CN108112433B - Seed production method for improving hybrid rice seed vitality - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seed production method for improving the vitality of hybrid rice seeds, which selects a high-vitality seed production area for hybrid rice seed production; wherein the parent-parent row ratio is 2: 9-12; the matched fertilization mode before flowering is as follows: the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are applied in a matching way, wherein all the organic fertilizer is applied in a base fertilizer mode, 85-95% of the inorganic fertilizer is applied in a base fertilizer mode and a tillering fertilizer mode, and the rest inorganic fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition of rice; spraying plant growth regulator in the flowering period, wherein the spraying amount is 300-1200 g/hm2(ii) a Pollinating, and shortening the pollination days, wherein the pollination days are controlled to be 3-5 days; spraying an activity optimizing agent when a plant growth regulator is sprayed during pollination and/or after pollination is finished; harvesting is carried out within a period of 15-20 days after pollination is completed. The method of the invention can effectively improve the seed production seed vitality of the hybrid rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hybrid rice seed production technology, in particular to a seed production method for improving the vitality of hybrid rice seeds.
Background
The seed vigor is a comprehensive index, and refers to the comprehensive performance of the seed in germination, emergence, seedling capability and characteristics, namely, the seeds with high vigor germinate early, have high emergence and seedling rate and have strong adaptability to severe environmental conditions. Besides being influenced by the individual development condition and the genetic characteristics of the seeds, the seed vitality is also influenced by a plurality of external factors including the development condition of the seeds (nutritional condition, the vitality of the parent, the planting density and the light, temperature, water and gas condition), the harvesting time and the drying measure of the harvested seeds, which are all limiting factors influencing the vitality of the seeds.
The Chinese invention patent CN201510181510.8 discloses a field exogenous hormone spraying method for improving the vitality of hybrid rice seeds, which effectively improves the vitality and the yield of hybrid rice F1 generation seeds by spraying gibberellic acid and indoleacetic acid exogenous hormone in the grain filling period of the hybrid rice female parent rice ears, is mainly used for keeping and prolonging the vitality of rice seed embryos during the warehousing and storage of the seeds, and has no technical measures related to the seed production process of the hybrid rice.
The Wangxiangming research finds that: the yield and quality of seed production are critical factors to be measured when selecting bases. The actual yield of the Guidong and Suizhining seed production of the II you 838 is remarkably higher than that of the Yongan seed production, and the seed vigor index of the Guidong and Suizhining seed production is remarkably higher than that of the Yongan seed production, but no specific cultivation measure is published, so that the specific cultivation measure cannot be known by the technical personnel in the field, and no revelation is provided for the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seed production method for improving the seed vitality of hybrid rice so as to systematically improve the seed vitality of hybrid rice seed production, and aims to solve the problems of low seed production yield, low seed vitality and the like of hybrid rice seed production caused by unscientific seed production region selection, cultivation measures and harvest processing processes in the seed production process of hybrid rice.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a seed production method for improving the vitality of hybrid rice seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a high-activity seed production area for hybrid rice seed production; wherein the parent-parent row ratio is 2: 9-12;
the matched fertilization mode before flowering is as follows: the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are applied in a matching way, wherein all the organic fertilizer is applied in a base fertilizer mode, 85-95% of the inorganic fertilizer is applied in a base fertilizer mode and a tillering fertilizer mode, and the rest inorganic fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition of rice;
(2) spraying a plant growth regulator in the flowering phase, wherein the spraying amount is 300-1200 g/hm2；
Pollinating, and shortening the pollination days, wherein the pollination days are controlled to be 3-5 days;
(3) spraying an activity optimizing agent when a plant growth regulator is sprayed during pollination and/or after pollination is finished;
(4) harvesting is carried out within a period of 15-20 days after pollination is completed.
Further, in the step (1), the high-activity seed production area comprises a mountain area or a hilly area which has large day-night temperature difference and proper day-average temperature. Under the environment, the average daily temperature in the flowering period is about 26-28 ℃, the maximum daily temperature is not more than 35 ℃, the minimum daily temperature is not less than 21 ℃, the temperature difference between day and night is large (more than 10 ℃), the field humidity is 80-90%, the weather is dry hot air-free, the maximum wind speed is below 4m/s during pollination, the illumination is sufficient, the year is short when three days are present and the weather is cloudy and rainy, and good weather conditions are ensured.
Preferably, the parental row ratio is 2: 9-12.
