CN107316727A - 一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法 - Google Patents

一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107316727A
CN107316727A CN201710545657.XA CN201710545657A CN107316727A CN 107316727 A CN107316727 A CN 107316727A CN 201710545657 A CN201710545657 A CN 201710545657A CN 107316727 A CN107316727 A CN 107316727A
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姜华
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Jingci Material Technology Co Ltd
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    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
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    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0576Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
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    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法,步骤包括:1)将钕铁硼烧结原材料破碎成粗粉;2)将稀土金属进行氢爆处理,制得粉末;3)将步骤2制得的稀土金属粉末加入到步骤1制得的粗粉中,进行均匀混粉;4)将步骤3制得的粉末进行气流磨制,制得粉末,粉末粒度为2.0~4.0μm;5)将步骤4制得的粉末压制成生坯;6)将生坯在保护气体的作用下投入烧结炉并将所述烧结炉抽真空,压力为0.4~0.6Pa;7)在烧结炉内进行烧结。本发明在钕铁硼磁体制备过程中的多个步骤进行分析,从钕铁硼的制粉入手,针对传统工艺制备超高剩磁超高矫顽力磁体遇到的难题,以及制备高性能磁体对重稀土的依赖。采用此方法,可以在获得同等剩磁和矫顽力的同时,显著降低重稀土的使用。

