分子肽类,并进行浓缩。
(8)冻干:将超滤得到的糖溶液冷冻干燥,得到菲律宾蛤仔多糖粉末。采用冷冻干燥的方法获得菲律宾蛤仔多糖粉末,能够最大限度地保持多糖原有的物理化学性质。
本发明的有益效果:本发明通过筛选纳豆和纳豆菌粉,获得一株枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2,Bacillus subtilis subsp.natto PS-I-HepG2,通过癌细胞体外抑制活性实验证明该纳豆菌发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备的多糖具有明显的抗癌活性,且多糖产量提高3倍,采用本发明的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2及制备方法得到的活性多糖可用于防治肺癌、肝癌等实体瘤。
附图说明:
图1为本发明葡萄糖含量测定标准曲线;
图2为本发明纳豆菌BN-A在不同发酵时间的RPP得率;
图3为本发明纳豆菌BN-B在不同发酵时间的RPP得率;
图4为本发明纳豆菌BN-C在不同发酵时间的RPP得率;
图5为本发明纳豆菌BN-D在不同发酵时间的RPP得率;
图6为本发明纳豆菌BN-E在不同发酵时间的RPP得率;
图7为本发明纳豆菌BN-F在不同发酵时间的RPP得率;
图8为本发明纳豆菌BN-G在不同发酵时间的RPP得率;
图9为本发明RPP对人肺癌A-549细胞增殖的抑制作用;
图10为本发明RPP对人结肠癌HCT116细胞增殖的抑制作用;
图11为本发明RPP对人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖的抑制作用;
图12为本发明RPP对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用;
图13为本发明纳豆菌BN-G形成的脱脂牛奶平板蛋白溶解圈;
图14为本发明纳豆菌BN-G的系统发育树。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1纳豆芽孢杆菌的筛选和鉴定
(1)纳豆芽孢杆菌的初筛:称取0.2g纳豆于20mL 0.9%的生理盐水中,振荡1h,将菌悬液在80℃恒温水浴锅中加热10min后,迅速冷却至室温,此菌悬液作为原始菌悬液;取原始菌悬液0.5mL加入4.5mL无菌生理盐水中制成10-1稀释菌悬液,如上操作梯度稀释制备10-2~10-8稀释菌悬液。各取100μl上述10-5~10-8稀释菌悬液加至含盐量2%的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基平板,每处理设3个平行,涂匀稀释菌悬液。将上述平板移至37℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养24h。观察菌落生长情况,选择菌落分布均匀、菌落数介于30~80的平板,挑取不同菌落形态的单菌落进行革兰氏染色,显微镜下观察。根据常见细菌系统鉴定手册对芽孢杆菌的鉴定方法反复纯化,直到获得纯种。
(2)纳豆芽孢杆菌的复筛:利用纳豆芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的特性将分离到的单菌落同时点接到牛奶培养基上,每株菌作3个平行,37℃培养观察水解圈形成情况。选取水解圈与菌落直径比大的菌落进行镜检、纯化,在牛肉膏蛋白胨斜面划线,4℃保藏备用,分离纯化得到7株纳豆菌,分别命名为BN-A、BN-B、BN-C、BN-D、BN-E、BN-F、BN-G。
将分离纯化得到的7株菌株在平板上培养24h后,用无菌牙签点种至脱脂牛奶培养基上,37℃培养18h,测量菌落及其周围水解圈的垂直直径,并计算纳豆菌株的相对酶活性,结果见表2。
表2纳豆芽孢杆菌相对蛋白酶活性
注:α:菌落直径,β水解圈直径,相对蛋白酶活性=(水解圈直径/菌落直径)2
(3)观察纳豆芽孢杆菌的细胞特征
将分离得到的7株菌株在斜面培养基上培养24h后,显微镜下观察细菌细胞的特征,结果见表3。
表3纳豆菌株细胞特征
将分离得到的7株菌株稀释后涂平板,37℃培养24h后观察单菌落的形态,结果见表4。
表4纳豆菌菌落形态
实施例2菲律宾蛤仔抗肿瘤多糖的制备方法
(1)菲律宾蛤仔预处理:选取长度约为4cm鲜活蛤仔,经清水吐沙后于蒸锅中微蒸,待外壳张开后取肉、打成匀浆。
(2)种子菌悬液的制备:将分离得到的7株纳豆菌,进行菌种活化后,从斜面上挑1~2环菌种接到装有种子液体培养基的三角瓶中,于37℃,200r/min下摇床培养24h,制得种子菌悬液,其浓度为1x108~8x108cfu/mL。其中,种子液体培养基为:蛋白胨1%、牛肉膏0.5%、氯化钠0.5%、葡萄糖0.5%,调整pH为7.2~7.4。
(3)发酵:按照料液比为1:3的比例在蛤仔肉中加入蒸馏水,高温灭菌后分别接入5%的7种纳豆芽孢杆菌种子液;置于37℃恒温箱中摇床发酵24h、36h、48h、60h、72h。
(4)浸提:将发酵物加入一定量蒸馏水,约占发酵液体积的5倍;在70℃条件下浸提8h,离心取上清液。
