CN108210615A - A kind of bacteriostasis spray and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of bacteriostasis spray and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of bacteriostasis spray and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, it is made of Chinese medicine extracting solution and external application bacteriostatic agent, wherein the mass percent of external application bacteriostatic agent is 0.1~0.2% in the spray, the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：50~70 parts of propolis, 35~45 parts of moutan bark, 35~45 parts of kuh-seng, 40~60 parts of cloves, 20~30 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 25~35 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 30~45 parts of Morinda officinalis, 40~60 parts of frutus cnidii, 20~30 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 20~30 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 20~30 parts of glycerine, 3~10 parts of Mentholum, 3~10 parts of borneol.Bacteriostasis spray of the present invention has the effect of significant antibacterial action and strengthen immunity, and is made of advanced preparation process, non-stimulated to skin or mucous membrane.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of traditional Chinese medicine preparation, more particularly to a kind of bacteriostasis spray and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The treatment processing of the infection of skin and mucous membrane needs cleaning, coating, and cleaning is exactly the cutin that skin infection is rotted
Layer and the tissue of subcutaneous layer of fat necrosis part are cleaned, and then apply some antibacterial or antibacterial drugs.
Currently on the market there are mainly two types of most common antibacterial or antibacterials, one kind is the liquid made of pure antibiotic preparation
Body often when antibacterial or antimicrobial concentration is higher, just plays bacteriostasis antibiosis effect, but have obvious irritation simultaneously,
Such as tingling sensation, sensation of dryness.Another kind is the liquid made of pure Chinese medicine, the bacteriostasis antibiosis effect unobvious of this liquid, and
And responding time and healing time are still undesirable, need further to be improved and improve.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of bacteriostasis spray and preparation method thereof, and the bacteriostasis spray bacteriostasis is strong and non-stimulated no pair
Effect.
The technical scheme is that：
A kind of bacteriostasis spray is made of Chinese medicine extracting solution and external application bacteriostatic agent, wherein external application is antibacterial in the spray
The mass percent of agent is 0.1~0.2%, and the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：Propolis 50~70
Part, 35~45 parts of moutan bark, 35~45 parts of kuh-seng, 40~60 parts of cloves, 20~30 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 25~35 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, Morinda officinalis
30~45 parts, 40~60 parts of frutus cnidii, 20~30 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 20~30 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 20~30 parts of glycerine, Mentholum 3~
10 parts, 3~10 parts of borneol.
Wherein it is preferred to the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：55~65 parts of propolis, tree peony
38~42 parts of skin, 38~42 parts of kuh-seng, 45~55 parts of cloves, 22~28 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 28~32 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, Morinda officinalis 36~42
Part, 45~55 parts of frutus cnidii, 22~28 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 22~28 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 22~28 parts of glycerine, 5~8 parts of Mentholum, ice
5~8 parts of piece.
Wherein it is preferred to the external application bacteriostatic agent stings pyridine for acetic acid chlorhexidine, benzalkonium bromide or amino.
The present invention and the preparation method for providing bacteriostasis spray, include the following steps：
(1) propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng is taken to be ground into coarse powder, is uniformly mixed, with 75% ethanol as solvent, is impregnated 24 hours
Afterwards, with the speed diacolation of 1~3ml per minute, the effusion of 130~150 parts by weight is collected；
(2) cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are ground into coarse powder and be added separately in volatile oil extractor, each 6-10 times of addition weighs
The distilled water extraction of amount, is extracted 8-9 hours, is mixed three kinds of volatile oil and is added in glycerine, stirs evenly, obtain mixed liquor；
(3) Morinda officinalis, frutus cnidii, erigeron breviscapus and Chinese cassia tree is taken to add in extractor, is carried with the water decoction of 8~10 times of amounts
It takes, is concentrated into the liquid that density is 1.05~1.1g/ml, alcohol precipitation filters, recovered alcohol, obtains filtrate, adds in oozing for step (1)
Leakage and the mixed liquor of step (2), add in after then dissolving Mentholum and borneol with ethyl alcohol, stir evenly, stand, obtain traditional Chinese medicine extraction
Liquid；
(4) external application bacteriostatic agent is added in the Chinese medicine extract that the step (3) obtains, stirred evenly, stand to get.
