CN108109802A - 一种各向异性钕铁硼磁粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种各向异性钕铁硼磁粉其化学通式为:RE14Fe79B7,式中RE为Nd或Pr。该各向异性钕铁硼磁粉制备方法由以下步骤组成:将Nd或Pr块体、Fe块和B粉混合;在1.9×10‑3Pa,温度1500~1570℃下熔炼,冷却后得到铸锭;在500~900℃下和5×10‑3Pa中,保温5~15小时均匀化处理铸锭;在6.0×10‑4Pa,铜辊切向线速度为5~20m/s,甩带过程中石英管内外压力差为0.08~0.10MPa,得到宽度为5~15mm,厚度为100~500μm的钕铁硼合金带材;按正庚烷:油酸:钕铁硼合金带材质量比=30:30:70混合,球磨,得到浆料,在0.1Pa下干燥,得到RE14Fe79B7各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。本发明的钕铁硼磁粉组织均匀,具有明显的各向异性,表现出优良的磁性能。本发明的制备方法简单,成本低,适合工业化大批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于磁性材料领域,涉及一种各向异性钕铁硼磁粉及其制备方法。
背景技术
钕铁硼(Nd-Fe-B)磁体自1983年发明以来由于具有最高的最大磁能积((BH)max)且不含价格昂贵的Co元素,被称为第三稀土永磁材料而被深入研究和广泛应用。它的发展带动了整个下游产业,如通讯、电子、医疗和能源行业的进步和产品更新,钕铁硼产业已成为国民经济发展的重要组成部分。进入二十一世纪,电子信息、医疗设备、混合动力汽车、风力发电等产业的迅猛发展对烧结NdFeB磁体的综合磁性能提出了更高的要求,越来越多的研究者开展了大量的研究工作来提高NdFeB的永磁性能和热稳定性。
钕铁硼材料按照制备方法可分为烧结钕铁硼和粘结钕铁硼两大类。近年来,随着电子产品向小型化、薄型化和高性能化的方向发展,为满足市场的需求,对磁体也相应提出了“小、薄、高”的要求,同时具备高性能和形状优势的稀土类粘结磁体具有良好应用前景。目前使用最广泛的稀土粘结磁体是各向同性钕铁硼磁体,其理论剩磁B r只有各向异性粘结磁体的1/2,最大磁能积(BH)max只有各向异性钕铁硼磁体的1/4,难以满足高性能的要求。因此,无论是充分发挥稀土资源的优势,还是满足市场对高性能产品的需求,研究和开发高性能各向异性粘结钕铁硼永磁材料都尤为必要和迫切。
目前,传统通过球磨工艺制备得到的钕铁硼磁粉为各向同性的磁粉,且在不添加重稀土元素(Dy或者Tb)的条件下磁性能偏低,而制备各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的方法主要为HDDR(即氢化-歧化-脱氢-再复合)法,不同的HDDR工艺过程得到的钕铁硼磁粉的性能有着较大区别,对制成的磁体的性能指标也有着主导性影响。由于磁铁的使用环境、使用要求、使用场合各不相同,对磁体的性能要求也不同,因而对磁粉的制作工艺及方法也提出了更高的求。此外,HDDR法对气氛、温度和反应速度非常敏感,最优化“窗口”很窄。装备自动化要求高,性能稳定性和生产规模化是限制进一步工业化生产的瓶颈。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点与不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种设备工艺简单、产率高、成本低廉、节约能源的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:本发明所述的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的化学通式为:RE14Fe79B7,式中RE为Nd或Pr。
所述各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的制备方法由以下步骤组成:
①按照各元素的原子配比称量Nd或Pr块体、Fe块和B粉,混合;
②将上述配好的原料放入真空电弧炉中,抽真空至1.9×10-3Pa,加热至温度1500~1570℃,采用氩气清洗炉膛和氩气为保护气体,熔炼,冷却后得到铸锭;
③在500~900℃下和5×10-3Pa中,保温5~15小时均匀化处理铸锭;
④将均匀化处理的铸锭放入石英管中,然后将石英管置于真空甩带机中,抽真空至6.0×10-4Pa,采用氩气清洗炉膛和氩气为保护气体,铜辊切向线速度为5~20m/s,甩带过程中石英管内外压力差为0.08~0.10MPa,得到宽度为5~15mm,厚度为100~500μm的钕铁硼合金带材;
⑤按正庚烷:油酸:钕铁硼合金带材质量比=30:30:70混合,球磨,钢球直径为Ф12mm,球料比为15~50:50~85,球磨机转速为200~400rpm,时间为1~20小时,得到浆料,在0.1Pa下干燥,得到各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
优选的均匀化处理温度为800℃,时间为10小时。
优选的铜辊切向线速度为10m/s。
优选的球料比为25:1。
优选的球磨机转速为250rpm。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点和效果:
(1)本发明获得的钕铁硼磁粉组织均匀,具有明显的各向异性,表现出优良的磁性能;
(2)本发明的制备方法简单,成本低,适合工业化大批量生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的Nd14Fe79B7磁粉在室温条件下的退磁曲线图;
图2为实施例1的Nd14Fe79B7磁粉在室温条件下的X射线衍射图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
①按照上述通式各元素的原子配比称量Nd块体、Fe块和B粉,混合;
②将上述配好的原料放入真空电弧炉中,抽真空至1.9×10-3Pa,温度1550℃,采用氩气清洗炉膛和氩气为保护气体,熔炼,冷却后得到铸锭;
③在800℃温度下和5×10-3Pa中,保温10小时均匀化处理铸锭;
