CN108368217B - 恶嗪化合物、组合物及固化物 - Google Patents
恶嗪化合物、组合物及固化物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108368217B CN108368217B CN201680072202.4A CN201680072202A CN108368217B CN 108368217 B CN108368217 B CN 108368217B CN 201680072202 A CN201680072202 A CN 201680072202A CN 108368217 B CN108368217 B CN 108368217B
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- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazin-4-amine Chemical compound N=C1C=CN=NN1 QQOWHRYOXYEMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic anhydride Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 SRPWOOOHEPICQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D265/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D265/04—1,3-Oxazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-oxazines
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有特定结构的恶嗪化合物,其特征在于,具有:芳香环结构、和多个特定的具有碳‑碳间三键结构的基团。另外,本发明还提供含有本发明的具有特定结构的恶嗪化合物的组合物、含有该组合物的固化物、具有该固化物层的层叠体。另外,本发明还提供以包含含有本发明的恶嗪化合物的组合物为特征的耐热材料用组合物及电子材料用组合物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及耐热性、介电特性、低吸湿性优异的恶嗪化合物、和含有该恶嗪化合物的组合物、固化物、层叠体。另外,还涉及含有该恶嗪化合物的耐热材料及耐热构件、电子材料及电子构件。
背景技术
半导体密封材料、多层印刷电路板用绝缘层等中使用的电子部件用树脂材料使用环氧树脂、氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺-三嗪树脂、苯并恶嗪树脂等各种树脂,但近年来,在各种用途、尤其最尖端的电子材料用途中,要求耐热性、介电特性等性能的进一步提高、及兼备它们并且也表现低吸湿性的材料、组合物。
其中,对于通过将酚类化合物和胺化合物、甲醛组合能够简便地制备的苯并恶嗪,通过加热,自身会发生开环聚合,由于其交联结构中形成的牢固的氢键结构,表现出高耐热性、低线膨胀性,因此近年来不仅研究在上述电子材料中的用途,而且作为面向以SiC功率半导体为代表的新一代器件的树脂材料也受到关注。
作为以往的苯并恶嗪,专利文献1、专利文献2中公开了由双酚F、双酚A等二官能酚类和苯胺形成的苯并恶嗪。但是,使用它们时,在恶嗪的开环时源自苯胺的成分作为分解气体而产生,因此对于作为长期热耐久性的指标的耐热分解性,达不到近年所要求的水平,因此强烈期望进一步的改良、性能的提高。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平11-12258号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2000-169456号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的课题在于,提供耐热分解性优异、并且介电特性及低吸湿性优异的新的恶嗪化合物。另外,还在于提供含有该新的恶嗪化合物的组合物、固化物、含有该固化物的层叠体。另外,还在于提供含有该新的恶嗪化合物的耐热材料及电子材料。
用于解决问题的方案
本发明人等进行深入研究,结果发现如下的恶嗪化合物能解决上述课题,所述恶嗪化合物的特征在于,具有:芳香环结构、和多个特定的具有碳-碳间三键结构的基团。
即,本发明通过提供如下的恶嗪化合物来解决上述课题,所述恶嗪化合物的特征在于,具有通式(1)的结构,还具有至少2个以上各自独立的通式(2)所示的官能团R1。
(式(1)中,Ar1表示取代或无取代的芳香族基团,环A表示取代或无取代的芳香环,
式(1)的化合物还任选具有碳数1~3的烷基、取代或无取代的芳香族基团。)
(式(2)中,X1、X2、Y1各自独立地表示单键或2价的连结基团,R2表示氢原子、烃基、或烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、卤素原子中的任意者取代而成的烃基,a1表示为与前述恶嗪化合物(1)的键合点。)
另外本发明提供含有本发明的恶嗪化合物的组合物、含有该组合物的固化物、具有该固化物层的层叠体。另外,本发明还提供特征在于包含含有本发明的恶嗪化合物的组合物的耐热材料用组合物、及电子材料用组合物。
发明的效果
本发明的恶嗪化合物由于其固化物的耐热分解性、介电特性及低吸湿性优异,因此可适当地用于耐热构件、电子构件。特别是可适当地用于半导体密封材料、电路板、积层薄膜、积层基板等。另外,也可适当地用于纤维强化树脂的基质树脂,特别适合作为高耐热性的预浸料。
具体实施方式
<恶嗪化合物>
本发明的恶嗪化合物的特征在于,具有通式(1)的结构、还具有至少2个以上各自独立的通式(2)所示的官能团R1。
(式(1)中,Ar1表示取代或无取代的芳香族基团,环A表示取代或无取代的芳香环,
式(1)的化合物还任选具有碳数1~3的烷基、取代或无取代的芳香族基团。)
(式(2)中,X1、X2、Y1各自独立地表示单键或2价的连结基团,R2表示氢原子、烃基、或烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、卤素原子中的任意者取代而成的烃基,a1表示为与前述恶嗪化合物(1)的键合点。)
式(1)中,对官能团R1的键合部位没有特别限定,可以2个以上键合于恶嗪环部分,可以2个以上键合于环A,也可以分别键合于恶嗪环及环A。另外,也可以键合于式(1)中的芳香族基团Ar1。
作为优选的结构,从提高耐热性的方面出发,优选官能团R1分别键合在式(1)中的芳香族基团Ar1和环A上。具体而言,为下述式(1-1)所示的结构。
(式(1-1)中,R1各自独立地为前述通式(2)或(3)所示的官能团,R3及R4各自独立地表示氢原子、碳数1~3的烷基、取代或无取代的芳香族基团。)
式(1)所示的恶嗪化合物中,碳原子具有的氢原子可以被取代。被取代的情况下,优选为碳数1~3的烷基、取代或无取代的芳香族基团。对氢原子被取代的部位没有特别限定。
<官能团R1>
本发明中,官能团R1为具有碳-碳间三键结构的基团,具体而言为前述式(2)所示的基团。本发明的恶嗪化合物进行源自恶嗪环的开环聚合的固化反应和源自碳-碳间三键的聚合反应的固化反应这2种固化,因此在固化时形成紧密的交联结构,因此耐热性、特别是耐热分解温度大幅提高。这是因为,尤其是本发明的恶嗪化合物的特征在于具有2个以上的官能团R1,其通过进行多官能化,固化物形成更紧密的三维交联,耐热性更进一步提高。
