CN1079972A - 制备有机/无机杂化聚合物方法 - Google Patents

制备有机/无机杂化聚合物方法 Download PDF

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CN1079972A
CN1079972A CN93106903A CN93106903A CN1079972A CN 1079972 A CN1079972 A CN 1079972A CN 93106903 A CN93106903 A CN 93106903A CN 93106903 A CN93106903 A CN 93106903A CN 1079972 A CN1079972 A CN 1079972A
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organoalkoxysilane
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林侠成
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/48—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms
    • C08G77/58—Metal-containing linkages
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/10—Block or graft copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences
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    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/14—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers in which at least two but not all the silicon atoms are connected by linkages other than oxygen atoms

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种制造有机-无机杂化聚合物的 方法，包括以下各步骤：a.水解通式为RxSi(OR′)4-x 的含有机官能基的烷氧基硅烷，式中R为有机基官 能基，R′为可水解的低分子量烷基，X至少为1并小 于4；b.使该有机官能基R与可水解的有机单体反 应，形成有机-无机杂化物；和c.使该有机-无机杂化 物聚合，生成有机-无机杂化聚合物。

Description

本发明概括地说涉及有机/无机杂化聚合物，尤其上丙烯酸类变体的技术。
Yoldas等人的许多专利公开了含有各种组分的溶胶-凝胶组合物。Yoldas的3，941，719号和3，944，658号美国专利涉及氧化铝溶胶-凝胶。Paruso和Yoldas和4，208，475号和4，244，986号美国专利介绍了一种由有机金属钠和铝化合物形成的液态聚合物。
本申请人的中国专利申请87-107834号具体包括通过将有机硅氧烷添加到氧化铝水溶胶而制备硅烷/氧化铝的溶胶-凝胶组合物的方法，其中氧化铝水溶胶是由可水解的烷醇铝制得的。有机硅氧烷通过水解及与已水解的烷醇铝的缩合，形成了含有有机组分的硅氧烷/氧化铝共聚物。
本发明的有机-无机杂化聚合物是在含有机烷氧基硅烷的无机氧化物溶胶存在下，由有机单体的聚合而制成的，而有机烷氧基硅烷含有能与所说的有机单体反应的有机官能基。
用于生产本发明的有机-无机杂化聚合物的溶胶-凝胶体系可按以下方式制备。首先用水作溶剂水解烷醇铝。在水解期间，温度最好保持在80℃左右以防止形成不溶的三羟铝石。根据本发明，各种可水解的烷醇铝均匀可被用来形成溶胶。优选的烷醇铝具有通式Al（OR）3，式中R最好是通式为CnH2n+1的烷基，其中n为2到4。异丙醇铝是特别优选的烷醇铝，最好，先装异丙醇铝加到80℃的热水中，接着加入酸水解剂。根据本发明，可以使用各种酸，既可用无机酸，诸如硝酸和盐酸，也可用有机酸，诸如乙酸和二氯乙酸。基本的水解反应如下：
缩合反应可涉及到烷氧基和/或羟基，按以下反应中的一个生成水或醇：
或
水解和缩合反应一直进行到所有的烷氧基基本上被水解为止，缩合反应形成含侧位和端位羟基的铝-氧网络的组合物，其经验式为AlO（OH）。
在一个优选实施例中，将烷醇铝加到压力容器内的80℃水中，在加入酸之后，将容器密封并在压力下加热此混合物。使用异丙醇铝时，加热二小时温度为125℃，压力达到50磅/寸。在压力下经几小时后，就形成清溶胶，而且还避免了不溶物氢氧化铝的沉淀，与此相比，在常压下则需要几天才能形成清溶胶。
在一个优选实施例中，氧化铝溶胶凝缩合形成弱交联的凝胶，以致在密闭容器中当凝胶加热到接近60℃时，它又转变成清溶胶。在室温下，该形成的溶胶约在72小时内再次变为凝胶。这种可逆性使氧化铝溶胶-凝胶组合物具有较长的贮存期。
根据上面申请的发明，在氧化铝溶胶制备好后，加入有机烷氧基硅烷，有机烷氧基硅烷与水解的氧化铝溶胶按下面总的反应式进行反应：
生成一种硅-氧-铝网络。在氧化铝水溶胶中，有机烷氧基硅烷的剩余烷氧基按下面总的反应式水解：
根据本发明，可以使用各种有机烷氧基硅烷。优选的有机烷氧基硅烷具有通式RxSi（OR′）4-x，其中x少于4，并且最好为1，R为有机官能基，R′为低分子量烷基。R最好是γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基。
根据本发明，有机-无机杂化聚合物是在含有机烷氧基硅烷的这种无机氧化物溶胶存在下，通过有机单体的聚合制备的，而有机烷氧基硅烷中含有能与所说的有机单体反应的有机官能基，官能基R是根据随后被聚合的有机单体选择的。优选的官能基是可与丙烯酸单体反应，能聚合成为丙烯酸类聚合物的丙烯酰氧基。生成杂化聚合物的优选有机烷氧基硅烷是γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基·三甲氧基硅烷。
实施例
按以下步骤制备一种有机-无机杂化聚合物。先将900克的水加热到80℃，然后加入225克的异丙醇铝（Al（OC3H7）3）和19.8克的冰醋酸，制出5%的氧化铝溶胶。再在压力容器内在120℃加热2小时，由此制成清氧化铝溶胶。向130克的氧化铝溶胶中加入等摩尔量（15.8克）的甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基·三甲氧基硅烷
Figure 931069033_IMG1
搅拌混合物，在约45分钟内凝胶化，然后在60℃加热一夜。滤出凝胶，用去离子水洗涤并在60℃干燥一夜。在加入11.02克凝胶之前，先将100克甲基丙烯酸甲酯加上0.5克偶氮二异丁腈催化剂（由杜邦公司提供）在70℃的水浴中加热约14分钟，超声搅拌10分钟，并加热到70℃、时间5分钟即形成清溶液，清溶液被冷却到室温并浇入到涂有脱模剂的玻璃模腔中，此组合物通过在300毫微米的紫外辐射中暴露90分钟而固化，接着被加热到100℃、时间约为25分钟。此聚合物与聚（甲基丙烯酸甲酯）相比，具有更好的耐溶剂性，不会在260℃熔化，并且其莫氏硬度约为3。

Claims (2)

1、一种制备有机-无机杂化聚合物的方法，包括以下各步骤：
a.水解通式为RxSi(OR′)4-x的含有机官能基的烷氧基硅烷，式中R为有机基官能基，R′为可水解的低分子量烷基，x至少为1并小于4；
b.使该有机官能基R与可聚合的有机单体反应，形成有机-无机杂化物；和
c.使该有机-无机杂化物聚合，生成有机-无机杂化聚合物。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中烷氧基硅烷是γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷。
CN93106903A 1986-10-03 1993-06-04 制备有机/无机杂化聚合物方法 Pending CN1079972A (zh)

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US914,859 1986-10-03

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CN102977650A (zh) * 2012-12-18 2013-03-20 杨洪 一种含有机官能团的无机聚合物水性环保涂料
CN103254762A (zh) * 2013-01-30 2013-08-21 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 镁合金基体表面防腐用有机硅溶胶-凝胶涂层的制备方法

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