CN108142207A - Wild Bag Material Phellinus cultural method is imitated under a kind of natural forests - Google Patents
Wild Bag Material Phellinus cultural method is imitated under a kind of natural forests Download PDFInfo
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- CN108142207A CN108142207A CN201711469522.6A CN201711469522A CN108142207A CN 108142207 A CN108142207 A CN 108142207A CN 201711469522 A CN201711469522 A CN 201711469522A CN 108142207 A CN108142207 A CN 108142207A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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Abstract
The invention discloses wild Bag Material Phellinus cultural method is imitated under a kind of natural forests; with Phellinus bacterial strain mulberry all No. 1 for strain; it selects suitable forest land and corresponding strain makes, bacterium bag produces, the time of forest land plantation, it is main to use in embedment appropriate depth by forest land shallow-layer humus and soil in mass ratio 1 in woods:Bag Material bacterium bag bottom setting in 13 uniformly mixed mixtures is largely intensive and has the pore of certain depth; it serves as bacterium bag and directly establishes the capillary contacted with natural environment soil; various trace elements, minerals, moisture etc. are drawn from soil; bacterium bag is made to be similar to the mulberry tree trunk grown naturally in natural environment soil; the wild growing environment of Phellinus is simulated, and the phellinus liteus that can be effectively prevented from bacterium bag is polluted by external environment；A kind of approach is provided for pseudo-wild cultivating under the natural forests of Phellinus.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to edible and medical fungi technical field of cultivation, and in particular to wild Bag Material Phellinus cultivation is imitated under a kind of natural forests
Method.
Background technology
At present, the artificial cultivation of edible and medical fungi has become the effective way for obtaining edible and medical fungi.It has been reported that and is planted in hayashishita
The edible and medical fungis such as ganoderma lucidum, hickory chick are trained, such as the cultivation under woods about big legs hickory chick in Chinese patent ZL 201310152370.2
About a kind of bamboo grove simulated wild glossy ganoderma cultivation technique in method, Chinese patent ZL 201410437026.2.Edible and medical fungi kind is many
More, the growth characteristics difference of each edible and medical fungi is huge, particularly some rare mushrooms, as hickory chick was just successfully realized in recent years
Artificial cultivation.Some rare mushrooms such as cepe, russule etc. can't successfully realize artificial cultivation at present.
Phellinus is that the son of Phellinus fibre pore fungi Inonotus sanghuang Sheng H.Wu, T.Hatt.＆Y.C.Dai are real
Body belongs to Basidiomycotina Hymenochaetaceae fibre pore fungi and belongs to Inonotus, is a kind of medicinal fungi of preciousness.Medical research shows
Phellinus has the pharmacological activity such as antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-hepatic fibrosis, enhancing be immune, by it is internationally recognized for antitumous effect most
One of good medicinal fungi.
Phellinus is as a kind of rare edible and medical fungi, and artificial cultivation mainly has cultivating in bag and two kinds segment wood cultivated, closely
Nian Laicai realizes the Bag Material Phellinus greenhouse artificial growth of scale.Bag Material Phellinus greenhouse artificial growth such as Chinese patent ZL
The culture medium and its cultural method of a kind of artificial cultivation Phellinus described in 201410500416.X, artificial kind of section wood Phellinus greenhouse
Plant a kind of cultural method of Phellinus as described in Chinese patent ZL 201410105124.6.Using greenhouse artificial growth Phellinus,
Cumbersome there are operating technology, pollution rate is high, and quality is low, while the greenhouse for building suitable Phellinus growth also makes cultivation cost and management
Difficulty greatly increases, and constrains production development.Due to Phellinus fibre pore fungi Inonotus sanghuang Sheng H.Wu,
Growth characteristics special T.Hatt.＆Y.C.Dai itself, there is presently no the successful warps using cultivating in bag Phellinus under natural forests
It tests.
Invention content
The present invention provides wild Bag Material Phellinus cultural method is imitated under a kind of natural forests, Bag Material Phellinus is realized in natural forests
In pseudo-wild cultivating, obtain quality close to the high-quality Phellinus fructification of wild Phellinus, yield is high.
Forest in natural forests belongs to autotroph, occupies sheaf space on forest land, receives sufficient sunlight, discharges oxygen,
Absorbing carbon dioxide forms shady and cool, moist, ventilation huge hayashishita space.Since Phellinus is residing for natural cultivation under woods
It is entirely different when environment in greenhouse with planting, therefore Phellinus cultivation under woods technology is also entirely different with being planted in greenhouse.