官能团R1为前述式(2)所示的基团,在式(1)中存在2个以上,官能团R1的结构可以各自不同也可以相同。
(式(2)中,X1、X2、Y1各自独立地表示单键或2价的连结基团,R2表示氢原子、烃基、或烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、卤素原子中的任意者取代而成的烃基,a1表示为与前述恶嗪化合物(1)的键合点。)
作为前述式(2)中的X1、X2、Y1各自中的2价的连结基团,可列举出氧原子、2价的烃基、或2价的烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、或卤素原子取代而成的2价基团、羰基(-CO-基)、酯基(-COO-基)、酰胺基(-CONH-基)、亚氨基(-C=N-基)、偶氮基(-N=N-基)、硫醚基(-S-基)、磺基(-SO3-基)、及将这些基团组合而成的2价的连结基团等。
作为2价的烃基,可列举出亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、环亚烷基、亚芳基、亚芳烷基(具有亚烷基及亚芳基的2价的基团)等。
作为亚烷基,可列举出亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚戊基、亚己基等。
作为亚烯基,可列举出亚乙烯基、1-甲基亚乙烯基、亚丙烯基、亚丁烯基、亚戊烯基等。
作为亚炔基,可列举出亚乙炔基、亚丙炔基、亚丁炔基、亚戊炔基、亚己炔基等。
作为环亚烷基,可列举出环亚丙基、环亚丁基、环亚戊基、环亚己基等。
作为亚芳基,可列举出亚苯基、亚甲苯基(tolylene group)、苯二亚甲基、亚萘基等。
作为亚芳烷基,可列举出具有亚烷基和亚芳基的碳数7~20的亚芳烷基等。
表示烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、或卤素原子取代而成的2价基团的情况下,可列举出含羟基的亚烷基、含烷氧基的亚烷基、卤化亚烷基、含羟基的亚烯基、含烷氧基的亚烯基、卤化亚烯基、含羟基的亚炔基、含烷氧基的亚炔基、卤化亚炔基、含羟基的环亚烷基、含烷氧基的环亚烷基、卤化环亚烷基、含羟基的亚芳基、含烷氧基的亚芳基、卤化亚芳基、含羟基的亚芳烷基、含烷氧基的亚芳烷基、卤化亚芳烷基。
作为含羟基的亚烷基,可列举出羟基亚乙基、羟基亚丙基等。作为含烷氧基的亚烷基,可列举出甲氧基亚乙基、甲氧基亚丙基、烯丙氧基亚甲基、烯丙氧基亚丙基、炔丙氧基亚甲基、炔丙氧基亚丙基等。作为卤化亚烷基,可列举出氯亚甲基、氯亚乙基、氯亚丙基、溴亚甲基、溴亚乙基、溴亚丙基、氟亚甲基、氟亚乙基、氟亚丙基等。
作为含羟基的亚烯基,可列举出羟基亚丁烯基、羟基亚戊烯基等。作为含烷氧基的亚烯基,可列举出甲氧基亚丁烯基、乙氧基亚己烯基等。作为卤化亚烯基,可列举出氯亚丙烯基、溴亚戊烯基等。
作为含羟基的亚炔基,可列举出羟基亚戊炔基、羟基亚己炔基等。作为含烷氧基的亚炔基,可列举出乙氧基亚己炔基、甲氧基亚庚炔基等。作为卤化亚炔基,可列举出氯亚己炔基、氟亚辛炔基等。
作为含羟基的环亚烷基,可列举出羟基环亚己基等。作为含烷氧基的环亚烷基,可列举出甲氧基环亚戊基等。作为卤化环亚烷基,可列举出二氯环亚戊基等。
作为含羟基的亚芳基,可列举出羟基亚苯基等。作为含烷氧基的亚芳基,可列举出甲氧基亚苯基、乙氧基亚苯基、烯丙氧基亚苯基、炔丙氧基亚苯基等。作为卤化亚芳基,可列举出氯苯基、溴苯基、氟苯基、氯萘基、溴萘基、氟萘基等。
除上述以外,X1、X2、Y1各自中的2价的连结基团还可以为含不饱和烃基的亚芳基。作为含不饱和烃基的亚芳基,可列举出乙烯基亚苯基、烯丙基亚苯基、乙炔基亚苯基、炔丙基亚苯基等。
前述式(2)中,对于Y1,优选为单键、选自氧原子、亚烷基、亚芳烷基的组中的任意连结基团。
作为X1、X2、Y1各自中的2价的连结基团,优选为单键或2价的烃基或氧原子,作为2价的烃基,优选亚烷基、亚芳基。作为特别优选的组合,是X1为单键或亚苯基、X2为亚甲基(-CH2-)、Y1为氧原子的情况。
作为前述式(2),优选可列举出以下的结构。
(式(2-3)中,R5表示氢原子、烃基、或烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、卤素原子中的任意者取代而成的烃基。
特别优选式(2)为具有炔丙基醚基的(2-2)、(2-3)的情况、R4为氢原子的情况。特别是炔丙基醚基与芳香环键合的情况下,推测炔丙基醚基发生反应而形成含有双键的环状结构。推测该含有双键的环状结构彼此进一步进行反应,由此形成紧密的交联结构,因此耐热性提高。
<Ar1、环A>
前述式(1)的化合物中,Ar1表示取代或无取代的芳香族基团,具体而言可列举出亚苯基、亚萘基、包含蒽骨架、菲骨架的亚芳基等。
环A表示取代或无取代的芳香环。作为芳香环,具体而言可列举出苯环、萘环、蒽环、菲环等。
作为本发明的恶嗪化合物,优选的结构为以下的式(1-a)~(1-c)所示的化合物。
更具体而言,为以下的式(1-d)~(1-g)所示的化合物。
其中,特别优选的结构为式(1-d)、(1-g)所示的化合物。
<恶嗪化合物的制造方法>
本发明的恶嗪化合物可以通过使分子骨架中导入有反应性官能团的酚类化合物、同样导入有反应性官能团的芳香族氨基化合物与甲醛反应来获得。作为反应性官能团,可列举出乙炔基、炔丙氧基等。作为导入有反应性官能团的酚类化合物,可列举出2-炔丙氧基苯酚、3-炔丙氧基苯酚、4-炔丙氧基苯酚、4’-炔丙氧基-4-联苯酚、4’-炔丙氧基-3-联苯酚、4’-炔丙氧基-2-联苯酚、2-炔丙氧基-1-萘酚、3-炔丙氧基-1-萘酚、4-炔丙氧基-1-萘酚、5-炔丙氧基-1-萘酚、6-炔丙氧基-1-萘酚、7-炔丙氧基-1-萘酚、8-炔丙氧基-1-萘酚、1-炔丙氧基-2-萘酚、3-炔丙氧基-2-萘酚、6-炔丙氧基-2-萘酚、7-炔丙氧基-2-萘酚等。作为导入有反应性官能团的芳香族氨基化合物,可列举出2-炔丙氧基苯胺、3-炔丙氧基苯胺、4-炔丙氧基苯胺、4’-炔丙氧基联苯-4-胺、4’-炔丙氧基联苯-3-胺、4’-炔丙氧基联苯-2-胺、2-炔丙氧基-1-氨基萘、3-炔丙氧基-1-氨基萘、4-炔丙氧基-1-氨基萘、5-炔丙氧基-1-氨基萘、6-炔丙氧基-1-氨基萘、7-炔丙氧基-1-氨基萘、8-炔丙氧基-1-氨基萘、1-炔丙氧基-2-氨基萘、3-炔丙氧基-2-氨基萘、6-炔丙氧基-2-氨基萘、7-炔丙氧基-2-氨基萘等。对于反应,例如可以使导入有反应性官能团的酚类化合物、导入有反应性官能团的芳香族氨基化合物与甲醛在50~100℃的温度条件下进行反应,在反应结束后将水层和有机层分离,然后从有机层中将有机溶剂减压干燥等,从而得到恶嗪化合物。
另外,甲醛可以以作为溶液状态的福尔马林、或作为固体状态的多聚甲醛中的任意形态使用。
<树脂组合物>
本发明的树脂组合物含有本发明的恶嗪化合物。
将本发明的树脂组合物固化而得到的固化物的耐热分解性优异、并且介电特性及低吸湿性优异,因此可适当地用于耐热构件、电子构件。
<反应性化合物>
本发明的树脂组合物可以具有除本发明的恶嗪化合物以外的配混物。
例如,可以具有除本发明的恶嗪化合物以外的反应性化合物。此处所说的反应性化合物是指具有反应性基团的化合物,可以为单体、可以为低聚物、也可以为聚合物。
作为反应性基团,可以为不与本发明的恶嗪化合物反应的官能团、也可以为与本发明的恶嗪化合物反应的官能团,为了进一步提高耐热性,优选为与本发明的恶嗪化合物反应的官能团。