Wherein it is preferred to propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng are 8~15 mesh coarse powder in the step (1).
Wherein it is preferred to cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are 8~15 mesh coarse powder in the step (2).
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Propolis has antibacterial, water resistant poxvirus, improves body's immunity, is antipruritic, antiulcer, antianaphylactic in the present invention
Effect.Moutan bark has analgesia, antispastic, anti-inflammatory, antianaphylactic effect；Kuh-seng has the function of antibacterial, calmness, analgesic；Cloves
There is antibacterial action to 15 kinds of bacteriums such as staphylococcus, tubercle bacillus and various pathogens；Chinese prickly ash has middle benefit gas promoting the circulation of qi, by cold, only
Bitterly, desinsection and other effects；Pericarpium zanthoxyli has certain strengthen immunity and antibacterial action；Morinda officinalis has kidney-replenishing, strengthening the bones and muscles, wind-dispelling
Wet effect；Frutus cnidii has the function of wind-dispelling, removing dampness and destroying parasites；Erigeron breviscapus has improvement blood flow, expansion blood vessel, antiplatelet
The effects that cohesion.Chinese cassia tree has the function of to expand blood vessel；Above-mentioned all medicine moutan barks, kuh-seng, cloves have the antibacterial action of propolis
Apparent synergistic effect can significantly increase the fungistatic effect of formula.
Bacteriostasis spray of the present invention has the effect of significant antibacterial action and strengthen immunity, and uses advanced preparation work
Skill is made, non-stimulated to skin or mucous membrane.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described,
Obviously, described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, all other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained without making creative work, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of bacteriostasis sprays, are made of Chinese medicine extracting solution and acetic acid chlorhexidine, wherein the spray
The mass percent of acetic acid chlorhexidine is 0.15% in agent, and the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：Bee
60 parts of glue, 40 parts of moutan bark, 40 parts of kuh-seng, 50 parts of cloves, 25 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 30 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 35 parts of Morinda officinalis, 50 parts of frutus cnidii,
25 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 25 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 25 parts of glycerine, 5 parts of Mentholum, 5 parts of borneol.
The present embodiment and the preparation method for providing bacteriostasis spray, include the following steps：
(1) propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng is taken to be ground into the coarse powder of 10 mesh, is uniformly mixed, with 75% ethanol as solvent, dipping
After 24 hours, with the speed diacolation of 1~3ml per minute, the effusion of 140 parts by weight is collected；
(2) cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are ground into 10 mesh coarse powder to be added separately in volatile oil extractor, respectively add in 8 times of weights
The distilled water extraction of amount, is extracted 8 hours, is mixed three kinds of volatile oil and is added in glycerine, stirs evenly, obtain mixed liquor；
(3) Morinda officinalis, frutus cnidii, erigeron breviscapus and Chinese cassia tree is taken to add in extractor, it is dense with the water boiling and extraction of 10 times of amounts
The liquid that density is 1.05g/ml is reduced to, alcohol precipitation filters, recovered alcohol, obtains filtrate, adds in the effusion and step of step (1)
(2) mixed liquor adds in after then dissolving Mentholum and borneol with ethyl alcohol, stirs evenly, stands, obtains Chinese medicine extract；
(4) external application bacteriostatic agent is added in the Chinese medicine extract that the step (3) obtains, stirred evenly, stand to get.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of bacteriostasis sprays, are made of Chinese medicine extracting solution and benzalkonium bromide, wherein the spray
The mass percent of middle benzalkonium bromide is 0.1%, and the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：Propolis 50
Part, 45 parts of moutan bark, 35 parts of kuh-seng, 60 parts of cloves, 20 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 35 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 30 parts of Morinda officinalis, 60 parts of frutus cnidii, oil lamp
20 parts of asarum, 30 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 20 parts of glycerine, 10 parts of Mentholum, 3 parts of borneol.