Description

一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于永磁体制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法。
背景技术
永磁体即硬磁体,能够长期保持其磁性的磁体,不易失磁,也不易被磁化。因而,无论是在工业生产还是在日常生活中,硬磁体最常用的强力材料之一。钕铁硼磁体也称为钕磁体(Neodymium magnet),其化学式为Nd2Fe14B,是一种人造的永久磁体,是由铁和价格低廉、资源丰富、可稳定供给的钕和硼元素组合而成,可廉价制造而出,同时钕铁硼的磁能积可以达到铁氧体的10倍以上,因而,钕铁硼磁体由于其性价比优、体积下、密度高、性能优异而被广泛用于风电、电机、VCM、无人机等领域,并且随着混合电动汽车的发展,在未来有很大的发展契机。目前,高性能钕铁硼永磁体主要由烧结法制备,其中周寿增等在《烧结钕铁硼稀土永磁材料与技术》中公开了烧结钕铁硼永磁体的制作工艺流程,主要是熔炼、制粉、压制成型、等静压和烧结五个步骤,具体包括配料、熔炼、氢破碎、制粉、粉末取向压制成型、等静压、真空烧结等步骤。
随着稀土元素的使用量的增加,对于原材料的成本降低成为一个热点。传统的工艺,在制备高剩磁高矫顽力的同时,需要加大重稀土的使用,这无形中增加了制造成本。本发明是基于解决这个问题设计的一个制备方法。现在为了制备高剩磁高矫顽力永磁体,传统的工艺方法需要使用更多重稀土,利用此方法,可以使得重稀土在晶界出形成富钕相,极大的提高矫顽力,同时因为含重稀土的富钕相仅在晶界和主相的外层存在,所以剩磁降低的幅度很小。本特殊制备方法可以很好的解决这个问题,获得性能优异的磁体的同时,降低重稀土的使用。
发明内容
针对所提到的问题,本发明提供了一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法,步骤包括:
1)将钕铁硼烧结原材料破碎成粗粉;
2)将稀土金属进行氢爆处理,制得粉末,粉末粒径与所述步骤1制得的粗粉粒径相同;
3)将步骤2制得的稀土金属粉末按照1~3‰的比例加入到步骤1制得的粗粉中,进行均匀混粉;
4)将步骤3制得的粉末进行气流磨制,制得粉末,所述粉末粒度为2.0~4.0μm;
5)将步骤4制得的粉末压制成生坯;
6)将所述生坯在保护气体的作用下投入烧结炉并将所述烧结炉抽真空,压力为0.4~0.6Pa;
7)将所述烧结炉升温至200~300℃后,保温1~3h;
8)将所述烧结炉升温至500~650℃后,保温1~3h;
9)将所述烧结炉升温至700~850℃后,保温3~4h;
10)将所述烧结炉升温至预烧平台,所述预烧平台温度900~1000℃为,保温3~5h;
11)将所述烧结炉升温至烧结平台,所述烧结平台温度为1050~1100℃,保温10~12h;
12)冷却所述烧结炉至80~100℃,制得烧结钕铁硼磁体。
优选方案是:所述保护气体为氩气。
优选方案是:步骤12中,充入氩气风冷却。
优选方案是:步骤5中的生坯的密度为3.5~5.5g/cm3
优选方案是:所述烧结炉炉温均匀性±5℃。
优选方案是:所述稀土金属为稀土纯金属或稀土金属合金。
优选方案是:所述稀土纯金属为Dy。
优选方案是:所述稀土金属合金为Dy和PrNd合金。
优选方案是:在升温过程中,升温速率为2~8℃/min。
优选方案是:所述气流磨制的方法为:
1)原料预处理:将超细粉收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,添加0.4‰~0.5‰的防氧化剂混合1~2小时;将难磨料收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,然后在稳定气体保护的气流磨中研磨成平均粒度为5~8μm的粉末,将超细粉和难磨料粉末按照重量组分为1:1~1:4的比例混合均匀,得混合粉末;
2)过筛:将步骤1)中混合粉末放进筛网目数为150~200目的超声波筛粉机中进行过筛处理,处理结束后,静置5~8小时;
3)压制成型:将过筛处理好的粉末放进具有稳定气体保护的成型压机模具中,在磁场强度为1.4~2.0T的取向磁场下取向并压制成型,得压坯。
本发明在钕铁硼磁体制备过程中的多个步骤进行分析,从钕铁硼的制粉入手,针对传统工艺制备超高剩磁超高矫顽力磁体遇到的难题,以及制备高性能磁体对重稀土的依赖。采用此方法,可以在获得同等剩磁和矫顽力的同时,显著降低重稀土的使用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
应当理解,本文所使用的诸如“具有”、“包含”以及“包括”术语并不配出一个或多个其它元件或其组合的存在或添加。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法,步骤包括:
1)将钕铁硼烧结原材料破碎成粗粉;
2)将稀土纯金属Dy进行氢爆处理,制得粉末,粉末粒径与所述步骤1制得的粗粉粒径相同;
3)将步骤2制得的Dy金属粉末按照1‰的比例加入到步骤1制得的粗粉中,进行均匀混粉;
4)将步骤3制得的粉末进行气流磨制,制得粉末,所述粉末粒度为2.0μm;
5)将步骤4制得的粉末压制成生坯,生坯的密度为3.5g/cm3
6)将所述生坯在保护气体的作用下投入烧结炉并将所述烧结炉抽真空,压力为0.4Pa,所述保护气体为氩气,所述烧结炉炉温均匀性±5℃,升温速率为2℃/min;
7)将所述烧结炉升温至200℃后,保温1h;
8)将所述烧结炉升温至500℃后,保温1h;
9)将所述烧结炉升温至700℃后,保温3h;
10)将所述烧结炉升温至预烧平台,所述预烧平台温度900℃为,保温3h;
11)将所述烧结炉升温至烧结平台,所述烧结平台温度为1050℃,保温10h;
12)充入氩气风冷却所述烧结炉至80℃,制得烧结钕铁硼磁体。
其中所述气流磨制的方法为:
1)原料预处理:将超细粉收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,添加0.4‰的防氧化剂混合1小时;将难磨料收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,然后在稳定气体保护的气流磨中研磨成平均粒度为5μm的粉末,将超细粉和难磨料粉末按照重量组分为1:1~1:4的比例混合均匀,得混合粉末;
2)过筛:将步骤1)中混合粉末放进筛网目数为150目的超声波筛粉机中进行过筛处理,处理结束后,静置5小时;
3)压制成型:将过筛处理好的粉末放进具有稳定气体保护的成型压机模具中,在磁场强度为1.4T的取向磁场下取向并压制成型,得压坯。
表1为本实施例制备的钕铁硼磁体磁性能和成分的对比数据
由表1可以看出,本实施例1制备的钕铁硼磁体的磁性能与现有工艺相比矫顽力略高,重稀土Dy的用量显著降低。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法,步骤包括:
1)将钕铁硼烧结原材料破碎成粗粉;
2)将Dy和PrNd稀土金属进行氢爆处理,制得粉末,粉末粒径与所述步骤1制得的粗粉粒径相同;
3)将步骤2制得的1‰Dy粉末和2‰PrNd粉末加入到步骤1制得的粗粉中,进行均匀混粉;
4)将步骤3制得的粉末进行气流磨制,制得粉末,所述粉末粒度为4.0μm;
5)将步骤4制得的粉末压制成生坯,生坯的密度为5.5g/cm3
6)将所述生坯在保护气体的作用下投入烧结炉并将所述烧结炉抽真空,压力为0.4~0.6Pa,所述保护气体为氩气,所述烧结炉炉温均匀性±5℃,升温速率为8℃/min;
7)将所述烧结炉升温至300℃后,保温3h;
8)将所述烧结炉升温至650℃后,保温3h;
9)将所述烧结炉升温至850℃后,保温4h;
10)将所述烧结炉升温至预烧平台,所述预烧平台温度1000℃为,保温5h;
11)将所述烧结炉升温至烧结平台,所述烧结平台温度为1100℃,保温12h;
12)充入氩气风冷却所述烧结炉至100℃,制得烧结钕铁硼磁体。
其中所述气流磨制的方法为:
1)原料预处理:将超细粉收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,添加0.5‰的防氧化剂混合2小时;将难磨料收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,然后在稳定气体保护的气流磨中研磨成平均粒度为8μm的粉末,将超细粉和难磨料粉末按照重量组分为1:4的比例混合均匀,得混合粉末;
2)过筛:将步骤1)中混合粉末放进筛网目数为200目的超声波筛粉机中进行过筛处理,处理结束后,静置8小时;
3)压制成型:将过筛处理好的粉末放进具有稳定气体保护的成型压机模具中,在磁场强度为2.0T的取向磁场下取向并压制成型,得压坯。
表2为本实施例制备的钕铁硼磁体磁性能和成分的对比数据
由表2可以看出,本实施例2制备的钕铁硼磁体的磁性能与现有工艺相比矫顽力略高,重稀土显著降低,尤其是Tb的使用。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。

