CN105612981A - Cultivation method for promoting facility garlic to appear on market early - Google Patents
Cultivation method for promoting facility garlic to appear on market early Download PDFInfo
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- CN105612981A CN105612981A CN201410692314.2A CN201410692314A CN105612981A CN 105612981 A CN105612981 A CN 105612981A CN 201410692314 A CN201410692314 A CN 201410692314A CN 105612981 A CN105612981 A CN 105612981A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for promoting facility garlic to appear on the market early. The method is characterized by comprising steps as follows: I, varieties of proper facility garlic are screened; II, ridge preparation is performed on facility garlic planting plots; III, garlic seeds are treated; IV, the seeding period is selected; V, sun shading and cooling are performed; VI, fertilizer and water management for garlic production is performed; VII, the facility garlic soil temperature is adjusted; VIII, supplementary lighting is performed for facility garlic production; IX, the green prevention and control technology is applied, and requirements of growth and development of the facility garlic are met; X, garlic products are harvested. The key technology related to one-clove garlic production cultivation is provided, characteristic garlic which is very spicy, tastes mellow and is simple to peel and bright, clean and attractive in appearance is produced, increasing diversified demands of people's life are met, the agricultural production benefit is increased, the characteristic production cultivation level of the garlic industry is increased, and the influence of the characteristic garlic is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to facility Bulbus Allii production technical field, particularly relate to the cultural method of a kind of facility Bulbus Allii listing ahead of time.
Background technology
Bulbus Allii is that Chinese exports is earned foreign exchange advantageous agricultural product, also it is the healthy vegetable ensureing modern people's lives, China has longer Bulbus Allii and produces cultivation history, though continuously performing planting garlic for many years, but produce and remain tradition planting patterns, Yield and quality, benefit that Bulbus Allii produces are hovered in former level all the time, the environmental conditions such as cultivation management mode is single, soil cannot improve further, the new needs of Bulbus Allii industry and scale development cannot be adapted to, it is impossible to meet an urgent demand of developing modern agriculture.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve the technical problem existed in reality production technology, explore the On Comprehensive Technique establishing the listing ahead of time of a set of facility Bulbus Allii, the initiative staple that traditional garlic Production of Large Fields is produced by engagement device of tackling key problems forms facility Bulbus Allii On Comprehensive Technique, make new production tackling key problem combine conventional Production of Large Fields technology and form technology series, problem in Production of Large Fields has been carried out successfully managing of new method as planted continuous cropping for many years simultaneously, several key techniques that engagement device produces Bulbus Allii are tackled key problems and are made a breakthrough, achieve facility Bulbus Allii and produce the listing ahead of time of cultivation. the technical solution used in the present invention is: the cultural method of a kind of facility Bulbus Allii listing ahead of time, it is characterised in that: method is as follows:
One, the screening varieties of suitable facility Bulbus Allii, adopts period of maturation garlic cultivar early, it may be achieved production facility Bulbus Allii head purpose;
Two, the whole furrow in facility planting garlic plot, when whole furrow in order to regulate planting garlic temperature, humidity, carry out the whole furrow of little arcuate, Bulbus Allii seed field planting is on the back of a bow, whole furrow width 1.3 meters, seeding row spacing 10 cm x 18-20 centimetre, this plantation can effectively regulate humiture;
Three, the process of Bulbus Allii seed, 10��15 days prior to seeding, it is placed in clear water by garlic clove seed to eluriate and pulls out, then it is placed in cellar or in hot house, cover with wet sandy loam, wet sandy loam with hold agglomerating after unclamp that not dissipate be suitable, it is suitable for sprinkling water in right amount during sandy loam humidity deficit to sandy loam water content 10-12%, again garlic clove is uniformly paved on the ground, paving thickness is 8��10 centimetres, stirred every 3-5 days once, kind of a Bulbus Allii is made to make moist uniformly, root of hair is neat, through 10��15 days, both can sow when major part Bulbus Allii kind (more than 2/3) sends Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f., timesaving method can be utilized if be pressed for time, it is about to kind of a garlic clove and puts in water, coolant-temperature gage is made to soak 24��48 hours in 25��35 DEG C of warm water, kind of a lobe is made to suction moisture, to promote that garlic clove germinates and sowing in time,