作为与本发明的恶嗪化合物反应的官能团,例如可列举出环氧基、氰酸酯基、马来酰亚胺基、酚羟基。
作为具有环氧基的化合物,例如可列举出环氧树脂、苯氧基树脂。
作为具有氰酸酯基的化合物,可列举出氰酸酯树脂。
作为具有马来酰亚胺基的化合物,可列举出马来酰亚胺树脂、双马来酰亚胺化合物。作为具有酚羟基的化合物,可列举出酚醛树脂、酚类化合物。
上述的反应性化合物可以仅具有一种反应性基团,也可以具有多种,官能团数可以为1个,也可以为多个。
作为优选的反应性化合物,可列举出环氧树脂、苯氧基树脂、氰酸酯树脂、马来酰亚胺化合物、酚类化合物、除通过本发明得到的恶嗪化合物以外的恶嗪化合物等。
作为环氧树脂,只要具有环氧基,就没有特别限定,例如可列举出双酚A型环氧树脂、双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚E型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂、双酚硫醚(bisphenolsulfide)型环氧树脂、亚苯基醚型环氧树脂、亚萘基醚型环氧树脂、联苯型环氧树脂、四甲基联苯型环氧树脂、三联苯型环氧樹脂、多羟基萘型环氧树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、三苯酚基(phenylol)甲烷型环氧树脂、四苯酚基甲烷型环氧树脂、四苯酚基乙烷型环氧树脂、二环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应型环氧树脂、苯酚芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、萘酚芳烷基型环氧树脂、联苯芳烷基型环氧树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、亚萘基醚型环氧树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂型环氧树脂、联苯改性酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、蒽型环氧树脂等。它们可以分别单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
苯氧基树脂优选为基于联苯酚和环氧氯丙烷等环氧卤丙烷的高分子量热塑性聚醚树脂、且重均分子量为20000~100000。作为苯氧基树脂的结构,例如可列举出具有选自双酚A骨架、双酚F骨架、双酚S骨架、双酚苯乙酮骨架、酚醛清漆骨架、联苯骨架、芴骨架、二环戊二烯骨架、降冰片烯骨架、萘骨架、蒽骨架、金刚烷骨架、萜骨架、三甲基环己烷骨架中的1种以上的骨架的结构。
作为氰酸酯树脂,例如可列举出双酚A型氰酸酯树脂、双酚F型氰酸酯树脂、双酚E型氰酸酯树脂、双酚S型氰酸酯树脂、双酚硫醚型氰酸酯树脂、亚苯基醚型氰酸酯树脂、亚萘基醚型氰酸酯树脂、联苯型氰酸酯树脂、四甲基联苯型氰酸酯树脂、多羟基萘型氰酸酯树脂、苯酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、三苯基甲烷型氰酸酯树脂、四苯基乙烷型氰酸酯树脂、二环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应型氰酸酯树脂、苯酚芳烷基型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚芳烷基型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂型氰酸酯树脂、联苯改性酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂、蒽型氰酸酯树脂等。它们可以分别单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
这些氰酸酯树脂之中,特别是从得到耐热性优异的固化物的方面出发,优选使用双酚A型氰酸酯树脂、双酚F型氰酸酯树脂、双酚E型氰酸酯树脂、多羟基萘型氰酸酯树脂、亚萘基醚型氰酸酯树脂、酚醛清漆型氰酸酯树脂,从得到介电特性优异的固化物的方面出发,优选二环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应型氰酸酯树脂。
作为马来酰亚胺化合物,例如可列举出下述结构式(i)~(iii)中的任意者所示的各种化合物等。
(式中R为m价的有机基团,α及β各自为氢原子、卤素原子、烷基、芳基中的任意者,s为1以上的整数。)
(式中R为氢原子、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、卤素原子、羟基、烷氧基中的任意者,s为1~3的整数,t为重复单元的平均值、为0~10。)
(式中R为氢原子、烷基、芳基、芳烷基、卤素原子、羟基、烷氧基中的任意者,s为1~3的整数,t为重复单元的平均值、为0~10。)它们可以分别单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为含酚羟基的化合物,只要具有酚羟基,就没有特别限定,例如可列举出双酚A、双酚F、双酚E、双酚S、双酚硫醚、二羟基二苯基醚、羟基聚亚苯基醚化合物、羟基亚萘基醚化合物、联苯酚、四甲基联苯酚、三联苯二醇、多羟基萘、苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆树脂、三苯酚基甲烷、四苯酚基甲烷、四苯酚基乙烷、二环戊二烯-苯酚加成反应产物、苯酚芳烷基化合物、羟基联苯芳烷基化合物、萘酚酚醛清漆化合物、萘酚芳烷基化合物、萘酚-苯酚共缩酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩酚醛清漆树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚类化合物、联苯改性酚醛树脂(用双亚甲基连结苯酚核而得到的多元苯酚化合物)、联苯改性萘酚树脂(用双亚甲基连结苯酚核而得到的多元萘酚化合物)、氨基三嗪改性酚醛树脂(用三聚氰胺、苯并胍胺等连接苯酚核而得到的多元苯酚化合物)、含烷氧基的芳香环改性酚醛清漆树脂(用甲醛连结苯酚核及含烷氧基的芳香环而得到的多元苯酚化合物)等多元酚化合物、羟基蒽等。它们可以分别单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为除通过本发明得到的恶嗪化合物以外的恶嗪化合物,没有特别限制,例如可列举出双酚F和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物(F-a型苯并恶嗪树脂)、4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷和福尔马林和苯酚的反应产物(P-d型苯并恶嗪树脂)、双酚A和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、二羟基二苯基醚和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、二氨基二苯基醚和福尔马林和苯酚的反应产物、二环戊二烯-苯酚加成型树脂和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、酚酞和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物、二羟基二苯基硫醚和福尔马林和苯胺的反应产物等。它们可以分别单独使用,也可以组合使用2种以上。