Further, in the step (2), the plant growth regulator is "good for nine two".
Further, in the step (2), during pollination, continuously spraying the plant growth regulator for 2-3 days, and spraying for 1 time every day, wherein the spraying amount is 30-120g/hm2It can be used for growing flower to prolong and improve activity of pollen and stigma.
Preferably, pollination is carried out for 3-5 days at the peak flowering stage of the male parent.
Preferably, said pollination is artificial supplementary pollination (pollen driving).
Compared with the pollination days in the traditional process, the pollination days in the invention are reduced by 1-2 days, the labor intensity of pollen driving can be reduced, and pollination fructification and maturity uniformity are promoted.
Further, in the step (3), the vitality optimizing agent comprises trace elements and brassinolide.
Further, the mass ratio of the trace elements to the brassinolide is 10: 5-5.5.
Further, the trace elements include Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca and rare earth elements, wherein the trace elements are present in the activity optimizing agent in the form of chelate complexes. Therefore, the trace elements are in a chelated state, can be quickly and efficiently absorbed by the leaf surface after being sprayed, optimize the seed grouting, balance all the trace elements in the seed inclusion and greatly promote the formation of the seed vitality.
The application of the seed vigor optimizing agent can optimize seed grouting, so that the vigor of the seeds can reach a higher level within 15-20 days after pollination, the plumpness reaches the harvest standard, the overall cultivation time is shortened, and the emergence of the germination condition on the seed ears is prevented.
Further, the activity optimizing agent contains 10-30g/L, Mn, 10-30g/L, Zn, 50-90g/L, Ca, 5-10g/L of Mg, 1-3g/L of rare earth elements and more than or equal to 100g/L of total content of trace elements.
Furthermore, the dosage of the vitality optimizing agent is 20-25 ml per mu.
Further, the activity optimizing agent is sprayed by a manual or mechanical spraying method, the dilution ratio of the activity optimizing agent in the manual spraying method is 400-600 times, and the dilution ratio of the activity optimizing agent in the mechanical spraying method is 15-20 times.
In the invention, harvesting is carried out within 15-20 days after pollination, wherein early harvesting is carried out, and the yellow maturity of the rice ears of the female parent is about 75 percent; the harvesting time of the conventional seed production is 20-35 days, and the yellow maturity of the rice ear of the female parent is 100%. This ensures that hybrid seeds can be harvested during periods of high vigor and effectively reduces the emergence of seeds from the ear due to prolonged harvesting.
Further, the step (4) is followed by a step of drying the harvested seeds.
Preferably, adopt low temperature slow drying to carry out drying process to the seed, specifically, use seed water content as the standard of judgement and adopt drying-machine or flue-cured tobacco roast room to carry out seed drying, the standard of judgement is: if no obvious rainfall (rainfall is less than 5mm) exists 2-5 days before the seeds are harvested, the water content of the seeds is lower than 30%, the seeds can be dried for 24-30 h at 35 ℃, and then the temperature is adjusted to 40 ℃ for drying for 40-50 h; if the seeds fall rain (the rainfall is more than 5mm) 1-2 days before harvest and the water content of the seeds is higher than 30%, natural wind without heating is adopted for circulation for 12-24 h, then the seeds are dried for 24-30 h at 35 ℃, and then the temperature is adjusted to 40 ℃ for drying for 40-50 h.
