CN108117471B - 一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法 Download PDF

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CN108117471B
CN108117471B CN201611087710.8A CN201611087710A CN108117471B CN 108117471 B CN108117471 B CN 108117471B CN 201611087710 A CN201611087710 A CN 201611087710A CN 108117471 B CN108117471 B CN 108117471B
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高艳安
王宇
王畅
董彬
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Abstract

本发明提供一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)在非质子溶剂中,配置新制备的亚氨键类有机框架多孔材料(COFs)悬浊液,超声分散;(2)将炔烃化合物(或其前驱体)按照其与亚胺键摩尔比为2~1:1十分缓慢地加入到COFs悬浊液中;(3)在充分搅拌条件下,升温至100℃~140℃,回流反应24h,然后终止反应;(4)将反应后的COFs粉末过滤,用大量无水四氢呋喃、无水丙酮充分洗涤,80℃条件下真空干燥,得到化学性质稳定的COFs材料。本发明能够有效提高亚氨键类COFs材料的化学稳定性,且方法效果显著、工艺简单。稳定性良好的COFs能够应用于催化、光电器件、气体存储与分离等领域。

Description

一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法
技术领域
本发明属于有机多孔材料技术领域,具体地涉及一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法。
背景技术
共价有机骨架(covalent organic frameworks,COFs)材料是在拓扑学基础上发展起来的一类新型有机多孔材料,是有机前体通过共价键结合形成的微小晶体。COFs材料具有MOFs材料的优点,如拓扑结构可设计、结构规整、孔参数可调节、比表面积大、多孔性等。不同在于其通过共价键结合,材料为纯的有机骨架,因此又被称为“有机分子筛”。自COFs材料出现以来,以其独特的结构以及优越的性能,吸引了广大科研工作者的广泛关注,在气体吸附、催化、光电等方面的应用研究成为了热点。
然而,COFs材料的稳定性一直是制约这类材料广泛应用的主要因素。合成COFs材料的有机反应均为可逆反应,要通过热力学来控制单体分子形成有序排列的晶体结构,这就决定了COFs材料自身的化学稳定性较差,在苛刻的条件下溶解分解,从而失去了材料的性能。例如,最早报告的由硼酸单体自聚形成的COFs材料,在空气中遇水即缓慢地分解。虽然后来发展的亚胺键连接的COFs材料在一定程度上提高了其化学稳定性,但是在强酸、强碱等苛刻条件下COFs仍然破坏。因此,探寻合适的方法来提高COFs材料的化学稳定性势在必行。
发明内容
本发明主要针对上述存在的问题,提供了一种提高亚胺键类COFs化学稳定性的方法。该方法主要利用炔烃化合物与亚胺键发生aza-Diels-Alder反应生成菲啶化合物的原理,巧妙地将可逆的亚胺键转变成为化学性质稳定的菲啶化合物,但仍然保持COFs原有的多孔结构,从而大大提高了COFs的化学稳定性,为COFs在更加广泛领域的应用提供了一条可行的路径。
本发明为了实现上述目的,一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,步骤如下:
(1)在非质子溶剂中,配置新制备的亚氨键类有机框架多孔材料(COFs)悬浊液,超声分散;
(2)将炔烃化合物按照其与亚胺键摩尔比为2~1:1十分缓慢地加入到COFs悬浊液中;
(3)在充分搅拌条件下,升温至100℃~140℃,回流反应24h,然后终止反应;
(4)将反应后的COFs粉末过滤,用大量无水四氢呋喃、无水丙酮充分洗涤,80℃条件下真空干燥,得到化学性质稳定的COFs材料。
所述非质子溶剂为1,2-二氯乙烷,甲苯、乙腈。
所述炔烃化合物为邻羧酸重氮苯(苯炔前驱体)、乙炔二羧酸以及乙炔甲酸甲酯。
本发明的化学机理如下:
Figure GDA0002826169730000021
其中R1为:-H,-COOH和-COOCH3
R2为:-H,-COOH和-COOCH3
本发明的优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明适用于亚胺键类形成的有机框架多孔材料,对材料的拓扑结构、孔性质等没有限定,应用范围广。
(2)本发明巧妙地通过炔烃化合物与形成COFs的亚胺键连接基团发生aza-Diels-Alder反应,使化学稳定性相对较弱的可逆亚胺键转变为性质更加稳定的非可逆共价键,形成菲啶化合物,在COFs多孔性质得以保持的基础上,大大提高了材料的抗酸、抗碱性能。
(3)该方法效果显著、工艺简单。稳定性良好的COFs能够应用于催化、光电器件、气体存储与分离等领域。
附图说明
图1为TF-Py COF经过在pH=1的盐酸溶液中浸泡后,干燥处理得到的样品的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,步骤如下:
(1)在干燥的1,2-二氯乙烷溶剂中,加入50mg新制的TF-Py COF材料,通过超声分散得到TF-Py COF的悬浊液。
(2)将0.052g邻羧酸重氮苯按照其与TF-Py COF的亚胺键摩尔比为2:1缓慢地加入到悬浊液中。
(3)在充分搅拌条件下,升温至100℃,回流反应24h,然后终止反应。
(4)将反应后的COFs粉末过滤,用大量无水四氢呋喃、无水丙酮充分洗涤,80℃条件下真空干燥,得到改性的TF-Py COF材料。将改性前的TF-Py COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置30min后,发现TF-Py COF粉末分解,变成了澄清的透明溶液。而改性之后,TF-Py COF的化学稳定性大大提高,在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,经过洗涤、干燥处理,其XRD衍射峰仍然保持了较高的强度(图1),表明TF-Py COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例2