Artificial cultivating in bag Phellinus in greenhouse, greenhouse such as Phellinus can provide heat preservation, moisturizing, be protected from light at the environmental conditions.Due to Phellinus bacterium
The particularity and complexity of physiological ecological itself, the Phellinus fruit body development stage is to environment such as relative air humidity, temperature, illumination
The factor has special requirement.Phellinus is almost in direct contact in underwood planting with external elements, external elements
It is complicated and changeable, compared with being planted in greenhouse, it is easier to be interfered by conditions such as external rainwater, illumination, temperature.For this purpose, phase
Than planting Phellinus in greenhouse, higher is may require that in natural cultivation under woods Phellinus technical difficulty, is needed using a series of necessary
Technical measures just can guarantee that Phellinus normally goes out sesame.
Wild Bag Material Phellinus cultural method is imitated under a kind of natural forests, including step：
(1) bacterial strain selects：Phellinus bacterial strain mulberry all No. 1 is chosen, the bacterial strain is on 03 07th, 2014 in Chinese common micro- life
Object culture presevation administrative center (CGMCC) preservation, deposit number are CGMCC No.8854, and Classification And Nomenclature is：Phellinus Inonotus
sanghuang；The bacterial strain is disclosed in Chinese patent ZL 201410477690.X；
(2) preparation of bacterium bag：Bacterium bag is made of the raw material of following mass percent：It is ramulus mori sawdust 79%, sucrose 1%, excellent
It escapes grass 5%, wheat bran 14% and land plaster 1%, ramulus mori sawdust is subjected to water spray comprehensively and is prewetted, humid control is filled in 60%-70%
Divide after prewetting and add in wheat bran, sucrose, excellent escape grass and land plaster progress spice, fill polybag after mixing, bag body is a diameter of
12cm-18cm, length 30cm-40cm obtain the bacterium bag for cultivating Phellinus；It is carried out after bacterium bag is sterilized using Phellinus cultigen
Inoculation；Bacterium bag after inoculation, which is put into culturing room, is protected from light culture, and temperature is controlled at 20 DEG C -30 DEG C, and humid control is in 40%-
60%, it cultivates -90 days 40 days；
(3) forest land selects：The condition that natural forests forest land has is：Far from pollution sources, without pest and disease damage, timbered soil class
Type is sandy earth, one or more in yellow earth, yellowish soil, purple soil, and agron layer thickness is in 1cm-20cm, soil pH
In 5-8, height above sea level in 100m-1000m, forest land vegetation pattern is broad-leaf forest, at mixed coniferous broad leaved forest, border spaciousness in one kind or
It is a variety of, the forest land gradient at 1 ° -45 °, it is leeward on the sunny side, canopy density in 0.6-0.9, strain number density -3000 plants of 1000 plant/hectare/
Hectare, ventilating drainage performance is good, there is clean water source around forest land；
Meet Microclimate Characteristics natural in the natural forest land of above-mentioned condition (such as air themperature, moisture humidity, Nutrient medium
Matter, air quantity, illuminance, primary forest etc. integrated condition) suitable ring can be provided for all growths of No. 1 of Phellinus bacterial strain mulberry
Border, natural Microclimate Characteristics can be fully utilized in natural forest land, and conducive to the growth of Phellinus, the Phellinus quality of output is excellent
It is good, yield is high；
Wherein, natural camellia oleifera lam, shaw, by masson pine, China fir, other needles can be selected in the forest land vegetation pattern
In one or more and Quercus tree, Schima superba, sweetgum, other deciduous species in seeds it is one or two kinds of it is above form it is mixed
It hands over one or more in woods.
(4) planting season arranges：According to local climate feature, determine that the strain of Phellinus makes, bacterium bag produces, forest land plantation
Time；
By taking the western mountainous areas of Hangzhou as an example, strain is generally made current year August-October, 2 months October current year-coming year made bacterium
Packet, March in the coming year bacterium bag into forest land grand style, fruiting phase is in April in the coming year-September part；
(5) cultivation under woods：Litter removal layer and shallow-layer detritus are grown, and the recessed furrow of 6cm-20cm depths are dug, by shallow-layer humic
Matter and soil in mass ratio 1 in woods:1-3 is laid in after mixing in recessed furrow, and recessed furrow are filled to and are flushed with forest land slope surface, take length
The bacterium bag of good mycelia pricks at least 20 equally distributed pores, a diameter of 1mm-3mm of pore, hole depth in bacterium bag bottom
1cm-2cm (pore gos deep into the Medium Culture in bacterium bag)；The arc port of 2-4 opening upwards is opened on bacterium bag top, arc port
Both ends upward, grow for Phellinus fructification, fructification are made to be shaped after growing up to beautiful；
The bacterium bag bottom include bacterium bag bottom surface, in bacterium bag outside wall surface from bacterium bag outside wall surface and bacterium bag bottom surface intersection to away from
One or two kinds of region in region from bacterium bag bottom surface 1cm-4cm.
