CN108192328A - 一种可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料及其制备方法,由PLA/PP复合材料与化学发泡剂按照合适的配比混合均匀,在注塑机进行微发泡成型,制备可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其中PLA/PP复合材按重量份由HMSPP15‑25份、功能化PP10‑20份、改性PLA47‑67份、改性无机成核剂 3‑8份、抗氧剂0.2‑0.4份、润滑剂 0.5‑1份、其他助剂0‑2份制备而成。本发明制得PLA/PP复合材料熔体强度高,力学性能优异,可直接采用注塑微发泡成型工艺获得泡孔细腻均匀、平均直径低于79um的产品,该成型工艺简单,产品设计自由度高,便于工业化应用,可实现大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子技术领域,具体涉及一种可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料及其制备方法。
技术背景
聚乳酸(PLA)是一种可生物降解材料,具有无毒无刺激、生物相容性好、强度高、收缩率低、可塑性强、易于加工成型的优点,作为新型绿色塑料一直备受关注,被广泛应用于众多领域。近年来随着石油资源日益紧张,环境污染越来越严重,聚乳酸发泡材料因其显著降低材料密度,节省材料用量,比强度高,受到研究者的广泛关注。然而PLA属于线性半结晶型聚合物、支化低,长支链少、易发生分子链断裂的热氧化降解或水解,导致脆性高、熔体粘度和强度低,在发泡成型过程中熔体难以支撑泡孔生长,发生破裂、并泡、塌陷等缺陷,影响聚乳酸的力学性能,制约聚乳酸的应用范围。要想获得发泡性能优异的PLA,如何提高熔体强度是关键技术。高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)通过对聚丙烯(PP)改性获得长支或宽相对分子量分布的化结构,具有较高的熔体强度,较高的耐热性和弹性模量,在热成型、吹塑薄膜、挤出涂覆、挤出或注塑发泡等领域具有广泛的用途,因此利用其特性来改善聚乳酸的发泡特性,来扩宽聚乳酸的应用领域,但是聚乳酸与聚丙烯极性不同,为完全不相容体系,两者难以达到均匀的分散,无法获得性能优异的PLA/PP合金材料。
中国发明专利CN106905676A公开一种聚乳酸-聚丙烯合金发泡材料的制备方法,采用两个串联单螺杆挤出机完成一次发泡成型,获得密度低、发泡倍率高的PLA/PP发泡片材。该挤出发泡成型周期长,能耗高,只适合结构简单的片材、对结构复杂的发泡产品难以适用,无法获得大型塑料微发泡制件(如门板、保险杠),更难实现自动化。注塑发泡成型技术作为一项革新的精密注塑技术,即在注塑成型过程加工引入微孔,得到泡孔直径在10-100um的发泡材料,作为一种新型的加工工艺,其特点就是成型周期短,生产率高,可一次成型结构复杂,尺寸要求高的发泡制件,容易实现自动化操作。注塑发泡成型工艺根据气源来源可分为物理发泡法和化学发泡法,物理发泡法将超临界流体(如氮气、二氧化碳等)作为发泡剂注入到注塑机加热筒内的熔融注塑中产生微孔成型,但需要对注塑机进行设备改造,增加气体发生器、气体水泵送装置或者流量调节装置,设备投资高,工艺复杂,由于气体受到气压控制释放,表面外观缺陷差,与物理发泡相比,化学发泡法即将复合材料与化学发泡剂(如碳酸氢钠、偶氮二甲酰胺等)混合均匀,直接加入注塑设备中可实现直接发泡成型,所需设备简单、适用范围广,便于控制,成本较低,可生产轻质、尺寸稳定性好的外观产品,受到了研究者的广泛研究,对汽车轻量化和节能减耗具有重要的意义,在汽车领域将逐步应用。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明要解决PLA熔体粘度和强度低,在发泡成型过程中熔体难以支撑泡孔生长,发生破裂、并泡、塌陷等缺陷;聚乳酸与聚丙烯极性不同,为完全不相容体系,两者难以均匀的分散;挤出发泡成型周期长,能耗高,不利于自动化生产等问题。本发明提供一种可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料及其制备方法。
本发明制得PLA/PP复合材料熔体强度高,力学性能优异,与碳酸氢钠类化学发泡剂混合均匀后,可直接采用注塑微发泡成型工艺获得泡孔细腻、平均直径低于79um均匀的产品,该成型工艺简单,产品设计自由度高,便于工业化应用,实现大批量生产。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,由下列原料按重量百分比制备而成:
PLA/PP复合材料97-99%
化学发泡剂1-3%
其中所述的PLA/PP复合材料由下列原料按重量份制备而成:
进一步方案,所述功能化PP是PP粉经过功能性单体经引发剂接枝共聚所得。
进一步方案,所述功能性单体为季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的至少一种。
进一步方案,所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷的至少一种。