The seed production method adopts a 'three' seed production method, actually comprises three key technologies of pre-flowering regulation, flowering phase optimization and post-flowering promotion, and systematically improves the seed production seed vitality of the hybrid rice. The vitality regulation is a systematic process which needs measures such as comprehensive ecological condition selection, cultivation, field management and the like, and the vitality of seeds can be influenced if the measures are not executed in place. The method is characterized in that the cultivation measures such as regulating and controlling the application of an organic fertilizer for supplementing soil trace elements and changing the row ratio of parents before flowering and the like lay a good nutritional foundation and a good ecological environment for improving the vitality of seeds; the pollination time is centralized and the pollination maturing rate is high under the condition of sufficient nutrients of the rice group by adopting flowering phase optimization measures such as spraying operation and flower driving mode optimization of a plant growth regulator (such as 'nine-two-O'); after pollination, the seed grouting is optimized by spraying a leaf surface vigor optimizing agent, optimizing a harvesting mode and other measures for promoting vigor formation after flowers are planted, and the seeds are harvested at the time when the seed vigor is highest, so that the problems of seed ear sprouting and high humidity caused by uncontrollable weather reasons in the later growth stage of rice are avoided; the seed production method of the hybrid rice of 'three' which finally forms the key technologies of regulating and controlling the population before the flower, optimizing pollination in the flowering phase, promoting the formation of vitality after the flower and the like systematically improves the vitality of the seed produced by the hybrid rice.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by increasing the parent-parent row ratio, the glume flower quantity of the intensively received pollen is increased, the proportion of seeds which are fertilized, grouted and matured at the same time is increased, and the maturity uniformity and activity level of the seeds are further improved;
(2) compared with the conventional seed production pollination (supplementary pollination) time is reduced by 1-2 days, and a small amount of 'good quality' is sprayed every day in the pollination period to prolong and improve the pollen and stigma activity, so that on one hand, the labor intensity of pollination is reduced, and on the other hand, pollination fructification and mature uniformity are promoted;
(3) by simulating the drying process of the seeds under natural conditions and carrying out low-temperature mechanical drying, on one hand, the limitation of a drying field, labor force and weather on seed harvesting is greatly relieved, timely harvesting and timely drying are ensured, and meanwhile, the activity of the seeds is not influenced;
(4) by applying the biological organic fertilizer containing trace elements and combining with the leaf surface activity optimizing agent, the seed grouting is optimized, and the formation of the seed activity is greatly promoted;
(5) by early harvesting in proper period (about 75% of the yellow maturity of the rice ear seeds is advanced, namely about 5 days ahead of time), the hybrid seeds can be harvested in a high-activity period, and the germination condition on the rice ears caused by prolonged harvesting can be effectively reduced;
(6) the invention adopts the 'three-three' hybrid rice seed production method which comprises key technologies of regulating and controlling the population before flowering, optimizing pollination in the flowering phase, promoting vitality formation after flowering and the like, and systematically improves the vitality of hybrid rice seed production seeds.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The applicant carried out related experiments in 2016 in a certain hybrid rice seed production test base in Suhining county, wherein the test base is in a hilly area and has large day-night temperature difference and the daily average temperature of about 27 ℃. In the test, the seed production method comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) hybrid rice seed production region selection: selecting the hilly area as the cultivation land;
a matched reasonable fertilization mode, namely, an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer are applied in a matched mode; secondly, fertilizer is intensively applied, namely all organic fertilizers are applied in a base fertilizer mode, 90% of inorganic fertilizers are applied in a base fertilizer mode and a tillering fertilizer mode, and 10% of inorganic fertilizers are properly topdressed according to the growth condition of rice;
the male parent row ratio is increased, so that the proportion of the male parent rows is increased by about 10 percent compared with the traditional seed production;
(2) spraying 'Jiu-two good' in flowering period, wherein the spraying amount is high value of recommended dosage of each combined seed production, and the spraying amount is 600g/hm2；
The number of artificial supplementary pollination (pollen driving) days is reduced by 1-2 days on the basis of the conventional method;
spraying with "JIUERHU" for 3 days 1 times per day with 60g/hm each time2Left and right;
(3) an activity optimizing agent sprayed when the 'nine two good' is sprayed during powder driving or after powder driving is finished;
(4) harvesting when the yellow maturity of the rice ears of the female parent is about 75 percent within 15-20 days after pollination;
(5) the seeds are dried slowly at low temperature by adopting a dryer or a flue-cured tobacco curing barn, if no obvious rainfall (the rainfall is less than 5mm) exists 2-5 days before the seeds are harvested, the water content of the seeds is less than 30 percent, the seeds can be dried for 24-30 h at 35 ℃, and then the seeds are dried for 40-50 h at 40 ℃; if the seeds fall 1-2 days before harvest (the rainfall is more than 5mm) and the water content of the seeds is higher than 30%, natural wind without heating is adopted for circulation for 12-24 h, then the seeds are dried at 35 ℃ for 24-30 h, and then the seeds are dried at 40 ℃ for 40-50 h.
The vitality optimizing agent comprises trace elements and brassinolide, and the mass ratio of the trace elements to the brassinolide is 10: 5-5.5. The trace elements comprise Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca and rare earth elements, wherein the trace elements exist in the activity optimizing agent in a chelate form, the content of Mg in the activity optimizing agent is 15g/L, Mn, the content of Mg in the activity optimizing agent is 15g/L, Zn, the content of Mg in the activity optimizing agent is 75g/L, Ca, the content of the rare earth elements is 8g/L, the content of the rare earth elements is 1.5g/L, and the total content of the trace elements is more than or equal to 100 g/L. When spraying, after diluting 20 times, spraying by adopting an unmanned plane.