Then bacterium bag bottom surface is kept upright downward in the soil in the recessed furrow of embedment, length of embedment 1cm-5cm (i.e. bacterium bag bottoms
1cm-5cm sections of face and bottom surface more than are embedded in soil) ensure that pore is entirely located in soil, the spacing between adjacent bacterium bag is
10cm-12cm, the blow vent at the top of bacterium bag are tightened with lid；
Bacterium bag bottom setting in the soil of embedment appropriate depth is largely intensive and has the pore of certain depth,
Both bacterium bag can have been served as and directly established the capillary contacted with natural environment soil, various trace elements, ore deposit are drawn from soil
Substance, moisture etc. make bacterium bag be similar to the mulberry tree trunk grown naturally in natural environment soil, simulate the wild growth of Phellinus
Environment, but the phellinus liteus that can be effectively prevented from bacterium bag is polluted by external environment.Phellinus liteus growing power is limited at this time,
To avoid microbiological contamination, the size and depth of pore are extremely crucial, especially depth.It, can be more preferable during bacterium bag bottom is placed into the soil
Ground provides heat preservation, moisturizing, the condition to draw nourishment from for bacterium bag.
Filled out in recessed furrow paving by soil in mass ratio 1 in shallow-layer humus and woods:The mixture that 1-3 is uniformly mixed, has
Good fluffy degree, stomata is more, forms a kind of natural cavernous body, suitable for the growth of Phellinus.
After bacterium bag is buried in the earth culture -25 days 10 days, one small plastic film canopy, ceiling are built outside each Phellinus bacterium bag
(the canopy face peak of small plastic film canopy or highest face) is from Phellinus bacterium bag top 1cm-10cm；The thickness of plastic film is
0.1-0.8, light transmittance 60%-100%；Small plastic film canopy is outer at ceiling 1cm-10cm on a plastic film
It is arranged with 2-10 circular hole, a diameter of 0.5cm-2cm in hole week；It is preferably outer at ceiling 1cm on a plastic film
Be arranged with 2 circular holes week, a diameter of 0.5cm in hole, on a plastic film the periphery at ceiling 5cm be arranged with 5
Circular hole, a diameter of 1cm in hole, on a plastic film the periphery at ceiling 10cm be arranged with 10 circular holes, the diameter in hole
For 2cm, effect is more preferable.
The shape of small plastic film canopy can be dome hut or flat-top hut, preferably dome hut；Build small plastics
Framework material used in film canopy can select one or more of iron wire, bamboo cane, wood etc.；
Small plastic film canopy is built outside bacterium bag, it is irregular to be primarily due to trees condition in natural forests, in Phellinus bacterium bag
Small plastic film canopy is built outside, intervenes setting round-meshed small plastic film in certain position between Phellinus bacterium bag and undergrowth environment
Canopy, the thickness and light transmittance of plastic film are strict with, and Phellinus bacterium bag can be given to provide external protection, a cushion space,
Both bacterium bag can be protected, bacterium bag is avoided directly to be drenched by rainwater and is filled, bacterium bag is avoided to make moist microbiological contamination, and from can breathing freely, absorb hayashishita ring
Rain and dew in border etc. make Phellinus bacterium bag be communicated with environment in natural forests, provide and go out needed for the yellow stage suitable for Phellinus fructification
The environmental conditions such as temperature, oxygen, moisture, the mode of trepanning are critically important.
(6) water management：Air humidity is advisable with 85%-95% in natural forests during going out sesame, timing or in real time monitoring, such as
Air humidity is relatively low to carry out appropriate irrigation：Sooner or later using mist spray or micro- spray, make moisture penetration to ground soil 1cm-3cm；
There is natural dew in natural forests, particularly in the morning, Phellinus can be made to be in the larger environment of air humidity.Together
When, there is natural wind in natural forests, air flowing is big, moisture evaporation is fast, particularly when summer high temperature is dried, to be in Phellinus
Under the relatively suitable buffer environment of moisture, need to carry out moisturizing, heat preservation using the soil in ground.If humidity is too small in environment,
Water deficient needed for Phellinus sporophore growth, Phellinus fructification can stop growing even dry dead；If humidity is excessive in environment,
Easy mould growth of Phellinus fructification etc. causes microbiological contamination；It, can therefore by keeping the Water accumulation amount in the appropriateness depth soil of ground
Phellinus sporophore growth to be given to provide a suitable moisture environment.
