CN108202738A - 在mhsg传动带发生滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法 - Google Patents

在mhsg传动带发生滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法 Download PDF

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CN108202738A
CN108202738A CN201711203455.3A CN201711203455A CN108202738A CN 108202738 A CN108202738 A CN 108202738A CN 201711203455 A CN201711203455 A CN 201711203455A CN 108202738 A CN108202738 A CN 108202738A
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mhsg
torque
engine
vehicle
starter generator
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CN108202738B (zh
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崔光锡
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种在轻度混合动力起动机发电机(MHSG)传动带发生滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法。所述方法可以包括：在车辆行驶时，根据MHSG来确定扭矩辅助量或再生制动量；基于所述扭矩辅助量或所述再生制动量，指示MHSG来输出期望的扭矩量；检测来自MHSG的输出扭矩，以将所述输出扭矩与期望的扭矩量进行比较；当实际扭矩和期望的扭矩量之间的差异超过基准值时，确定为在MHSG传动带中发生滑移，并进行用于防止滑移的控制。

Description

在MHSG传动带发生滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法
技术领域
本发明的实施方案涉及一种在MHSG(Mild Hybrid StarterGenerator，轻度混合动力起动机发电机)传动带发生滑移的情况下，控制轻度混合动力车辆的方法；具体地，本发明的实施方案涉及一种确定用于在发动机与电动机之间传递驱动力的传动带中是否发生滑移的方法，以及一种用于在确定出发生滑移时有效处理的控制方法。
背景技术
近年来，为了提高燃料效率和保护环境而积极研究和开发了混合动力车辆。根据混合动力车辆的充电方法，混合动力车辆主要分为典型的混合动力车辆和插电式混合动力车辆。典型的混合动力车辆是利用内燃机所产生的一部分能量来对电池进行充电的混合动力车辆。插电式混合动力车辆是通过外部商业电源供应的能量来对电池进行充电的混合动力车辆。
具体地，轻度混合动力系统是指这样的系统，其未设置有车辆仅由驱动电机来驱动的行驶模式，但利用具有比发动机更快的响应速度的混合动力起动机发电机(HSG)向车辆提供行驶所需的扭矩，从而当车辆在停止状态下加速时或当车辆在行驶时为超车而加速时获得瞬间高扭矩，如专利文件1所公开的内容。
同时，在通过电机的驱动力来行驶过程中，进行扭矩辅助和再生制动的轻度混合动力车辆中，驱动力通过连接电机和发动机的传动带而从电机传递至发动机。相应地，在车辆行驶时，所述传动带可能经常会发生滑移，而在发生传动带滑移的情况下，电机的扭矩传递效率可能会降低。因此，难以利用混合动力电动车辆(HEV)的功能来提高动力性能和燃料效率。此外，存在的问题是，由于在传动带滑移的情况下出现噪音和每分钟转速(rpm)变化，从而驾驶灵敏度受到不利影响。
然而，目前尚未充分研究在轻度混合动力车辆中确定传动带是否发生滑移的方法以及用于在确定出发生滑移时进行处理的控制方法。
[现有技术文件]
[专利文件]
(专利文件1)专利No.10-1583971(2016年1月21日)
本节的公开是为了提供本发明的背景。申请人注意到，本节可能包含在本申请之前可获得的信息。然而，通过提供本节，申请人不承认本节所包含的任何信息构成现有技术。
发明内容
本发明的实施方案致力于一种控制方法，所述控制方法用于准确地确定传动带是否滑移，并在包括MHSG、发动机和连接MHSG和发动机的传动带的混合车辆中抑制传动带的滑移。
