CN1082461C - 附加加热结构 - Google Patents

附加加热结构 Download PDF

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CN1082461C
CN1082461C CN95195522A CN95195522A CN1082461C CN 1082461 C CN1082461 C CN 1082461C CN 95195522 A CN95195522 A CN 95195522A CN 95195522 A CN95195522 A CN 95195522A CN 1082461 C CN1082461 C CN 1082461C
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cooling
heating device
additional heating
arm
water tank
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CN1160379A (zh
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迪特尔·鲍尔
米歇尔·洪堡
米歇尔·勒莱
沃尔夫冈·普菲斯特
彼得·赖泽
格布哈·施韦策
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J Aiberspace Co Ltd
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
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Behr GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2203—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from burners
    • B60H1/2209—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from burners arrangements of burners for heating an intermediate liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/03—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/032—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant and from a source other than the propulsion plant from the cooling liquid of the propulsion plant and from a burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F02N19/10—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines by heating of engine coolants
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    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/0408—Multi-circuit heat exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D1/0461—Combination of different types of heat exchanger, e.g. radiator combined with tube-and-shell heat exchanger; Arrangement of conduits for heat exchange between at least two media and for heat exchange between at least one medium and the large body of fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2271—Heat exchangers, burners, ignition devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2293—Integration into other parts of a vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2296—Constructional features integration into fluid/air heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/02—Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices
    • F01P11/029—Expansion reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/10—Guiding or ducting cooling-air, to, or from, liquid-to-air heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
    • F01P2005/105—Using two or more pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
    • F01P5/12—Pump-driving arrangements
    • F01P2005/125—Driving auxiliary pumps electrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P11/00—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00
    • F01P11/14—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F01P2011/205—Indicating devices; Other safety devices using heat-accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/04—Lubricant cooler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/04—Lubricant cooler
    • F01P2060/045—Lubricant cooler for transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/18—Heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2070/00—Details
    • F01P2070/50—Details mounting fans to heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/02—Pumping cooling-air; Arrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers
    • F01P5/04—Pump-driving arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0084—Condensers
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0089—Oil coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0091—Radiators
    • F28D2021/0094—Radiators for recooling the engine coolant

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及车辆内燃机冷却介质循环系统一附加加热装置(20，20a，82，83)，所述循环系统包括一个含冷却介质/空气冷却器(1，70)的冷却循环系统和一个含用于乘客室供暖的冷却剂/空气热交换器的加热循环系统。建议将附加加热装置直接设置在冷却剂/空气冷却器上或冷却器中，其优点在于：燃烧器(20)燃料管(21)和排气管(22)位于乘客室外部并且由此不会影响乘客室的舒适和安全性。此外，将附加加热器接入冷却剂附加循环系统中较为简单和经济。

