CN105869819A - 各向异性磁粉的制备方法 - Google Patents

各向异性磁粉的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105869819A
CN105869819A CN201610459147.6A CN201610459147A CN105869819A CN 105869819 A CN105869819 A CN 105869819A CN 201610459147 A CN201610459147 A CN 201610459147A CN 105869819 A CN105869819 A CN 105869819A
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iron
magnetic powder
powder
temperature
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赵立文
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Dongguan Haitian Magnetic Industry Co Ltd
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Dongguan Haitian Magnetic Industry Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14Treatment of metallic powder
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0576Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种各向异性磁粉的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:a、将Nd13FeB钕铁硼磁粉原料置于真空感应炉中冶炼,冶炼后浇铸成钕铁硼合金锭;b、将钕铁硼合金锭在1000~1500℃的温度均匀化处理15~30小时,然后破碎成粒度小于0.2mm的钕铁硼磁粉末;c、将钕铁硼磁粉末在真空炉中升温至800℃以上,通入压力为0.05~0.3MPa的氢气进行氢化反应2~4小时。d、将氢化反应后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为600~800℃的低真空状态下脱氢处理20~40分钟;e、将脱氢处理后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为800~1000℃的高真空状态下复合处理20~40分钟,然后在一小时内冷却至0℃,得到各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。本发明具有工艺简单,易于实施,综合磁性能优异等特点。

Description

各向异性磁粉的制备方法
【技术领域】
本发明涉及永久磁铁磁粉的制备方法,特别是涉及一种各向异性磁粉的制备方法。
【背景技术】
人们知道,钕铁硼磁铁是迄今为止磁力最强的永久磁铁,其作为第三代稀土永磁材料,因具有很高的性能而广泛应用于能源、交通、机械、医疗、IT、家电等行业,特别是随着信息技术为代表的知识经济的发展,为钕铁硼稀土永磁功能材料及产业发展不断带来新的用途,并为钕铁硼产业带来更为广阔的市场前景。近年来,电子产品逐渐朝着小型化、薄型化、高性能化的方向发展,为此,对磁性材料也提出了相应的要求。然而,现有的磁粉生产技术由于批量生产稳定性差,磁场取向成型技术不过关以及磁体抗氧化及耐温性不足等而成为制约我国的各向异性粘结钕铁硼材料未能取得商业化成功的主要障碍。因此,无论从充分发掘稀土资源优势,还是从市场需求出发,研究和开发高磁性能的各向异性粘结钕铁硼材料都显得尤为必要和迫切。
目前,使用最广泛的稀土类磁铁是各向同性钕铁硼粘结磁铁,这种磁铁的磁能积远低于烧结钕铁硼磁体,其理论剩磁B只有各向异性钕铁硼磁体的1/2,最大磁能积(BH)仅为各向异性钕铁硼磁体的1/4,因而多用于磁性能要求不高的场合,因而使其应用受到了一定的限制。而各向异性磁体的最大磁能积比各向同性磁体高2.5-4倍,因而受到越来越多的人关注以及研究开发。
在各向异性粘结钕铁硼材料的制备方法中,HDDR(即氢化-歧化-脱氢-再复合)工艺是目前的一种切实可行的方法。不同的HDDR工艺过程得到的钕铁硼磁粉的性能有着较大区别,对制成的磁体的性能指标也有着主导性影响。由于磁铁的使用环境、使用要求、使用场合各不相同,对磁体的性能要求也不同,因而对磁粉的制作工艺及方法也提出了更高的要求。
【发明内容】
本发明旨在解决上述问题,而提供一种工艺简单,易于实施,综合磁性能优异的各向异性磁粉的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种各向异性磁粉的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
a、将Nd13FeB钕铁硼磁粉原料置于真空感应炉中冶炼,冶炼后浇铸成钕铁硼合金锭;
b、将钕铁硼合金锭在1000~1500℃的温度均匀化处理15~30小时,然后破碎成粒度小于0.2mm的钕铁硼磁粉末;
c、将钕铁硼磁粉末在真空炉中升温至800℃以上,通入压力为0.05~0.3MPa的氢气进行氢化反应2~4小时。
d、将氢化反应后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为600~800℃的低真空状态下脱氢处理20~40分钟;
e、将脱氢处理后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为800~1000℃的高真空状态下复合处理20~40分钟,然后在一小时内冷却至0℃,得到各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
优选地,步骤b中,所述钕铁硼合金锭均匀化处理的温度为1300℃,均匀化处理时间为24小时。
优选地,步骤c中,所述氢化反应是将钕铁硼磁粉末在真空炉中升温至800℃以上,通入压力为0.1MPa的氢气进行氢化反应3小时。
优选地,步骤d中,所述脱氢处理的温度为800℃,脱氢处理时间为30分钟。
优选地,步骤e中,所述复合处理的温度为800℃,复合处理时间为30分钟,且在一小时内冷却至0℃。
本发明的贡献在于,其提供了一种制备高性能各向异性磁粉的方法。本发明通过合理选择和控制钕铁硼磁粉制备工艺中不同阶段的温度、反应时间、真空度等条件,使得所制备的各向异性磁粉具备优异的磁性能,并可以此制备性能优异的钕铁硼磁体。本发明的方法工艺简单,易于实施,所制备的钕铁硼磁粉可用于制备高性能磁体。
【具体实施方式】
下列实施例是对本发明的进一步解释和说明,对本发明不构成任何限制。
本发明的各向异性磁粉的制备方法中,所述的磁粉为钕铁硼磁粉,该方法为各向异性钕铁硼磁粉制备方法。本发明的方法包括:
1、钕铁硼合金锭制备
首先,将钕铁硼磁粉原料置于真空感应炉中冶炼,冶炼的温度为1450℃度,冶炼后在水冷铜模中浇注为合金锭。所述钕铁硼磁粉原料为Nd13FeB钕铁硼磁粉原料,其可以是公知的Nd13FeB钕铁硼磁粉原料。
二、合金锭均匀化处理
为了消除α-Fe树枝晶,将钕铁硼合金锭在保护氛气下以1300℃的温度均匀化处理24小时,然后后快速水淬至室温。接着将钕铁硼合金锭破碎成粒度小于0.2mm的钕铁硼磁粉末。
三、氢化反应
该氢化反应包括吸氢反应和歧化反应。将钕铁硼磁粉末在真空炉中,通入压力为0.1MPa的氢气并加热到850℃度,保温3小时,使得钕铁硼磁粉吸氢并及歧化反应,经歧化反应后形成各向异性的磁粉。
四、脱氢处理
将氢化反应后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为800℃的低真空状态下保温30分钟,进行脱氢处理。
五、复合处理
将脱氢处理后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为800℃的高真空状态下复合处理30分钟,使得钕铁硼磁粉末的合金进行重组,然后在一小时内冷却至0℃进行淬火,得到各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
本发明的方法所制备的各向异性钕铁硼磁粉可用于制备高性能磁体。

