CN107926416B - Planting method of Guangxi wild adinandra nitida tea - Google Patents
Planting method of Guangxi wild adinandra nitida tea Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida tea, which is characterized in that the original excellent characters of the planted wild Adinandra nitida tea are kept by comprehensive management methods such as site selection, land preparation transformation, tissue culture seedling cultivation, transplanting planting, ridging and fertilization, later-period management and the like, chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers are not used in the growth process, and plant-source pesticides and organic fertilizers are used for substitution, so that the nutrients required by the wild Adinandra nitida tea in the growth process can be met, the damage of plant diseases and insect pests can be avoided, the green, safe and high-quality organic wild Adinandra nitida tea is finally produced, and a basis is provided for popularization and large-area planting of the wild Adinandra nitida tea in the autonomous county of Guangx.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida.
Background
Adinandra nitida, entitled "Liangyehuangrui", a tree of the genus Yangtze. Mainly grows in the mountain area in the south of the county of Jinxiyao nationality in Guangxi apparatus, and has a cliff or mountain edge with short sunshine, large temperature difference and cool and damp shade, and the tea is longer than the cliff and the wall, so that the tea can absorb spirits of the world and essence of the day and the month; the method has unique ecological environment, breeds pure natural beverage with unique style, picks the tamed monkey in ancient times, and is also called as picking the tea by the folk as "picking the monkey". According to the detection of relevant departments, the adinandra nitida tea does not contain caffeine, does not affect sleep after being drunk, is rich in flavonoids and has a good health-care effect, so the adinandra nitida tea is popular with consumers. Identification of plant experts of China university in Guangdong of cliff tea: the Pingle wild adinandra nitida tea is a daphne giraldii tea family in the genus of adinandra nitida, and comprises the following main components: 20 percent of flavonoids, 23.4 percent of tea polyphenol, 9.73 percent of amino acids, wild alkaloids and other elements beneficial to human bodies are the plants which are found to have the highest content of flavonoids in natural plants at present and are rare in tea of original ecological pure natural green plants which are rare in China. In addition, the wild adinandra nitida tea is dark green like jade, fragrant and tasty, and low in theophylline content. The product has endless aftertaste, does not influence sleep, is drunk in the morning and evening for a long time, has the effects of clearing heat and detoxicating, protecting liver and improving eyesight, diminishing inflammation and moistening lung, beautifying, lowering blood pressure, reducing fat, invigorating stomach and helping digestion, has obvious effects on pharyngolaryngitis, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and can be called a treasure in the mountain of Dayaoshan.
Due to the excellent quality of wild Adinandra nitida in Jinxiu county in Guangxi, local farmers start to plant Adinandra nitida in large-batch transplanting, but various problems occur, such as low survival rate of the planted Adinandra nitida after transplanting or difficulty in comparison with the quality of the wild Adinandra nitida even if the planted Adinandra nitida is barely survived. We searched the following planting data on Adinandra nitida:
chinese patent: grant publication number CN104488473B, name: an artificial domestication and cultivation method of wild adinandra nitida tea comprises the following steps: the invention discloses an artificial domestication and cultivation method of wild adinandra nitida tea, and relates to the technical field of tea planting: the method comprises the following steps: selecting land, transplanting, planting, managing and protecting, and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests; the method can solve the problem that the quality of the wild adinandra nitida tea is changed due to the large-scale improvement of the yield of the wild adinandra nitida tea in the prior art. The method solves the problem of unchanged quality of the wild adinandra nitida tea to a certain extent, but the survival rate is still low by using a conventional method in actual operation, and the method is difficult to popularize and apply on a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the planting method of Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida, which can not only keep the seedlings with the excellent properties and quality of wild Adinandra nitida in a tissue culture seedling breeding mode, but also can carry out standard planting in the planting process to produce pollution-free high-quality tea, and meanwhile, the planting method has strong operability and has the potential of large-scale popularization.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the planting method of Guangxi wild adinandra nitida tea comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection: selecting a slope or a hill which is convenient to traffic, has the altitude higher than 600 meters, good water conservancy conditions and soil organic matter content of more than 20 percent, and taking the backlight surface of the slope or the hill as a planting base; forests or grasslands are needed around the planting base.
