CN108273561B - 多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备 - Google Patents
多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,采用蛋白粉和卡波姆添加纳米四氧化三铁,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白;采用燃烧法制备钐掺杂BiOBr粉体;然后,在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,液体石蜡:70~76%,司盘80:4~8%,剧烈搅拌下加入钐掺杂BiOBr粉体:2~5%,超声分散30 min,加入多孔磁性复合蛋白:15~20%,温度升至85±2℃恒温、搅拌、反应60min,温度降低至50±2℃,加入5~8倍液体体积的无水乙醇,搅拌,固液分离,在用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。本发明具有制备方法简单,催化剂稳定性好、可降解和环境友好等特点;催化剂容易回收,其反应条件温和、催化活性高、用量少等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于负载催化剂制备技术领域,特别涉及一种多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备方法及在有机污染物降解中的应用。
背景技术
半导体光催化技术,作为一种新型“绿色化学方法”,在能源转化及环境修复应用中已经得到广泛研究。传统的半导体光催化剂如TiO2和ZnO氧化性强、光诱导性好且已经被广泛应用于水体中各种污染物降解,但由于较宽的带隙( 如TiO2带隙能为3.2 eV) ,只能利用仅占太阳光谱的4%的紫外光,明显限制了其应用。因此,开发新型可见光响应的半导体光催化剂越来越引起人们的重视。近年来,卤氧化铋化合物( BiOX,X = Cl、Br、I) 半导体光催化剂因其优良的可见光响应的光催化活性而引起广泛的关注。卤氧化铋层状结构具有足够的空间来极化相应的原子和原子轨道,空穴与电子能够被诱导偶极矩有效地分离从而降低光生电子空穴的复合率并有效分离和转移。但是BiOBr 较大的禁带宽度同样限制了它对可见光的利用,因此常通过将其与窄禁带半导体复合构建异质结型光催化剂,一方面,窄禁带半导体能够有效地吸收可见光,大大加强对太阳能的利用;另一方面,不同材料复合后形成的异质结可以促进光生载流子的分离,提高其光催化效率。目前,对于BiOBr 光催化剂的研究主要集中于BiOBr 粉末,而对BiOBr /Fe3O4纳米磁性复合结构的制备和光催化活性的研究却鲜有报道。粉末光催化剂具有比表面大、反应速率高、容易制得等特点,但存在分散性不佳、与溶液难分离、难回收等缺点,特别是对具有微纳结构的细小颗粒,因此将催化剂磁性化可回收,有利于固液分离以及重复利用,更加方便用于处理水中有机污染物。
BiOBr具有较大的应用潜力,但其禁带宽度较宽,只能吸收波长≤387nm的光子,无法利用占太阳光能量大部分的可见光。为拓宽BiOBr光催化材料的光响应范围和提高其量子效率,对此类光催化剂进行修饰和改性引起了国内外越来越多学者的关注。主要方法有非金属掺杂、金属掺杂、半导体复合、染料敏化及贵金属表面修饰等。稀土钐元素掺杂BiOBr中可以大大提高太阳光能的利用,吸收波长可达到可见光范围。
负载型催化剂载体的作用,载体可将催化剂固定,克服了悬浮相催化剂粉体易流失、分离回收难的缺点;用载体将粉体催化剂固定,便于对催化剂进行表面修饰并制成各种形状的光催化剂反应容器;将催化剂负载于载体表面,能够避免悬浮项中催化剂的团聚,增加了比表面积,提高利用率。目前文献报道的制备负载型BiOBr光催化剂的较少。
资源短缺和环境污染已经成为当今世界的两大主要问题,因此,利用天然可再生资源,开发环境友好型产品和技术将成为可持续发展的必然趋势。蛋白质是由氨基酸以“脱水缩合”的方式组成的多肽链经过盘曲折叠形成的具有一定空间结构的物质。蛋白质是一种复杂的有机化合物。蛋白质是由一条或多条多肽链组成的生物大分子,每一条多肽链有二十至数百个氨基酸残基(-R)不等;各种氨基酸残基按一定的顺序排列。多个蛋白质可以一起,往往是通过结合在一起形成稳定的蛋白质复合物,折叠或螺旋构成一定的空间结构,从而发挥某一特定功能。蛋白质是天然高分子材料被利用作为载体具有可再生、可降解、环保友好、廉价等优点,是重要的生物资源。
本申请利用蛋白质与聚乙烯醇制备多孔磁性复合蛋白颗粒作为催化剂的载体制备负载型钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂,具有质轻价廉、稳定性好、可降解和环境友好等特点,并且是再生资源,有良好的物理化学稳定性和优异的机械稳定性,可见光催化效率高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备方法。