The present embodiment and the preparation method for providing bacteriostasis spray, include the following steps：
(1) propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng is taken to be ground into the coarse powder of 8 mesh, is uniformly mixed, with 75% ethanol as solvent, dipping 24
After hour, with the speed diacolation of 1~3ml per minute, the effusion of 130 parts by weight is collected；
(2) cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are ground into 8 mesh coarse powder to be added separately in volatile oil extractor, respectively add in 10 times of weights
The distilled water extraction of amount, is extracted 9 hours, is mixed three kinds of volatile oil and is added in glycerine, stirs evenly, obtain mixed liquor；
(3) Morinda officinalis, frutus cnidii, erigeron breviscapus and Chinese cassia tree is taken to add in extractor, it is dense with the water boiling and extraction of 8 times of amounts
The liquid that density is 1.1g/ml is reduced to, alcohol precipitation filters, recovered alcohol, obtains filtrate, adds in the effusion and step of step (1)
(2) mixed liquor adds in after then dissolving Mentholum and borneol with ethyl alcohol, stirs evenly, stands, obtains Chinese medicine extract；
(4) external application bacteriostatic agent is added in the Chinese medicine extract that the step (3) obtains, stirred evenly, stand to get.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of bacteriostasis sprays, sting pyridine by Chinese medicine extracting solution and amino and form, wherein the spray
The mass percent that middle amino stings pyridine is 0.2%, and the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：Propolis 70
Part, 35 parts of moutan bark, 45 parts of kuh-seng, 40 parts of cloves, 30 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 25 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 45 parts of Morinda officinalis, 40 parts of frutus cnidii, oil lamp
30 parts of asarum, 20 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 30 parts of glycerine, 3 parts of Mentholum, 10 parts of borneol.
The present embodiment and the preparation method for providing bacteriostasis spray, include the following steps：
(1) propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng is taken to be ground into the coarse powder of 15 mesh, is uniformly mixed, with 75% ethanol as solvent, dipping
After 24 hours, with the speed diacolation of 1~3ml per minute, the effusion of 150 parts by weight is collected；
(2) cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are ground into 15 mesh coarse powder to be added separately in volatile oil extractor, it is each to add in 10 times
The distilled water extraction of weight, is extracted 8-9 hours, is mixed three kinds of volatile oil and is added in glycerine, stirs evenly, obtain mixed liquor；
(3) Morinda officinalis, frutus cnidii, erigeron breviscapus and Chinese cassia tree is taken to add in extractor, it is dense with the water boiling and extraction of 8 times of amounts
The liquid that density is 1.1g/ml is reduced to, alcohol precipitation filters, recovered alcohol, obtains filtrate, adds in the effusion and step of step (1)
(2) mixed liquor adds in after then dissolving Mentholum and borneol with ethyl alcohol, stirs evenly, stands, obtains Chinese medicine extract；
(4) external application bacteriostatic agent is added in the Chinese medicine extract that the step (3) obtains, stirred evenly, stand to get.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of bacteriostasis sprays, are made of Chinese medicine extracting solution and acetic acid chlorhexidine, wherein the spray
The mass percent of acetic acid chlorhexidine is 0.12% in agent, and the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：Bee
55 parts of glue, 42 parts of moutan bark, 38 parts of kuh-seng, 45 parts of cloves, 28 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 32 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 35 parts of Morinda officinalis, 56 parts of frutus cnidii,
28 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 22 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 25 parts of glycerine, 7 parts of Mentholum, 6 parts of borneol.
The present embodiment and the preparation method for providing bacteriostasis spray, include the following steps：
(1) propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng is taken to be ground into the coarse powder of 10 mesh, is uniformly mixed, with 75% ethanol as solvent, dipping
After 24 hours, with the speed diacolation of 1~3ml per minute, the effusion of 140 parts by weight is collected；
(2) cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are ground into 10 mesh coarse powder to be added separately in volatile oil extractor, it is each to add in 10 times
The distilled water extraction of weight, is extracted 8-9 hours, is mixed three kinds of volatile oil and is added in glycerine, stirs evenly, obtain mixed liquor；
(3) Morinda officinalis, frutus cnidii, erigeron breviscapus and Chinese cassia tree is taken to add in extractor, it is dense with the water boiling and extraction of 8 times of amounts
The liquid that density is 1.05g/ml is reduced to, alcohol precipitation filters, recovered alcohol, obtains filtrate, adds in the effusion and step of step (1)
(2) mixed liquor adds in after then dissolving Mentholum and borneol with ethyl alcohol, stirs evenly, stands, obtains Chinese medicine extract；
(4) external application bacteriostatic agent is added in the Chinese medicine extract that the step (3) obtains, stirred evenly, stand to get.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides a kind of bacteriostasis sprays, are made of Chinese medicine extracting solution and acetic acid chlorhexidine, wherein the spray
The mass percent of acetic acid chlorhexidine is 0.18% in agent, and the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：Bee
65 parts of glue, 36 parts of moutan bark, 42 parts of kuh-seng, 55 parts of cloves, 28 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 26 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 34 parts of Morinda officinalis, 55 parts of frutus cnidii,
26 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 28 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 25 parts of glycerine, 4 parts of Mentholum, 9 parts of borneol.