(7) it harvests：It is harvested when Phellinus fructification becomes brown or dark brown by yellow.
Sorrow is escaped grass, scientific name：Crocodile mouth spends (Clinacanthus nutans), sweet in flavor, pungent, slight bitter, mild-natured, enters liver and kidney channel.
Be it is a kind of be grown in by the wild bush shape herbaceous plant in sandy soil moist in equatorial low altitude area sparse woods or in shrubbery,
It is the edible wild herbs that a kind of nutritive value is very high, nontoxic, and green agricultural product is high containing amino acid and chlorophyll.
The beneficial effects are mainly as follows：
Phellinus belongs to heterotrophic organism, and growth needs oxygen, and releases carbon dioxide, avoids strong light, high temperature, happiness it is moist and
Detritus is grown, and is grown in hayashishita, and the two is not only spatially complementary, but also complementary reciprocal in the factors such as light, heat, water, gas, soil,
Form the Ecological Sustainable Development Model of forestry and edible mushroom double increase.
Using the natural shading condition of natural forests in hayashishita vacant lot pseudo-wild cultivating Bag Material Phellinus, not only avoid manually building
Greenhouse cultivation cost can also make full use of the natural ecological condition in natural forests, plant out that quality is good, yield is high, close to open country
Raw Phellinus, can larger raising unit area forest land comprehensive utilization ratio and benefit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of bacterium bag of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of bacterium bag bottom of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of the small plastic film canopy of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with attached drawing.
The present invention uses Phellinus bacterial strain mulberry No. 1 as Phellinus parent species, and the bacterial strain is on 03 07th, 2014 Chinese common
Microbiological Culture Collection administrative center (CGMCC) preservation, deposit number are CGMCC No.8854, and Classification And Nomenclature is：Phellinus
Inonotus sanghuang；The bacterial strain is disclosed in Chinese patent ZL 201410477690.X.
After Phellinus parent species are activated in PDA culture medium, in bacterium culture medium expand culture obtain original seed strain, then
By original seed strain, expanding propagation obtains Phellinus cultigen in bacterium culture medium.
PDA culture medium：Potato 200g, glucose 20g and agar 20g, 1000mL is settled to water.
Bacterium culture medium (by percentage to the quality)：Ramulus mori sawdust 79%, sucrose 1%, wheat bran 19% and land plaster 1%.
Embodiment 1
The natural shaw of Hangzhou western mountainous areas is selected, the shaw is far from pollution sources, without pest and disease damage, timbered soil class
Type is sandy earth, agron layer thickness in 5cm, soil pH 6.5, height above sea level in 100m, the forest land gradient at 1 °, it is leeward to
Sun, canopy density are 0.9, and for strain number density in 1500 plants/hectare, ventilating drainage performance is good, there is clean water source around forest land.
Current year August make strain, 2 months coming year make bacterium bag, March in the coming year bacterium bag into forest land grand style, fruiting phase is in April in the coming year
Part-September part.
The preparation of bacterium bag：Bacterium bag is made of the raw material of following mass percent：Ramulus mori sawdust 79%, sucrose 1%, excellent grass of escaping
Ramulus mori sawdust is carried out water spray comprehensively and prewetted by the 5%th, wheat bran 14% and land plaster 1%, and humid control is 60%, after fully prewetting
Wheat bran, excellent grass of escaping, sucrose and land plaster progress spice are added in, fills polybag, a diameter of 15cm of bag body, length after mixing
30cm obtains the bacterium bag for cultivating Phellinus；It is inoculated with after bacterium bag is sterilized using Phellinus cultigen；Bacterium bag after inoculation is put
Enter and culture is protected from light in culturing room, at 22 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, humid control is cultivated 40 days 45% ± 5% for temperature control.
Cultivation under woods：Litter removal layer and shallow-layer detritus are grown, and dig the recessed furrow of 12cm depths, will be in shallow-layer humus and woods
Soil in mass ratio 1:1 is laid in after mixing in recessed furrow, and recessed furrow are filled to and are flushed with forest land slope surface, takes the bacterium of long good mycelia
Packet pricks 20 equally distributed pores 3, a diameter of 1mm of pore 3, hole in 1 bottom of bacterium bag as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3
Deep 2cm；Bacterium bag bottom includes the region of bacterium bag bottom surface；Open the arc port 2 of 4 opening upwards on bacterium bag top, the two of arc port 2
End is upward.