一种多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)多孔磁性复合蛋白制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,去离子水:70~75%,卡波姆:1~3%,加热搅拌溶解,冷却到室温,加入蛋白粉:10~15%,纳米四氧化三铁:2~5%,超声分散30 min,加入碳酸胺:4~8%,搅拌混合均匀,搅拌,温度升至70℃,滴加卤水:2~5%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,在70±2℃继续恒温放置6 h,冷至室温,固液分离,洗涤,反复冷冻干燥,得到多孔磁性复合蛋白;
(2)钐掺杂BiOBr粉体的制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,4mol/LHNO3:70~75%,Sm2O3:0.5~1.0%,加热溶解,再加入Bi(NO3)3:8~12%,溴化铵:4~8%,丙氨酸乙酯:10~14%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,低温加热,温度在100~120℃之间,蒸发水分,形成黏稠胶体,点燃燃烧,制得膨松的钐掺杂BiOBr粉体;
(3)多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,液体石蜡:70~76%,司盘80:4~8%,剧烈搅拌下加入钐掺杂BiOBr粉体:2~5%,超声分散30 min,加入多孔磁性复合蛋白:15~20%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,温度升至85±2℃恒温、搅拌、反应60min,温度降低至50±2℃,加入5~8倍液体体积的无水乙醇,搅拌,固液分离,在用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。
所制备的多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂中钐掺杂BiOBr的质量百分含量大于2.5%。
本发明的另一目的是将多孔磁性复合蛋白负载铒掺杂BiOCl光催化剂应用到废水中甲基橙、罗丹明B、偶氮类染料、双酚A、有机污染物等的催化降解进行分析评价。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本申请提供的多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂所用的载体是多孔磁性复合蛋白,蛋白质来源广泛,具有质轻价廉、稳定性好、可降解和环境友好等特点,并且是再生资源,在蛋白质种添加卡波姆增加载体的机械强度,所以说该催化剂具有良好的物理化学稳定性和优异的机械稳定性。
(2)本申请采用溶剂热方法制备的多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂操作简单、钐掺杂BiOBr负载率高、颗粒分散均匀、钐掺杂BiOBr不脱落,催化活性高,具有磁性容易分离。
(3)本申请提供的催化剂所用的载体是多孔磁性复合蛋白,其比重轻同时具有吸附作用,在废水处理中使用这种负载型催化剂时可悬浮在水中,采用冷冻干燥使蛋白质形成多孔,增加载体的比表面积,提高了钐掺杂BiOBr的负载量,增加光的照射强度而提高催化剂的催化效率,催化剂中在钐掺杂BiOBr大大提高了太阳光能的利用。
(4)本申请提供的催化剂使用简单、易分离,回收后可重复使用,使用10次以上,催化温和、环境友好的优点,值得进一步推广和深入研究。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)多孔磁性复合蛋白制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:72 mL,卡波姆:2g,加热搅拌溶解,冷却到室温,加入蛋白粉:12g,纳米四氧化三铁:3g,超声分散30 min,加入碳酸胺:7g,搅拌混合均匀,搅拌,温度升至70℃,滴加卤水:4 mL,在70±2℃继续恒温放置6h,冷至室温,固液分离,洗涤,反复冷冻干燥,得到多孔磁性复合蛋白;
(2)钐掺杂BiOBr粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,4mol/L HNO3:72 mL,Sm2O3:0.8g,加热溶解,再加入Bi(NO3)3:10.2g,溴化铵:7g,丙氨酸乙酯:10g,低温加热,温度在100~120℃之间,蒸发水分,形成黏稠胶体,点燃燃烧,制得膨松钐掺杂BiOBr粉体;