<填料>
本发明的组合物除了恶嗪化合物以外,还可以含有填料。作为填料,可列举出无机填料和有机填料。作为无机填料,例如可列举出无机微粒。
作为无机微粒,例如,作为耐热性优异的无机微粒,为氧化铝、氧化镁(magnesia)、氧化钛、氧化锆、二氧化硅(石英、气相二氧化硅、沉降性二氧化硅、无水硅酸、熔融二氧化硅、结晶性二氧化硅、超微粉无定型二氧化硅等)等;作为热传导优异的无机微粒,为氮化硼、氮化铝、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化镁、氧化锌、氧化硅等;作为导电性优异的无机微粒,为使用了金属单质或合金(例如,铁、铜、镁、铝、金、银、铂、锌、锰、不锈钢等)的金属填料和/或金属被覆填料;作为阻隔性优异的无机微粒,为云母、粘土、高岭土、滑石、沸石、硅灰石、蒙脱石等矿物等、钛酸钾、硫酸镁、海泡石、硬硅钙石、硼酸铝、碳酸钙、氧化钛、硫酸钡、氧化锌、氢氧化镁;作为折射率高的无机微粒,为钛酸钡、氧化锆、氧化钛等;作为显示光催化性的无机微粒,为钛、铈、锌、铜、铝、锡、铟、磷、碳、硫、铊、镍、铁、钴、银、钼、锶、铬、钡、铅等光催化金属、前述金属的复合物、它们的氧化物等;作为耐磨耗性优异的无机微粒,为二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆、氧化镁等金属、及它们的复合物及氧化物等;作为导电性优异的无机微粒,为银、铜等金属、氧化锡、氧化铟等;作为绝缘性优异的无机微粒,为二氧化硅等;作为紫外线遮蔽优异的无机微粒,为氧化钛、氧化锌等。
这些无机微粒根据用途进行适时选择即可,可以单独使用,也可以组合使用多种。另外,上述无机微粒除了例子中举出的特性以外还具有各种特性,因此根据用途适时选择即可。
例如使用二氧化硅作为无机微粒的情况下,没有特别限定,可以使用粉末状的二氧化硅、胶体二氧化硅等公知的二氧化硅微粒。作为市售的粉末状的二氧化硅微粒,例如可列举出NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.制AEROSIL 50、200、旭硝子株式会社制SHIELDEX H31、H32、H51、H52、H121、H122、日本シリカ工業(株)制E220A、E220、FUJI SILYSIA CHEMICALLTD.制SYLYSIA470、日本板硝子株式会社制SGフレ-ク等。
另外,作为市售的胶体二氧化硅,例如可列举出日产化学工业株式会社制甲醇二氧化硅溶胶、IPA-ST、MEK-ST、NBA-ST、XBA-ST、DMAC-ST、ST-UP、ST-OUP、ST-20、ST-40、ST-C、ST-N、ST-O、ST-50、ST-OL等。
可以使用进行了表面修饰的二氧化硅微粒,例如可列举出对前述二氧化硅微粒用具有疏水性基团的反应性硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理而成者、用具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物进行修饰而成者。作为用具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物进行了修饰的市售的粉末状的二氧化硅,可列举出NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.制AEROSIL RM50、R711等,作为用具有(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物进行了修饰的市售的胶体二氧化硅,可列举出日产化学工业株式会社制MIBK-SD等。
对前述二氧化硅微粒的形状没有特别限定,可以使用球状、中空状、多孔状、棒状、板状、纤维状、或不定形状的二氧化硅微粒。另外一次粒径优选5~200nm的范围。若不足5nm,则分散体中的无机微粒的分散变得不充分,为超过200nm的粒径时,有无法保持固化物的充分的强度的担心。
作为氧化钛微粒,不仅可以使用体质颜料,还可以使用紫外光应答型光催化剂,例如可以使用锐钛矿型氧化钛、金红石型氧化钛、板钛矿型氧化钛等。进而,对于以在氧化钛的结晶结构中掺杂异种元素而对可见光产生应答的方式设计的颗粒,也可以使用。作为在氧化钛中掺杂的元素,可以适当地使用氮、硫、碳、氟、磷等阴离子元素、铬、铁、钴、锰等阳离子元素。另外,对于形态,可以使用粉末、分散于有机溶剂中或水中而成的溶胶或浆料。作为市售的粉末状的氧化钛微粒,例如可列举出NIPPON AEROSIL CO.,LTD.制AEROSIL P-25、TAYCA CORPORATION制ATM-100等。另外,作为市售的浆料状的氧化钛微粒,例如可列举出TAYCA CORPORATION TKD-701等。
<纤维质基质>
本发明的组合物除了恶嗪化合物以外,还可以含有纤维质基质。对本发明的纤维质基质没有特别限定,优选纤维强化树脂中使用的纤维质基质,可列举出无机纤维、有机纤维。
作为无机纤维,除了碳纤维、玻璃纤维、硼纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维等无机纤维以外,还可列举出碳纤维、活性炭纤维、石墨纤维、玻璃纤维、碳化钨纤维、碳化硅纤维(Silicon Carbide fiber)、陶瓷纤维、氧化铝纤维、天然纤维、玄武岩等矿物纤维、硼纤维、氮化硼纤维、碳化硼纤维、及金属纤维等。作为上述金属纤维,例如可列举出铝纤维、铜纤维、黄铜纤维、不锈钢纤维、钢纤维。
作为有机纤维,可列举出由聚吲哚(polybenzazole)、芳纶、PBO(聚对亚苯基苯并噁唑)、聚苯硫醚、聚酯、亚克力、聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚乙烯醇、聚芳酯等树脂材料形成的合成纤维、纤维素、纸浆、棉、羊毛、丝等天然纤维、蛋白质、多肽、藻酸等再生纤维等。
其中,碳纤维和玻璃纤维由于产业上利用范围广泛,因此优选。这些当中,可以仅使用一种,也可以同时使用多种。
本发明的纤维质基质可以为纤维的集合体,纤维可以连续,也可以为不连续状,可以为织布状,也可以为无纺布状。另外,可以是将纤维沿一个方向排列而成的纤维束,也可以是将纤维束排列而成的片状。另外,可以是纤维的集合体具有厚度的立体形状。
<分散介质>
出于对组合物的固体成分量、粘度进行调整的目的,本发明的组合物可以使用分散介质。作为分散介质,只要为不损害本发明的效果的液态介质即可,可列举出各种有机溶剂、液态有机聚合物等。
作为前述有机溶剂,例如可列举出丙酮、甲乙酮(MEK)、甲基异丁基酮(MIBK)等酮类、四氢呋喃(THF)、二氧戊环等环状醚类、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯等酯类、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族类、卡必醇、溶纤剂、甲醇、异丙醇、丁醇、丙二醇单甲基醚等醇类,它们可以单独使用或组合使用,其中,甲乙酮从涂布时的挥发性、溶剂回收方面出发是优选的。