Then bacterium bag bottom surface is kept upright downward in the soil in the recessed furrow of embedment, length of embedment 1cm ensures that pore is complete
Portion is located in soil, and the spacing between adjacent bacterium bag is 10cm, and the blow vent at the top of bacterium bag is tightened with lid.
After bacterium bag is buried in the earth culture 10 days, the small plastic film canopy of a dome is built in each Phellinus bacterium bag external application bamboo cane
4, ceiling is from Phellinus bacterium bag top 1cm；The thickness of plastic film is 0.8, light transmittance 60%；As shown in figure 4, small plastics are thin
Periphery of the film canopy 4 on a plastic film at ceiling 1cm is arranged with 2 circular holes 5, and a diameter of 0.5cm in hole is thin in plastics
Periphery on film at ceiling 5cm is arranged with 5 circular holes 6, a diameter of 1cm in hole, on a plastic film apart from ceiling
Periphery at 10cm is arranged with 10 circular holes 7, a diameter of 2cm in hole.
Water management：Air humidity is advisable with 85%-95% in natural forests during going out sesame, periodic monitor, such as air humidity
It is relatively low to carry out appropriate irrigation：Sooner or later using mist spray or micro- spray, make moisture penetration to ground soil 1cm-3cm.
Harvesting：It is harvested when Phellinus fructification becomes brown or dark brown by yellow.
The Phellinus fructification fresh goods harvested is in dark brown, and dry product is in dark brown, and fructification shape is sector.
Embodiment 2
Select Hangzhou western mountainous areas natural mixed coniferous broad leaved forest, the natural mixed coniferous broad leaved forest be by masson pine, China fir,
The mixed forest that Quercus tree, Schima superba, sweetgum and other a small amount of deciduous species are formed.The mixed forest is far from pollution sources, without pest and disease damage,
Timbered soil type is yellowish soil, and agron layer thickness is in 20cm, and 8, height above sea level exists soil pH in 500m, the forest land gradient
45 °, it is leeward on the sunny side, canopy density are 0.6, and for strain number density in 1000 plants/hectare, ventilating drainage performance is good, there is cleaning around forest land
Water source.
Make strain and bacterium bag October current year, March in the coming year bacterium bag into forest land grand style, fruiting phase is in April in the coming year-September part.
The preparation of bacterium bag：Bacterium bag is made of the raw material of following mass percent：Ramulus mori sawdust 79%, sucrose 1%, excellent grass of escaping
Ramulus mori sawdust is carried out water spray comprehensively and prewetted by the 5%th, wheat bran 14% and land plaster 1%, and humid control is 70%, after fully prewetting
Wheat bran, excellent grass of escaping, sucrose and land plaster progress spice are added in, fills polybag, a diameter of 12cm of bag body, length after mixing
40cm obtains the bacterium bag for cultivating Phellinus；It is inoculated with after bacterium bag is sterilized using Phellinus cultigen；Bacterium bag after inoculation is put
Enter and culture is protected from light in culturing room, at 26 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, humid control is cultivated 90 days 50% ± 5% for temperature control.
Cultivation under woods：Litter removal layer and shallow-layer detritus are grown, and dig the recessed furrow of 20cm depths, will be in shallow-layer humus and woods
Soil in mass ratio 1:3 are laid in after mixing in recessed furrow, and recessed furrow are filled to and are flushed with forest land slope surface, take the bacterium of long good mycelia
Packet pricks 60 equally distributed pores, a diameter of 2mm of pore, hole depth 1cm in bacterium bag bottom；Bacterium bag bottom includes bacterium
Packet bottom surface, bacterium bag outside wall surface are located at bacterium bag outside wall surface and bacterium bag bottom surface intersection to two in the region of bacterium bag bottom surface 4cm
Kind region.The arc port of 2 opening upwards is opened on bacterium bag top, the both ends of arc port are upward.
Then bacterium bag bottom surface is kept upright downward in the soil in the recessed furrow of embedment, length of embedment 5cm ensures that pore is complete
Portion is located in soil, and the spacing between adjacent bacterium bag is 12cm, and the blow vent at the top of bacterium bag is tightened with lid.