可以通过以下描述来理解本发明的其他方面和优点，并且参照本发明的实施方案，本发明的其他方面和优点将变得更加明显。此外，对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员来说，显而易见的是，本发明的方面和优点可以通过所要求保护的装置和所述装置的组合来实现。
根据本发明的实施方案，一种在MHSG传动带发生滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法，所述混合动力车辆包括MHSG、发动机、连接MHSG和发动机的MHSG传动带，所述方法包括：在车辆行驶时，根据MHSG来确定扭矩辅助量或再生制动量；基于所述扭矩辅助量或所述再生制动量，指示MHSG来产生期望的扭矩量；检测来自MHSG的输出扭矩，以将所述输出扭矩与所述期望的扭矩量进行比较；当实际扭矩和所述期望的扭矩量之间的差异超过基准值(preference value)时，确定在MHSG传动带中发生滑移，并进行用于防止滑移的控制。
用于防止滑移的控制可以通过修正扭矩辅助所需的扭矩辅助量或再生制动所需的再生制动量来执行，直到确定没有发生滑移。
当实际扭矩和所述期望的扭矩量之间的差异等于或小于基准值时，可以基于期望的扭矩量来进行扭矩辅助或再生制动。
所述方法可以进一步包括：当MHSG传动带确定为发生滑移时，确定发动机冷却液温度是否超过参考值，以及在发动机驱动后是否经过预定时间；当确定发动机冷却液温度超过参考值，并且在发动机驱动后经过预定时间时，确定由于MHSG传动带的劣化而发生滑移。
所述方法可以进一步包括：当MHSG传动带确定为发生滑移时，确定发动机冷却液温度是否超过参考值，以及在发动机驱动后是否经过预定时间；当确定发动机冷却液温度未超过参考值，并且在发动机驱动后未经过预定时间时，确定由于发动机在冷机状态下驱动而发生滑移。
当确定滑移是由于MHSG传动带的劣化而发生时，可以通过车辆中安装的扬声器来输出语音消息，或者可以在例如车辆中安装的仪表板的屏幕上输出文本消息，以通知驾驶员MHSG传动带劣化，并且与此相关的诊断故障码(DTC)可以被存储在车辆中的存储装置中。
附图说明
图1是示意性地显示了根据本发明实施方案的混合动力电动车辆的充电装置的示意图。
图2是示意性地显示了根据本发明实施方案的混合动力车辆控制系统的示意图。
图3A和图3B显示了根据本发明实施方案的控制混合动力车辆的过程。
具体实施方式
在下文中，将参照附图来更详细地描述本发明的实施方案。然而，本发明可以不同形式来实施，而不应被解释为仅限于在本文中所提出的实施方案。不如说，提供这些实施方案是为了使本发明变得彻底和完整，并能够充分地向本领域技术人员传达本发明的范围。在整个本发明中，本发明的多个附图和实施方案中相同的部件以相同的附图标记标引。
在下文中，将参照附图来详细描述根据本发明的实施方案的一种在MHSG传动带滑移的情况下控制轻度混合动力车辆的方法。
根据本发明的实施方案，混合动力车辆中的轻度混合动力起动机发电机(MHSG)的驱动力利用传动带传递至车辆的发动机(或另一车轮驱动机构)。车辆的至少一个控制器控制发动机、MHSG和车辆的其他部件，以使用期望的扭矩来驱动车辆。在实施方案中，期望的扭矩是利用驾驶员的输入来计算的。
在实施方案中，至少一个控制器(周期性地、持续地)利用来自安装在车辆中的至少一个传感器的信号来监测实际输出扭矩(MHSG的输出扭矩，或利用传动带传递的扭矩)。控制器(周期性地、持续地)将所感测的输出扭矩与期望的扭矩(期望扭矩)进行比较。控制器至少基于实际输出扭矩和期望的扭矩之间的差异大于预定参考来检测传动带的滑移。
当检测到滑移时，控制器收集信息，以确定滑移是否由于MHSG传动带的劣化(deterioration)而发生。在实施方案中，只有当(1)发动机冷却液(或车轮驱动机构的冷却液)的温度超过预定参考，并且(2)在检测到滑移时起、在驱动发动机之后已经过了预定时间的时候，才确定所检测的滑移是由于MHSG传动带的劣化而发生。当确定出滑移是由于MHSG传动带的劣化而发生时，控制器会使车辆的显示器或扬声器向驾驶员发出关于MHSG传动带劣化的警告。在实施方案中，当两个要求(1)和(2)中的任何一个不满足时，控制器继续监测MHSG的实际输出扭矩(或传递的实际扭矩)，而不使车辆的显示器或扬声器向驾驶员发出警告。
图1是示意性地显示了一种混合动力电动车辆的充电装置的示意图，所述混合动力电动车辆的充电装置利用了根据本发明示例性实施方案的在MHSG传动带滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法。图2是示意性地显示了一种混合动力车辆控制系统的示意图，所述混合动力车辆控制系统利用了根据本发明示例性实施方案的在MHSG传动带滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法。
