CN106234302A - 一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及畜牧养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,包括,雏鸡饲养管理:在雏鸡出壳5‑7h后,将其移至育雏室,当雏鸡出现觅食行为后,对雏鸡喂食营养水。雏鸡喝饱营养水后,进行开食,每天对雏鸡投喂6‑8次开食料,开食4‑5天后,每天对雏鸡投喂5‑7次的雏鸡饲料,雏养期为4‑5周。育成鸡饲养管理:雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍,每天喂食2‑4次育成饲料。产蛋鸡饲养管理:育成鸡进入产蛋期后每天喂食2‑4次产蛋饲料,并且喂食酸浆水煮液,所述营养水为卷心菜榨汁过滤取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。使用本发明方法养殖绿壳蛋鸡产蛋率高,鸡蛋营养成分全面丰富,并且绿色生态,无激素残留。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及畜牧业养殖技术领域,具体是一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法。
【背景技术】
绿壳蛋鸡又名湖北华绿黑鸡,三峡黑鸡、原种场位于湖北宜昌、因产绿壳蛋而得名,其特征是所产蛋的外壳颜色呈绿色,是我国特有禽种,被农业部列为“全国特种资源保护项目”
绿壳蛋鸡像一个天然的营养加工厂,在食用桔梗皮、豆梗、玉米等独创性饲料后,不仅不易被疫病传染,而且对微量元素、维生素、矿物质有极强的富集性,它大量吸收这些营养物质并转化到蛋中,蛋内的主要营养成分硒、锌、碘比普通鸡蛋高3-6倍,胆固醇含量低20%,蛋白质含量高12.7%,同时还富含卵磷脂、脑磷脂、神经磷脂、高密度脂蛋白、维生素A、B、C、E以及微量元素,其中维生素E的含量比普通鸡蛋高2-3倍,并富含人体所必要的多种氨基酸,尤其是赖氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸含量特别高,蛋黄中的哈氏单位β球蛋白和γ球蛋白均明显高于其它鸡种,这与临床上提高免疫功能相一致。
更可贵的是蛋黄胆固醇和全蛋胆固醇含量比普通鸡蛋低40%左右。绿壳鸡蛋属于高维生素、高微量元素、高氨基酸、低胆固醇、低脂肪的理想天然保健食品,已被国家绿色食品发展中心批准认定为“绿色食品”,被国家卫生部批准为“保健食品”,被誉为“鸡蛋中的人参”,更有国外友人称之为“东方神蛋”。
由于绿壳蛋食用价值高,所以现在被广泛的养殖。由于畜牧业现代化、集约化、规模化进度的加快,为增加自身收益和预防密集养殖各种传染疾病的发生,会定期在饲料中添加各种各样抗生素和激素,造成病原体抗药性提高和畜禽产品药物残留加重。随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们对自身的身体健康更为关注,最主要的表现形式之一就是对绿色产品的要求,所以提供一种绿色生态、产蛋率高、并且营养价值高的绿壳蛋鸡养殖方法成为当前迫切需要解决的问题。
【发明内容】
鉴于以上内容,有必要提供一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法。
一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,包括雏鸡饲养管理、育成鸡饲养管理、产蛋鸡饲养管理,
(1)雏鸡饲养管理:在雏鸡出壳5-7h后,将其移至育雏室,当雏鸡出现觅食行为后,对雏鸡喂食营养水,雏鸡喝饱营养水后,进行开食,每天对雏鸡投喂6-8次开食料,开食4-5天后,每天对雏鸡投喂5-7次的雏鸡饲料,雏养期为4-5周;
(2)育成鸡饲养管理:雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍,每天喂食2-4次育成饲料;
(3)产蛋鸡饲养管理:育成鸡进入产蛋期后每天喂食2-4次产蛋饲料,并且喂食酸浆水煮液;
所述营养水制备方法为,卷心菜榨汁过滤,取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。
进一步的,所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉70份、豆粕15份、鱼粉2份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.1份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜2份、马齿苋1份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿0.6份、太白菊0.7份