(2) Land preparation and transformation: cutting down, drying in the sun, burning out, cutting off tree root and grass root, and sun-drying for one week; uniformly spreading 30-50 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 1000kg of decomposed chicken manure and 200-300 kg of seaweed fertilizer in each mu of land, preparing the land by using powder ridge equipment, deeply ploughing the soil by 30-40 cm, and raking the land.
(3) And (3) cultivating the Guangxi wild adinandra nitida tissue culture seedling by using a water-soluble nutrition bag.
(4) Selecting and transplanting tissue culture seedlings with thick and strong stems, no damage of diseases and insect pests and developed root systems; transplanting when the main root of the tissue culture seedling grows to be more than 10cm and the lateral root is more than 10.
(5) Transplanting and planting: digging and field planting according to the line spacing of 2m multiplied by 2m, and arranging drainage ditches between each line to prevent water accumulation; transplanting and field planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (4) according to the planting density of 180-200 plants/mu, placing the wild adinandra nitida tissue culture seedlings cultured by the water-soluble nutrition bags in the tissue culture seedlings, sprinkling 20-30 kg of tobacco leaf powder to control soil insects, covering soil and irrigating water.
(6) Ridging and fertilizing: sufficient base fertilizer is applied in 1-2 months every year, organic fertilizer is applied after earthing up every other half month in the Adinandra nitida seedling period, and watering is carried out in time after fertilization, so that the seedlings are promoted to absorb nutrients in time.
Spraying foliar fertilizer containing gamma-polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer 7 days after the hilling and topdressing to improve the immunity of the tree body; when in ridging, intertillage weeding is matched, and the deep ploughing is carried out for more than 20cm, so that the roots of the weeds are cut and the weeds are ploughed to the upper layer of the soil.
The water-soluble granular fertilizer is supplemented 3-5 times per year in the mature period of the cliff tea, and the water-soluble liquid fertilizer is supplemented in time in the picking period of the cliff tea, so that the tea trees can be supplemented with nutrients in time.
(7) And (3) pest control: and (3) carrying out pest control once every 3-4 months and 6-7 months, and spraying the plant source insecticidal bactericide to uniformly and thoroughly spray the plant source insecticidal bactericide, so that the foliage does not drip.
(8) In the whole growth process, tea trees are not pruned and artificially shaped as much as possible, are allowed to grow under natural conditions, are exposed to the wind, the sun and the rain of the nature, and are harvested in the harvesting period.
And (2) the site selection in the step (1) needs to be provided with a chemical plant, a sewage tank or a food processing base which cannot be built around the planting base.
The breeding method of the Guangxi wild adinandra nitida tissue culture seedling in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) picking explants: in 5-6 months of each year, selecting wild Adinandra nitida which grows on the cliff in all years and has no disease and pest infection and has an altitude of more than 800 meters, and picking tender shoots of the wild Adinandra nitida.
(2) And (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing the tender shoots with purified water for 3-4 times, disinfecting with mercuric chloride solution for 10-20 min, and blotting with disinfected filter paper for later use.
(3) Callus culture: the following operations are carried out on the clean bench: transversely cutting a bud section with the length of 1.2-1.5 cm by using a sterilized scalpel, putting the bud section into a callus culture medium for culturing, and carrying out dark culture for 15-18 days at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 60-85% to obtain callus; the callus culture medium comprises MS, N6 benzyladenine 0.3-0.5 mg/L, naphthylacetic acid 0.8-1.5 mg/L, vitamin C2.0 mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 4.0g/L and pH 6.8-7.2.
(4) Culturing aseptic cliff tea sprouts: selecting non-polluted callus, transferring the non-polluted callus to a subculture multiplication medium for bud induction culture, and culturing for 30-35 days; the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 26 +/-2 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 2000-2500 lux; ending when axillary buds are continuously generated; the formula of the subculture medium is MS +4.0g/L of sucrose + 0.3-0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylpurine + 0.3-0.8 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid +5g/L of agar, and the pH value is 6.0-6.5.