Four, the selection in sowing time, difference according to location, Bulbus Allii sowing with late August��early September sow for the suitable phase, Bulbus Allii seed according to field planting amount 32000 plants/acre, Bulbus Allii north-south is planted, planting with hunchbacked same direction, during plantation, the Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. sent and soil are smoothed out and open, top covers sandy loam 1-2 centimetre;
Five, sunshading and temperature reducing, owing to when natural high-temperature, being not suitable for Bulbus Allii germinating growth after Bulbus Allii field planting, therefore with the Shading net covering of 50-60% light transmittance on booth, to reduce canopy temperature, promotes that Garlic Growth is grown;
Six, Bulbus Allii produces fertile, water management;
Term Fertilization:
Allium Sativum L trophophase topdresses: though can utilize kind of a lobe nutrition, but in order to promote growth of seedling, increase plant nutrition area, need to topdress at suitable time, at this moment owing to the ability of garlic root absorption liquid manure is weak, therefore topdress and should use quick-acting fertilizer, in order to avoid taking off fertile and blade tip yellowing phenomenon occur, Bulbus Allii is topdressed and can be divided into 3-4 time;
A, urge seed manure: after Bulbus Allii tidy seedlings output, use once light night soil and carry Seedling, avoid and execute carbon ammonium, in case burn seedling;
B, growth fertilizer: after sowing 60-80 days, heavy dressing adds chemical fertilizer with 1 animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, every mu of people and animals' urine 2000-3000 jin, thiamine 10 kilograms, potassium sulfate or 5 kilograms of potassium chloride, accomplish that early-maturing variety early topdresses, middle complete ripeness kind chases after late, promoting that seedling growth is prosperous, stem and leaf is sturdy, few yellow sharp or not yellow point during to rotten mother;
C, pregnant tongue fertilizer: plant the rotten imperial mother of Bulbus Allii, bud and bulb break up entrance scape elongating stage, the old aging of this phase successively, and new root occurs in a large number, stem and leaf and galic bolt also extend rapidly simultaneously, Bulbus Allii also begins to slowly expand, so that nutrient is many, answers heavy dressing available potassium, 10-15 kilogram of nitrogenous fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better), (short a kind of sedge that peelable Seedling observes cauloid bottom) is applied about first quarter moon before existing tail, to meet needs, promote galic bolt pumping fast, vigorous growth;
D, Bulbus Allii expands fertilizer: precocious and Early-mid ripening kind, owing to when Bulbus Allii expands, temperature is also not high, Bulbus Allii expanding stage is corresponding longer, for promoting that Bulbus Allii is loose, need before galic bolt is gathered, impose available nitrogen, potash fertilizer, if nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer mu is with 5-10 kilogram, if singly using 5 kilograms of carbamide both may be used, can not topdress too much, established garlic clove plumelet otherwise can be caused to turn green, come into leaves again and consume the nutrient of garlic clove, topdress and should carry out before galic bolt is gathered, after galic bolt is gathered, existing abundant Nutrients uptake Bulbus Allii expands, carry out after galic bolt is gathered if topdressing, then it is easily caused the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe underproduction, if soil is more fertile, Bulbus Allii leaf hypertrophy color is deep, then can not execute and expand fertilizer, middle-late ripening variety is late due to bolting, temperature is higher, results galic bolt had both gathered in the crops Bulbus Allii after general about 20-25 days, therefore can also exempt to chase after and expand fertilizer,
Water management: Bulbus Allii has 5 important periods, it is necessary to carry out water management,
A, neat seedling stage: general sowing was neat Seedling after one week, after imposing neat seed manure, if field soil is more dry, can irrigate once, short Seedling growth;
B, Early seedling stage: Seedling Stage is the critical period of garlic nutrient Organ Differentiation and formation, enter growth of seedling early stage after the neat Seedling of Bulbus Allii, owing to irrigating 1 time after neat Seedling, it is possible to according to soil moisture content Rational Irrigation;
C, seedling middle and late stage: female to terminate as mark to moving back before surviving the winter, this phases-time is longer, also it is the important period of garlic nutrient growth, in order to water 1 time before surviving the winter, after surviving the winter, temperature returns and rises, and seedling initially enters the vigorous growth stage, should pour water in time, promote the growth of Bulbus Allii leaf, accelerate cauloid and increase thick;