如图1所示，通过利用根据本发明示例性实施方案的在MHSG传动带滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法，混合动力电动车辆的充电装置包括：发动机10、轻度混合动力起动机发电机(MHSG)20、逆变器(inverter，Inv.)30、高压48V电池60、DC-DC转换器50和低压12V电池40；混合动力起动机发电机(MHSG)20通过驱动发动机10或再生制动来产生交流电；逆变器30将由MHSG 20产生的交流电(AC power)转换为直流电(DC power)，以向电池供应直流电，或者将电池的直流电转换为交流电，以向MHSG 20供应交流电；高压48V电池60利用来自逆变器30供应的直流电进行充电，或者将其直流电供应至逆变器30；DC-DC转换器50管理电池电压并执行电压提升功能；低压12V电池40利用由DC-DC转换器50提供的直流电来进行充电。
发动机10的曲轴带轮通过MHSG传动带11连接至MHSG 20的电机输出轴带轮。相应地，当发动机10起动时，其是通过从MHSG 20传递过来的驱动力起动的。另一方面，在发动机10起动后，其用来为MHSG 20供应动力。此外，在发动机10和车轮70之间设置了离合器12，以切换动力传递。
当发动机10起动时，MHSG 20用作起动机，所述起动机经由逆变器30、通过从高压48V电池60供应的电力来起动发动机。发动机10起动之后，MHSG 20在车辆减速时将车轮70的旋转动能转化为电能以产生交流电，而在车辆行驶时，MHSG 20利用电机的驱动力来辅助发动机10的扭矩。
逆变器30将高压48V电池60的直流电转换成交流电，以向MHSG20供应直流电，或者将由MHSG 20产生的交流电转换成直流电，以向高压48V电池60或DC-DC转换器50供应直流电。
高压48V电池60在发动机10起动时或在车辆行驶期间发动机扭矩辅助时向逆变器30供应直流电，以使MHSG 20能够将驱动力传递至发动机10。同时，当再生制动期间所产生的交流电通过逆变器30被转换为直流电时，高压48V电池60进行充电。此外，高压48V电池60用来为低压12V电池40和/或电气系统供电。
DC-DC转换器50电连接至逆变器30、高压48V电池60和所述电气系统。DC-DC转换器50将逆变器30或高压48V电池60的直流电电压降至低压12V电池40的充电电压范围内，并向低压12V电池40或所述电气系统供应电压下降的电力。
如图2所示，除了图1所示的部件之外，利用了根据本发明实施方案的在MHSG传动带滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法的轻度混合动力车辆控制系统，进一步包括混合动力控制单元(HCU)100、发动机冷却液温度传感器80和MHSG扭矩检测单元90；混合动力控制单元(HCU)100进行对轻度混合动力装置的总体控制；发动机冷却液温度传感器80检测用于冷却发动机10的冷却液的温度，以将关于冷却液的温度的信息传递至HCU 100；MHSG扭矩检测单元90检测MHSG 20的电机扭矩，以将关于MHSG 20的电机扭矩的信息传递至HCU 100。
HCU 100根据MHSG 20来确定用于发动机扭矩辅助和再生制动的期望的扭矩量，并指示和控制MHSG 20以产生期望的扭矩量。此外，如后面所述，响应于从发动机冷却液温度传感器80和MHSG扭矩检测单元90接收到的检测结果信号，HCU 100确定MHSG传动带11是否滑移，并控制扭矩辅助量或再生扭矩量，以防止MHSG传动带11滑移。
图3A和图3B显示了根据本发明的实施方案的在MHSG传动带滑移的情况下控制轻度混合动力车辆的过程。
参照图3A和图3B，HCU 100首先确定车辆是否进入HEV模式，在所述HEV模式下利用MHSG 20的电机扭矩进行发动机扭矩辅助或再生制动(S100)。
当车辆进入HEV模式时，HCU 100确定在车辆行驶时由MHSG 20来确定辅助发动机扭矩所需的扭矩辅助量，或确定为高压48V电池60充电所需的再生制动量(S110)。HCU 100确定为达到扭矩辅助量或再生制动量而从MHSG 20的电机获取的期望的扭矩量，并向MHSG20输出控制信号，以产生来自MHSG 20的电机的期望的扭矩量(S120)。