进一步方案,所述改性聚乳酸为1,4-丁二醇经酸醇缩合扩链后,再由异氰酸酯化合物接枝反应得到的。
进一步方案,所述1,4-丁二醇为工业级,有效含量(wt%)≥99;所述的异氰酸酯化合物为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯的至少一种。
进一步方案,所述的无机成核剂为二氧化硅、滑石粉、碳酸钙、硅灰石、蒙脱土的至少一种。
进一步方案,所述抗氧剂选自受阻酚类抗氧剂、硫代硫酸酯类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的至少一种;
所述受阻酚类抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010,所述硫代硫酸酯类抗氧剂为抗氧剂DLTP,所述亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂为抗氧剂168。
进一步方案,所述其他助剂为紫外光吸收剂、表面光亮剂、光稳定剂、抗静电剂或着色剂的至少一种。
进一步方案,所述化学发泡剂为碳酸氢钠被LDPE包裹的化学发泡剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取3-10份氨基硅烷偶联剂加入100mL乙醇:水体积为90:1的溶液中,室温搅拌10-30min,缓慢加入无机成核剂;升温至50-60℃恒温回流搅拌24-48h,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤3-5次,将离心产物50-80℃真空干燥24h-48h,干燥后的产物进行研磨,最终得到改性无机成核剂;
(2)称取77-90份PP粉、3-10份引发剂、适量二甲苯置于带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的反应器中,40℃-50℃搅拌10-30min,加入10-20份功能性单体、通入氮气保护,100-130℃恒温回流搅拌2-4h,反应结束后,降至室温,接枝物用丙酮抽提48h至恒重,得到功能性聚丙烯;
(3)称取60-75份PLA加入反应器中,升温160℃,通入氮气保护,加入催化剂,加入5-10份1,4-丁二醇,140-160℃恒温反应1-3H,接着缓慢滴加15-30份异氰酸酯化合物进行接枝,140-160℃恒温10-30min,反应结束后,用足量三氯甲烷溶解,再丙酮洗涤后,50-60℃真空烘干得到改性PLA;
(4)称取步骤(1)制得改性无机成核剂3-8份、称取步骤(2)制得功能化PP10-20份、称取步骤(3)制得的改性PLA 47-67份、再称取HMSPP 15-25份、抗氧剂0.2-0.4份,润滑剂0.5-1份以及其他助剂0-2份加入高速混合机中搅拌至均匀,然后投入同向双螺杆挤出机后,经过熔融挤出,造粒,制得PLA/PP复合材料;其中挤出机的挤出温度为175-195℃,螺杆转速为350-400r/min,真空度为-0.06—-0.08MPa;
(5)将97-99wt%的PLA/PP复合材料和1-3wt%的化学发泡剂混合均匀后,在注塑机中进行微发泡成型制得PLA/PP化学微发泡复合材料,其中注塑温度为185-205℃。
本发明的有益效果
通过引发剂引发PP粉形成大分子链自由基、大分子链自由基与功能性单体发生接枝共聚自制功能化PP,使得PP链段中-OH或环氧基团的官能团功能化。PLA采用1,4-丁二醇经酸醇缩合扩链后用异氰酸酯接枝,与功能化PP、HMSPP熔融、改性无机成核剂共混后,改性聚乳酸的NCO基团,与功能性PP中-OH或环氧基团的官能团发生接枝化学反应,一端与PLA连接,另一端与HMSPP聚丙烯链段相互缠结,三相形成交联网络形,增加PLA分子量与支化度,从而增进PLA与HMSPP的相容性,增强HMSPP与PLA的界面结合力,从而提高复合材料的熔体强度,为发泡提供必需的场所。无机成核剂采用含有氨基的硅烷偶联剂进行表面修饰,改善无机成核剂的表面活性,氨基与PLA端NCO发生反应生产脲基甲酸酯,促进无机成核剂在基体中均匀分散,分解产生的气核以无机成核剂为成核点,形成致密的泡核,较高的熔体在泡孔生长中对气泡有效束缚,支撑泡孔的生长,从而获得泡孔致密、均匀的PLA/PP发泡复合材料。
本发明将PLA/PP复合材料与碳酸氢钠类化学发泡剂混合均匀后,采用注塑微发泡成型工艺,获得泡孔平均直径低于79um的PLA/PP化学微发泡复合材料,碳酸氢钠类化学发泡剂分解产生二氧化碳,对环境无污染,是一种绿色、环保、可降解材料。该成型方法工艺简单,产品设计自由度高,便于工业化应用。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例中的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料是由下列原料按照重量百分比组成:
PLA/PP复合材料99%
化学发泡剂1%
其中,PLA/PP复合材料是由下列原料按照重量份组成:
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取3份γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂加入100mL乙醇:水体积为90:1的溶液中,室温搅拌10-30min,缓慢加入97份二氧化硅。升温至50-60℃恒温回流搅拌24-48h,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤3-5次,将离心产物50-80℃真空干燥24h-48h,干燥后的产物进行研磨,最终得到改性二氧化硅;
(2)称取90份PP粉、3份过氧化苯甲酰、适量二甲苯置于带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的反应器中,40℃-50℃搅拌10-30min,加入10份季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯通入氮气保护,100-130℃恒温回流搅拌2-4h,反应结束后,降至室温,接枝物用丙酮抽提48h至恒重,得到功能化PP;
(3)称取75份PLA加入反应器中,升温160℃,通入氮气保护,加入催化剂,加入5份1,4-丁二醇,140-160℃恒温反应1-3H,接着缓慢滴加15份甲苯二异氰酸酯进行接枝,140-160℃恒温10-30min,反应结束后,用足量三氯甲烷溶解,再丙酮洗涤后,50-60℃真空烘干得到改性PLA;
(4)称取步骤(1)制得改性二氧化硅3份、称取步骤(2)制得功能性聚丙烯10份、称取步骤(3)制得的改性聚乳酸67份、再称取HMSPP 20份、抗氧剂1010 0.1份、抗氧剂168 0.1份、硬脂酸钙0.5份加入高速混合机中搅拌至均匀,然后投入同向双螺杆挤出机后,经过熔融挤出,造粒,制得PLA/PP复合材料;其中挤出机的挤出温度为175-195℃,螺杆转速为350-400r/min,真空度为-0.06—-0.08MPa;
(5)将99wt%的PLA/PP复合材料和1wt%的化学发泡剂混合均匀后,在注塑机中进行微发泡成型制得PLA/PP化学微发泡复合材料,其中注塑温度为185-205℃。
实施例2
本实施例中的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料是由下列原料按照重量百分比组成:
PLA/PP复合材料 97%
化学发泡剂 3%
其中,PLA/PP复合材料是由下列原料按照重量份组成:
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取10份γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂加入100mL乙醇:水体积为90:1的溶液中,室温搅拌10-30min,缓慢加入90份碳酸钙。升温至50-60℃恒温回流搅拌24-48h,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤3-5次,将离心产物50-80℃真空干燥24h-48h,干燥后的产物进行研磨,最终得到改性碳酸钙;
(2)称取80份PP粉、10份2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷、适量二甲苯置于带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的反应器中,40℃-50℃搅拌10-30min,加入20份季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯通入氮气保护,100-130℃恒温回流搅拌2-4h,反应结束后,降至室温,接枝物用丙酮抽提48h至恒重,得到功能性PP;
(3)称取60份PLA加入反应器中,升温160℃,通入氮气保护,加入催化剂,加入10份1,4-丁二醇,140-160℃恒温反应1-3H,接着缓慢滴加30份六亚甲基二异氰酸酯进行接枝,140-160℃恒温10-30min,反应结束后,用足量三氯甲烷溶解,再丙酮洗涤后,50-60℃真空烘干得到改性PLA;
(4)称取步骤(1)制得改性碳酸钙8份、称取步骤(2)制得功能性PP 20份、称取步骤(3)制得的改性PLA 47份、再称取HMSPP 25份、抗氧剂1010 0.2份、抗氧剂168 0.2份、硬脂酸钙1份加入高速混合机中搅拌至均匀,然后投入同向双螺杆挤出机后,经过熔融挤出,造粒,制得PLA/PP复合材料;其中挤出机的挤出温度为175-195℃,螺杆转速为350-400r/min,真空度为-0.06—-0.08MPa;
(5)将97wt%的PLA/PP复合材料和3wt%的化学发泡剂混合均匀后,在注塑机中进行微发泡成型制得PLA/PP化学微发泡复合材料,其中注塑温度为185-205℃。
实施例3
本实施例中的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料是由下列原料按照重量百分比组成:
PLA/PP复合材料 97.5%
化学发泡剂 2.5%
其中,PLA/PP复合材料是由下列原料按照重量份组成:
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)称取6份γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂加入100mL乙醇:水体积为90:1的溶液中,室温搅拌10-30min,缓慢加入94份二氧化硅。升温至50-60℃恒温回流搅拌24-48h,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤3-5次,将离心产物50-80℃真空干燥24h-48h,干燥后的产物进行研磨,最终得到改性二氧化硅;
(2)称取77份PP粉、8份过氧化苯甲酰、适量二甲苯置于带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的反应器中,40℃-50℃搅拌10-30min,加入15份甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、通入氮气保护,100-130℃恒温回流搅拌2-4h,反应结束后,降至室温,接枝物用丙酮抽提48h至恒重,得到功能化PP;
(3)称取67份PLA加入反应器中,升温160℃,通入氮气保护,加入催化剂,加入8份1,4-丁二醇,140-160℃恒温反应1-3H,接着缓慢滴加25份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯进行接枝,140-160℃恒温10-30min,反应结束后,用足量三氯甲烷溶解,再丙酮洗涤后,50-60℃真空烘干得到改性PLA;
(4)称取步骤(1)制得改性二氧化硅5份、称取步骤(2)制得功能化PP 15份、称取步骤(3)制得的改性PLA 65份、再称取HMSPP 15份、抗氧剂DLTP 0.15份、抗氧剂168 0.15份、硬脂酸钙0.75份、紫外光吸收剂0.5份、光稳定剂0.5份、着色剂1份加入高速混合机中搅拌至均匀,然后投入同向双螺杆挤出机后,经过熔融挤出,造粒,制得PLA/PP复合材料;其中挤出机的挤出温度为175-195℃,螺杆转速为350-400r/min,真空度为-0.06—-0.08MPa;
(5)将97.5wt%的PLA/PP复合材料和2.5wt%的化学发泡剂混合均匀后,在注塑机中进行微发泡成型制得PLA/PP化学微发泡复合材料,其中注塑温度为185-205℃。
对比例
本对比例中的聚乳酸/聚丙烯微发泡复合材料是由下列原料按照重量百分比组成:
PLA/PP复合材料 97.5%
化学发泡剂 2.5%
其中,PLA/PP复合材料是由下列原料按照重量份组成:
具体制备方法包括以下步骤:
(4)将HMSPP 20份、PLA 80份、抗氧剂1010 0.15份、抗氧剂168 0.15份、硬脂酸钙0.5份在高速混合机中混合均匀,经过熔融挤出,造粒,制得PLA/PP复合材料;其中挤出机的挤出温度为175-195℃,螺杆转速为350-400r/min,真空度为-0.06—-0.08MPa。
(5)将97.5wt%的PLA/PP复合材料和2.5wt%的化学发泡剂混合均匀后,在注塑机中进行微发泡成型制得PLA/PP微发泡复合材料,其中注塑温度为185-205℃。
将上述实施例1-3以及对比例制得的PLA/PP化学微发泡复合材料主要物性指标根据相关检测标准测试,其泡孔平均直径、拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、熔体强度的检测标准与检测结果如下表1所示:
检测方法 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例 | |
泡孔平均直径(um) | Image图像处理 | 77 | 60 | 69 | 146 |
拉伸强度(MPa) | GB/T1040-2006 | 53 | 44 | 49 | 38 |
缺口冲击强度(KJ/m2) | GB/T1043-1993 | 13 | 20 | 15 | 5.3 |
弯曲强度(MPa) | GB/T9341-2000 | 79 | 65 | 70 | 55.8 |
弯曲模量(MPa) | GB/T9341-2000 | 2624 | 2348 | 2425 | 1867 |
熔体强度(CN) | 毛细血管流变仪 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 3.7 | 1.8 |
如在本发明的制备组份中添加紫外光吸收剂、光稳定剂、抗静电剂、着色剂等功能助剂,使复合材料具有相应特性亦受本发明保护。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优势:
从表1数据实施例与对比例数据可以看出,PLA采用1,4-丁二醇扩链后用异氰酸酯接枝后,与功能化PP、HMSPP熔融、改性无机成核剂共混后,改性PLA的NCO基团,与功能性PP中-OH或环氧基团的官能团发生接枝化学反应,一端与PLA连接,另一端与HMSPP聚丙烯链段相互缠结,三相形成交联网络形,增加PLA分子量与支化度,从而增进PLA与HMSPP的相容性,增强HMSPP与PLA的界面结合力,从而提高复合材料的熔体强度,为发泡提供必需的场所。无机成核剂采用含有氨基的硅烷偶联剂进行表面修饰,改善无机成核剂的表面活性,氨基与PLA端NCO发生反应生产脲基甲酸酯,促进无机成核剂在基体中均匀分散,分解产生的气核以无机成核剂为成核点,形成致密的泡核,较高的熔体在泡孔生长中对气泡有效束缚,支撑泡孔的生长,从而获得泡孔致密均匀、泡孔平均直径低于79um PLA/PP发泡复合材料。本发明制得PLA/PP复合材料熔体强度高,力学性能优异,可直接采用注塑微发泡成型工艺获得泡孔细腻均匀的产品,该成型工艺简单,产品设计自由度高,便于工业化应用,实现大批量生产。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于这里的实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:由下列原料按重量百分比制备而成:
PLA/PP复合材料97-99%,
化学发泡剂 1-3%;
其中所述的PLA/PP复合材料由下列原料按重量份制备而成:
HMSPP 15-25份,
功能化PP 10-20份,
改性PLA 47-67份,
改性无机成核剂 3-8份,
抗氧剂 0.2-0.4份,
润滑剂 0.5-1份,
其他助剂 0-2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述功能化PP是PP粉经功能性单体和引发剂接枝改性所得。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述功能性单体为季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的至少一种;所述引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述改性聚乳酸为1,4-丁二醇经酸醇缩合扩链后,再由异氰酸酯化合物接枝反应得到的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述1,4-丁二醇为工业级,有效含量(wt%)≥99;所述的异氰酸酯化合物为甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述的无机成核剂为二氧化硅、滑石粉、碳酸钙、硅灰石、蒙脱土的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂选自受阻酚类抗氧剂、硫代硫酸酯类抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂中的至少一种;所述受阻酚类抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010,所述硫代硫酸酯类抗氧剂为抗氧剂DLTP,所述亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂为抗氧剂168。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述其他助剂为紫外光吸收剂、表面光亮剂、光稳定剂、抗静电剂或着色剂的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料,其特征在于:所述化学发泡剂为碳酸氢钠被LDPE包覆的化学发泡剂。
10.制备权利要求1所述的可直接注塑的聚乳酸/聚丙烯化学微发泡复合材料的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取3-10份氨基硅烷偶联剂加入100mL乙醇:水体积为90:1的溶液中,室温搅拌10-30min,缓慢加入无机成核剂;升温至50-60℃恒温回流搅拌24-48h,离心分离,用去离子水洗涤3-5次,将离心产物50-80℃真空干燥24h-48h,干燥后的产物进行研磨,最终得到改性无机成核剂;
(2)称取77-90份PP粉、3-10份引发剂、适量二甲苯置于带有搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管的反应器中,40℃-50℃搅拌10-30min,加入10-20份功能性单体、通入氮气保护,100-130℃恒温回流搅拌2-4h,反应结束后,降至室温,接枝物用丙酮抽提48h 至恒重,得到功能化PP;
(3)称取60-75份PLA加入反应器中,升温160℃,通入氮气保护,加入催化剂,加入5-10份1,4-丁二醇,140-160℃恒温反应1-3H,接着缓慢滴加15-30份异氰酸酯化合物进行接枝,140-160℃恒温10-30min,反应结束后,用足量三氯甲烷溶解,再丙酮洗涤后,50-60℃真空烘干得到改性PLA;
(4)称取步骤(1)制得的改性无机成核剂3-8份、称取步骤(2)制得的功能化PP 10-20份、称取步骤(3)制得的改性PLA 47-67份、再称取HMSPP15-25份、抗氧剂0.2-0.4份,润滑剂0.5-1份以及其他助剂0-2份加入高速混合机中搅拌至均匀,然后投入同向双螺杆挤出机后,经过熔融挤出,造粒,制得PLA/PP复合材料;其中挤出机的挤出温度为175-195℃,螺杆转速为350-400r/min,真空度为-0.06—-0.08MPa;
(5)将97-99wt%的PLA/PP复合材料和1-3wt%的化学发泡剂混合均匀后,在注塑机中进行微发泡成型制得PLA/PP化学微发泡复合材料,其中注塑温度为185-205℃。
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