CN108142327A - 罗非鱼的养殖方法 - Google Patents
罗非鱼的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，特别涉及罗非鱼的养殖方法,包括以下制备步骤：取常规罗非鱼专用饲料粉碎至200‑300目，再与中药粉混合均匀，造粒，按照常规的方法进行投喂罗非鱼即可；所述的中药粉的量为常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.03‑0.08％；所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金32‑48份，龙脷叶25‑40份，凉粉草6‑16份。本发明的罗非鱼的养殖方法，与中药粉混合，由于中药粉中铁包金，龙脷叶，凉粉草协同作用，使得养殖得到的罗非鱼，无腥味，且肉质鲜美，肌肉结实，中药粉原料天然无毒，绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域，特别涉及罗非鱼的养殖方法。
背景技术
罗非鱼，俗称：非洲鲫鱼，非鲫、越南鱼、南洋鲫等。原指以莫桑比克为模式产地的口孵非鲫属鱼类物种：莫桑比克口孵非鲫(学名：Oreochromis mossambicus)，现为慈鲷科非鲫属及口孵非鲫属等属数种鱼类的共同俗称；英文里统称为Tilapia。现在它是世界水产业的重点科研培养的淡水养殖鱼类，且被誉为未来动物性蛋白质的主要来源之一。通常生活于淡水中，也能生活于不同盐份含量的咸水中，也可以存活于湖，河，池塘的浅水中。它有很强的适应能力，在面积狭小之水域中亦能繁殖，甚至在水稻田里能够生长，且对溶氧较少之水有极强之适应性。绝大部分罗非鱼是杂食性，常吃水中植物和碎物。
罗非鱼的肉味鲜美，肉质细嫩，无论是红烧还是清烹，味道俱佳。尼罗罗非鱼经测定，每100克肉中含蛋白质20.5克，脂肪6.93克，热量148千卡，钙70毫克，钠50毫克，磷37毫克，铁1毫克，维生素B1 0.1毫克，维生素B2 0.12毫克。罗非鱼已成为世界性的主要养殖鱼类。但是随着需求量变大，野生的罗非鱼已经不能够满足人们的需求。因此人工养殖罗非鱼已经非常普遍，特别是饲料喂养的罗非鱼占居多。但是饲料喂养的罗非鱼，肉质不够鲜美，且肉质松弛，不够结实。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供罗非鱼的养殖方法，通过该方法养殖，得到的罗非鱼肉质鲜美，肌肉组织结实。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供罗非鱼的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：取常规罗非鱼专用饲料粉碎至200-300目，再与中药粉混合均匀，造粒，按照常规的方法进行投喂罗非鱼即可。
本发明所述的中药粉的量为常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.03-0.08％。
本发明所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金32-48份，龙脷叶25-40份，凉粉草6-16份。
优选地，本发明所述的中药粉的量为常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.05％。
优选地，本发明所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金40份，龙脷叶33份，凉粉草11份。
优选地，本发明所述的中药粉制备方法为：按重量份称取全部原料，混合均匀，粉碎至50-100目，加入全部原料同等重量的水，加入全部原料重量0.02-0.1％酵母粉，搅拌均匀，先在30-35℃，密封发酵25-35h，再在15-20℃下，密封发酵8-10h，烘干，粉碎至200-300目即可。
优选地，本发明所述的中药粉制备方法中，在40-50℃下烘干。
本发明所述的中药粉原料中：
铁包金，鼠李科植物老鼠耳Berchemia lineata(L.)DC.的茎和根。性平，味甘、淡、涩。归肺经、心经。据抗菌试验，本品对金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、福氏痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等有抑制作用。理肺止咳、祛瘀止痛、舒肝退黄、健胃消积。属活血化瘀药下属分类的活血止痛药。
龙脷叶，大戟科植物龙利叶Sauropus rostratus Miq.的叶。性平，味甘、淡。归肺经、胃经。含甾类化合物、氨基酸、多肽及蛋白质等成分。润肺止咳、通便。属化痰止咳平喘药下分类的止咳平喘药。龙脷叶提取物对急、慢性炎症均有明显的拮抗作用，且有外周性镇痛作用，但无中枢性镇痛作用；对金黄色葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌耐药株、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、甲型溶血性链球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌均有较强的抑菌作用。
凉粉草，唇形科植物凉粉草Mesona chinese Benth.的地上部分。性寒，味甘、淡。归经无。含黄酮类、酚类、萜类、鞣质、氨基酸、多糖等成分，已从中分离得到齐墩果酸、槲皮素。另据报道，将本品制成降糖制剂，降糖的有效部分为水溶液性部分。消暑解渴、清热解毒。属清热药下属分类的清热凉血药。