Description

附加加热结构
本发明涉及一种内燃机冷却剂循环系统中的附加加热装置的结构。
由共同申请人的EP-B-0462154中已公开了一在内燃机冷却剂循环系统中的附加加热装置的这种结构。已知的结构中，燃料加热装置和用于乘客室供暖的供暖装置的加热体结合成一体，即加热装置热交换器冷却剂侧部分和加热体水箱流体相连，由此由加热体产生的热量通过废气排进加热体的冷却剂中并直接用于乘客室的供暖。这种结构缺点在于，附加加热装置燃料的输入(系统)和废气的排出(系统)都通过乘客室的或者直接在乘客室边缘部分，这样不太安全。此外燃烧器和燃烧器鼓风机的噪声会对乘客室的舒适性带来影响。
从DE-A3914834中公开了一种附加加热装置，它通过一个燃料燃烧器产生加热并且将附加热量通过两个热交换器供给到冷却剂循环系统中。为此设置了一个本身的接入冷却剂循环系统的加热循环中的加热装置，它由两个热交换器组成，该加热装置只是用于加热的目的。由此加热-热交换器设计为水/空气热交换器，被加热的空气被导进乘客室中。这种装置的缺点是，要设置一个带有附加的热交换器的附加加热装置。
本发明目的在于：克服上述缺点，提供一种不影响安全性和舒适性的附加加热装置的结构，它不仅可缩短内燃机加热过程而且可以进行持续加热。
按本发明的附加加热装置可以实现该目的，其中由冷却和加热循环系统组成的冷却剂循环系统一方面具有冷却内燃机的冷却剂/空气冷却器，另外还具有一个对乘客室进行供暖的在加热循环系统中的冷却剂/空气加热体，在冷却剂/空气冷却器中结合有附加加热装置。冷却器或冷却模块结构的优点在于：由于附加加热装置设在乘客室外部，可提高乘客的安全性和减少噪音影响。通过与冷却剂/空气冷却器结合成一体可简化整体安装并且改善附加加热器的可接近性。另外可较简单和经济地进行冷却剂循环系统的加热。此外，还可毫无困难地设置燃料和废气管道。
按照本发明的另外的方案中，附加加热装置和冷却器水箱装在一起，冷却器最好为横流冷却器。由此可得到一个附加加热装置空间有利的结构，即可使整个冷却器的结构高度保持较小。将附加加热装置安置在水箱中罐形壳体中可省去另外的紧固件。
按照本发明的一个方面，所述罐形壳体中设有周围流有冷却剂的附加加热装置的热交换器部件，其中冷却剂通过流入口进入并且通过一个流出支管从罐形壳体中流出。这样，可不再需要另外的冷却剂连接管，因为冷却剂直接从水箱进入附加加热装置的热交换器部分。
另外，所述水箱具有一带溢流口的分隔壁，一个带流入支管的上腔，一个带流出支管的下腔以及一个和水箱制成一体的恒温计壳体，所述恒温计壳体中设有一个恒温计阀并且通过一个一体的短路支管和上腔相连和通过一个流入开口和下腔及流出支管相连。这种在水箱中一体安有恒温计阀和冷却器-短路导管(旁路管)的结构，进一步简化了冷却剂导管系统，并形成一个紧凑的结构单元和可使整个冷却模块件进行合理安装。
按另一种设计，若具有足够的空间，即使在一个下降流动式冷却器中(即带垂直管道)也可能一体安装附加加热装置。
另外，附加加热装置和冷却器入流管系统并列设置，亦即一股由一节流阀所限定的支流在旁路管中流过附加加热装置，并在该处被加热，然后又流进冷却器入流管系统中。由此这种变型是自调节的，即无须附加调节费用。
若将附加加热装置串接设在供暖入流系统中，由此附加热量首先对加热体有益，即可实现一个较快和有效的供暖，而这在高效的马达例如柴油机马达中特别有利。
另外，在供暖入流管系统中接有一个电动水泵，以用于在供暖入流管系统中的循环和因而得到一个较快的热传递。
若在供暖回流管系统中于加热体和冷却剂泵之间设置一个转换阀，该转换阀打开供暖回流管系或者切断回流管系并打开一支管，该支管与冷却器入流管系连通并且通向附加电水泵，则通过一个转换阀和一个附加的支路导管可实现持续供暖，在马达关闭后通过一个附加电动泵可保持这种持续供暖。
以下借助附图对本发明实施例进行详述，附图中：
图1为冷却装置的透视图；
图2为冷却装置的第一种连接配置图；
图3为冷却装置的第二种连接配置图；
图4为内燃机冷却循环系统冷却装置的第三种连接配置图；
图5为带附加加热装置的水箱剖面。
图1为一个冷却装置或所谓的冷却模件，即具有多个热交换器的装置，这些热交换器组成一个组件并以成品组件的形式固定在汽车上。具体是指下列热交换器：冷却介质/空气冷却器1，制冷介质/空气冷凝器2，带有入流和出流支管3a和3b的压缩空气/空气冷却器3，齿轮油/冷却介质冷却器5和机油/空气冷却器4。以箭头A表示气流方向，即空气首先进到冷凝器2和压缩空气冷却器3区，然后通过冷却剂冷却器1，该冷却器1后有控制气流流通断面的百叶窗10。在冷却剂冷却器1的气流流出侧设有一个冷却器框架8，其中设置一个送气风扇7。风扇7由流体摩擦联接9驱动，而该摩擦联接9则由内燃机(此处未示)经皮带传动件11驱动。但也可用其它方式驱动风扇7，例如用电机或凸轮轴直接驱动。另外，风扇框架8上设有一个可加热的清洗水容器17。如上所述，所有热交换器组成一个固定组件，即它们或者相互连接或者固定在一个未示出的模块支承件上，然后再固定在车体上。冷却剂冷却器1设计成横流冷却器，它具有一个带水平管道和两个侧向水箱的管网(图中不能看出)：右水箱12具有一根冷却剂的流入管15且其下设有分隔壁(未示出)，而左水箱14为转向水箱。由此，冷却剂首先通过上排管道从(图中)右侧向左流动，而后在左水箱14中转向并通过下排管道，即在未示出的水箱12分隔壁下面从左向右回流，并在水箱12的下部通过一个冷却介质泵6将其抽出，再经出流管16排出。最后，该冷却装置还有一个带干燥器和冷却介质恒温器19的致冷剂液体容器18，它(恒温器)同样一体地设在水箱12中。单个的热交换器除了齿轮油冷却器以外也用空气冷却，而齿轮油冷却器装在水箱5中并且由冷却剂进行二次冷却。