Claims (5)

1.一种各向异性磁粉的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括如下步骤:
a、将Nd13FeB钕铁硼磁粉原料置于真空感应炉中冶炼,冶炼后浇铸成钕铁硼合金锭;
b、将钕铁硼合金锭在1000~1500℃的温度均匀化处理15~30小时,然后破碎成粒度小于0.2mm的钕铁硼磁粉末;
c、将钕铁硼磁粉末在真空炉中升温至800℃以上,通入压力为0.05~0.3MPa的氢气进行氢化反应2~4小时。
d、将氢化反应后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为600~800℃的低真空状态下脱氢处理20~40分钟;
e、将脱氢处理后的钕铁硼磁粉末在温度为800~1000℃的高真空状态下复合处理20~40分钟,然后在一小时内冷却至0℃,得到各向异性钕铁硼磁粉。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤b中,所述钕铁硼合金锭均匀化处理的温度为1300℃,均匀化处理时间为24小时。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤c中,所述氢化反应是将钕铁硼磁粉末在真空炉中升温至800℃以上,通入压力为0.1MPa的氢气进行氢化反应3小时。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤d中,所述脱氢处理的温度为800℃,脱氢处理时间为30分钟。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤e中,所述复合处理的温度为800℃,复合处理时间为30分钟,且在一小时内冷却至0℃。
CN201610459147.6A 2015-10-19 2016-06-21 各向异性磁粉的制备方法 Pending CN105869819A (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108109802A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-01 广东省稀有金属研究所 一种各向异性钕铁硼磁粉及其制备方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011049440A (ja) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-10 Hitachi Metals Ltd R−t−b系永久磁石の製造方法
CN103782352A (zh) * 2011-09-09 2014-05-07 户田工业株式会社 R-t-b类稀土磁体粉末、r-t-b类稀土磁体粉末的制造方法和粘结磁体

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011049440A (ja) * 2009-08-28 2011-03-10 Hitachi Metals Ltd R−t−b系永久磁石の製造方法
CN103782352A (zh) * 2011-09-09 2014-05-07 户田工业株式会社 R-t-b类稀土磁体粉末、r-t-b类稀土磁体粉末的制造方法和粘结磁体

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108109802A (zh) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-01 广东省稀有金属研究所 一种各向异性钕铁硼磁粉及其制备方法

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Application publication date: 20160817