响应于从HCU 100接收的控制信号，MHSG 20会产生对应于期望的扭矩量的扭矩。从MHSG 20输出的扭矩通过MHSG传动带11传递至发动机10，MHSG传动带11将MHSG 20的电机输出轴连接至发动机10的曲轴带轮。然而，如果在HEV模式下MHSG传动带11由于MHSG的驱动扭矩和曲轴带轮的扭矩之间的差异而发生滑移，则来自MHSG 20的实际输出扭矩与由HCU100确定的期望的扭矩量不同。实际输出扭矩和期望的扭矩量之间的差异随着滑移的增加而增加。
鉴于本发明中的上述事实，HCU 100确定由MHSG扭矩检测单元90检测的MHSG 20的实际输出扭矩与期望的扭矩量之间的差异是否超过预定参考值(S140)。当MHSG 20的实际输出扭矩与期望的扭矩量之间的差异超过预定参考值时，HCU 100确定MHSG传动带11发生滑移(S150)。如果MHSG 20的实际输出扭矩与期望的扭矩量之间的差异在预定参考值范围内，则HCU 100允许在期望的扭矩量保持不变的情况下进行扭矩辅助或再生制动(S230)。
在本发明的实施方案中，当MHSG传动带11被确定为发生滑移时，HCU 100控制来自MHSG 20的扭矩输出量，直到通过减少扭矩辅助期间的扭矩辅助量和减少再生制动期间的再生制动扭矩量而使得滑移被消除(S190和S200)。
同时，在本发明的实施方案中，当基于来自MHSG 20的实际输出扭矩与由HCU 100确定的期望的扭矩量之间的差异确定出MHSG传动带11发生滑移时，还确定出了滑移是由于MHSG传动带11劣化还是由于在冷起动期间机油粘度低造成的发动机摩擦而发生的。具体地，与另一混合动力装置相比(在所述另一混合动力装置中，传动带将交流发电机连接至MHSG)，对将发动机10连接至MHSG 20的MHSG传动带11施加更大的扭矩。相应地，由于频繁发生扭矩辅助和再生扭矩而引起的传动带劣化加速，导致了涉及迅速的传动带劣化、传动带滑移、噪音等有关的问题，因此需要更换传动带。
相应地，在本发明的实施方案中，当确定出MHSG传动带11发生滑移时，利用关于冷却液温度和发动机驱动时间的信息来确定滑移是由于MHSG传动带11劣化还是由于在冷起动期间机油粘度低造成的发动机摩擦而发生的。
为此，HCU 100首先控制发动机冷却液温度传感器80来测量发动机冷却液温度，并接收关于所测量的冷却液温度的信息(S160)。
HCU 100根据关于发动机冷却液温度的信息和关于发动机驱动后经过的时间的信息，来确定MHSG传动带11是否由于MHSG传动带11的劣化而发生滑移。具体而言，当所测量的发动机冷却液温度低于预定参考值，且在发动机10驱动后未经过预定时间时，发动机10被确定为处于冷机状态(cold situation)。在这种情况下，由于不可能检查由于发动机扭矩辅助和再生制动而引起的传动带滑移是否是由于发动机摩擦或劣化而发生的，因此滑移被确定为是由于冷起动期间发动机摩擦而发生的(S210)。通过这一过程，劣化诊断条件被限制为在发动机10预热后进行。
同时，当所测量的发动机冷却液温度等于或大于预定参考值，且发动机10驱动后经过了预定时间时，则发动机10的预热在发动机10的冷机状态过后完成。因此，在这种情况下，MHSG传动带11被确定为由于其劣化而发生滑移(S170)。
当MHSG传动带11被确定为由于其劣化而发生滑移时，HCU 100通过减少扭矩辅助期间的扭矩辅助量和减少再生制动期间的再生制动扭矩量，来校正来自MHSG 20的扭矩输出量，直到滑移被消除，即，直到期望的扭矩量和MHSG 20的实际输出扭矩量之间的差值处于预定范围之内，以防止传动带因其劣化而发生滑移(S190)。
根据本发明的实施方案，当HCU 100确定出MHSG传动带11由于其劣化而发生滑移时，通过车辆中安装的扬声器输出语音消息，或在屏幕(例如，车辆中安装的仪表板)上输出文本消息，以通知驾驶员MHSG传动带11劣化并因此需要更换。通过这一过程，驾驶员可以识别MHSG传动带11中出现的劣化，从而采取适当的措施(例如，更换)。
根据本发明的实施方案，当HCU 100确定出MHSG传动带11由于其劣化而发生滑移时，涉及传动带滑移的诊断故障码(DTC)被存储在车辆中的存储装置中。通过这一过程，可以在进一步的维护过程中容易地诊断车辆中的振动和噪声的起因，并可以降低车辆维护成本。
当MHSG传动带11被确定为在冷机状态下发生滑移时，HCU 100通过根据滑移程度，减少扭矩辅助期间的扭矩辅助量和减少再生制动期间的再生制动扭矩，来修正来自MHSG20的扭矩输出量，直到滑移被消除，即，直到期望的扭矩量和MHSG 20的实际输出扭矩量之间的差异处于预定范围之内(S220)。
当通过在步骤S190或S220中修正期望的扭矩量而使得期望的扭矩量与MHSG 20的实际扭矩输出量之间的差异被保持在预定范围内时，则确定消除了滑移现象，并在保持经修正的期望的扭矩量的情况下进行了扭矩辅助或再生制动(S230)。