(5)醇沉、除蛋白:将上清液进行旋转蒸发至原体积的1/4,加入6倍体积的95%乙醇,进行醇沉,4℃冰箱中放置过夜,次日取出,倾倒上层乙醇溶液,5000r/min离心20min,收集沉淀,将所得沉淀溶于水,再加乙醇沉淀,重复操作两次,然后离心分离,收集沉淀物,Sevag法除蛋白。Sevag法除蛋白的具体步骤为:将沉淀物(粗多糖)用去离子水配成适当浓度,按多糖溶液:Sevag试剂(氯仿:正丁醇=4:1)=3:1的比例向溶液中加入Sevag试剂,30℃振摇30min,然后在5000r/min转速离心l min,取出上清液。上层为多糖层,变性蛋白会出现在上下两层的界面处。重复Sevag法除蛋白3次以上,至水和氯仿交界处无蛋白出现为止。
(6)超滤:采用截留值为5KD的膜超滤3次除去其中的无机盐离子和小分子肽类,并进行浓缩。
(7)冻干:将超滤得到的活性多糖溶液冷冻干燥得到7种纳豆菌发酵的菲律宾蛤仔多糖粉末,分别命名为RPPA、RPPB、RPPC、RPPD、RPPE、RPPF、RPPG。
实施例3多糖(RPP)得率测定
准确称取10mL葡萄糖标准溶液于100mL容量瓶中,加水定容至刻度线(即100μg/mL的葡萄糖标准溶液),分别吸取0.2mL、0.4mL、0.6mL、0.8mL、1.0mL葡萄糖标准溶液置于干燥洁净的试管中,补水至1mL,空白对照为1mL水。所有试管分别加入6%的苯酚1mL,浓硫酸5mL,摇匀放置5min,100℃沸水浴加热15min后,取出冷却至室温,以蒸馏水组做空白对照,置于紫外可见分光光度计,于490nm处测其吸光度,并绘制标准曲线,如图1所示,线性回归方程为:y=0.0087x+0.0061,R=0.0087,葡萄糖浓度x与吸光度值y呈良好的线性关系。
样品中多糖含量测定方法:向实施例2制备得到的多糖粉末中加入50ml水溶解,从中吸取一定体积的多糖溶液,稀释50倍,即获得一定浓度的多糖样品液。吸取样品液1.0mL,按上述步骤操作,以蒸馏水组做空白对照,记录吸光度值,做三次平行试验,并将吸光度值代入上述标准曲线回归方程,即为样品的多糖含量。根据稀释浓度换算得多糖重量,多糖重量(mg)=250×(吸光值-0.0061)/0.87。葡萄糖标准曲线:y=0.0087x+0.0061,多糖浓度x=(y-0.0061)/0.0087ug/ml;由于在测定前,多糖溶液稀释了50倍,所以实际的多糖浓度为x=50(y-0.0061)/0.0087ug/ml=5(y-0.0061)/0.87mg/ml,因此50ml多糖溶液中多糖的重量为250(y-0.0061)/0.87mg。
多糖得率(%)=多糖重量(g)/样品干重(g)×100%
用分离出的7株纳豆菌:BN-A、BN-B、BN-C、BN-D、BN-E、BN-F、BN-G,分别发酵5g菲律宾蛤仔,5g菲律宾蛤仔经烘干后测得干重为1.207g,即样品干重为1.207g。
各个菌株在4个发酵周期中产生多糖的量如图2-8所示,BN-A在36h时得率最高,达到21.13%;BN-B在60h时得率最高,达到27.06%;BN-C在48h时得率最高,达到19.76%;BN-D在60h时得率最高,达到19.78%;BN-E在48h时得率最高,达到22.65%;BN-F在48h时得率最高,达到23.35%;BN-G在48h时得率最高,达到24.06%;由此可见,BN-G在各个时间段内发酵产生多糖的量均较高。
实施例4癌细胞体外抑制活性实验
处于对数生长期的Hela、HepG2、HCT116、A-549细胞(来源于中国科学院上海细胞库)分别以4000,4000,5000,4000个/孔(180μL/孔)接种于96孔板,培养24h后,加入一定浓度的7种多糖溶液,使糖的终浓度达到100μg/mL或500μg/mL,每个样品3个复孔。以1μM阿霉素作为阳性对照。药物作用72h后,每孔加入50%(m/v)冰冷的三氯乙酸(TCA)固定细胞,SRB染色后加入150μL/孔的Tris溶液,于酶标仪上测定540nm处的OD值。
肿瘤细胞生长的抑制率按以下公式计算:
抑制率=[(OD540对照孔-OD540给药孔)/OD540对照孔]×100%
RPP对人肺癌A-549细胞增殖的抑制作用结果如图9所示,多糖浓度为100μg/mL的7种粗多糖样品对人肺癌A-549细胞的抑制率均在30%以上,其中RPPF达到47.31%,RPPD、RPPF和RPPG三种多糖的抑制率也均较高。因此,RPP对A-549细胞的增殖抑制活性较为明显。
RPP对人结肠癌HCT116细胞增殖的抑制作用如图10所示,多糖浓度为500μg/mL的7种粗多糖溶液对人结肠癌HCT116细胞均有微弱的增殖抑制作用,但抑制程度并不明显。
RPP对人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖的抑制作用如图11所示,多糖浓度为500μg/mL的7种粗多糖样品,除RPPG对人宫颈癌Hela细胞增殖抑制率达到21.56%,其他6种多糖对癌细胞抑制程度均不明显。
RPP对人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用如图12所示,多糖浓度为500μg/mL的7种粗多糖溶液对人肝癌HepG2细胞均有一定程度的增殖抑制作用,其中RPPG对HepG2的抑制率高达45.79%。