(3)多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,液体石蜡:85 mL,司盘80:6g,剧烈搅拌下加入钐掺杂BiOBr粉体:4g,超声分散30 min,加入多孔磁性复合蛋白:17g,温度升至85±2℃恒温、搅拌、反应60min,温度降低至50±2℃,加入五倍液体体积的无水乙醇,搅拌,固液分离,在用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。
实施例2
(1)多孔磁性复合蛋白制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:70 mL,卡波姆:1g,加热搅拌溶解,冷却到室温,加入蛋白粉:15g,纳米四氧化三铁:5g,超声分散30 min,加入碳酸胺:6g,搅拌混合均匀,搅拌,温度升至70℃,滴加卤水:3 mL,在70±2℃继续恒温放置6h,冷至室温,固液分离,洗涤,反复冷冻干燥,得到多孔磁性复合蛋白;
(2)钐掺杂BiOBr粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,4mol/L HNO3:70 mL,Sm2O3:1.0g,加热溶解,再加入Bi(NO3)3:12g,溴化铵:4g,丙氨酸乙酯:13g,低温加热,温度在100~120℃之间,蒸发水分,形成黏稠胶体,点燃燃烧,制得膨松的钐掺杂BiOBr粉体;
(3)多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,液体石蜡:81 mL,司盘80:8g,剧烈搅拌下加入钐掺杂BiOBr粉体:2g,超声分散30 min,加入多孔磁性复合蛋白:20g,温度升至85±2℃恒温、搅拌、反应60min,温度降低至50±2℃,加入五倍液体体积的无水乙醇,搅拌,固液分离,在用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。
实施例3
(1)多孔磁性复合蛋白制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:75 mL,卡波姆:3g,加热搅拌溶解,冷却到室温,加入蛋白粉:10g,纳米四氧化三铁:2g,超声分散30 min,加入碳酸胺:5g,搅拌混合均匀,搅拌,温度升至70℃,滴加卤水:5 mL,在70±2℃继续恒温放置6h,冷至室温,固液分离,洗涤,反复冷冻干燥,得到多孔磁性复合蛋白;
(2)钐掺杂BiOBr粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,4mol/L HNO3:75 mL,Sm2O3:0.5g,加热溶解,再加入Bi(NO3)3:8g,溴化铵:5g,丙氨酸乙酯:11.5g,低温加热,温度在100~120℃之间,蒸发水分,形成黏稠胶体,点燃燃烧,制得膨松的钐掺杂BiOBr粉体;
(3)多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,液体石蜡:87 mL,司盘80:5g,剧烈搅拌下加入钐掺杂BiOBr粉体:5g,超声分散30 min,加入多孔磁性复合蛋白:15g,温度升至85±2℃恒温、搅拌、反应60min,温度降低至50±2℃,加入五倍液体体积的无水乙醇,搅拌,固液分离,在用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。
实施例4
(1)多孔磁性复合蛋白制备:在反应器中,分别加入,去离子水:73 mL,卡波姆:1.5g,加热搅拌溶解,冷却到室温,加入蛋白粉:14g,纳米四氧化三铁:3.5g,超声分散30min,加入碳酸胺:4g,搅拌混合均匀,搅拌,温度升至70℃,滴加卤水:2 mL,在70±2℃继续恒温放置6 h,冷至室温,固液分离,洗涤,反复冷冻干燥,得到多孔磁性复合蛋白;
(2)钐掺杂BiOBr粉体的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,4mol/L HNO3:71 mL,Sm2O3:0.6g,加热溶解,再加入Bi(NO3)3:8.4g,溴化铵:8g,丙氨酸乙酯:12g,低温加热,温度在100~120℃之间,蒸发水分,形成黏稠胶体,点燃燃烧,制得膨松的钐掺杂BiOBr粉体;
(3)多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备:在反应器中,分别加入,液体石蜡:86 mL,司盘80:4g,剧烈搅拌下加入钐掺杂BiOBr粉体:3g,超声分散30 min,加入多孔磁性复合蛋白:19g,温度升至85±2℃恒温、搅拌、反应60min,温度降低至50±2℃,加入五倍液体体积的无水乙醇,搅拌,固液分离,在用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。