根据本发明的实施方案，通过准确诊断MHSG传动带11由于其劣化而发生滑移，并根据诊断结果来修正MHSG 20的期望的扭矩量，一定可以消除滑移现象；并可以通知驾驶员传动带是否已经劣化，以采取适当的措施(例如，更换传动带)。
根据本发明的实施方案，可以有效地提高HEV(混合动力电动车辆)基本上想要达到的动力性能和燃料效率，从而能够控制扭矩，以准确地确定传动带是否发生滑移，并抑制混合动力车辆中的传动带滑移。
此外，可以通过迅速消除滑移现象和抑制在传动带发生滑移的情况下出现的噪声和车辆振动，来为驾驶员提供舒适的驾驶灵敏度。此外，通过防止车辆由于噪音或振动而被错误地保养，可以抑制车辆维护成本的增加。
结合本文中公开的实施方案来描述的逻辑块、模块或单元可以由计算装置实施或执行，所述计算装置具有至少一个处理器、至少一个存储器和至少一个通信接口。结合本文中公开的实施方案来描述的方法、过程或算法中的元件可以直接在硬件中实施，可以在由至少一个处理器执行的软件模块中实施，或者可以在上述两者的组合中实施。用于实施结合本文中公开的实施方案来描述的方法、过程或算法的计算机可执行指令，可以存储在非易失性计算机可读存储介质中。
尽管参考具体实施方案对本发明进行了描述，但是本技术领域的技术人员将明了可以做各种改变和修改而不偏离本发明的精神、方面和范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种在轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带发生滑移的情况下控制混合动力车辆的方法，所述混合动力车辆包括轻度混合动力起动机发电机、发动机、连接轻度混合动力起动机发电机和发动机的轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带，所述方法包括：
在车辆行驶时，根据轻度混合动力起动机发电机来确定扭矩辅助量或再生制动量；
基于所述扭矩辅助量或所述再生制动量，指示轻度混合动力起动机发电机来产生期望的扭矩量；
检测来自轻度混合动力起动机发电机的输出扭矩，以将所述输出扭矩与所述期望的扭矩量进行比较；
当实际扭矩和所述期望的扭矩量之间的差异超过基准值时，确定在轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带中发生滑移，并进行用于防止滑移的控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，用于防止滑移的控制是通过修正扭矩辅助所需的扭矩辅助量或再生制动所需的再生制动量来执行，直到确定为没有发生滑移。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，当实际扭矩和所述期望的扭矩量之间的差异等于或小于基准值时，基于期望的扭矩量来进行扭矩辅助或再生制动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括：
当确定轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带发生滑移时，确定发动机冷却液温度是否超过参考值，以及在发动机驱动后是否经过预定时间；
当确定发动机冷却液温度超过参考值，并且在发动机驱动后经过预定时间时，则确定由于轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带的劣化而发生滑移。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括：
当确定轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带发生滑移时，确定发动机冷却液温度是否超过参考值，以及在发动机驱动后是否经过预定时间；
当确定发动机冷却液温度未超过参考值，并且在发动机驱动后未经过预定时间时，确定由于发动机在冷机状态下驱动而发生滑移。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，当确定滑移是由于轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带的劣化而发生时，通过车辆中安装的扬声器来输出语音消息，或在例如车辆中安装的仪表板的屏幕上输出文本消息，以便通知驾驶员轻度混合动力起动机发电机传动带劣化，并且与此相关的诊断故障码被存储在车辆中的存储装置中。
7.一种非易失性计算机可读存储介质，其存储用于实施根据权利要求1所述的方法的计算机可执行指令。
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