After bacterium bag is buried in the earth culture 25 days, the small plastic film canopy of a dome is built in each Phellinus bacterium bag external application bamboo cane
4, ceiling is from Phellinus bacterium bag top 10cm；The thickness of plastic film is 0.6, light transmittance 100%；As shown in figure 4, small plastics
Periphery of the film canopy 4 on a plastic film at ceiling 1cm is arranged with 2 circular holes 5, a diameter of 0.5cm in hole, in plastics
Periphery on film at ceiling 5cm is arranged with 5 circular holes 6, a diameter of 1cm in hole, on a plastic film apart from ceiling
Periphery at 10cm is arranged with 10 circular holes 7, a diameter of 2cm in hole.
Water management：Air humidity is advisable with 85%-95% in natural forests during going out sesame, periodic monitor, such as air humidity
It is relatively low to carry out appropriate irrigation：Sooner or later using mist spray or micro- spray, make moisture penetration to ground soil 1cm-3cm；
Harvesting：It is harvested when Phellinus fructification becomes brown or dark brown by yellow.
The Phellinus fructification fresh goods harvested is in dark brown, and dry product is in dark brown, and fructification shape is sector.
Embodiment 3
The natural camellia oleifera lam of Hangzhou western mountainous areas is selected, the camellia oleifera lam is far from pollution sources, without pest and disease damage, timbered soil class
Type is purple soil, agron layer thickness in 10cm, soil pH 5, height above sea level in 1000m, the forest land gradient at 20 °, it is leeward to
Sun, canopy density are 0.7, and for strain number density in 3000 plants/hectare, ventilating drainage performance is good, there is clean water source around forest land.
Current year September make strain, November current year make bacterium bag, March in the coming year bacterium bag into forest land grand style, fruiting phase is in the coming year 4
Month-September part.
The preparation of bacterium bag：Bacterium bag is made of the raw material of following mass percent：Ramulus mori sawdust 79%, sucrose 1%, excellent grass of escaping
Ramulus mori sawdust is carried out water spray comprehensively and prewetted by the 5%th, wheat bran 14% and land plaster 1%, and humid control is 65%, after fully prewetting
Wheat bran, excellent grass of escaping, sucrose and land plaster progress spice are added in, fills polybag, a diameter of 18cm of bag body, length after mixing
35cm obtains the bacterium bag for cultivating Phellinus；It is inoculated with after bacterium bag is sterilized using Phellinus cultigen；Bacterium bag after inoculation is put
Enter and culture is protected from light in culturing room, at 28 DEG C ± 2 DEG C, humid control is cultivated 70 days 55% ± 5% for temperature control.
Cultivation under woods：Litter removal layer and shallow-layer detritus are grown, and dig the recessed furrow of 6cm depths, will be in shallow-layer humus and woods
Soil in mass ratio 1:2 are laid in after mixing in recessed furrow, and recessed furrow are filled to and are flushed with forest land slope surface, take the bacterium of long good mycelia
Packet pricks 45 equally distributed pores, a diameter of 3mm of pore, hole depth 1cm in bacterium bag bottom；Bacterium bag bottom includes bacterium
Packet outside wall surface is located at bacterium bag outside wall surface with bacterium bag bottom surface intersection to apart from the region of bacterium bag bottom surface 1cm.3 are opened on bacterium bag top
The arc port of opening upwards, the both ends of arc port are upward.
Then bacterium bag bottom surface is kept upright downward in the soil in the recessed furrow of embedment, length of embedment 3cm ensures that pore is complete
Portion is located in soil, and the spacing between adjacent bacterium bag is 12cm, and the blow vent at the top of bacterium bag is tightened with lid.
After bacterium bag is buried in the earth culture 17 days, the small plastic film canopy of a dome is built in each Phellinus bacterium bag external application bamboo cane
4, ceiling is from Phellinus bacterium bag top 6cm；The thickness of plastic film is 0.7, light transmittance 80%；As shown in figure 4, small plastics are thin
Periphery of the film canopy 4 on a plastic film at ceiling 1cm is arranged with 2 circular holes 5, and a diameter of 0.5cm in hole is thin in plastics
Periphery on film at ceiling 5cm is arranged with 5 circular holes 6, a diameter of 1cm in hole, on a plastic film apart from ceiling
Periphery at 10cm is arranged with 10 circular holes 7, a diameter of 2cm in hole.
Water management：Air humidity is advisable with 85%-95% in natural forests during going out sesame, periodic monitor, such as air humidity
It is relatively low to carry out appropriate irrigation：Sooner or later using mist spray or micro- spray, make moisture penetration to ground soil 1cm-3cm.
Harvesting：It is harvested when Phellinus fructification becomes brown or dark brown by yellow.
The Phellinus fructification fresh goods harvested is in dark brown, and dry product is in dark brown, and fructification shape is sector.