实施例5
催化剂活性评价,将100 mL含20mg/L亚甲基蓝,放入250 mL烧杯中,调节溶液的pH值至6.0~8.0之间,加入1.0g多孔磁性复合蛋白负载铒掺杂BiOCl光催化剂,在太阳光下进行催化反应。采用分光光度法分别测定初始溶液的吸光度为A0=0.648,太阳光照射2小时后,吸光度A=0.002,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到99.69%。光降解率以脱色率D(%)表示:D=(A0-A)/A0×100%。而取相同浓度和体积的孔雀石绿的溶液不加催化剂,在相同太阳光下进行催化反应,采用分光光度法分别测定初始溶液的吸光度为A0=0.648,太阳光照射2小时后,吸光度A=0.621,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到4.17%。
实施例6
催化剂活性评价,将100 mL含20mg/L双酚A,放入250 mL烧杯中,用0.5mol/L盐酸调节溶液的pH值至5.0~7.5之间,加入1.0g多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂,在太阳光下进行催化反应。采用紫外分光光度法分别测定初始溶液的吸光度为A0=0.580,太阳光照射2小时后,吸光度A=0.024,双酚A的降解率达到95.86%。光降解率以脱色率D(%)表示:D=(A0-A)/A0×100%。而取相同浓度和体积的双酚A的溶液不加催化剂,在相同太阳光下进行催化反应,采用紫外分光光度法分别测定初始溶液的吸光度为A0=0.580,太阳光照射2小时后,吸光度A=0.566,双酚A的降解率达到2.41%。
Claims (3)
1.一种多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)多孔磁性复合蛋白制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,去离子水:70~75%,卡波姆:1~3%,加热搅拌溶解,冷却到室温,加入蛋白粉:10~15%,纳米四氧化三铁:2~5%,超声分散30min,加入碳酸铵:4~8%,搅拌混合均匀,搅拌,温度升至70℃,滴加卤水:2~5%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,在70±2℃继续恒温放置6h,冷至室温,固液分离,洗涤,反复冷冻干燥,得到多孔磁性复合蛋白;
(2)钐掺杂BiOBr粉体的制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,4mol/L HNO3:70~75%,Sm2O3:0.5~1.0%,加热溶解,再加入Bi(NO3)3:8~12%,溴化铵:4~8%,丙氨酸乙酯:10~14%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,低温加热,温度在100~120℃之间,蒸发水分,形成黏稠胶体,点燃燃烧,制得膨松的钐掺杂BiOBr粉体;
(3)多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备:在反应器中,按如下组成质量百分比加入,液体石蜡:70~76%,司盘80:4~8%,剧烈搅拌下加入钐掺杂BiOBr粉体:2~5%,超声分散30min,加入多孔磁性复合蛋白:15~20%,各组分质量百分比之和为百分之百,温度升至85±2℃恒温、搅拌、反应60min,温度降低至50±2℃,加入5~8倍液体体积的无水乙醇,搅拌,固液分离,再用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥,制得多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备方法所制备的多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂,其特征在于,所述多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂中钐掺杂BiOBr的质量百分含量大于2.5%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂的制备方法所制备的多孔磁性复合蛋白负载钐掺杂BiOBr光催化剂。
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