前述液态有机聚合物是指不直接有助于固化反应的液态有机聚合物,例如,可列举出含羧基的聚合物改性物(FLOWLEN G-900、NC-500:KYOEISHA CHEMICAL Co.,LTD.)、丙烯酸类聚合物(FLOWLEN WK-20:KYOEISHA CHEMICAL Co.,LTD.)、特殊改性磷酸酯的胺盐(HIPLAAD ED-251:楠本化成株式会社)、改性丙烯酸类嵌段共聚物(DISPERBYK2000;BYK公司)等。
<树脂>
另外,本发明的组合物可以具有除恶嗪化合物以外的树脂。作为树脂,只要为不损害本发明的效果的范围,配混公知惯用的树脂即可,例如可以使用热固化性树脂、热塑性树脂。
热固化性树脂是指具有在通过加热或辐射线、催化剂等手段固化时能够变化为实质上不溶且不熔性的特性的树脂。作为其具体例,可列举出酚醛树脂、尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂、苯并胍胺树脂、醇酸树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯树脂、环氧树脂、有机硅树脂、氨基甲酸酯树脂、呋喃树脂、酮树脂、二甲苯树脂、热固化性聚酰亚胺树脂、除通过本发明得到的恶嗪化合物以外的苯并恶嗪树脂等。这些热固化性树脂可以使用1种或组合使用2种以上。
热塑性树脂是指通过加热能熔融成形的树脂。作为其具体例,可列举出聚乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、橡胶改性聚苯乙烯树脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂、丙烯腈-苯乙烯(AS)树脂、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂、丙烯酸类树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂、聚偏氯乙烯树脂、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯树脂、乙烯乙烯醇树脂、乙酸纤维素树脂、离聚物树脂、聚丙烯腈树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚缩醛树脂、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯树脂、聚乳酸树脂、聚亚苯基醚树脂、改性聚亚苯基醚树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂、聚砜树脂、聚苯硫醚树脂、聚醚酰亚胺树脂、聚醚砜树脂、聚芳酯树脂、热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂、聚酰胺酰亚胺树脂、聚醚醚酮树脂、聚酮树脂、液晶聚酯树脂、氟树脂、间同立构聚苯乙烯树脂、环状聚烯烃树脂等。这些热塑性树脂可以使用1种或组合使用2种以上。
<固化剂>
本发明的组合物根据配混物可以使用固化剂,例如,配混具有环氧基的化合物的情况下,可以组合使用胺系固化剂、酰胺系固化剂、酸酐系固化剂、酚类固化剂、氨基三嗪酚醛清漆树脂、活性酯树脂、具有羧基、硫醇等与环氧基反应的官能团的树脂等各种固化剂。
作为胺系固化剂,可列举出二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基乙烷、二氨基二苯基醚、二氨基二苯基砜、邻苯二胺、间苯二胺、对苯二胺、间苯二甲胺、对苯二甲胺、二乙基甲苯二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、异佛尔酮二胺、咪唑、BF3-胺络合物、胍衍生物、胍胺衍生物等。
作为酰胺系固化剂,可列举出由双氰胺、亚麻酸的二聚体和乙二胺合成的聚酰胺树脂等。
作为酸酐系固化剂,可列举出苯二甲酸酐、偏苯三酸酐、均苯四甲酸酐、马来酸酐、四氢苯二甲酸酐、甲基四氢苯二甲酸酐、甲基纳迪克酸酐、六氢苯二甲酸酐、甲基六氢苯二甲酸酐等。
作为酚类固化剂,可列举出双酚A、双酚F、双酚S、间苯二酚、儿茶酚、氢醌、芴双酚、4,4’-联苯酚、4,4’,4”-三羟基三苯基甲烷、萘二醇、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、杯芳烃、苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂、二环戊二烯苯酚加成型树脂、苯酚芳烷基树脂(Xylock树脂)、间苯二酚酚醛清漆树脂所代表的由多元羟基化合物和甲醛合成的多元苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚芳烷基树脂、三羟甲基甲烷树脂、四苯酚基乙烷树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩酚醛清漆树脂、联苯改性酚醛树脂(用双亚甲基连结苯酚核而得到的多元苯酚化合物)、联苯改性萘酚树脂(用双亚甲基连结苯酚核而得到的多元萘酚化合物)、氨基三嗪改性酚醛树脂(用三聚氰胺、苯并胍胺等连接苯酚核而得到的多元苯酚化合物)、含烷氧基的芳香环改性酚醛清漆树脂(用甲醛连结苯酚核及含烷氧基的芳香环而得到的多元苯酚化合物)等多元酚化合物。
这些固化剂可以单独使用也可以组合使用2种以上。
另外,本发明的组合物中包含具有环氧基的化合物的情况下,可以单独使用固化促进剂、或也可以与前述的固化剂组合使用。作为固化促进剂,可以使用促进环氧树脂的固化反应的各种化合物,例如可列举出磷系化合物、叔胺化合物、咪唑化合物、有机酸金属盐、路易斯酸、胺络合盐等。其中,优选使用咪唑化合物、磷系化合物、叔胺化合物,特别是作为半导体密封材料用途使用的情况下,从固化性、耐热性、电气特性、耐湿可靠性等优异的方面出发,对于磷系化合物优选三苯基膦,对于叔胺优选1,8-二氮杂双环-[5.4.0]-十一碳烯(DBU)。
<其它配混物>
本发明的组合物可以具有其它配混物。例如,可列举出催化剂、聚合引发剂、无机颜料、有机颜料、体质颜料、粘土矿物、蜡、表面活性剂、稳定剂、流动调整剂、偶联剂、染料、流平剂、流变控制剂、紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、阻燃剂、增塑剂等。
<固化物>
将本发明的组合物固化而得到的固化物由于耐热分解性、介电特性及低吸湿性优异,因此可以适当地用于耐热构件、电子构件。对固化物的成形方法没有特别限定,可以将组合物单独成形,也可以通过与基材层叠而制成层叠体。
作为层叠体的基材,根据用途适时使用金属、玻璃等无机材料、塑料、木材这样的有机材料等即可,作为层叠体的形状,可以为平板、片状、或具有三维结构,也可以为立体状。可以为在整面或一部分具有曲率的形状等适应于目的的任意形状。另外,对基材的硬度、厚度等也没有限制。另外,可以将本发明的固化物作为基材、进而层叠本发明的固化物。
在电路板、半导体封装基板这样的用途的情况下,优选层叠金属箔,作为金属箔,可列举出铜箔、铝箔、金箔、银箔等,从加工性良好的方面出发,优选使用铜箔。
本发明的层叠体中,对于固化物层,可以通过对基材直接涂布、成形来形成,也可以将已经成形者层叠。直接涂布的情况下,作为涂布方法,没有特别限定,可列举出喷雾法、旋转涂布法、浸渍法、辊涂布法、刮刀涂布法、刮刀辊法、刮刀(doctor blade)法、帘幕涂布法、狭缝涂布法、丝网印刷法、喷墨法等。直接成形的情况下,可列举出模内成形、嵌入成形、真空成形、挤出层压成形、压制成形等。
将成形的组合物层叠的情况下,可以将未固化或经半固化的组合物层层叠后使其固化,也可以对基材层叠使组合物完全固化而成的固化物层。