(5) And (3) rooting culture of aseptic Adinandra nitida seedlings: selecting subculture seedlings with the length of 1.5-2.5 cm, and transferring the subculture seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture, wherein the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 28-30 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 1200-1500 lux; after culturing for 25-30 days, finishing culturing when main lateral roots are obvious; the rooting medium is composed of MS, 3-6 g/L of sucrose, 0.5-1.4 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 0.5-1.3 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.1mg/L of IBA, 0.5-1.5 g/L of manganese sulfate and 6-8 g/L of agar, and the pH value is 6.0-6.4.
The spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer containing the gamma-polyglutamic acid and the seaweed fertilizer in the step (6) is as follows: 0.2-0.8 g/mu of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 2-5 g/mu of seaweed fertilizer.
The aqueous liquid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-5 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of borax, 1-5 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of ammonium molybdate, 1-5 mg/L of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-5 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 100-200 g/L of nitrate nitrogen, 50-100 g/L of amide nitrogen, 30-50 g/L of ammonium nitrogen, 100-200 g/L of potassium nitrate and 1L of purified water.
The botanical insecticide and fungicide in the step (7) comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of wintergreen oil, 5-8 parts of lavender oil, 4-10 parts of ligusticum wallichii oil, 2-5 parts of sophora alopecuroides total alkali, 1-5 parts of pyrethrin, 10-30 parts of tung oil, 1-3 parts of essence and 0.2-0.8 part of α -pinene.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, tissue culture seedlings are used for breeding in the planting process of wild Adinandra nitida in Jinxiu county in Guangxi, the excellent properties of the wild Adinandra nitida are maintained, and compared with sexual reproduction such as traditional transplanting planting or seed planting, the problem of variability of the wild Adinandra nitida is solved. The tissue culture seedlings of the wild adinandra nitida can be propagated in a large amount, the problem that the Jinxiu wild adinandra nitida cannot be artificially propagated is thoroughly solved for batch production and large-scale popularization, and a foundation is laid for large-area popularization and planting of the wild adinandra nitida.
(2) The wild Adinandra nitida in Guangxi Jinxiu county has the characteristics of high nutrition and medicinal value and good quality due to natural growth conditions and no pollution. Therefore, on the basis of the excellent properties of the wild adinandra nitida tea through the tissue culture seedling, the natural environment is selected in the planting process, the planting fields with pollution sources such as chemical plants are avoided, chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers are not used in the growing process, the disease resistance and the immunity are enhanced as much as possible by improving the tree vigor, the nutrition is supplemented and the soil environment is improved by using organic fertilizers, the supply and demand balance of the wild adinandra nitida tea on the nutrition is achieved, and finally, the green pollution-free adinandra nitida tea or even the organic adinandra nitida tea is produced.
(3) In the planting and fertilizing process of the wild adinandra nitida, base fertilizer is regarded as important, sufficient base fertilizer (organic fertilizer) is applied once in winter, and the management steps of earthing up, fertilizing and watering are carried out in the seedling stage, so that the survival rate of seedlings is guaranteed to be high, the tree vigor is improved, and a foundation is laid for next growth. The water-soluble granular fertilizer is applied for multiple times in the growth period, the high-tower granulated fertilizer has the characteristics of high solubility, quick absorption of the cliff tea and the like, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the like necessary in the growth process of the cliff tea are supplemented in time, and the liquid fertilizer is supplemented in time in the harvest period of the cliff tea, so that nitrogen fertilizers with various trace elements and three forms are provided, the nutrients and the trace elements are supplemented in time, the cliff tea is prevented from being fattened, and the yield is improved on the premise of ensuring the quality.
(4) The tree vigor is improved by using plant-derived insecticidal and bactericidal agents in the growth period, such as gamma-polyglutamic acid for stimulating tea trees to generate stress resistance and improving the immunity, and various plant essential oils are used for achieving the purposes of avoiding and killing the insects such as Adinandra nitida, red spiders and noctuids.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The breeding method of Guangxi wild adinandra nitida tissue culture seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) picking explants: in 5-6 months of each year, selecting wild Adinandra nitida which grows on the cliff in all years and has no disease and pest infection and has an altitude of more than 800 meters, and picking tender shoots of the wild Adinandra nitida.