D, BOITING STAGE: the blade of garlic sprouts differentiation is all put on display, blade area growth reaches peak value, soil root has also expanded maximum magnitude to, the growth of galic bolt is accelerated, and this phase is the period needing rich water amount maximum, and Ying Yu waters bolting water in time after chasing after booting fertilizer, to water continuously after existing tail, with the short Seedling of water, until 2-3 talent stops watering irrigation water before bolting, it is beneficial to storing;
E, Bulbus Allii expanding stage: galic bolt waters after gathering to promote that Bulbus Allii expands rapidly and increases weight immediately, results Bulbus Allii stops watering for first 5 days, controls growing way, promotes that the Assimilate of blade accelerates to transport to Bulbus Allii;
Seven, the facility Bulbus Allii soil moisture regulates, according to different requirements to the soil moisture in Bulbus Allii variant period, the preference temperature in Garlic Growth period is 12-25 DEG C, winter Bulbus Allii to be mainly the soil moisture on the low side, the activity and the Garlic Growth that affect garlic root are grown, therefore by using the fertilizer 4-6 sides such as muck when Bulbus Allii ploughs whole furrow, increase soil fertility and improve the soil moisture, and 12-15 centimeters buries heating wire underground under Bulbus Allii field planting furrow, bury density underground corresponding with plantation Bulbus Allii row, on furrow limit, set up temperature control equipment simultaneously, it is controlled regulating temperature according to setting preference temperature,
Eight, facility Bulbus Allii produces light filling, needs are grown according to Garlic Growth, according to its demand to intensity of illumination, light application time above planting garlic furrow, hang light compensating lamp, concrete size 1.5-1.8 rice height and position on furrow is installed light compensating lamp each row and is installed illuminating lamp tube along planting planting-line, and lamp is from 100 centimetres and sets the light filling time and meets the lighting requirements of Garlic Growth; The suspension light compensating lamp timing controlled light filling time meets Bulbus Allii to intensity of illumination, light application time demand;
Nine, green prevention and control technology application, meet the needs that facility Garlic Growth is grown, facility Garlic Growth grows insecticides such as hanging Huang, backboard prevention and control aphid, thrips, suspension density be 20-25/, it is used as 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 10 grams/acre or 0.18-0.25 gram/acre of even spraying of 0.3% nimbin emulsion, occurring takes during gray mold to ventilate reduces canopy humidity, smog method or soot technique can be adopted after closing canopy, start to use 45% Bravo aerosol 250 grams or 15% rotten U.S. profit (Sukeling) fumicants at the initial stage of a disease, anti-cure the disease, worm, crop smothering occur;
Ten, garlic product results, managing close to the period of duration time according to facility Bulbus Allii period of duration through lean product, there is yellow cured leaf in Bulbus Allii inferior leads, middle and upper part blade by dark green be changed into dirty-green cut green blade functional leaf only have 5-7 sheet time, bottom Bulbus Allii Bulbus Allii substantially expands, and at this moment green for Bulbus Allii top is dug out together with one piece of Bulbus Allii, removes bottom yellow blade, cleaning plant, ties up label and sells.
Facility Bulbus Allii of the present invention listing supporting technology ahead of time is primarily directed to the present situation in current Bulbus Allii industry development, explore facility Bulbus Allii and produce the supporting key technology of cultivation, pass through screening varieties, Sowing Time Tests, soil fertility regulates, micro-fertilizer supplements, Bulbus Allii kind lobe selects, planting patterns adjusts, shed and multimembrane cover, the reply of extreme weather conditions, temperature-increasing light-replenishing technology, green prevention and control, provide a Bulbus Allii and produce cultivation related key technical, reach output hot and spicy, taste is aromatic, peel simple, the purpose of the characteristic Bulbus Allii that smooth appearance is attractive in appearance, meet the multiple demand that people's lives are growing, improve agriculture production benefit, the characteristic promoting Bulbus Allii industry produces cultivation level, promote the power of influence of characteristic Bulbus Allii.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of cultural method of facility Bulbus Allii listing ahead of time, it is characterised in that: method is as follows:
One, the screening varieties of suitable facility Bulbus Allii, adopts period of maturation garlic cultivar early, it may be achieved production facility Bulbus Allii head purpose; Adopt period of maturation garlic cultivar early such as two water early, red seven-star, Pengxian County is precocious, it may be achieved production facility Bulbus Allii head purpose;