Meanwhile, the conventional hybrid rice seed production method is used for seed production in the test base as a control group, and the specific operation measures are as follows:
(1) the hybrid rice seed production area is not selected, but for the rigor of the test, the traditional seed production site is consistent with the site of the embodiment; in the fertilization mode, 70-80% of inorganic fertilizer is applied in the form of base fertilizer (40-50%) and tillering fertilizer (30-40%), and 20-30% of inorganic fertilizer is applied as spike fertilizer; the parent-parent row ratio is 2: 10-16;
(2) spraying 'Jiu-two good' in flowering period, wherein the spraying amount is high value of recommended dosage of each combined seed production, and the spraying amount is 600g/hm2(ii) a The number of artificial supplementary pollination (pollen driving) days is about 7 days;
(3) harvesting when the yellow maturity of the rice ears of the female parent is about 95 percent;
(4) generally, manual airing or drying by a dryer is adopted, and the operation procedure is consistent with the procedure of drying the rice in the rice production, namely, the rice is continuously dried for 40-50 hours at 35-42 ℃.
The harvested seeds were subjected to standard germination and low temperature germination tests, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 seed vigor condition table obtained by the present invention and conventional cultivation seed production method
As is apparent from Table 1, the vigor of the seeds obtained by the seed production method of the present invention is significantly higher than that obtained by the conventional method.
The foregoing examples are set forth to illustrate the present invention more clearly and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims to which the invention pertains, as modified in all equivalent forms, by those skilled in the art after reading the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A seed production method for improving the vitality of hybrid rice seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a high-activity seed production area for hybrid rice seed production; wherein the parent-parent row ratio is 2: 9-12;
the matched fertilization mode before flowering is as follows: the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are applied in a matched mode, wherein all the organic fertilizer is applied in a base fertilizer mode, 90% of the inorganic fertilizer is applied in the base fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer mode, and the rest inorganic fertilizer is applied according to the growth condition of rice;
(2) spraying plant growth regulator in the flowering phase, wherein the spraying amount is 600g/hm2；
Pollinating, and shortening the pollination days, wherein the pollination days are controlled to be 3-5 days;
wherein the plant growth regulator is 'nine two good'; during pollination, continuously spraying plant growth regulator for 2-3 days, wherein the spraying amount is 30-120g/hm2；
(3) After pollination, spraying an activity optimizing agent;
the activity optimizing agent comprises trace elements and brassinolide, the mass ratio of the trace elements to the brassinolide is 10:5-5.5, the trace elements comprise Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca and rare earth elements, and the trace elements exist in the activity optimizing agent in a chelate form; the activity optimizing agent contains 15g/L, Mn Mg, 75g/L, Ca Mg/L, Zn Mg, 1.5g/L rare earth elements and more than or equal to 100g/L total trace elements; the activity optimizing agent is sprayed by adopting a mechanical spraying method, and the dilution ratio of the activity optimizing agent in the mechanical spraying method is 20 times;
(4) harvesting is carried out within a period of 15-20 days after pollination is completed.
2. The method for producing seeds of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the high-vigor seed production area comprises a mountain area or a hilly area which has a large day-night temperature difference and a suitable day-average temperature.
3. The method for producing seed according to claim 1, further comprising a step of drying the harvested seed after step (4).
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Citations (3)
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| CN101171905A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-05-07 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Hybridization non-glutinous rice combination 9 excellent 418 high production seed producing method |
| CN101828523A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-15 | 四川得月科技种业有限公司 | Seed production method of hybrid rice |
| CN102428962A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2012-05-02 | 浙江大学 | Hybrid rice SXZ seed production conditioning agent and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101171905A (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2008-05-07 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所 | Hybridization non-glutinous rice combination 9 excellent 418 high production seed producing method |
| CN101828523A (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2010-09-15 | 四川得月科技种业有限公司 | Seed production method of hybrid rice |
| CN102428962A (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2012-05-02 | 浙江大学 | Hybrid rice SXZ seed production conditioning agent and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 崔婷.水稻种子高活力生产技术初步研究.《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》.2017,(第8期),第9-10页，第28-29页. * |
| 水稻种子高活力生产技术初步研究;崔婷;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20170815(第8期);第9-10页，第28-29页 * |
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