进一步的,所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉60份、骨粉6份、豆粕12份、鱼粉10份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜5份、马齿苋2份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.7份。
进一步的,所述产蛋饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉75份、骨粉4份、豆粕25份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、甘蔗渣1份、牛筋草0.5份、卷心菜15份、马齿苋3份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.5份、酸浆1份。
进一步的,所述酸浆水煮液由以下重量份数原料配制而成:酸浆5-10份、水100-150份、马齿苋1-2份。
进一步的,所述酸浆水煮液制备方法为在锅中分别加入酸浆、水,煮沸20-30分钟,再加入马齿苋煮沸5-10分钟,过滤取滤液即可得到酸浆水。
进一步的,所述育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰,石灰上铺有4-5cm厚的垫草,育雏室温度为33-35℃,湿度控制为60%-70%。
进一步的,所述雏鸡饲养管理采用室内饲养,所述育成鸡、产蛋鸡采用室外放养。
牛筋草别名蟋蟀草、路边草、鸭脚草、蹲倒驴、牛顿草、千人踏,功能主治:清热解毒,祛风利湿,散瘀止血。用于防治流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎,风湿性关节炎,黄疸型肝炎,小儿消化不良,肠炎,痢疾,尿道炎;外用治跌打损伤,外伤出血,狗咬伤;秆叶强韧,全株可作饲料。
卷心菜学名结球甘蓝,是十字花科、芸薹属的植物,矮且粗壮一年生茎肉质,不分枝,绿色或灰绿色。基生叶多数,质厚,层层包裹成球状体,扁球形,直径10-30厘米或更大,乳白色或淡绿色。卷心菜富含维生素C、维生素B1、叶酸、维生素K、维生素U、绿原酸和钾,还有丰富的矿物质。新鲜的卷心菜中含有植物杀菌素,有抗菌消炎的作用。
马齿苋别名马齿菜、马苋菜、猪母菜、瓜仁菜、瓜子菜、长寿菜、马蛇子菜,全草含左旋去甲肾上腺素,并含有多巴明焦性儿茶酚,多巴;此外,尚含维生素A样物质,维生素B1、B2、PP、C、胡萝卜素、皂甙、鞣质、树脂、脂肪、尿素(urea)、钙、磷、铁盐、草酸氢钾、氯化钾、硝酸钾、硫酸钾及其它钾盐。马齿苋对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌均有抑制作用;对常见致病性皮肤真菌亦有抑制作用。
红蓝草爵床科植物,以全草入药,主要分布于我国南部各省。广西壮族人最喜欢采摘此叶熬出汁液,用不同的方法蒸、煮岀红色、蓝(紫)色的糯米饭,红蓝草因此而得名。红蓝草有消炎、清热解毒、利尿、清肺热止咳、散瘀、凉血止血、消肿止痛等功用,研究表明红蓝草提取物具有镇咳祛痰和免疫作用作用,能有效提高免疫作用,此外从红蓝草提取的紫蓝素具有抗乙型肝炎病毒,抗糖尿病,抗氧化等药理活性。
一枝蒿别称蜈蚣草,飞天蜈蚣,羽衣草。具有祛风解表;健胃消积;活血散瘀等功效,有微毒,味辛;微苦;性微湿。全草含针叶春黄菊酸、顺式螺缩酮烯醚多炔、反式-螺缩酮烯醚多炔、胡萝卜、栀子素丁、β-谷甾醇、棕榈酸、一枝蒿酸、一枝蒿酮酸、异一枝蒿酮酸等化学成分。对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、宋内氏痢疾杆菌、弗氏痢疾杆菌有高度的抑菌作用。
太白菊别名肺经草、多年生草本,全体有长柔毛,功能主治:清热解毒,止咳,明目。治肺痈、肺炎、肺结核、百日咳、目疾。
酸浆又名红菇娘、挂金灯、戈力、灯笼草、灯笼果、洛神珠、泡泡草、鬼灯等。含木犀草素-7-β-D-葡萄糖甙、全草含酸浆环氧内酯、全草及根均含酸浆双古豆碱等化学成分。具有清热解毒、镇痛、强心、利咽、化痰和利尿作用。酸浆含有19种以上无机元素,其中无机元素K、P、Ca、Mg和Na的含量最高,此外,果实还含有玉蜀黍黄素、树脂、果胶、鞣质、粘液质、胡萝卜素、槲皮素、咖啡酸、桂皮酸、阿魏酸、甘醇酸、多糖、有机酸类、香豆素类及A、B、c、D、E等8种维生素。
本发明有益效果:
1.本发明通过采用营养水代替传统直接喂养清水方式培育雏鸡,营养水含有植物杀菌素,有抗菌消炎的作用。营养水富含各类矿物质及维生素,而且这矿物质及维生素利于雏鸡的吸收利用,有效提高雏鸡对环境的适应能力。营养水富含维生素C可以增加雏鸡抵抗力和免疫力,减少雏鸡发病率及死亡率。