Two, the whole furrow in facility planting garlic plot, when whole furrow in order to regulate planting garlic temperature, humidity, carry out the whole furrow of little arcuate, Bulbus Allii seed field planting is on the back of a bow, whole furrow width 1.3 meters, seeding row spacing 10 cm x 18-20 centimetre, this plantation can effectively regulate humiture;
Three, the process of Bulbus Allii seed, 10��15 days prior to seeding, it is placed in clear water by garlic clove seed to eluriate and pulls out, then it is placed in cellar or in hot house, cover with wet sandy loam, wet sandy loam with hold agglomerating after unclamp that not dissipate be suitable, it is suitable for sprinkling water in right amount during sandy loam humidity deficit to sandy loam water content 10-12%, again garlic clove is uniformly paved on the ground, paving thickness is at 8��10 centimetres, stirred every 3-5 days once, kind of a Bulbus Allii is made to make moist uniformly, root of hair is neat, through 10��15 days, both can sow when major part Bulbus Allii kind (more than 2/3) sends Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f., timesaving method can be utilized if be pressed for time, it is about to kind of a garlic clove and puts in water, coolant-temperature gage is made to soak 24��48 hours in the warm water of 25��35 DEG C, kind of a lobe is made to suction moisture, to promote that garlic clove germinates and sowing in time,
Four, the selection in sowing time, difference according to location, Bulbus Allii sowing with late August��early September sow for the suitable phase, Bulbus Allii seed according to field planting amount 32000 plants/acre, Bulbus Allii north-south is planted, planting with hunchbacked same direction, during plantation, the Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. sent and soil are smoothed out and open, top covers sandy loam 1-2 centimetre;
Five, sunshading and temperature reducing, owing to when natural high-temperature, being not suitable for Bulbus Allii germinating growth after Bulbus Allii field planting, therefore with the Shading net covering of 50-60% light transmittance on booth, to reduce canopy temperature, promotes that Garlic Growth is grown;
Six, Bulbus Allii produces fertile, water management;
Term Fertilization:
Allium Sativum L trophophase topdresses: though can utilize kind of a lobe nutrition, but in order to promote growth of seedling, increase plant nutrition area, suitable time is needed to topdress, at this moment owing to the ability of garlic root absorption liquid manure is weak, therefore topdress and should use quick-acting fertilizer, in order to avoid taking off fertile and blade tip yellowing phenomenon occur, Bulbus Allii is topdressed and can be divided into 3-4 time;
A, urge seed manure: after Bulbus Allii tidy seedlings output, use once light night soil and carry Seedling, avoid and execute carbon ammonium, in case burn seedling;
B, growth fertilizer: after sowing 60-80 days, heavy dressing adds chemical fertilizer with 1 animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, every mu of people and animals' urine 2000-3000 jin, thiamine 10 kilograms, potassium sulfate or 5 kilograms of potassium chloride, accomplish that early-maturing variety early topdresses, middle complete ripeness kind chases after late, promoting that seedling growth is prosperous, stem and leaf is sturdy, few yellow sharp or not yellow point during to rotten mother;
C, pregnant tongue fertilizer: plant the rotten imperial mother of Bulbus Allii, bud and bulb break up entrance scape elongating stage, the old aging of this phase successively, and new root occurs in a large number, stem and leaf and galic bolt also extend rapidly simultaneously, Bulbus Allii also begins to slowly expand, so that nutrient is many, answers heavy dressing available potassium, 10-15 kilogram of nitrogenous fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better), (short a kind of sedge that peelable Seedling observes cauloid bottom) is applied about first quarter moon before existing tail, to meet needs, promote galic bolt pumping fast, vigorous growth;
D, Bulbus Allii expands fertilizer: precocious and Early-mid ripening kind, owing to when Bulbus Allii expands, temperature is also not high, Bulbus Allii expanding stage is corresponding longer, for promoting that Bulbus Allii is loose, need before galic bolt is gathered, impose available nitrogen, potash fertilizer, if nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer mu is with 5-10 kilogram, if singly using 5 kilograms of carbamide both may be used, can not topdress too much, established garlic clove plumelet otherwise can be caused to turn green, come into leaves again and consume the nutrient of garlic clove, topdress and should carry out before galic bolt is gathered, after galic bolt is gathered, existing abundant Nutrients uptake Bulbus Allii expands, carry out after galic bolt is gathered if topdressing, then it is easily caused the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe underproduction, if soil is more fertile, Bulbus Allii leaf hypertrophy color is deep, then can not execute and expand fertilizer, middle-late ripening variety is late due to bolting, temperature is higher, results galic bolt had both gathered in the crops Bulbus Allii after general about 20-25 days, therefore can also exempt to chase after and expand fertilizer,