综合上述实例,可见由BN-G发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备得到的活性多糖的产糖量最高,且对人肝癌HepG2细胞的抑制率最好,将BN-G命名为枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2,Bacillussubtilis subsp.natto PS-I-HepG2,并进行保藏,保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M2018080;保藏单位为中国典型培养物保藏中心,位于中国,武汉,武汉大学;Bacillussubtilis subsp.natto PS-I-HepG2为芽孢杆菌属,枯草芽孢杆菌种,纳豆菌亚种,Bacillussubtilis subsp.natto;BN-G形成的脱脂牛奶平板蛋白溶解圈如图13所示;对BN-G进行系统发育树分析,结果如图14所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2的保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2018080。
2.根据权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2的筛选方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)称取0.1~0.5g纳豆于10~50mL生理盐水中,振荡40~70min,将菌悬液在70~90℃恒温水浴锅中加热5~15min后,迅速冷却至室温,得到原始菌液;
(2)将原始菌液稀释后涂布平板,在37℃恒温培养箱中倒置培养24h,每处理至少设3个平行;
(3)观察菌落生长情况,选择菌落分布均匀、菌落数介于30~80的平板,挑取不同菌落形态的单菌落进行革兰氏染色,显微镜下观察;
(4)反复纯化,直到获得纯种;
(5)利用纳豆芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的特性,将分离到的单菌落分别点接到牛奶培养基上,每株菌作至少3个平行,37℃培养观察水解圈形成情况;
(6)选取水解圈与菌落直径比大的菌落进行镜检、纯化,在牛肉膏蛋白胨斜面划线,培养,4℃保藏备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2在发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖中的应用。
4.枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔所得发酵物以及利用发酵物制备的活性多糖具有抗肿瘤活性。
5.枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔所得发酵物以及利用发酵物制备的活性多糖用于制备抗肿瘤功能性食品。
6.枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖的方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)菲律宾蛤仔预处理:选取鲜活蛤仔,经清水吐沙后于蒸锅中微蒸,待外壳张开后取肉、打成匀浆;
(2)种子菌悬液的制备:将保藏的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2菌种活化,从斜面上挑1~2环菌种接种到装有种子液体培养基的三角瓶中,于30~40℃,160~230r/min下摇床培养18~24h,制得种子菌悬液;
(3)发酵:按照料液比为1:2~1:5的比例在蛤仔肉中加入蒸馏水,高温灭菌后接入1%~9%的步骤(2)制备的种子菌悬液;置于34~45℃恒温箱中摇床发酵24~72h;
(4)浸提;
(5)醇沉、除蛋白;
(6)超滤;
(7)冻干:将超滤得到的糖溶液冷冻干燥,得到菲律宾蛤仔多糖粉末。
7.根据权利要求6所述的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)浸提的步骤如下:向步骤(3)的发酵物中加入发酵液体积4~5倍的蒸馏水,在65~75℃条件下浸提4~8h,离心,取上清液,备用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)醇沉、除蛋白的步骤如下:将步骤(4)所述上清液旋转蒸发至原体积的1/3~1/5,加入5~8体积的95%乙醇,进行醇沉,4~8℃冰箱中放置过夜,次日取出,倾倒上层乙醇溶液,4000~6000r/min离心15~25min收集沉淀,将所得沉淀溶于水,再加乙醇沉淀,重复操作两次,离心分离,收集沉淀物;Sevag法除蛋白。
9.根据权利要求8所述的枯草芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种PS-I-HepG2发酵菲律宾蛤仔制备活性多糖的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)超滤的步骤如下:采用5KD的膜超滤3~5次除去无机盐离子和小分子肽类,并进行浓缩。
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CN113491707A (zh) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-10-12 | 青岛大学 | 一种活性多糖在制备增强免疫力药物、药物组合物或保健食品中的应用 |
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