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是炔烃化合物其与COF亚胺键摩尔比为1:1。经过处理后的TF-Py COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,TF-Py COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例3
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是反应温度为140℃。经过处理后的TF-Py COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,TF-Py COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例4
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选溶剂为乙腈。经过处理后的TF-Py COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,TF-Py COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例5
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选溶剂为甲苯。经过处理后的TF-Py COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,TF-Py COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例6
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选炔烃为乙炔二羧酸(0.041g)。经过处理后的TF-Py COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,TF-Py COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例7
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选炔烃为乙炔甲酸甲酯(0.03g)。经过处理后的TF-Py COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,TF-Py COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例8
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选亚胺键COF为TF-BD COF。经过处理后的TF-BD COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,TF-BD COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例9
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选亚胺键COF为100%BPy COF。经过处理后的100%BPy COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,100%BPy COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例10
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选亚胺键COF为ILCOF-1。经过处理后的ILCOF-1在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,ILCOF-1仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例11
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选亚胺键COF为Tp-Azo。经过处理后的Tp-Azo COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,Tp-Azo COF仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例12
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选亚胺键COF为DhaTab。经过处理后的DhaTab在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,DhaTab仍具有良好的晶型。
实施例13
一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,反应条件、制备步骤与实施例1相同,不同之处是所选亚胺键COF为Py-Azine COF。经过处理后的Py-Azine COF在pH=1的盐酸溶液或pH=14的氢氧化钠溶液中静置24h后,Py-Azine COF仍具有良好的晶型。

Claims (2)

1.一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)在非质子溶剂中,配置新制备的亚胺键类有机框架多孔材料COFs悬浊液,超声分散;
(2)将炔烃化合物按照其与亚胺键摩尔比为2~1:1十分缓慢地加入到COFs悬浊液中;
(3)在充分搅拌条件下,升温至100℃~140℃,回流反应24h,然后终止反应;
(4)将反应后的COFs粉末过滤,用大量无水四氢呋喃、无水丙酮充分洗涤,80℃条件下真空干燥,得到化学性质稳定的COFs材料;
所用的炔烃化合物为乙炔二羧酸或乙炔甲酸甲酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高有机框架多孔材料化学稳定性的方法,其特征在于所选用的非质子溶剂为1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯或乙腈。
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