The present embodiment and the preparation method for providing bacteriostasis spray, include the following steps：
(1) propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng is taken to be ground into the coarse powder of 15 mesh, is uniformly mixed, with 75% ethanol as solvent, dipping
After 24 hours, with the speed diacolation of 1~3ml per minute, the effusion of 130~150 parts by weight is collected；
(2) cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are ground into 15 mesh coarse powder to be added separately in volatile oil extractor, it is each to add in 10 times
The distilled water extraction of weight, is extracted 8-9 hours, is mixed three kinds of volatile oil and is added in glycerine, stirs evenly, obtain mixed liquor；
(3) Morinda officinalis, frutus cnidii, erigeron breviscapus and Chinese cassia tree is taken to add in extractor, it is dense with the water boiling and extraction of 8 times of amounts
The liquid that density is 1.05g/ml is reduced to, alcohol precipitation filters, recovered alcohol, obtains filtrate, adds in the effusion and step of step (1)
(2) mixed liquor adds in after then dissolving Mentholum and borneol with ethyl alcohol, stirs evenly, stands, obtains Chinese medicine extract；
(4) external application bacteriostatic agent is added in the Chinese medicine extract that the step (3) obtains, stirred evenly, stand to get.
Fungistatic effect is tested
First, Escherichia coli bacteriostatic experiment
(1) material：
1st, test strain：Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans
2. disinfectant：Respectively bacteriostasis spray made from Examples 1 to 5
3. culture medium：Nutrient broth, nutrient agar are prepared according to a conventional method
4. dilution (PBS)
(2) method：
1st, test basis：《Disinfection technology standard》2002 editions 2.1.11.3.2
2nd, experiment is stoste with disinfectant
3rd, 19~22 DEG C of experimental temperature, experiment is repeated 3 times
(3) result：
(1) fungistatic effect of Escherichia coli
(2) fungistatic effect of staphylococcus aureus
(3) fungistatic effect of Candida albicans
By above-mentioned data it is found that the bacteriostasis spray of the present invention is read Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, white in 2 minutes
The bacteriostasis rate of pearl bacterium is all higher than 50%, has bacteriostasis.
Also, the comparative example of the antibacterial agent concentration of corresponding external application in each embodiment, the suppression of each comparative example has also been made in the applicant
Bacterium each embodiment with obvious effects less than in the present invention, and the bacteriostasis spray of the present invention antibacterial time is long.
The upper only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all spirit in the present invention
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of bacteriostasis spray, it is characterised in that be made of Chinese medicine extracting solution and external application bacteriostatic agent, wherein in the spray
The mass percent of external application bacteriostatic agent is 0.1~0.2%, and the Chinese medicine extract is made of the raw material of following weight parts：Bee
50~70 parts of glue, 35~45 parts of moutan bark, 35~45 parts of kuh-seng, 40~60 parts of cloves, 20~30 parts of Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli 25~35
Part, 30~45 parts of Morinda officinalis, 40~60 parts of frutus cnidii, 20~30 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 20~30 parts of Chinese cassia tree, 20~30 parts of glycerine,
3~10 parts of Mentholum, 3~10 parts of borneol.
2. a kind of bacteriostasis spray according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Chinese medicine extract is by following weight parts
Raw material be made：55~65 parts of propolis, 38~42 parts of moutan bark, 38~42 parts of kuh-seng, 45~55 parts of cloves, Chinese prickly ash 22~28
Part, 28~32 parts of pericarpium zanthoxyli, 36~42 parts of Morinda officinalis, 45~55 parts of frutus cnidii, 22~28 parts of erigeron breviscapus, 22~28 parts of Chinese cassia tree,
22~28 parts of glycerine, 5~8 parts of Mentholum, 5~8 parts of borneol.