按本发明一带燃料供暖和废气/冷却剂热交换系统的附加加热装置20，20a(共同申请人的EP-B-0 462 154已大致公开)和水箱12机械和流体相连，即形成一个组件。附图中附加加热装置分成两部分，其上部20含燃烧器而下部20a有热交换器。在附加加热装置(热交换器部分)20a中被加热的冷却剂的连接管在图中未示出，它们位于水箱12内部，且大致与现有技术相同。在附加加热装置20中具有一用于助燃空气的接管21和一个排出废气的支管22。图中没有示出该附加加热装置的燃料供给(系统)。
图2中简要示出了附加加热装置在一内燃机冷却剂循环系统中的连接和流体管路配置。图1中附加加热装置在此为标号35，它表示该装置热交换器的冷却剂侧的部分。图1所示的整个冷却装置被简化地表示于虚线框中，包括：冷却器31，附加加热装置35，恒温器39和一个旁通管道40。内燃机32的冷却剂循环系统具有一个进流管系统36和一个通过冷却剂泵34将冷却剂送回内燃机32的回流管系统41。一供暖循环系统与该冷却循环系统并置，它由一个带供暖阀43的供暖进流系统42、加热体33和一个供暖回流系统44组成。附加加热装置35冷却剂侧通过一入流管37和一回流管38与冷却器进流管系统36并置，在入流管37中设有一个节流片以进行流量控制。由此一固定数量的冷却剂流过附加加热装置并被加热，也即在恒温计39关闭时，加热后的冷却剂流进短路接管40中并且从该处经冷却器回流系统41和泵34流进内燃机32的冷却罩中，内燃机由此很快被加热。另外，通过附加加热装置35加热的部分冷却剂通过加热进流管42到达加热体33中，由此可补偿现有的TDI-电机加热功率的不足，和/或提高供暖速度，这样可改善乘客室的供暖效果。
图3为内燃机52冷却剂循环系统中附加加热装置结构又一变型。在此仍以虚线框50表示冷却装置，它包括：冷却器51，附加加热装置55，一电动水泵56和一带短路支管60的恒温计阀59。固有冷却循环系统由冷却器进流系统58和回流系统61(包括冷却剂泵54)组成。但加热循环系统则由供暖进流系统62，供暖阀63，加热体53和供暖回流管系64组成。在此附加加热装置55也通过分支管57和有选择设有的电动水泵56串接设在供暖进流系统62中。在过热时为了安全切断路而关闭阀63的情况下，可通过一回流管65a或65b来保证流过附加加热装置的一最小流量。
图4为内燃机72冷却剂循环系统附加加热装置的最后一实施例，其中仍以虚线框70表示冷却装置，带有冷却器71，恒温计79，电动水泵76和支管80。包含冷却器71的冷却循环系统具有冷却器进流(管)系统78和带冷却剂泵74的冷却器回流管系统81。一供暖循环系统和该冷却循环系统并列而置，并带有一个供暖进流管系统82，供暖阀83，加热体73和在冷却剂泵74前流入冷却器回流管81的供暖回流管84。最后，还设有一个可由一电磁阀85打开或闭合的支管86(作为对图3实施例的补充)。为了得到车辆持续的供暖，阀85在无电流时接通管86并且将管84切断，即由电动水泵76将在附加加热装置75中加热的水通过供暖进流管系统82流经加热体73，再通过支管86流进冷却器进流管系统，并在恒温计79切断的情况下从该进流管系统处通过支管77又传送至水泵76前。若阀85通有电流，则切断管86，冷却剂从加热体73流进供暖回流管系统84，由此达到在上面实施例中所具有的过热(保护)功能。与上面实施例类似，此时也具有一个回流管87a或87b。
图5剖视示出了一个如图1中透视图表示的，一体带有附加加热装置的水箱。以下括号中标号表示图1中相同的部件。图5示出了一横流冷却器170(1)的左外部，其导管171与和一水箱173(12)密封相连的管底172相连通。最好由塑料压铸而成的水箱173具有一个流入支管174(15)，一个分隔壁175和一个流出支管176(16)。冷却器170由此也为带水平导管171的横流冷却器并且通过相应的固定装置固定于车身上，所述固定装置例如可为一个成形在水箱173上的销轴177。通过分隔壁175将整个水箱173分成一个上部流入腔178和一个下部流出腔179，其中一罐形壳体181通过一入流开口180和该上流入腔178相连，壳体与水箱一体制成并且接纳有附加加热装置182/183(20/20a)。附加加热装置的下部分为热交换器183并在其在外壳内设置了螺旋状的肋184以从设在罐底的流入口180向设有一个流出支管185的上部引导冷却剂。在下部腔179区设置一个恒温计壳体186，它通过一个设在分隔壁175上的短路旁路管187和上腔178相连。另外在恒温计壳体186中附加设有一个从下腔179流入的流入口189和一个对着出流支管176的流出口190。在恒温计壳体186中具有一个已知的恒温阀191，它以其两个盘阀192，193开关短路接管187或下腔179的流入口189。
恒温计壳体186和短路接管187和水箱173一体压铸成型，其中为了成型设有一个开口194，之后通过一个盖板195将该开口盖住。由此附加加热装置182/183，恒温计191和冷却器短路接管187一体形成在水箱173中。
带附加加热装置的冷却器作用如下：通过流入支管174流入上腔178的冷却剂首先在箭头A的方向流经管束171的上半部分，在右边未示出的水箱中转向并且随后在箭头B向通过管束171的下半部分流回进水箱173的下腔179中。后者适用于这种情况，冷却剂已被加热并且恒温计191通过短路阀盘192关闭短路支管187，然后阀盘193打开过流断面，使得冷却剂通过开口189在箭头C方向流进恒温计壳体内部，并从该处通过出流口190流到流出支管176。若冷却剂还未被加热，短路支管187打开，也即短路阀盘192从其阀座上移开；并且阀座193关闭回流断面。在这种运行状态下冷却器中不流有冷却剂，因为冷却剂在箭头E方向通过旁路管187流出了。
按本发明从上腔178分支出一股冷却剂支流并且在箭头D的方向通过溢流口180流入热交换器183外壳体和罐181内壁之间的间隙中，并且由于螺旋形肋条184而在其相应的路径向上绕热交换器183环流，加热后通过流出支管185流出。之后按不同的线路布置，这些加热的冷却剂可直接输进内燃机冷却壳体中或车辆供暖系统中。