(2) And (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing the tender shoots with purified water for 3-4 times, disinfecting with mercuric chloride solution for 10-20 min, and blotting with disinfected filter paper for later use.
(3) Callus culture: the following operations are carried out on the clean bench: transversely cutting a bud section with the length of 1.2-1.5 cm by using a sterilized scalpel, putting the bud section into a callus culture medium for culturing, and carrying out dark culture for 15-18 days at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 60-85% to obtain callus; the callus culture medium comprises MS, N6 benzyladenine 0.3-0.5 mg/L, naphthylacetic acid 0.8-1.5 mg/L, vitamin C2.0 mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 4.0g/L and pH 6.8-7.2.
(4) Culturing aseptic cliff tea sprouts: selecting non-polluted callus, transferring the non-polluted callus to a subculture multiplication medium for bud induction culture, and culturing for 30-35 days; the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 26 +/-2 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 2000-2500 lux; ending when axillary buds are continuously generated; the formula of the subculture medium is MS +4.0g/L of sucrose + 0.3-0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylpurine + 0.3-0.8 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid +5g/L of agar, and the pH value is 6.0-6.5.
(5) And (3) rooting culture of aseptic Adinandra nitida seedlings: selecting subculture seedlings with the length of 1.5-2.5 cm, and transferring the subculture seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture, wherein the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 28-30 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 1200-1500 lux; after culturing for 25-30 days, finishing culturing when main lateral roots are obvious; the rooting medium is composed of MS, 3-6 g/L of sucrose, 0.5-1.4 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 0.5-1.3 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.1mg/L of IBA, 0.5-1.5 g/L of manganese sulfate and 6-8 g/L of agar, and the pH value is 6.0-6.4.
Example 2 planting method of wild Adinandra nitida in Guangxi Jinxiu county
(1) Site selection: selecting a certain mountain slope in three rivers and villages in Guangxi Jinxiu county, wherein the slope is convenient to traffic, has an altitude of 788 meters, good water conservancy conditions and soil organic matter content of 24, and the backlight surface of the slope is used as a planting base; the planting bases are arranged around; 5000 acres of eucalyptus forest is planted in the planting base, the mountains are surrounded on four sides, and chemical plants, sewage pools or food processing bases are not arranged around the planting base.
(2) Land preparation and transformation: cutting down, drying in the sun, burning out, cutting off tree root and grass root, and sun-drying for one week; uniformly spreading 30-50 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 1000kg of decomposed chicken manure and 200-300 kg of seaweed fertilizer in each mu of land, preparing the land by using powder ridge equipment, deeply turning the soil for 30-40 min, and raking the land.
(3) The Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida tissue culture seedlings produced in the step of example 1 were cultivated in a water-soluble nutrition bag.
(4) Selecting and transplanting tissue culture seedlings with thick and strong stems, no damage of diseases and insect pests and developed root systems; transplanting when the main root of the tissue culture seedling grows to be more than 10cm and the lateral root is more than 10.
(5) Transplanting and planting: digging and field planting according to the line spacing of 2m multiplied by 2m, and arranging drainage ditches between each line to prevent water accumulation; transplanting and field planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (4) according to the planting density of 180-200 plants/mu, placing the wild adinandra nitida tissue culture seedlings cultured by the water-soluble nutrition bags in the tissue culture seedlings, sprinkling 20-30 kg of tobacco leaf powder to control soil insects, covering soil and irrigating water.
(6) Ridging and fertilizing: sufficient base fertilizer is applied in 1-2 months every year, organic fertilizer is applied after earthing up every other half month in the Adinandra nitida seedling period, and watering is carried out in time after fertilization, so that the seedlings are promoted to absorb nutrients in time.