3. a kind of bacteriostasis spray according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The external application bacteriostatic agent for acetic acid chlorhexidine,
Benzalkonium bromide or amino sting pyridine.
4. the preparation method of the bacteriostasis spray described in claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
(1) propolis, moutan bark, kuh-seng is taken to be ground into coarse powder, is uniformly mixed, with 75% ethanol as solvent, dipping is after 24 hours, with
The speed diacolation of 1~3ml per minute collects the effusion of 130~150 parts by weight；
(2) cloves, Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are ground into coarse powder and be added separately in volatile oil extractor, each 6-10 times of weight of addition
Distilled water extracts, and extracts 8-9 hours, mixes three kinds of volatile oil and adds in glycerine, stirs evenly, obtain mixed liquor；
(3) Morinda officinalis, frutus cnidii, erigeron breviscapus and Chinese cassia tree is taken to add in extractor, it is dense with the water boiling and extraction of 8~10 times of amounts
Be reduced to the liquid that density is 1.05~1.1g/ml, alcohol precipitation, filtering, recovered alcohol obtains filtrate, add in step (1) effusion and
The mixed liquor of step (2), adds in after then dissolving Mentholum and borneol with ethyl alcohol, stirs evenly, stands, obtains Chinese medicine extract；
(4) external application bacteriostatic agent is added in the Chinese medicine extract that the step (3) obtains, stirred evenly, stand to get.
5. a kind of preparation method of bacteriostasis spray according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Propolis in the step (1),
Moutan bark, kuh-seng are 8~15 mesh coarse powder.
6. a kind of preparation method of bacteriostasis spray according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Cloves in the step (2),
Chinese prickly ash, pericarpium zanthoxyli are 8~15 mesh coarse powder.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111264567A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-06-12 | 达威控股有限公司 | Sterilization disinfectant, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111419932A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-17 | 成都前路通生物科技有限公司 | Composition with dual functions of bacteriostasis and nursing for male private parts and preparation method thereof |
| CN111607970A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-09-01 | 苦蒲丹(山东)中药科技有限公司 | Preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine antibacterial mask material |
| CN112136838A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-29 | 东莞市泰赛特汽车用品科技有限公司 | Mild and nontoxic sterilization disinfectant, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN114392310A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-26 | 南方医科大学皮肤病医院（广东省皮肤病医院、广东省皮肤性病防治中心、中国麻风防治研究中心） | Traditional Chinese medicine external preparation for resisting inflammation, relieving itching and moistening skin as well as preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (1)
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| CN104920499A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-23 | 金维元 | Compound disinfectant, and preparation method and application thereof |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104920499A (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-09-23 | 金维元 | Compound disinfectant, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111264567A (en) * | 2020-03-02 | 2020-06-12 | 达威控股有限公司 | Sterilization disinfectant, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111419932A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-17 | 成都前路通生物科技有限公司 | Composition with dual functions of bacteriostasis and nursing for male private parts and preparation method thereof |
| CN111607970A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-09-01 | 苦蒲丹(山东)中药科技有限公司 | Preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine antibacterial mask material |
| CN112136838A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-29 | 东莞市泰赛特汽车用品科技有限公司 | Mild and nontoxic sterilization disinfectant, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112553882A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-03-26 | 青岛一诺家居科技有限公司 | Preparation method of antibacterial and deodorant quilt |
| CN113975343A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-01-28 | 俏福圣药业有限公司 | High-efficiency sterilization and bacteriostasis traditional Chinese medicine spray |
| CN114392310A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-26 | 南方医科大学皮肤病医院（广东省皮肤病医院、广东省皮肤性病防治中心、中国麻风防治研究中心） | Traditional Chinese medicine external preparation for resisting inflammation, relieving itching and moistening skin as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114392310B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-12-08 | 南方医科大学皮肤病医院（广东省皮肤病医院、广东省皮肤性病防治中心、中国麻风防治研究中心） | Anti-inflammatory antipruritic skin-moistening traditional Chinese medicine external preparation and preparation method and application thereof |
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