CN107987781B - 聚氨酯密封胶 - Google Patents

聚氨酯密封胶 Download PDF

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CN107987781B
CN107987781B CN201711279208.1A CN201711279208A CN107987781B CN 107987781 B CN107987781 B CN 107987781B CN 201711279208 A CN201711279208 A CN 201711279208A CN 107987781 B CN107987781 B CN 107987781B
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邵亚
陈伟
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Abstract

本案涉及一种聚氨酯密封胶,该聚氨酯密封胶由A组分和B组分组成,其中,A组分配方如下:TDI预聚体20‑30份,NDI预聚体30‑50份,端羟基聚丁二烯20‑30份,聚醚220 60‑90份;增塑剂10‑20份;B组分配方如下:填料30‑50份,扩链剂10‑20份,分散剂1‑3份,热稳定剂2‑5份,光稳定剂0.5‑1份,催化剂0.2‑0.5份,A‑151 1‑3份。本发明中聚醚220和端羟基聚丁二烯组成软段增加密封胶的弹性,通过加入小分子扩链剂和TDI预聚体、NDI预聚体反应生成氨基甲酸酯的低聚物组成硬度,增加初始分解温度,提高聚氨酯密封胶的热稳定性;具有耐水性好,使用寿命长,强度大的优点。

Description

聚氨酯密封胶
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种聚氨酯密封胶。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)是现在世界上六大合成材料之一,PU材料及其制品已被广泛应用于国民经济的方方面面。聚氨酯胶黏剂(Polyurethane Adhesive)是指在分子链中含有氨基甲酸酯基团(-NHCOO-)和/或异氰酸酯基(-NCO)的胶黏剂。它具有优异的性能,且应用领域广泛,其多样性几乎为每一种粘接难题都准备了解决的方法。由聚氨酯制成的密封胶不仅具备了聚氨酯弹性好、耐低温、耐磨、对基材界面黏附性好等优点,同时还具有原料广、配方多样、操作方便的特点。经过近一个世纪的发展,聚氨酯已经和聚硫、硅酮(即有机硅)一起被称为三大密封胶。聚氨酯密封胶对多种材质如混凝土、金属、玻璃有很好的粘接性,耐紫外光、耐低温、耐化学品、性价比高,目前,已被广泛用于建筑工程、交通运输和电子工业。
聚氨酯具有-NCO、-OH和脲基等极性基团,它最突出的特点就是其良好的界面粘附能力和粘接性能,同时伸长率大、弹性好,耐磨、耐候性优良,且具有低温韧性,在自然环境苛刻的条件下具备更长的使用寿命。现有聚氨酯密封胶也有一些缺点,如:贮存稳定性受包装及外界影响较大,耐热性不是很好,耐候性差,极性基团具有亲水性因此耐水性不好等缺点。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题,本案提供一种聚氨酯密封胶。
为实现上述目的,本案通过以下技术方案实现:
一种聚氨酯密封胶,该聚氨酯密封胶由A组分和B组分组成,其中:
A组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000011
Figure BDA0001497196660000021
B组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000022
优选的是,所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其中,所述增塑剂选自邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯中的一种。
优选的是,所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其中,所述填料选自有机改性膨润土、蛭石、活性炭、空心玻璃微球中的一种或几种。
优选的是,所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其中,所述扩链剂选自4,4′-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷、二丙二醇、氧化乙烯二醇、1,4-丁二醇中的一种。
优选的是,所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其中,所述分散剂选自聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物中的一种。
优选的是,所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其中,所述热稳定剂选自硫醇甲基锡、水杨酸镧中的一种。
优选的是,所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其中,所述光稳定剂二氧化钛、水杨酸苯酯、2,4-二芳基-6-[2-羟基-4-(哌啶氧基羰基甲氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪中的一种。