Water management: Bulbus Allii has 5 important periods, it is necessary to carry out water management,
A, neat seedling stage: general sowing was neat Seedling after one week, after imposing neat seed manure, if field soil is more dry, can irrigate once, short Seedling growth;
B, Early seedling stage: Seedling Stage is the critical period of garlic nutrient Organ Differentiation and formation, enter growth of seedling early stage after the neat Seedling of Bulbus Allii, owing to irrigating 1 time after neat Seedling, it is possible to according to soil moisture content Rational Irrigation;
C, seedling middle and late stage: female to terminate as mark to moving back before surviving the winter, this phases-time is longer, also it is the important period of garlic nutrient growth, in order to water 1 time before surviving the winter, after surviving the winter, temperature returns and rises, and seedling initially enters the vigorous growth stage, should pour water in time, promote the growth of Bulbus Allii leaf, accelerate cauloid and increase thick;
D, BOITING STAGE: the blade of garlic sprouts differentiation is all put on display, blade area growth reaches peak value, soil root has also expanded maximum magnitude to, the growth of galic bolt is accelerated, and this phase is the period needing rich water amount maximum, and Ying Yu waters bolting water in time after chasing after booting fertilizer, to water continuously after existing tail, with the short Seedling of water, until 2-3 talent stops watering irrigation water before bolting, it is beneficial to storing;
E, Bulbus Allii expanding stage: galic bolt waters after gathering to promote that Bulbus Allii expands rapidly and increases weight immediately, results Bulbus Allii stops watering for first 5 days, controls growing way, promotes that the Assimilate of blade accelerates to transport to Bulbus Allii;
Seven, the facility Bulbus Allii soil moisture regulates, according to different requirements to the soil moisture in Bulbus Allii variant period, the preference temperature in Garlic Growth period is 12-25 DEG C, winter Bulbus Allii to be mainly the soil moisture on the low side, the activity and the Garlic Growth that affect garlic root are grown, therefore by using the fertilizer 4-6 sides such as muck when Bulbus Allii ploughs whole furrow, increase soil fertility and temperature, and 12-15 centimeters buries heating wire underground under Bulbus Allii field planting furrow, bury density underground corresponding with plantation Bulbus Allii row, on furrow limit, set up temperature control equipment simultaneously, it is controlled regulating temperature according to setting preference temperature,
Eight, facility Bulbus Allii produces light filling, needs are grown according to Garlic Growth, according to its demand to intensity of illumination, light application time above planting garlic furrow, hang light compensating lamp, concrete size 1.5-1.8 rice height and position on furrow is installed light compensating lamp each row and is installed illuminating lamp tube along planting planting-line, and lamp is from 100 centimetres and sets the light filling time and meets the lighting requirements of Garlic Growth; The suspension light compensating lamp timing controlled light filling time meets Bulbus Allii to intensity of illumination, light application time demand;
Nine, green prevention and control technology is applied, meet the needs that facility Garlic Growth is grown, facility Garlic Growth is grown and is hung Huang, backboard, prevention and control aphid, the insecticides such as thrips, suspension density be 20-25/, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 10 grams/acre or 0.18-0.25 gram/acre of even spraying of 0.3% nimbin emulsion can also be used, occurring takes during gray mold to ventilate reduces canopy humidity, smog method or soot technique can be adopted after closing canopy, start at the initial stage of a disease to use 45% Bravo aerosol 250 grams or 15% rotten U.S. profit (Sukeling) fumicants, prevent curing the disease, worm, crop smothering occurs,
Ten, garlic product results, managing close to the period of duration time according to facility Bulbus Allii period of duration through lean product, there is yellow cured leaf in Bulbus Allii inferior leads, middle and upper part blade by dark green be changed into dirty-green cut green blade functional leaf only have 5-7 sheet time, bottom Bulbus Allii Bulbus Allii substantially expands, and at this moment green for Bulbus Allii top is dug out together with one piece of Bulbus Allii, removes bottom yellow blade, cleaning plant, ties up label and sells.