另外,可以通过对本发明的固化物涂布可成为基材的前体并使其固化来层叠,也可以使可成为基材的前体或本发明的组合物在未固化或半固化的状态下粘接后使其固化。作为可成为基材的前体,没有特别限定,可列举出各种固化性树脂组合物等。
<纤维强化树脂>
本发明的组合物具有纤维质基质、且该纤维质基质为强化纤维的情况下,含有纤维质基质的组合物可以作为纤维强化树脂使用。
对于使组合物含有纤维质基质的方法,只要为不损害本发明的效果的范围,就没有特别限定,可列举出通过混炼、涂布、浸渗、注入、压接等方法将纤维质基质和组合物复合化的方法,可以根据纤维的形态及纤维强化树脂的用途进行适时选择。
对于将本发明的纤维强化树脂成形的方法,没有特别限定。制造板状的制品时,通常为挤出成形法,但通过平面压制也能实现。此外,也可以使用挤出成形法、吹塑成形法、压缩成形法、真空成形法、注射成形法等。另外制造薄膜状的制品时,除了熔融挤出法以外,还可以使用溶液浇铸法,使用熔融成形方法的情况下,可列举出吹胀薄膜成形、浇铸成形、挤出层压成形、压延成形、片成形、纤维成形、吹塑成形、注射成形、旋转成形、被覆成形等。另外,通过活性能量射线进行固化的树脂的情况下,可以使用利用了活性能量射线的各种固化方法来制造固化物。特别是以热固化性树脂为基质树脂的主成分的情况下,可列举出对成形材料进行预浸料化并压制、通过高压釜进行加压加热的成形法,此外,也可列举出RTM(树脂传递模塑,Resin Transfer Molding)成形、VaRTM(真空辅助树脂传递模塑,Vaccumassist Resin Transfer Molding)成形、层叠成形、手糊(hand lay up)成形等。
<预浸料>
本发明的纤维强化树脂可以形成未固化或半固化的被称为预浸料的状态。可以以预浸料的状态使制品流通后,进行最终固化而形成固化物。形成层叠体的情况下,通过在形成预浸料后层叠其它层,然后进行最终固化,能够形成各层密合而成的层叠体,因此优选。
作为此时使用的组合物与纤维质基质的质量比率,没有特别限定,通常,优选以预浸料中的树脂成分成为20~60质量%的方式来制备。
<耐热材料及电子材料>
本发明的恶嗪化合物由于其固化物的耐热分解性、介电特性及低吸湿性优异,因此可以适当地用于耐热构件、电子构件。尤其可以适当地用于半导体密封材料、电路板、积层薄膜、积层基板等。另外,也可以适当地用于纤维强化树脂的基质树脂,特别适合作为高耐热性的预浸料。这样得到的耐热构件、电子构件可以适当地用于各种用途,例如可列举出产业用机械部件、一般机械部件、汽车·铁道·车辆等部件、宇宙·航空关联部件、电子·电气部件、建筑材料、容器·包装构件、生活用品、运动·休闲用品、风力发电用壳体构件等,但不限定于这些。
以下,举出例子对代表性的制品进行说明。
1.半导体密封材料
作为由本发明的组合物得到半导体密封材料的方法,可列举出根据需要使用挤出机、捏合机、辊等将前述组合物、及固化促进剂及无机填充剂等配混剂充分熔融混合至均匀为止的方法。此时,作为无机填充剂,通常使用熔融二氧化硅,但作为功率晶体管、功率IC用高热传导半导体密封材料使用的情况下,使用比熔融二氧化硅热导率高的结晶二氧化硅、氧化铝、氮化硅等为宜,进而将它们高填充化为宜。对于其填充率,优选相对于固化性树脂组合物100质量份以30~95质量%的范围使用无机填充剂,其中,为了实现阻燃性、耐湿性、耐焊接裂纹性的提高、线膨胀系数的降低,更优选70质量份以上、进一步优选为80质量份以上。
2.半导体装置
作为由本发明的固化性树脂组合物获得半导体装置的半导体封装成形,可列举出使用铸塑成形、或传递成形机、注射成形机等将上述半导体密封材料成形,进而在50~250℃下加热2~10小时的方法。
3.印刷电路板
作为由本发明的组合物获得印刷电路板的方法,可列举出通过常规方法层叠上述预浸料并适宜重叠铜箔,在1~10MPa的加压下、在170~300℃加热压接10分钟~3小时的方法。
4.积层基板
由本发明的组合物获得积层基板的方法例如可列举出以下的工序。首先,用喷雾涂布法、帘式涂布法等将适宜配混橡胶、填料等而成的上述组合物涂布于形成有电路的电路板后,使其固化的工序(工序1)。其后,根据需要进行规定的通孔部等的钻孔后,利用粗糙化剂进行处理,对其表面进行热水洗涤,由此形成凹凸,镀覆处理铜等金属的工序(工序2)。根据期望依次重复这样的操作,将树脂绝缘层及规定的电路图案的导体层交替积层而形成积层基板的工序(工序3)。需要说明的是,通孔部的钻孔在最外层的树脂绝缘层的形成后进行。另外,本发明的积层基板也可以如下来制作:在170~300℃下将在铜箔上使该树脂组合物半固化而成的带树脂的铜箔加热压接在形成有电路的布线基板上,由此形成粗糙化面,省略镀覆处理的工序,制作积层基板。
5.积层薄膜
作为由本发明的组合物获得积层薄膜的方法,可以通过在作为基材的支撑薄膜(Y)的表面涂布上述组合物,进而通过加热、或热风吹送等使有机溶剂干燥而形成组合物的层(X)来制造。
作为此处使用的有机溶剂,例如优选使用丙酮、甲乙酮、环己酮等酮类、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、溶纤剂乙酸酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、卡必醇乙酸酯等乙酸酯类、溶纤剂、丁基卡必醇等卡必醇类、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烃类、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等,另外,优选以不挥发成分成为30~60质量%的比率进行使用。
所形成的层(X)的厚度通常为导体层的厚度以上。电路板具有的导体层的厚度通常为5~70μm的范围,因此树脂组合物层的厚度优选具有10~100μm的厚度。需要说明的是,本发明中的上述组合物的层(X)可以被后述的保护薄膜保护。通过用保护薄膜保护,从而能够防止灰尘等在树脂组合物层表面的附着、防止损伤。
前述的支撑薄膜及保护薄膜可列举出聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等聚烯烃、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(以下有时简称为“PET”。)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯等聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、以及脱模纸、铜箔、铝箔等金属箔等。需要说明的是,支撑薄膜及保护薄膜除了消光处理、电晕处理以外,还可以实施脱模处理。对支撑薄膜的厚度没有特别限定,通常为10~150μm,优选以25~50μm的范围使用。另外保护薄膜的厚度优选采用1~40μm。
上述支撑薄膜(Y)在层压于电路板后、或通过加热固化形成绝缘层后被剥离。如果在构成积层薄膜的固化性树脂组合物层进行了加热固化后将支撑薄膜(Y)剥离,则能够防止在固化工序中的灰尘等的附着。在固化后进行剥离的情况下,通常预先对支撑薄膜实施脱模处理。
可以使用如上所述地得到的积层薄膜来制造多层印刷电路板。例如,层(X)被保护薄膜保护的情况下,将它们剥离后,通过例如真空层压法将层(X)以直接接触电路板的方式层压于电路板的单面或双面。层压的方法可以为间歇式,也可以为用辊的连续式。另外根据需要,可以在进行层压前预先对积层薄膜及电路板进行根据需要的加热(预热)。对于层压的条件,优选将压接温度(层压温度)设为70~140℃、优选将压接压力设为1~11kgf/cm2(9.8×104~107.9×104N/m2)、优选在将气压设为20mmHg(26.7hPa)以下的减压下进行层压。