本发明所述的常规罗非鱼专用饲料可为天津秋水鱼悦文化传播有限公司生产的28蛋白罗非鱼饲料。常规方法中，每日喂食3-4次，幼鱼日投饵量为体重的3-5％，成鱼日投饵量在体重的1-2％。
相比现有技术，本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的罗非鱼的养殖方法，与中药粉混合，由于中药粉中铁包金，龙脷叶，凉粉草协同作用，使得养殖得到的罗非鱼，无腥味，且肉质鲜美，肌肉结实，中药粉原料天然无毒，绿色环保。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
罗非鱼的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：取常规罗非鱼专用饲料粉碎至200目，再与常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.08％的中药粉混合均匀，造粒，按照常规的方法进行投喂罗非鱼即可。
所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金32份，龙脷叶40份，凉粉草6份。
所述的中药粉制备方法为：按重量份称取全部原料，混合均匀，粉碎至100目，加入全部原料同等重量的水，加入全部原料重量0.02％酵母粉，搅拌均匀，先在35℃，密封发酵25h，再在20℃下，密封发酵8h，在50℃下烘干，粉碎至200目即可。
实施例2
罗非鱼的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：取常规罗非鱼专用饲料粉碎至250目，再与常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.05％的中药粉混合均匀，造粒，按照常规的方法进行投喂罗非鱼即可。
所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金40份，龙脷叶33份，凉粉草11份。
所述的中药粉制备方法为：按重量份称取全部原料，混合均匀，粉碎至80目，加入全部原料同等重量的水，加入全部原料重量0.06％酵母粉，搅拌均匀，先在33℃，密封发酵30h，再在18℃下，密封发酵9h，在45℃下烘干，粉碎至250目即可。
实施例3
罗非鱼的养殖方法，包括以下制备步骤：取常规罗非鱼专用饲料粉碎至300目，再与常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.03％的中药粉混合均匀，造粒，按照常规的方法进行投喂罗非鱼即可。
所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金48份，龙脷叶25份，凉粉草16份。
所述的中药粉制备方法为：按重量份称取全部原料，混合均匀，粉碎至50目，加入全部原料同等重量的水，加入全部原料重量0.1％酵母粉，搅拌均匀，先在30℃，密封发酵35h，再在15℃下，密封发酵10h，在40℃下烘干，粉碎至300目即可。
试验例：使用不同组成的中药粉与常规罗非鱼专用饲料饲养罗非鱼，每个组成的中药粉对应喂养20尾，其余喂养管理方式完全相同，其中，试验期间自然光照，水温为25～28℃，溶氧浓度＞5mg/L，pH 7.8～8.2，氨氮浓度≤0.02mg/L，亚硝酸盐浓度≤0.2mg/L。饲养8周后，对应组别养殖试验结束后禁食24h，每个重复另随机取5尾鱼，煮食后，请10位专业人士对罗非鱼肉质的评定。
表1不同中药液组成对养殖得到的罗非鱼的感官评价
注：上述表格中，除了中药液组成不相同，其它参数步骤与实施例2的一样。
Claims (5)
1.罗非鱼的养殖方法，其特征在于，包括以下制备步骤：取常规罗非鱼专用饲料粉碎至200-300目，再与中药粉混合均匀，造粒，按照常规的方法进行投喂罗非鱼即可；
所述的中药粉的量为常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.03-0.08％；
所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金32-48份，龙脷叶25-40份，凉粉草6-16份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的罗非鱼的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的中药粉的量为常规罗非鱼专用饲料重量的0.05％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的罗非鱼的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的中药粉，由以下重量份的原料制成：铁包金40份，龙脷叶33份，凉粉草11份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的罗非鱼的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的中药粉制备方法为：按重量份称取全部原料，混合均匀，粉碎至50-100目，加入全部原料同等重量的水，加入全部原料重量0.02-0.1％酵母粉，搅拌均匀，先在30-35℃，密封发酵25-35h，再在15-20℃下，密封发酵8-10h，烘干，粉碎至200-300目即可。
5.根据权利要求4所述的罗非鱼的养殖方法，其特征在于：所述的中药粉制备方法中，在40-50℃下烘干。
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