Subordinate list 1 greenhouse light filling table
| The light filling date | Time started | End time | Remarks |
| 11.18-11.19 | 18.00 | 23.00 | |
| 11.20-11.21 | 18.04 | 23.04 | |
| 11.22-11.23 | 18.08 | 23.08 | |
| 11.24-11.26 | 18.12 | 23.12 | |
| 12.27-12.28 | 18.16 | 23.16 | |
| 12.29-12.30 | 18.20 | 23.20 | |
| 12.31-12.1 | 18.24 | 23.24 | |
| 12.2-12.3 | 18.28 | 23.28 | |
| 12.4-12.5 | 18.32 | 23.32 | |
| 12.6-12.7 | 18.36 | 23.36 | |
| 12.8-12.9 | 18.40 | 23.40 | |
| 12.10-12.11 | 18.44 | 23.44 | |
| 12.12-12.13 | 18.48 | 23.48 | |
| 12.14-12.15 | 18.52 | 23.52 | |
| 12.16-12.17 | 18.56 | 23.56 | |
| 12.18-12.19 | 19.00 | 24.00 | |
| 12.20-12.21 | 19.04 | 00.04 | |
| 12.22-12.23 | 19.08 | 00.08 | |
| 12.24-12.25 | 19.12 | 00.12 | |
| 12.26-12.27 | 19.16 | 00.16 | |
| 12.28-12.29 | 19.20 | 00.20 | |
| 12.30-12.31 | 19.24 | 00.24 | |
| 1.1-1.2 | 19.28 | 00.28 | |
| 1.3-1.4 | 19.32 | 00.32 | |
| 1.5-1.6 | 19.36 | 00.36 | |
| 1.7-1.8 | 19.40 | 00.40 | |
| 1.9-1.10 | 19.44 | 00.44 | |
| 1.11-1.12 | 19.48 | 00.48 | |
| 1.13-1.14 | 19.52 | 00.52 | |
| 1.15-1.16 | 19.56 | 00.56 | |
| 1.17-1.18 | 20.02 | 1.02 | |
| 1.19-1.20 | 20.06 | 1.06 |
Subordinate list 2: weather and thermograph (2013) in greenhouse
| December 9 days | Fine | 17�� | 19�� | 20.5�� | 19�� |
| December 10 days | Fine | 17�� | 19�� | 20.5�� | 20�� |
| December 11 days | Fine | 17�� | 19�� | 21�� | 20�� |
| December 12 days | Fine | 17�� | 19�� | 20�� | 20�� |
| December 13 days | Fine | 17�� | 18�� | 18�� | 20�� |
| December 14 days | Micro-fine | 17�� | 18.5�� | 19�� | 20�� |
| December 15 days | Mist | 17�� | 17�� | 18�� | 18�� |
| December 16 days | Mist | 17�� | 18 �� | 18�� | 18�� |
| December 17 days | Cloudy | 16�� | 16�� | 17�� | 18�� |
| December 18 days | Fine | 16.5�� | 17�� | 20�� | 19�� |
| December 19 days | Mist | 18�� | 18 �� | 19 �� | 18.5�� |
| December 20 days | Fine | 14�� | 19�� | 20�� | 19�� |
| December 21 days | Fine | 14�� | 17�� | 20�� | 19�� |
| December 22 days | Fine | 16�� | 17�� | 19�� | 18�� |
| December 23 days | There is cloud | 15�� | 17�� | 18�� | 18�� |
| December 24 days | Fine have cloud | 17�� | 17.5�� | 19�� | 18�� |
| December 25 days | Cloudy | 24�� | 15�� | 17�� | 16.5�� |
| December 26 days | Fine | 14�� | 16�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| December 27 days | Micro-fine | 14�� | 16.5�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| December 28 days | Micro-fine | 14�� | 18�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| December 29 days | Mist | 14�� | 17�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| December 30 days | Fine | 14�� | 17�� | 18�� | 18�� |
| December 31 days | Cloudy | 15�� | 17�� | 18.5�� | 18�� |
| January 1 | Fine | 16�� | 17�� | 18�� | 18�� |
| January 2 | Fine | 17�� | 17.5�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 3 | Fine | 17�� | 17.5�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 4 | Fine | 17�� | 17.5�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 5 | Fine | 17�� | 18�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 6 | Cloudy | 15�� | 16�� | 17�� | 17�� |
| January 7 | Cloudy | 15�� | 15�� | 16�� | 16�� |
| January 8 | Clear to cloudy | 16�� | 16�� | 17�� | 17�� |
| January 9 | Fine | 16�� | 17�� | 18�� | 18�� |
| January 10 | Fine turn mist | 14�� | 14�� | 16�� | 16�� |
| January 11 | Fine | 14�� | 17�� | 18�� | 17.5�� |
| January 12 | Fine | 15�� | 16�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 13 | Fine | 15�� | 16.5�� | 18�� | 18�� |
| January 14 | Cloudy | 14�� | 16�� | 17.5�� | 17�� |
| January 15 | Partly cloudy | 14�� | 16�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 16 | Partly cloudy | 16�� | 17�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 17 | Mist | 16�� | 16�� | 16�� | 16�� |
| January 18 | Cloudy | 14�� | 16�� | 18�� | 17�� |
| January 19 | Cloudy | 14�� | 16�� | 17�� | 16�� |
| January 20 | Fine | 14�� | 17�� | 19�� | 18�� |
| January 21 | Fine | 15�� | 18�� | 20�� | 19�� |
| January 22 | Fine | 16�� | 20�� | 21�� | 20�� |
Claims (1)
1., the cultural method of a kind of facility Bulbus Allii listing ahead of time, it is characterised in that: method is as follows:
One, the screening varieties of suitable facility Bulbus Allii, adopts period of maturation garlic cultivar early, it may be achieved production facility Bulbus Allii head purpose;
Two, the whole furrow in facility planting garlic plot, when whole furrow in order to regulate planting garlic temperature, humidity, carry out the whole furrow of little arcuate, Bulbus Allii seed field planting is on the back of a bow, whole furrow width 1.3 meters, seeding row spacing 10 cm x 18-20 centimetre, this plantation can effectively regulate humiture;