Comparative example 1 carries out nature cultivation under woods using greenhouse cultivation method in ZL201410477724.5
Forest land is in the same manner as in Example 1, before immigration to hayashishita place bacteria stick at loosen the soil, pine soil depth 10cm with
On, it is carried out disinfection after loosening the soil with limewash, is turned yellow or during brown color when Phellinus bacteria stick starts annesl, bacteria stick is sealed into court
On be uprightly placed in hayashishita soil, spacing 10cm*10cm-15cm*15cm, culture more than 10 days after, the bottom of bacteria stick progress
Punching, the quantity in hole is 4-8, and the side of each bacteria stick is open 4-5 again, and then bacteria stick is replaced as it is；Bottom
Portion's punching requirement：Diameter 0.5-0.8cm, petal-shaped to make a call to 6 holes, 1 hole is made a call in centre again, and totally 7 holes, bear are the modelings in bacterium bag
7 circular holes are made a call on material outer packing surface, are not goed deep into the matrix in bacterium bag.
Be open when being 4, bacteria stick cylinder be divided into four sides, 1 mouth is respectively opened on opposite both sides, wherein 2 be located at it is opposite
The opening on both sides makes 4 openings in Chinese character pin-shaped friendship away from ground 5cm, in addition 2 openings for being located at opposite both sides away from ground 10cm
It is wrong.It is open as upward arc port, the both ends of arc port upward, make fructification be shaped after growing up to beautiful.Then by bacteria stick as former state
Uprightly put back on soil.Only a small amount of Phellinus fructification is grown.As it can be seen that the greenhouse cultivation method of Phellinus is directly used in natural forests
Lower cultivation, since complex environment influences in natural forests, the yield of Phellinus fructification is very low.
The Phellinus fructification fresh goods harvested is brown, and dry product is brown, and fructification shape is sector.
The measure of flavones content in Phellinus fructification：Using NaNO2-Al(NO3)3Colorimetric method for determining flavones content.
(1) in sample flavones extraction：By Phellinus fructification vacuum freeze drying, then it is cut into small pieces, smashes it through 40
Mesh sieves.2g Phellinus fructification dry powder accurately is weighed, solid-liquid ratio (mass ratio) 1 is pressed with 70% ethyl alcohol:30th, ultrasonic extraction at room temperature
1.0h, filtering, residue repeat aforesaid operations, extract 3 times altogether, merging filtrate, and 45 DEG C of decompression rotations are evaporated, spare.
(2) preparation of standard solution：It accurately weighs rutin standard items 10.0mg to be placed in 10mL volumetric flasks, quality percentage is dense
100mL is diluted to after spending the dissolving of 70% ethanol water.Take respectively rutin standard solution 0.8,1.6,2.2,3.5,5.0,
10.0mL adds in 2.0mL mass percentage concentrations 5%NaNO in 6 100mL volumetric flasks2Aqueous solution places 3min, adds 2.0mL
Mass percentage concentration 10%Al (NO3)3Aqueous solution places 3min, finally adds 10.0mL mass percentage concentration 4%NaOH aqueous solutions.
Distilled water constant volume, shakes up.It is compared with the blank group for being not added with color developing agent, the absorbance of series standard solution is measured at 510nm, and
Draw standard curve.
(3) measure of sample：A certain amount of sample solution is accurately pipetted in volumetric flask, adds in color developing agent, constant volume shakes
It is even.It is compared with the blank group for being not added with color developing agent, sample absorbance at 510nm, substitutes into calibration curve equation and do not existed together
The content of the general flavone of reason.
Phellinus qualitative data under 1 each planting type of table
The quality of the Phellinus fructification of gained under various planting types is compared, finds what is cultivated using the method for the present invention
Phellinus fruiting body yield is high, single fructification head is big, flavones isoreactivity component content significantly increases, active material is more easy to be carried
It takes and separates.
Variation of the parameter in the selected range of the present invention has no effect on the imitative wild growth of Phellinus in the method for the present invention, because
The combination of arbitrary parameter can be achieved to imitate wild growth under the natural forests of Phellinus in this method for the present invention.Details are not described herein.