6.导电糊剂
作为由本发明的组合物获得导电糊剂的方法,例如可列举出使导电性颗粒分散于该组合物中的方法。上述导电糊剂可以根据使用的导电性颗粒的种类来制成电路连接用糊剂树脂组合物、各向异性导电粘接剂。
[实施例]
接着,通过实施例、比较例更具体地对本发明进行说明,以下,“份”及“%”只要没有特别说明,就是质量基准。
需要说明的是,1H及13C-NMR、MS谱、IR在以下的条件下进行测定。
1H-NMR:通过JEOL RESONANCE制“JNM-ECA600”进行测定。
磁场强度:600MHz
累积次数:16次
溶剂:DMSO-d6
试样浓度:30质量%
13C-NMR:通过JEOL RESONANCE制“JNM-ECA600”进行测定。
磁场强度:150MHz
累积次数:4000次
溶剂:DMSO-d6
试样浓度:30质量%
FD-MS:使用日本电子株式会社制“JMS-T100GC AccuTOF”进行测定。
测定范围:m/z=50.00~2000.00
变化率:25.6mA/分钟
最终电流值:40mA
阴极电压:-10kV
〔实施例1〕恶嗪化合物(A-1)的合成
在安装有滴液漏斗、温度计、搅拌装置、加热装置、冷凝回流管的4口烧瓶中边流通氮气,边投入4-炔丙氧基苯胺147.2g(1.0摩尔)、4-炔丙氧基苯酚148.2g(1.0摩尔),溶解于甲苯750g后,加入94%多聚甲醛63.9g(2.0摩尔),边进行搅拌边升温至80℃,在80℃下反应7小时。反应后,移至分液漏斗,去除水层。其后在加热减压下从有机层中去除溶剂,得到恶嗪化合物(A-1)239g。
1H-NMR显示出7.04ppm(2H)、6.87ppm(2H)、6.75ppm(2H)、6.62ppm(1H)、5.22ppm(2H)、4.59ppm(4H)、4.51ppm(2H)、2.49ppm(2H)的峰,13C-NMR显示出152.8ppm、151.5ppm、149.0ppm、143.1ppm、121.3ppm、120.5ppm、117.5ppm、115.7ppm、115.0ppm、112.9ppm、80.4ppm、78.8ppm、78.8ppm、75.4ppm、75.4ppm、56.5ppm、56.2ppm、51.1ppm的峰,质谱显示出M+=319的峰,因此确认得到了下述式所示的恶嗪化合物(A-1)。
〔合成例1〕含单炔丙基醚的混合物(C-1)的合成
在安装有滴液漏斗、温度计、搅拌装置、加热装置、冷凝回流管的4口烧瓶中边流通氮气,边投入4,4’-联苯酚400.0g(2.1摩尔)和脱水THF5000mL,进行搅拌溶解。边将反应溶液保持为10℃以下边用1小时分批添加氢化钠(60%,分散于液体石蜡中)85.9g(2.1摩尔)。用1小时恢复到室温后,进行升温成为回流状态。在回流下用1小时滴加炔丙基溴(80%甲苯溶液)319.4g(2.1摩尔)。滴加结束后,在回流下反应24小时。
放冷至室温后,将溴化钠过滤分离,将THF及甲苯减压去除。向残渣中加入乙酸乙酯3600g使其溶解后,使用10%氢氧化钠水溶液1200g,进行3次碱清洗。接着使用离子交换水1800g进行2次水洗。加入硫酸钠干燥后,进行过滤并减压去除乙酸乙酯。在60℃下真空干燥12小时,得到乳白色固体(C-1)76.0g。1H-NMR显示出9.44ppm(1H)、7.51ppm-7.40ppm(4H)、7.01ppm(2H)、6.81ppm(2H)、4.80ppm(2H)、3.55ppm(1H)的峰,13C-NMR显示出156.6ppm、156.0ppm、133.5ppm、130.6ppm、127.3ppm、126.9ppm、115.6ppm、115.5ppm、115.2ppm、79.3ppm、78.1ppm、55.4ppm的峰,确认为作为目标物的含有单炔丙基醚的混合物(C-1)。
<混合物(C-1)的组成>
单炔丙基醚52.1%
二炔丙基醚44.9%
HPLC面积%检测波长254nm
〔合成例2〕含单炔丙基醚的混合物(C-2)的合成
在安装有滴液漏斗、温度计、搅拌装置、加热装置、冷凝回流管的4口烧瓶中边流通氮气,边投入4,4’-联苯酚400.0g(2.1摩尔)和脱水THF 3000mL,进行搅拌溶解。边将反应溶液保持为10℃以下边用1小时分批添加氢化钠(60%,分散于液体石蜡中)43.0g(1.1摩尔)。用1小时恢复到室温后,进行升温成为回流状态。在回流下用1小时滴加炔丙基溴(80%甲苯溶液)159.7g(1.1摩尔)。滴加结束后,在回流下反应24小时。
放冷至室温后,将溴化钠过滤分离,将THF及甲苯减压去除。向残渣中加入乙酸乙酯2000g使其溶解后,使用10%氢氧化钠水溶液1200g,进行3次碱清洗。接着使用离子交换水1800g进行2次水洗。加入硫酸钠干燥后,进行过滤并减压去除乙酸乙酯。在60℃下真空干燥12小时,得到乳白色固体(C-2)98.7g。1H-NMR显示出9.44ppm(1H)、7.51ppm-7.40ppm(4H)、7.01ppm(2H)、6.81ppm(2H)、4.80ppm(2H)、3.55ppm(1H)的峰,13C-NMR显示出156.6ppm、156.0ppm、133.5ppm、130.6ppm、127.3ppm、126.9ppm、115.6ppm、115.5ppm、115.2ppm、79.3ppm、78.1ppm、55.4ppm的峰,确认为作为目标物的含有单炔丙基醚的混合物(C-2)。
<混合物(C-2)的组成>
单炔丙基醚81.7%
二炔丙基醚18.3%
HPLC面积%检测波长254nm
〔实施例2〕恶嗪化合物(A-2)的合成(反应产物A-2-1)
在安装有滴液漏斗、温度计、搅拌装置、加热装置、冷凝回流管的4口烧瓶中边流通氮气,边投入4-炔丙氧基苯胺29.4g(0.2摩尔)、含单炔丙基醚的混合物(C-1)76.0g,溶解于甲苯150g后,加入94%多聚甲醛12.8g(0.4摩尔),边进行搅拌边升温至80℃,在80℃下反应7小时。反应后,移至分液漏斗,去除水层。其后在加热减压下从有机层中去除溶剂,得到含有恶嗪化合物(A-2)的反应产物84.9g。
1H-NMR显示出7.35ppm-7.30ppm(3H)、7.09ppm-7.01ppm(3H)、6.88ppm-6.75ppm(5H)、5.38ppm(2H)、4.67ppm-4.62ppm(6H)、2.49ppm(2H)的峰,13C-NMR显示出171.2ppm、156.3ppm、153.2ppm、151.8ppm、142.3ppm、133.1ppm、132.1ppm、127.2ppm、125.6ppm、125.0ppm、121.6ppm、119.4ppm、116.6ppm、115.6ppm、115.3ppm、80.3ppm、79.9ppm、79.6ppm、78.2ppm、78.0ppm、55.7ppm、49.7ppm的峰,质谱显示出M+=395的峰,因此确认得到了恶嗪化合物A-2的纯度为54%的反应产物(A-2-1)。
〔实施例3〕恶嗪化合物(A-2)的合成(反应产物A-2-2)
将实施例2的混合物(C-1)替换为(C-2),除此以外,进行同样的操作,得到恶嗪化合物A-2的纯度为91%的反应产物(A-2-2)108.3g。
〔比较合成例1〕恶嗪化合物(B-1)的合成