2.本发明根据绿壳蛋鸡每个阶段对营养需求的不同,通过在开食饲料、育成饲料、产蛋饲料中加入不同分量营养组分。并且在饲料中加入天然的中草药,其中,马齿苋能加强绿壳蛋鸡肠蠕动,增强绿壳蛋鸡对饲料的消化吸收,降低料肉比,给绿壳蛋鸡提供丰富的维生素及微量元素;卷心菜给绿壳蛋鸡提供丰富的维生素及矿物质,有增加抵抗力和免疫力作用,卷心菜中还含有较多的维生素K,不仅有利于肠道的健康,还有助于增强骨质;一枝蒿能有效促进绿壳蛋鸡能提高饲料营养价值,具有较强杀真菌能力,抑制胃肠道有害菌感染,增强机体的培育力和免疫力,促进动物生长发育的功能;牛筋草含多种纤维,还有能显著增加胃肠蠕动和促进胃液分泌等药理作用,提高绿壳蛋鸡对饲料的转化降低料蛋比;太白菊能增强绿壳蛋鸡活力,改善生产性能,提升产蛋率;红蓝草可以可提高动物的免疫和抗氧化能力,维持动物体内环境的正常平衡,保证动物健康发育。中草药各组分合理配伍发挥协同作用,中草药相互配合可以替代饲料中饲用抗生素、激素的添加,促进鸡较快生长,增强绿壳蛋鸡的活力,改善生产性能的功能,提高鸡的免疫力,还对增强鸡的传染性疾病、致病性寄生虫的抵抗能力,提高产蛋率、平均蛋重,降低料蛋比、胆固醇含量。其中在产蛋饲料中加入甘蔗渣改善蛋鸡消化功能,促进营养物质在肠道内的充分吸收,提高饲料利用率;酸浆具有催产增加蛋鸡排卵,延长蛋鸡产蛋期。
3.本发明在蛋鸡产蛋期间喂食酸浆水,具有催产增加蛋鸡排卵,延长蛋鸡产蛋期,提升产蛋率效果。酸浆水还富含利于蛋鸡吸收转化的各种维生素及矿物质元素,提升绿壳鸡蛋的营养价值。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,包括雏鸡饲养管理、育成鸡饲养管理、产蛋鸡饲养管理,其特征在于,
(1)雏鸡饲养管理:预先在育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰,石灰上铺有4cm厚的垫草,保持育雏室温度为33℃,湿度控制为60%,在雏鸡出壳5h后,将其移至育雏室,当雏鸡出现觅食行为后,对雏鸡喂食营养水,雏鸡喝饱营养水后,进行开食,每天对雏鸡投喂6次开食料,开食4天后,每天对雏鸡投喂5次的雏鸡饲料,雏养期为4周,雏养期采用室内喂养;所述营养水为卷心菜榨汁过滤取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉70份、豆粕15份、鱼粉2份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.1份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜2份、马齿苋1份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿0.6份、太白菊0.7份。
(2)育成鸡饲养管理:雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍,每天喂食2次育成饲料,育成期采用室外喂养方式;所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉60份、骨粉6份、豆粕12份、鱼粉10份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜5份、马齿苋2份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.7份。
(3)产蛋鸡饲养管理:育成鸡进入产蛋期后每天喂食2次产蛋饲料,并且喂食酸浆水煮液,产蛋期采用室外喂养方式;所述产蛋饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉75份、骨粉4份、豆粕25份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、甘蔗渣1份、牛筋草0.5份、卷心菜15份、马齿苋3份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.5份、酸浆1份。所述酸浆水煮液制备方法为:按重量份计,取酸浆5份、水100份分别加入锅中煮沸20分钟,再加入马齿苋1份煮沸5分钟,过滤取滤液即可得到酸浆水。
实施例2