④将均匀化处理的铸锭放入石英管中,然后将石英管置于真空甩带机中,抽真空至6.0×10-4Pa,采用氩气清洗炉膛和保护气体,铜辊切向线速度为10m/s,甩带过程中石英管内外压力差为0.09MPa,得到宽度为10mm,厚度为150μm的钕铁硼合金带材;
⑤按正庚烷:油酸:钕铁硼合金带材质量比=30:30:70,将正庚烷、油酸和合金带材与Ф12mm的钢球一起装入不锈钢球磨罐中球磨,球料比为25,球磨机转速为250rpm,时间为5小时,得到浆料,在0.1Pa下干燥,得到Nd14Fe79B7各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
图1为实施例1的磁粉在室温条件下的退磁曲线图,如图所示,磁粉的矫顽力达到1.38T,剩磁比达到0.71。图2为实施例1的磁粉在室温条件下的X射线衍射图,如图所示,磁粉主要形成Nd2Fe14B相,其特征峰(006)得到显著加强,说明该钕铁硼磁粉为各向异性粉末。
实施例2
①按照上述通式各元素的原子配比称量Pr块体、Fe块和B粉,混合;
②将上述配好的原料放入真空电弧炉中,抽真空至1.9×10-3Pa,温度1550℃,采用氩气清洗炉膛和氩气为保护气体,熔炼,冷却后得到铸锭;
③在600℃温度下和5×10-3Pa中,保温5小时均匀化处理铸锭;
④将均匀化处理的铸锭放入石英管中,然后将石英管置于真空甩带机中,抽真空至6.0×10-4Pa,采用氩气清洗炉膛和保护气体,铜辊切向线速度为15m/s,甩带过程中石英管内外压力差为0.09MPa,得到宽度为8mm,厚度为340μm的钕铁硼合金带材;
⑤按正庚烷:油酸:钕铁硼合金带材质量比=30:30:70,将正庚烷、油酸和合金带材与Ф12mm的钢球一起装入不锈钢球磨罐中球磨,球料比为20,球磨机转速为250rpm,时间为15小时,得到浆料,在0.1Pa下干燥,得到Pr14Fe79B7各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
将合金带材在真空手套箱中与Ф12mm的钢球、湿法球磨溶剂正庚烷、表面活性剂通过综合物性测量系统(PPMS)测得磁粉的矫顽力达到0.89T,剩磁比达到0.55,说明该磁粉为各向异性磁粉。
Claims (6)
1.一种各向异性钕铁硼磁粉,其特征在于其化学通式为:RE14Fe79B7,式中RE为Nd或Pr。
2.权利要求1所述的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的制备方法,其特征在于由以下步骤组成:
①按照各元素的原子配比称量Nd或Pr块体、Fe块和B粉,混合;
②将上述配好的原料放入真空电弧炉中,抽真空至1.9×10-3Pa,加热至温度1500~1570℃,采用氩气清洗炉膛和氩气为保护气体,熔炼,冷却后得到铸锭;
③在500~900℃下和5×10-3Pa中,保温5~15小时均匀化处理铸锭;
④将均匀化处理的铸锭放入石英管中,然后将石英管置于真空甩带机中,抽真空至6.0×10-4Pa,采用氩气清洗炉膛和氩气为保护气体,铜辊切向线速度为5~20m/s,甩带过程中石英管内外压力差为0.08~0.10MPa,得到宽度为5~15mm,厚度为100~500μm的钕铁硼合金带材;
⑤按正庚烷:油酸:钕铁硼合金带材质量比=30:30:70混合,球磨,钢球直径为Ф12mm,球料比为15~50:50~85,球磨机转速为200~400rpm,时间为1~20小时,得到浆料,在0.1Pa下干燥,得到RE14Fe79B7各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
3.根据权利要求2所述的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的制备方法,其特征在于所述步骤③的均匀化处理温度为800℃,时间为10小时。
4.根据权利要求2所述的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的制备方法,其特征在于所述铜辊切向线速度为10m/s。
5.根据权利要求2所述的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的制备方法,其特征在于所述球料比为25:1。
6.根据权利要求2所述的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉的制备方法,其特征在于所述球磨机转速为250rpm。
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CN116334664A (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-06-27 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | 用于电解水的非晶体纳米粉末及其制备方法、制备装置 |
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CN111681867A (zh) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-18 | 华南理工大学 | 钕铁硼磁粉及其制备方法与应用 |
CN116334664A (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-06-27 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | 用于电解水的非晶体纳米粉末及其制备方法、制备装置 |
CN116334664B (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-09-22 | 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司 | 用于电解水的非晶体纳米粉末及其制备方法、制备装置 |
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