Three, the process of Bulbus Allii seed, 10��15 days prior to seeding, it is placed in clear water by garlic clove seed to eluriate and pulls out, then it is placed in cellar or in hot house, cover with wet sandy loam, wet sandy loam with hold agglomerating after unclamp that not dissipate be suitable, making its water content during sandy loam humidity deficit is suitable to 10-12%, again garlic clove is uniformly paved on the ground, paving thickness is at 8��10 centimetres, stirred every 3-5 days once, kind of a Bulbus Allii is made to make moist uniformly, root of hair is neat, through 10��15 days, both can sow when major part Bulbus Allii kind (more than 2/3) sends Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f., time efficient methods can be utilized if be pressed for time, it is about to kind of a garlic clove and puts in water, coolant-temperature gage is made to soak 24��48 hours in the warm water of 25��35 DEG C, kind of a lobe is made to suction moisture, can promote that garlic clove germinates and sowing in time,
Four, the selection in sowing time, difference according to location, Bulbus Allii sowing with late August��early September sow for the suitable phase, Bulbus Allii seed according to field planting amount 32000 plants/acre, Bulbus Allii north-south is planted, planting with hunchbacked same direction, during plantation, the Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. sent and soil are smoothed out and open, top covers sandy loam 1-2 centimetre;
Five, sunshading and temperature reducing, owing to when natural high-temperature, being not suitable for Bulbus Allii and germinateing after Bulbus Allii field planting, therefore with the Shading net covering of 50% light transmittance on booth, to reduce canopy temperature, promotes that Bulbus Allii germinates;
Six, Bulbus Allii produces fertile, water management;
Term Fertilization:
Allium Sativum L trophophase topdresses: though can utilize kind of a lobe nutrition, but in order to promote growth of seedling, increase plant nutrition area, need to topdress at suitable time, at this moment owing to the ability of garlic root absorption liquid manure is weak, therefore topdress and should use quick-acting fertilizer, in order to avoid taking off fertile and blade tip yellowing phenomenon occur, Bulbus Allii is topdressed and can be divided into 3-4 time;
A, urge seed manure: after Bulbus Allii tidy seedlings output, use once light night soil and carry Seedling, avoid and execute carbon ammonium, in case burn seedling;
B, growth fertilizer: after sowing 60-80 days, heavy dressing adds chemical fertilizer with 1 animal manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed, every mu of people and animals' urine 2000-3000 jin, thiamine 10 kilograms, potassium sulfate or 5 kilograms of potassium chloride, accomplish that early-maturing variety early topdresses, middle complete ripeness kind chases after late, promoting that seedling growth is prosperous, stem and leaf is sturdy, few yellow sharp or not yellow point during to rotten mother;
C, pregnant tongue fertilizer: plant the rotten imperial mother of Bulbus Allii, bud and bulb break up entrance scape elongating stage, the old aging of this phase successively, and new root occurs in a large number, stem and leaf and galic bolt also extend rapidly simultaneously, Bulbus Allii also begins to slowly expand, so that nutrient is many, answers heavy dressing available potassium, 10-15 kilogram of nitrogenous fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better), (short a kind of sedge that peelable Seedling observes cauloid bottom) is applied about first quarter moon before existing tail, to meet needs, promote galic bolt pumping fast, vigorous growth;
D, Bulbus Allii expands fertilizer: precocious and Early-mid ripening kind, owing to when Bulbus Allii expands, temperature is also not high, Bulbus Allii expanding stage is corresponding longer, for promoting that Bulbus Allii is loose, need before galic bolt is gathered, impose available nitrogen, potash fertilizer, if nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer mu is with 5-10 kilogram, if singly using 5 kilograms of carbamide both may be used, can not topdress too much, established garlic clove plumelet otherwise can be caused to turn green, come into leaves again and consume the nutrient of garlic clove, topdress and should carry out before galic bolt is gathered, after galic bolt is gathered, existing abundant Nutrients uptake Bulbus Allii expands, carry out after galic bolt is gathered if topdressing, then it is easily caused the remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe underproduction, if soil is more fertile, Bulbus Allii leaf hypertrophy color is deep, then can not execute and expand fertilizer, middle-late ripening variety is late due to bolting, temperature is higher, results galic bolt had both gathered in the crops Bulbus Allii after general about 20-25 days, therefore can also exempt to chase after and expand fertilizer,