(1)雏鸡饲养管理:预先在育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰,石灰上铺有5cm厚的垫草,保持育雏室温度为35℃,湿度控制为70%,在雏鸡出壳7h后,将其移至育雏室,当雏鸡出现觅食行为后,对雏鸡喂食营养水,雏鸡喝饱营养水后,进行开食,每天对雏鸡投喂8次开食料,开食5天后,每天对雏鸡投喂7次的雏鸡饲料,雏养期为5周,雏养期采用室内喂养;所述营养水为卷心菜榨汁过滤取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉70份、豆粕15份、鱼粉2份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.1份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜2份、马齿苋1份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿0.6份、太白菊0.7份。
(2)育成鸡饲养管理:雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍,每天喂食4次育成饲料,育成期采用室外喂养方式;所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉60份、骨粉6份、豆粕12份、鱼粉10份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜5份、马齿苋2份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.7份。
(3)产蛋鸡饲养管理:育成鸡进入产蛋期后每天喂食4次产蛋饲料,并且喂食酸浆水煮液,产蛋期采用室外喂养方式;所述产蛋饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉75份、骨粉4份、豆粕25份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、甘蔗渣1份、牛筋草0.5份、卷心菜15份、马齿苋3份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.5份、酸浆1份。所述酸浆水煮液制备方法为:按重量份计,取酸浆10份、水150份分别加入锅中煮沸30分钟,再加入马齿苋2份煮沸10分钟,过滤取滤液即可得到酸浆水。
实施例3
(1)雏鸡饲养管理:预先在育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰,石灰上铺有4-5cm厚的垫草,保持育雏室温度为34℃,湿度控制为65%,在雏鸡出壳6h后,将其移至育雏室,当雏鸡出现觅食行为后,对雏鸡喂食营养水,雏鸡喝饱营养水后,进行开食,每天对雏鸡投喂7次开食料,开食5天后,每天对雏鸡投喂6次的雏鸡饲料,雏养期为5周,雏养期采用室内喂养;所述营养水为卷心菜榨汁过滤取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉70份、豆粕15份、鱼粉2份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.1份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜2份、马齿苋1份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿0.6份、太白菊0.7份。
(2)育成鸡饲养管理:雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍,每天喂食3次育成饲料,育成期采用室外喂养方式;所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉60份、骨粉6份、豆粕12份、鱼粉10份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜5份、马齿苋2份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.7份。
(3)产蛋鸡饲养管理:育成鸡进入产蛋期后每天喂食3次产蛋饲料,并且喂食酸浆水煮液,产蛋期采用室外喂养方式;所述产蛋饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉75份、骨粉4份、豆粕25份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、甘蔗渣1份、牛筋草0.5份、卷心菜15份、马齿苋3份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.5份、酸浆1份。所述酸浆水煮液制备方法为:按重量份计,取酸浆8份、水130份分别加入锅中煮沸25分钟,再加入马齿苋2份煮沸8分钟,过滤取滤液即可得到酸浆水。