Spraying leaf fertilizer containing gamma-polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer 7 days after the ridging and topdressing, wherein the spraying concentration is 0.2-0.8 g/mu of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 2-5 g/mu of seaweed fertilizer; the immunity of the tree body is improved; when in ridging, intertillage weeding is matched, and the deep ploughing is carried out for more than 20cm, so that the roots of the weeds are cut and the weeds are ploughed to the upper layer of the soil.
Supplementing water-soluble granular fertilizer 3-5 times every year in the mature period of the Adinandra nitida, and supplementing water-soluble liquid fertilizer in time in the picking period by using 20-23-5 times of high tower granulated fertilizer of NPK produced by Shidanli so as to be beneficial to supplementing nutrients to tea trees in time; the formula of the aqueous liquid fertilizer comprises: 1-5 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of borax, 1-5 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of ammonium molybdate, 1-5 mg/L of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-5 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 100-200 g/L of nitrate nitrogen, 50-100 g/L of amide nitrogen, 30-50 g/L of ammonium nitrogen, 100-200 g/L of potassium nitrate and 1L of purified water.
(7) The plant source insecticidal bactericide comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of wintergreen oil, 5-8 parts of lavender oil, 4-10 parts of ligusticum wallichii oil, 2-5 parts of sophora alopecuroides total alkali, 1-5 parts of pyrethrin, 10-30 parts of tung oil, 1-3 parts of essence and 0.2-0.8 part of α -pinene.
(8) In the whole growth process, tea trees are not pruned and artificially shaped as much as possible, are allowed to grow under natural conditions, are exposed to the wind, the sun and the rain of the nature, and are harvested in the harvesting period.
Through investigation and analysis, the contents of main components of the wild adinandra nitida tea produced in the steps are measured, and specifically, the contents of the main components comprise 26.22% of flavonoids, 21.1% of tea polyphenols and 10.04% of amino acids, and the wild adinandra nitida tea has the same content of the main components, good tea color after tea making and strong fragrance.
Claims (3)
1. The planting method of Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection: selecting a slope or a hill which is convenient to traffic, has the altitude higher than 600 meters, good water conservancy conditions and soil organic matter content of more than 20 percent, and taking the backlight surface of the slope or the hill as a planting base; forests or grasslands are needed around the planting base;
(2) land preparation and transformation: cutting down, drying in the sun, burning out, cutting off tree root and grass root, and sun-drying for one week; uniformly spreading 30-50 kg of sodium polyacrylate, 1000kg of decomposed chicken manure and 200-300 kg of seaweed fertilizer in each mu of land, preparing the land by using powder ridge equipment, deeply turning the soil by 30-40 cm, and raking the land;
(3) cultivating tissue culture seedlings of Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida by using a water-soluble nutrition bag;
(4) selecting and transplanting tissue culture seedlings with thick and strong stems, no damage of diseases and insect pests and developed root systems; transplanting when the main root of the tissue culture seedling grows to be more than 10cm and the lateral root is more than 10;
(5) transplanting and planting: digging and field planting according to the line spacing of 2m multiplied by 2m, and arranging drainage ditches between each line to prevent water accumulation; transplanting and field planting the tissue culture seedlings obtained in the step (4) according to the planting density of 180-200 plants/mu, placing the wild adinandra nitida tissue culture seedlings cultured by water-soluble nutrition bags in the tissue culture seedlings, sprinkling 20-30 kg of tobacco leaf powder to control soil insects, covering soil and irrigating water;
(6) ridging and fertilizing: applying enough base fertilizer in 1-2 months every year, topdressing organic fertilizer every other half month in the cliff tea seedling stage, and watering in time after fertilizer application to promote the seedlings to absorb nutrients in time; spraying foliar fertilizer containing gamma-polyglutamic acid and seaweed fertilizer 7 days after the hilling and topdressing to improve the immunity of the tree body; during ridging, intertillage weeding is matched, and deep ploughing is carried out for more than 20cm, so that the roots of the weeds are cut and the weeds are ploughed to the upper layer of soil; supplementing the water-soluble granular fertilizer 3-5 times per year in the mature period of the adinandra nitida tea, and supplementing the water-soluble liquid fertilizer in time in the picking period of the adinandra nitida tea, so that the tea trees can be supplemented with nutrients in time;