Water management: Bulbus Allii has 5 important periods, it is necessary to carry out water management,
A, neat seedling stage: general sowing was neat Seedling after one week, after imposing neat seed manure, if field soil is more dry, can irrigate once, short Seedling growth;
B, Early seedling stage: Seedling Stage is the critical period of garlic nutrient Organ Differentiation and formation, enter growth of seedling early stage after the neat Seedling of Bulbus Allii, owing to irrigating 1 time after neat Seedling, it is possible to according to soil moisture content Rational Irrigation;
C, seedling middle and late stage: female to terminate as mark to moving back before surviving the winter, this phases-time is longer, also it is the important period of garlic nutrient growth, should water before surviving the winter 1 time, after surviving the winter, temperature returns and rises, and seedling initially enters the vigorous growth stage, should pour water in time, promote the growth of Bulbus Allii leaf, accelerate cauloid and increase thick;
D, BOITING STAGE: the blade of garlic sprouts differentiation is all put on display, blade area growth reaches peak value, soil root has also expanded maximum magnitude to, the growth of galic bolt is accelerated, and this phase is the period needing rich water amount maximum, and Ying Yu waters bolting water in time after chasing after booting fertilizer, to water continuously after existing tail, with the short Seedling of water, until 2-3 talent stops watering irrigation water before bolting, it is beneficial to storing;
E, Bulbus Allii expanding stage: galic bolt waters after gathering to promote that Bulbus Allii expands rapidly and increases weight immediately, results Bulbus Allii stops watering for first 5 days, controls growing way, promotes that the Assimilate of blade accelerates to transport to Bulbus Allii;
Seven, the facility Bulbus Allii soil moisture regulates, according to different requirements to the soil moisture in Bulbus Allii variant period, the preference temperature in Garlic Growth period is 12-25 DEG C, winter Bulbus Allii to be mainly the soil moisture on the low side, the activity and the Garlic Growth that affect garlic root are grown, therefore by using the fertilizer 4-6 sides such as muck when Bulbus Allii ploughs whole furrow, increase soil fertility and improve ground temperature, and 12-15 centimeters buries heating wire underground under Bulbus Allii field planting furrow, bury density underground corresponding with plantation Bulbus Allii row, on furrow limit, set up temperature control equipment simultaneously, it is heated control and regulation temperature according to setting preference temperature,
Eight, facility Bulbus Allii produces light filling, needs are grown according to Garlic Growth, according to its demand to intensity of illumination, light application time above planting garlic furrow, hang light compensating lamp, concrete size 1.5-1.8 rice height and position on furrow is installed light compensating lamp each row and is installed illuminating lamp tube along planting planting-line, and lamp is from 100 centimetres and sets the light filling time and meets the lighting requirements of Garlic Growth; The suspension light compensating lamp timing controlled light filling time meets Bulbus Allii to intensity of illumination, light application time demand;
Nine, green prevention and control technology application, meet the needs that facility Garlic Growth is grown, facility Garlic Growth grows insecticides such as hanging Huang, backboard prevention and control aphid, thrips, suspension density be 20-25/, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 10 grams/acre or 0.18-0.25 gram/acre of even spraying of 0.3% nimbin emulsion can also be used, gray mold is occurred to reduce canopy humidity by ventilating, smog method or soot technique can be adopted, start to use 45% Bravo aerosol 250 grams or 15% rotten U.S. profit (Sukeling) fumicants at the initial stage of a disease, anti-cure the disease, insect pest occurs;
Ten, garlic product results, managing close to the period of duration time according to facility Bulbus Allii period of duration through lean product, there is yellow cured leaf in Bulbus Allii inferior leads, middle and upper part blade is changed into dirty-green and when green blade functional leaf only has 5-7 sheet by dark green, bottom Bulbus Allii Bulbus Allii substantially expands, at this moment green for Bulbus Allii top is dug out together with one piece of Bulbus Allii, remove bottom yellow blade, tie up label and sell.
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