Claims (12)

1.车辆内燃机冷却剂循环系统附加加热装置的结构，其中由冷却和加热循环系统组成的冷却剂循环系统一方面具有冷却内燃机的冷却剂/空气冷却器(1，170)，另外还具有一个对乘客室进行供暖的在加热循环系统中的冷却剂/空气加热体，其特征在于：在冷却剂/空气冷却器(1，170)中结合有附加加热装置。
2.按权利要求1所述的结构，其特征在于，所述冷却剂/空气冷却器(1，170)至少具有一个水箱(12，173)，附加加热装置(20，20a；182，183)和该水箱形成一个组件。
3.按权利要求1所述的结构，其特征在于，所述冷却剂/空气冷却器为带侧向设置的水箱(12，14，173)的横流冷却器(1，170)。
4.按权利要求2或3所述的结构，其特征在于，所述附加加热装置(20，20a；182，183)设置和固定在一个罐形且和水箱(173)成一体的壳体(181)中，
5.按权利要求4所述的结构，其特征在于，所述罐形壳体(181)中设有周围流有冷却剂的附加加热装置(182)的热交换器部件(183)，其中冷却剂通过流入口(180)进入并且通过一个流出支管(185)从罐形壳体中流出。
6.按上述权利要求2所述的结构，其特征在于，所述水箱(173)，具有一带溢流口(188)的分隔壁(175)，一个带流入支管(174)的上腔(178)，一个带流出支管(176)的下腔(179)以及一个和水箱(173)制成一体的恒温计壳体(186)，所述恒温计壳体中设有一个恒温计阀(191)并且通过一个一体的短路支管(187)和上腔(178)相连和通过一个流入开口(189)和下腔(179)及流出支管(176)相连。
7.按权利要求1所述的结构，其特征在于，冷却剂/空气冷却器可为降流冷却器。
8.按权利要求1所述的结构，其特征在于，所述的附加加热装置(20a，35)在冷却剂侧和冷却剂入流管系统(36)并列设置。
9.按权利要求8所述的结构，其特征在于，在附加加热装置(20a，35)的流入区设置有一个节流片(37)来进行分流控制。
10.按权利要求1所述的结构，其特征在于，所述附加加热装置(20a，55)串接在供暖入流管系统(62)中。
11.按权利要求10所述的结构，在供暖入流管系统(62)中接有一个电动水泵(56)。
12.按权利要求11所述的结构，其特征在于，在供暖回流管系统(84)中于加热体(73)和冷却剂泵(74)之间设置一个转换阀(85)，该转换阀打开供暖回流管系(84)或者切断回流管系(84)并打开一支管(86)，该支管与冷却器入流管系(78)连通并且通向附加电水泵(76)。
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DE4435693A1 (de) 1996-04-11
JPH10506862A (ja) 1998-07-07
CA2201912A1 (en) 1996-04-18
CN1160379A (zh) 1997-09-24
CA2201912C (en) 2004-09-14
CZ105197A3 (en) 1997-07-16
ES2110322T3 (es) 1998-02-01
WO1996011121A1 (de) 1996-04-18

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