(7) and (3) pest control: the method comprises the steps of performing pest control once in 3-4 months and 6-7 months every year, spraying plant source insecticidal and bactericidal agents, and enabling the plants to be sprayed uniformly and thoroughly without dripping on leaf surfaces;
(8) in the whole growth process, tea trees are not pruned and artificially shaped as much as possible, are allowed to grow under natural conditions, are subjected to natural wind, sun and rain, and are harvested in the harvesting period;
the spraying concentration of the foliar fertilizer containing the gamma-polyglutamic acid and the seaweed fertilizer in the step (6) is as follows: 0.2-0.8 g/mu of gamma-polyglutamic acid and 2-5 g/mu of seaweed fertilizer;
the aqueous liquid fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 1-5 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of manganese sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of magnesium sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of borax, 1-5 mg/L of zinc sulfate, 1-5 mg/L of ammonium molybdate, 1-5 mg/L of copper sulfate, 0.1-0.3 mg/L of gamma-polyglutamic acid, 1-5 mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 100-200 g/L of nitrate nitrogen, 50-100 g/L of amide nitrogen, 30-50 g/L of ammonium nitrogen, 100-200 g/L of potassium nitrate and 1L of purified water;
the botanical insecticide and fungicide in the step (7) comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of wintergreen oil, 5-8 parts of lavender oil, 4-10 parts of ligusticum wallichii oil, 2-5 parts of sophora alopecuroides total alkali, 1-5 parts of pyrethrin, 10-30 parts of tung oil, 1-3 parts of essence and 0.2-0.8 part of α -pinene.
2. The method for planting Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (2) the site selection in the step (1) needs to be provided with a chemical plant, a sewage tank or a food processing base which cannot be built around the planting base.
3. The method for planting Guangxi wild Adinandra nitida as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the breeding method of the Guangxi wild adinandra nitida tissue culture seedling in the step (3) comprises the following steps:
(1) picking explants: selecting wild Adinandra nitida at an altitude of more than 800 meters and growing on cliff all year round without being infected by diseases and insect pests in 5-6 months every year, and picking tender shoots of the wild Adinandra nitida;
(2) and (3) disinfection: repeatedly washing tender shoots for 3-4 times by using purified water, disinfecting for 10-20 min by using a mercuric chloride solution, and sucking dry by using a disinfected filter paper sheet for later use;
(3) callus culture: the following operations are carried out on the clean bench: transversely cutting a bud section with the length of 1.2-1.5 cm by using a sterilized scalpel, putting the bud section into a callus culture medium for culturing, and carrying out dark culture for 15-18 days at the temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the humidity of 60-85% to obtain callus; the formula of the callus culture medium comprises MS, N6 benzyladenine 0.3-0.5 mg/L, naphthylacetic acid 0.8-1.5 mg/L, vitamin C2.0 mg/L, sucrose 30g/L, agar 4.0g/L and pH 6.8-7.2;
(4) culturing aseptic cliff tea sprouts: selecting non-polluted callus, transferring the non-polluted callus to a subculture multiplication medium for bud induction culture, and culturing for 30-35 days; the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 26 +/-2 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 2000-2500 lux; ending when axillary buds are continuously generated; the formula of the subculture medium is MS +4.0g/L sucrose + 0.3-0.5 mg/L6-benzylpurine + 0.3-0.8 mg/L naphthylacetic acid +5g/L agar, and the pH value is 6.0-6.5;
(5) and (3) rooting culture of aseptic Adinandra nitida seedlings: selecting subculture seedlings with the length of 1.5-2.5 cm, and transferring the subculture seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture, wherein the culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 28-30 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 1200-1500 lux; after culturing for 25-30 days, finishing culturing when main lateral roots are obvious; the rooting medium is composed of MS, 3-6 g/L of sucrose, 0.5-1.4 mg/L of indoleacetic acid, 0.5-1.3 mg/L of naphthylacetic acid, 0.1mg/L of IBA, 0.5-1.5 g/L of manganese sulfate and 6-8 g/L of agar, and the pH value is 6.0-6.4.
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