Claims (7)
1. wild Bag Material Phellinus cultural method is imitated under a kind of natural forests, which is characterized in that including step：
(1) bacterial strain selects：Phellinus bacterial strain mulberry all No. 1 is chosen, which is CGMCC No.8854, and Classification And Nomenclature is：
Phellinus Inonotus sanghuang；
(2) preparation of bacterium bag：Bacterium bag is made of the raw material of following mass percent：Ramulus mori sawdust 79%, sucrose 1%, excellent grass of escaping
Ramulus mori sawdust is carried out water spray comprehensively and prewetted by the 5%th, wheat bran 14% and land plaster 1%, and humid control is fully pre- in 60%-70%
Wheat bran, sucrose, excellent escape grass and land plaster progress spice are added in after wet, fills polybag, a diameter of 12cm- of bag body after mixing
18cm, length 30cm-40cm obtain the bacterium bag for cultivating Phellinus；It is inoculated with after bacterium bag is sterilized using Phellinus cultigen；
Bacterium bag after inoculation, which is put into culturing room, is protected from light culture, 20 DEG C -30 DEG C, humidity 40%-60% of temperature, cultivates -90 days 40 days；
(3) forest land selects：The condition that natural forests forest land has is：Far from pollution sources, without pest and disease damage, timbered soil type is
One or more in sandy earth, yellow earth, yellowish soil, purple soil, agron layer thickness is in 1cm-20cm, and soil pH is in 5-
8, height above sea level in 100m-1000m, forest land vegetation pattern is broad-leaf forest, at mixed coniferous broad leaved forest, border spaciousness in one kind or more
Kind, the forest land gradient at 1 ° -45 °, it is leeward on the sunny side, canopy density are in 0.6-0.9, and strain number density is in -3000 plants of 1000 plant/hectare/public
Hectare, ventilating drainage performance is good, there is clean water source around forest land；
(4) planting season arranges：According to local climate feature, determine the strain of Phellinus makes, bacterium bag production, forest land plantation when
Between；
(5) cultivation under woods：Litter removal layer and shallow-layer detritus are grown, and dig the recessed furrow of 6cm-20cm depth, by shallow-layer humus and
Soil in mass ratio 1 in woods:1-3 is laid in be filled to recessed furrow in recessed furrow after mixing and be flushed with forest land slope surface, takes long good bacterium
The bacterium bag of silk pricks at least 20 equally distributed pores, a diameter of 1mm-3mm of pore, hole depth 1cm- in bacterium bag bottom
2cm；The arc port of 2-4 opening upwards is opened on bacterium bag top, the both ends of arc port are upward；
Then bacterium bag bottom surface is kept upright downward in the soil in the recessed furrow of embedment, length of embedment 1cm-5cm ensures that pore is complete
Portion is located in soil, and the spacing between adjacent bacterium bag is 10cm-12cm, and the blow vent at the top of bacterium bag is tightened with lid；
After bacterium bag is buried in the earth culture -25 days 10 days, one small plastic film canopy is built outside each Phellinus bacterium bag, ceiling is from mulberry
Yellow bacterium bag top 1cm-10cm；The thickness of plastic film is 0.1-0.8, light transmittance 60%-100%；Small plastic film
Periphery of the canopy on a plastic film at ceiling 1cm-10cm is arranged with 2-10 circular hole, a diameter of 0.5cm-2cm in hole；
(6) water management：Air humidity is advisable with 85%-95% in natural forests during going out sesame；
(7) it harvests：It is harvested when Phellinus fructification becomes brown or dark brown by yellow.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3), the forest land vegetation pattern is selected natural
Camellia oleifera lam, shaw, by masson pine, China fir, other coniferous species one or more and Quercus tree, Schima superba, sweetgum, other
It is one or more in one or two kinds of above mixed forest formed in deciduous species.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (4), the forest land of Hangzhou western mountainous areas, in current year 8
The moon-October make strain, 2 months October current year-coming year make bacterium bag, March in the coming year bacterium bag into forest land grand style, fruiting phase is in the coming year 4
Month-September part.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), the bacterium bag bottom include bacterium bag bottom surface,
In bacterium bag outside wall surface from bacterium bag outside wall surface and bacterium bag bottom surface intersection to one kind in the region of bacterium bag bottom surface 1cm-4cm or
Two kinds of regions of person.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), the shape of small plastic film canopy is that dome is small
Canopy or flat-top hut.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5), small plastic film canopy on a plastic film away from
2 circular holes, a diameter of 0.5cm in hole, on a plastic film at ceiling 5cm are arranged with from the periphery at ceiling 1cm
Periphery is arranged with 5 circular holes, a diameter of 1cm in hole, and the periphery at ceiling 10cm is arranged with 10 on a plastic film
A circular hole, a diameter of 2cm in hole.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (6), timing or real-time monitoring, air humidity are inclined
Appropriate irrigation is carried out when low：Sooner or later using mist spray or micro- spray, make moisture penetration to ground soil 1cm-3cm.
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