为验证本发明绿壳蛋鸡养殖方法效果,采用以下不同方式进行养殖,将450只绿壳蛋鸡随机平均分成实验组、对照组1、对照组2。实验组采用本发明实施例3方式进行饲养;对照组1采用本发明实施例3方式,但在产蛋期采用喂养清水代替酸浆水方式喂养。对照组2采用本发明实施例3方式喂养,但是饲料中不包含甘蔗渣、牛筋草、卷心菜、马齿苋、红蓝草、一枝蒿、太白菊、酸浆等中草药成分,产蛋期采用喂养清水代替酸浆水。实验组和对照组营养成分相同。结果如下表。
表1、发病率、成活率统计
从上表可以看出采用本发明方法养殖绿壳蛋鸡可以有效提高产蛋率、平均蛋重,降低料蛋比、胆固醇含量。其中本发明酸浆水对提高产蛋率、降低料蛋比有显著作用,本发明饲料中所添加中草药成分对提高绿壳蛋鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重、成活率,降低料蛋比、胆固醇含量具有很好效果。
该注意的是,上述实施例对本发明进行说明而不是对本发明进行限制,并且本领域技术人员在不脱离所附权利要求的范围的情况下可设计出替换实施例均应属于本发明所涵盖专利。
Claims (8)
1.一种绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,包括雏鸡饲养管理、育成鸡饲养管理、产蛋鸡饲养管理,其特征在于,
(1)雏鸡饲养管理:在雏鸡出壳5-7h后,将其移至育雏室,当雏鸡出现觅食行为后,对雏鸡喂食营养水,雏鸡喝饱营养水后,进行开食,每天对雏鸡投喂6-8次开食料,开食4-5天后,每天对雏鸡投喂5-7次的雏鸡饲料,雏养期为4-5周;
(2)育成鸡饲养管理:雏鸡度过雏养期后移入育成鸡舍,每天喂食2-4次育成饲料;
(3)产蛋鸡饲养管理:育成鸡进入产蛋期后每天喂食2-4次产蛋饲料,并且喂食酸浆水煮液;
所述营养水制备方法为:卷心菜榨汁过滤,取滤液与水按1:1混合配制而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述开食料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉70份、豆粕15份、鱼粉2份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.1份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜2份、马齿苋1份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿0.6份、太白菊0.7份。
3.根据权利要求1所述绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述育成饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉60份、骨粉6份、豆粕12份、鱼粉10份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、牛筋草1份、卷心菜5份、马齿苋2份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.7份。
4.根据权利要求1所述绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述产蛋饲料由以下重量份数原料混合配制而成:玉米粉75份、骨粉4份、豆粕25份、食盐0.1份、沙子0.2份、甘蔗渣1份、牛筋草0.5份、卷心菜15份、马齿苋3份、红蓝草0.5份、一枝蒿1份、太白菊0.5份、酸浆1份。
5.根据权利要求1所述绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述酸浆水煮液由以下重量份数原料配制而成:酸浆5-10份、水100-150份、马齿苋1-2份。
6.根据权利要求5所述绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述酸浆水煮液制备方法为在锅中分别加入酸浆、水,煮沸20-30分钟,再加入马齿苋煮沸5-10分钟,过滤取滤液即可得到酸浆水。
7.根据权利要求1所述绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述育雏室地面铺有一层熟石灰,石灰上铺有4-5cm厚的垫草,育雏室温度为33-35℃,湿度控制为60%-70%。
8.根据权利要求1所述绿壳蛋鸡的养殖方法,其特征在于:所述雏鸡饲养管理采用室内饲养,所述育成鸡、产蛋鸡采用室外放养。
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