优选的是,所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其中,所述催化剂选自辛酸亚锡、二丁基二月桂酸锡和钛酸异丙酯中的一种。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)聚氨酯的主链是由软段和硬段交替排列构成,聚醚220和端羟基聚丁二烯组成软段增加密封胶的弹性;通过加入小分子扩链剂和TDI预聚体、NDI预聚体反应生成氨基甲酸酯的低聚物组成硬度,增加初始分解温度,提高聚氨酯密封胶的热稳定性;
(2)通过加入水解稳定性较好的端羟基聚丁二烯与TDI预聚体、NDI预聚体聚合,显著改善聚氨酯密封胶的耐水性能;
(3)通过加入光稳定剂提高其耐候性,使用寿命可长达10~15年;
(4)无机填料其在密封胶中起到很好的提高强度的作用,并降低了生产成本;
(5)通过加入A-151来脱除体系中的羟基,提高胶体存贮稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
异氰酸酯是制备聚氨酯的基础原料。其中1,5-萘二异氰酸酯(NDI)具有刚性芳香族萘环结构和较高的熔点(127℃)。由它合成的PU具有任何其他各种聚氨酯弹性体无可比拟的性能,诸如极好的动态性能,极高的力学性能,杰出的耐切割,耐磨耐温性等,广泛地应用汽车避震器,叉车承重轮,印染纺织胶辊、胶刮,桥梁建筑缓冲块,娱乐休闲,军工方面等。
甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)被广泛应用于高回弹泡沫的生产,将TDI经过部分三聚,获得具有异氰脲酸酯六元环结构的TDI三聚体溶液,该结构具有非常好的热稳定性,其热分解温度为377℃,在聚氨酯材料中引入其结构可有效提高泡沫的阻燃性,以克服常规阻燃方式存在的诸多缺点。
聚醚220,Mn=2000,作为聚氨酯的软段,具有耐水性好的优点。
A-151是硅烷偶联剂,分子式是CH2=CHSi(OC2H5)3,主要用于聚乙烯交联,不饱和聚酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯树脂等玻璃纤维增强塑料的玻纤表面处理,合成特种涂料,粘接剂,电子元器件的表面防潮处理,无机含硅填料的表面处理等;也用于复合玻璃中间层的表面处理;用于乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、氯化聚乙烯等的交联;用于浸渍处理玻璃纤维及无机含硅填料,还与多种单体共聚、可制成特种涂料;硅烷偶联剂A-151也用作处理特种橡胶填充剂;硅烷偶联剂A-151用于制备电子元器件塑封材料的密封剂;也可以作电子元件的表面防潮处理等。
一种聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,该聚氨酯密封胶由A组分和B组分组成,其中:
A组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000041
B组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000042
A组分合成工艺:将端羟基聚丁二烯、聚醚220和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯加入反应釜中,搅拌升温至110℃后保温抽真空1h,水分小于0.02%后降温至70℃并加入TDI预聚体和NDI预聚体,搅拌升温至70℃保温3h,降温包装。
B组分合成工艺:将1,4-丁二醇、聚丙烯酸钠加入反应釜中,升温至60℃,搅拌0.5h,分批次加入空心玻璃微球,升温至100℃抽真空2h,然后降温至70℃,加辛酸亚锡和剩余助剂,搅拌1h,降温包装。
实施例2
A组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000043
Figure BDA0001497196660000051
B组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000052
A组分合成工艺:将端羟基聚丁二烯、聚醚220和乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯加入反应釜中,搅拌升温至110℃后保温抽真空1h,水分小于0.02%后降温至70℃并加入TDI预聚体和NDI预聚体,搅拌升温至70℃保温3h,降温包装。
B组分合成工艺:将4,4′-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷、聚丙烯酸铵加入反应釜中,升温至60℃,搅拌0.5h,分批次加入活性炭,升温至100℃抽真空2h,然后降温至70℃,加二丁基二月桂酸锡和剩余助剂,搅拌1h,降温包装。
实施例3
A组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000053
B组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000054
2,4-二芳基-6-[2-羟基-4-(哌啶氧基羰基甲氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪 0.8份;
钛酸异丙酯 0.5份;
A-151 3份。
A组分合成工艺:将端羟基聚丁二烯、聚醚220和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯加入反应釜中,搅拌升温至110℃后保温抽真空1h,水分小于0.02%后降温至70℃并加入TDI预聚体和NDI预聚体,搅拌升温至70℃保温3h,降温包装。
B组分合成工艺:将二丙二醇、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物加入反应釜中,升温至60℃,搅拌0.5h,分批次加入蛭石,升温至100℃抽真空2h,然后降温至70℃,加钛酸异丙酯和剩余助剂,搅拌1h,降温包装。
对比例1