在安装有滴液漏斗、温度计、搅拌装置、加热装置、冷凝回流管的4口烧瓶中边流通氮气,边投入苯胺93.1g(1.0摩尔)、苯酚94.1g(1.0摩尔),溶解于甲苯750g后,加入94%多聚甲醛63.9g(2.0摩尔),边进行搅拌边升温至80℃,在80℃下反应7小时。反应后,移至分液漏斗,去除水层。其后在加热减压下从有机层中去除溶剂,得到恶嗪化合物(B-1)189g。
1H-NMR显示出7.24ppm-7.05ppm(7H)、6.87ppm-6.70ppm(2H)、5.43ppm(2H)、4.64ppm(2H)的峰,13C-NMR显示出154.0ppm、147.8ppm、129.1ppm、127.7ppm、127.2ppm、121.3ppm、120.5ppm、120.5ppm、117.4ppm、116.2ppm、78.4ppm、48.9ppm的峰,质谱显示出M+=211的峰,因此确认得到了下述式所示的恶嗪化合物(B-1)。
〔比较合成例2〕1,4-氢醌二炔丙基醚(B-2)的合成
在安装有滴液漏斗、温度计、搅拌装置、加热装置、冷凝回流管的4口烧瓶中边流通氮气,边投入1,4-氢醌40.0g(0.4摩尔)和丙酮1L,进行搅拌溶解。添加碳酸钾110.5g(0.8摩尔)后,进行升温成为回流状态。在回流下经过30分钟后,用1小时滴加炔丙基溴(80%甲苯溶液)118.8g(0.8摩尔)。滴加结束后,在回流下反应24小时。
放冷至室温后,将碳酸钾过滤分离,将丙酮减压去除。向残渣中加入氯仿200mL使其溶解后,使用离子交换水200mL进行2次水洗。加入硫酸镁干燥后,进行过滤并将氯仿减压去除。进而在80℃下进行12小时真空干燥,得到淡茶色晶体64g。1H-NMR显示出6.93ppm-6.86ppm(4H)、4.70ppm(4H)、3.51ppm(2H)的峰,13C-NMR显示出151.7ppm、115.8ppm、79.4ppm、78.0ppm、55.8ppm的峰,确认为下述式所示的作为目标物的1,4-氢醌二炔丙基醚。
〔实施例4~6、及比较例1~3〕组合物及成形物的制作
将实施例1~3及比较合成例1中得到的恶嗪化合物(A-1、A-2-1、A-2-2、B-1)、比较合成例2中得到的1,4-氢醌二炔丙基醚(B-2)、比较用二氢恶嗪化合物(四国化成株式会社制“P-d型苯并恶嗪”(4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷和福尔马林和苯酚的反应产物))、酚醛树脂(DIC株式会社制“TD-2131”苯酚酚醛清漆树脂)按照表1所示的比例进行配混,制备组合物。
通过对该组合物赋予以下的条件来制作固化物。
<固化物>
固化条件:在170℃下加热固化2小时后、在200℃下加热固化2小时、进而在250℃下加热固化2小时
成型后板厚:2.4mm
按照下述的方法对上述固化物进行各种物性评价。将结果示于表1。
<玻璃化转变温度>
将厚度2.4mm的固化物切成宽5mm、长度54mm的尺寸,将其作为试验片1。对于该试验片1,使用粘弹性测定装置(DMA:Hitachi High-Tech Science Corporation制固体粘弹性测定装置“DMS7100”、变形模式:两端固定弯曲、测定模式:正弦波振动、频率1Hz、升温速度3℃/分钟),将弹性模量变化为最大的(tanδ变化率最大的)温度作为玻璃化转变温度进行评价。
<耐热分解性>
将厚度2.4mm的固化物裁切得细碎,使用热重分析装置(SII NanoTechnologyInc.制“TG/DTA6200”),将升温速度设为5℃/分钟、在氮气气氛下进行测定,求出5%重量减少的温度(Td5)。
[表1]
比较例2中的组合物在上述固化条件下不固化,不能得到可进行物性评价的试验片。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的恶嗪化合物由于其固化物的耐热分解性、介电特性及低吸湿性优异,因此可以适当地用于耐热构件、电子构件。特别是可以适当地用于半导体密封材料、电路板、积层薄膜、积层基板等。另外,也可以适当地用于纤维强化树脂的基质树脂,特别适合作为高耐热性的预浸料。
Claims (18)
1.一种恶嗪化合物,其特征在于,由通式(1-1)所示,
式(1-1)中,Ar1表示取代或无取代的芳香族基团,环A表示取代或无取代的芳香环,R1各自独立地为下述通式(2)所示的官能团,R3及R4各自独立地表示氢原子、碳数1~3的烷基、取代或无取代的芳香族基团,
式(2)中,X1、X2、Y1各自独立地表示单键或2价的连结基团,R2表示氢原子、烃基、或烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、卤素原子中的任意者取代而成的烃基,a1表示为与前述恶嗪化合物的键合点,
作为所述式(2)中的X1、X2、Y1各自表示的2价的连结基团,为氧原子、2价的烃基、或2价的烃基中所含的1个以上氢原子被羟基、烷氧基、或卤素原子取代而成的2价基团、羰基(-CO-)、酯基(-COO-)、酰胺基(-CONH-)、亚氨基、偶氮基(-N=N-)、硫醚基(-S-)、磺基(-SO3-)、及将这些基团组合而成的2价的连结基团,
作为2价的烃基,为亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、环亚烷基、亚芳基、亚芳烷基的2价的基团,
作为亚烷基,为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、亚丁基、亚戊基、亚己基,
作为亚烯基,为亚乙烯基、1-甲基亚乙烯基、亚丙烯基、亚丁烯基、亚戊烯基,
作为亚炔基,为亚乙炔基、亚丙炔基、亚丁炔基、亚戊炔基、亚己炔基,
作为环亚烷基,为环亚丙基、环亚丁基、环亚戊基、环亚己基,
作为亚芳基,为亚苯基、亚甲苯基、苯二亚甲基、亚萘基,
作为亚芳烷基,为具有亚烷基和亚芳基的碳数7~20的亚芳烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的恶嗪化合物,其中,环A为取代或无取代的苯环、取代或无取代的萘环。
3.一种组合物,其特征在于,含有权利要求1或2所述的恶嗪化合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中,还含有反应性化合物。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的组合物,其中,还含有填料。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的组合物,其中,还含有纤维质基质。
7.根据权利要求3或4所述的组合物,其中,还含有填料和纤维质基质。
8.一种固化物,其是将权利要求3~7中任一项所述的组合物固化而成的。
9.一种层叠体,其特征在于,具有基材和权利要求8所述的固化物层。
10.一种耐热材料用组合物,其特征在于,含有权利要求3~7中任一项所述的组合物。
11.一种耐热构件,其特征在于,含有权利要求8所述的固化物。
12.一种电子材料用组合物,其特征在于,含有权利要求3~7中任一项所述的组合物。
13.一种电子构件,其特征在于,含有权利要求8所述的固化物。
14.一种半导体密封材料,其特征在于,含有权利要求3~7中任一项所述的组合物。
15.一种预浸料,其特征在于,包含权利要求6或7所述的含有纤维质基质的组合物。
16.一种电路板,其特征在于,在权利要求15所述的预浸料上还具有铜箔层。
17.根据权利要求9所述的层叠体,其为积层薄膜。
18.一种积层基板,其特征在于,具有权利要求17所述的积层薄膜。
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