Claims (10)

1.一种烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,步骤包括:
1)将钕铁硼烧结原材料破碎成粗粉;
2)将稀土金属进行氢爆处理,制得粉末,粉末粒径与所述步骤1制得的粗粉粒径相同;
3)将步骤2制得的稀土金属粉末按照1~3‰的比例加入到步骤1制得的粗粉中,进行均匀混粉;
4)将步骤3制得的粉末进行气流磨制,制得粉末,所述粉末粒度为2.0~4.0μm;
5)将步骤4制得的粉末压制成生坯;
6)将所述生坯在保护气体的作用下投入烧结炉并将所述烧结炉抽真空,压力为0.4~0.6Pa;
7)将所述烧结炉升温至200~300℃后,保温1~3h;
8)将所述烧结炉升温至500~650℃后,保温1~3h;
9)将所述烧结炉升温至700~850℃后,保温3~4h;
10)将所述烧结炉升温至预烧平台,所述预烧平台温度900~1000℃为,保温3~5h;
11)将所述烧结炉升温至烧结平台,所述烧结平台温度为1050~1100℃,保温10~12h;
12)冷却所述烧结炉至80~100℃,制得烧结钕铁硼磁体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,所述保护气体为氩气。
3.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,步骤12中,充入氩气风冷却。
4.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,步骤5中的生坯的密度为3.5~5.5g/cm3
5.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧结炉炉温均匀性±5℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀土金属为稀土纯金属或稀土金属合金。
7.根据权利要求6所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀土纯金属为Dy。
8.根据权利要求6所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀土金属合金为Dy和PrNd合金。
9.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,在升温过程中,升温速率为2~8℃/min。
10.根据权利要求1所述的烧结钕铁硼制备方法,其特征在于,所述气流磨制的方法为:
1)原料预处理:将超细粉收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,添加0.4‰~0.5‰的防氧化剂混合1~2小时;将难磨料收集到稳定气体保护的密封罐中,然后在稳定气体保护的气流磨中研磨成平均粒度为5~8μm的粉末,将超细粉和难磨料粉末按照重量组分为1:1~1:4的比例混合均匀,得混合粉末;
2)过筛:将步骤1)中混合粉末放进筛网目数为150~200目的超声波筛粉机中进行过筛处理,处理结束后,静置5~8小时;
3)压制成型:将过筛处理好的粉末放进具有稳定气体保护的成型压机模具中,在磁场强度为1.4~2.0T的取向磁场下取向并压制成型,得压坯。
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