一种聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,该聚氨酯密封胶由A组分和B组分组成,其中:
A组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000061
B组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000062
A组分合成工艺:将端羟基聚丁二烯、聚醚220和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯加入反应釜中,搅拌升温至110℃后保温抽真空1h,水分小于0.02%后降温至70℃并加入TDI预聚体,搅拌升温至70℃保温3h,降温包装。
B组分合成工艺:将1,4-丁二醇、聚丙烯酸钠加入反应釜中,升温至60℃,搅拌0.5h,分批次加入空心玻璃微球,升温至100℃抽真空2h,然后降温至70℃,加辛酸亚锡和剩余助剂,搅拌1h,降温包装。
对比例2
一种聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,该聚氨酯密封胶由A组分和B组分组成,其中:
A组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000071
B组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000072
A组分合成工艺:将聚醚220和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯加入反应釜中,搅拌升温至110℃后保温抽真空1h,水分小于0.02%后降温至70℃并加入TDI预聚体和NDI预聚体,搅拌升温至70℃保温3h,降温包装。
B组分合成工艺:将1,4-丁二醇、聚丙烯酸钠加入反应釜中,升温至60℃,搅拌0.5h,分批次加入空心玻璃微球,升温至100℃抽真空2h,然后降温至70℃,加辛酸亚锡和剩余助剂,搅拌1h,降温包装。
对比例3
一种聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,该聚氨酯密封胶由A组分和B组分组成,其中:
A组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000081
B组分配方如下:
Figure BDA0001497196660000082
A组分合成工艺:将端羟基聚丁二烯、聚醚220和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯加入反应釜中,搅拌升温至110℃后保温抽真空1h,水分小于0.02%后降温至70℃并加入TDI预聚体和NDI预聚体,搅拌升温至70℃保温3h,降温包装。
B组分合成工艺:将1,4-丁二醇、聚丙烯酸钠加入反应釜中,升温至60℃,搅拌0.5h,分批次加入空心玻璃微球,升温至100℃抽真空2h,然后降温至70℃,加辛酸亚锡和剩余助剂,搅拌1h,降温包装。
另外,各试验方法按如下进行。
1)耐水性:进行杯透水性试验。使试验体接触144小时水滴,除去水滴后确认试验体的外观是否有变化。确认没有外观变化的为合格。
2)耐湿热性:进行JAS湿热试验。将试验体固定在水平上,之后向试验体表面低下沸腾水,在使其上放置20分钟加入0.5L的沸腾水的1L容量的铝容器中,之后利用干燥的布摩擦,继续放置24小时。24小时后确认外观有无变化。外观没有变化的为合格。
3)耐候性:用阳光褪色计照射500小时之后,观察有无外观变化,确认无外观变化的为合格。
结果为实施例1、实施例2、实施例3中所有的项目都合格;比较例1耐湿热性不合格,比较例2耐水性不合格,比较例3耐候性不合格。
表1实施例和对比例的储存稳定性
Figure BDA0001497196660000091
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节。

Claims (5)

1.一种聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,该聚氨酯密封胶由A组分和B组分组成,其中,A组分配方如下:
TDI预聚体 20-30份;
NDI预聚体 30-50份;
端羟基聚丁二烯 20-30份;
聚醚220 60-90份;
增塑剂 10-20份;
B组分配方如下:
填料 30-50份;
扩链剂 10-20份;
分散剂 1-3份;
热稳定剂 2-5份;
二氧化钛 0.5-1份;
催化剂 0.2-0.5份;
A-151 1-3份;
所述增塑剂选自邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯中的一种;
所述扩链剂选自4,4′-双仲丁氨基二苯基甲烷、二丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇中的一种;
其中,二氧化钛为光稳定剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,所述填料选自有机改性膨润土、蛭石、活性炭、空心玻璃微球中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,所述分散剂选自聚丙烯酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵、苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,所述热稳定剂选自硫醇甲基锡、水杨酸镧中的一种。
5.如权利要求1所述的聚氨酯密封胶,其特征在于,所述催化剂选自辛酸亚锡、二丁基二月桂酸锡和钛酸异丙酯中的一种。
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