CN107921955B - 用于运行机动车中的多级变速器的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车中的多级变速器的方法 Download PDF

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CN107921955B
CN107921955B CN201680051432.2A CN201680051432A CN107921955B CN 107921955 B CN107921955 B CN 107921955B CN 201680051432 A CN201680051432 A CN 201680051432A CN 107921955 B CN107921955 B CN 107921955B
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shift
planetary gear
stage
engagement device
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CN107921955A (zh
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M·恩克
D·莫比策
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Audi AG
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F16H3/62—Gearings having three or more central gears
    • F16H3/66—Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在机动车中运行多级变速器的方法，该多级变速器具有四个行星齿轮传动机构(RS1至RS4)，这四个行星齿轮传动机构能通过切换元件(A、B、C、D)切换出不同的变速级，该行星齿轮传动机构能通过输入元件与传动的输入轴(5)连接并通过输出元件与输出轴(7)连接，并能耦合或制动住行星齿轮传动机构的反应元件，其中，这四个行星齿轮传动机构(RS1至RS4)能借助于两个制动器(A、B)和借助于三个切换接合装置(C、D、E)切换出八个前进变速级，其中，在较高的变速级中、特别是第四变速级至第八变速级通常切换至少一个第一切换接合装置(D)，以用于在变速器中产生力流，在低的变速级中、特别是在第一变速级至第三变速级中至少切换第二切换接合装置(C)和/或第三切换接合装置(E)，以便在变速器中产生力流，其中在滑行模式中在接入或切换出变速级的情况下通过断开切换接合装置(C、D、E)之一在变速器中中断力流。为了在较高的变速级中提供滑行模式断开第一切换接合装置(D)。为了在较低的变速级中提供滑行模式而断开第二切换接合装置(C)或第三切换接合装置(E)。

Description

用于运行机动车中的多级变速器的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车中的多级变速器的方法。
背景技术
这种多级变速器可以实施为行星齿轮机构的形式并包括作为起动元件的例如以液力方式工作的变矩器。多级变速器中的行星齿轮组可以借助于摩擦元件或切换元件、例如接合装置和制动器切换。
从文献DE 10 2005 002 337 A1中已知这种类型的多级变速器，根据本发明的方法可以应用于这种多级变速器。该多级变速器具有总共四个轴向依次布置的行星齿轮传动机构，这些行星齿轮传动机构可以通过输入元件与传动的输入轴连接以及通过输出元件与输出轴连接。这四个行星齿轮传动机构可以借助于两个制动器以及借助于三个切换接合装置总共切换出八个前进变速级。
在上述的多级变速器中，在较高的变速级中，特别是第四变速级至第八变速级中，切换接合装置之一通常被切换或者说接通，以在变速器中产生力流。为了在该较高的变速级中提供滑行模式(Segelmodus)，断开持续切换在较高的挡位中的切换接合装置，以便中断在变速器中的力流。
在常见的实际应用中，在滑行模式中使动力设备与输出部分解耦，即，例如通过中断在变速器输入轴与变速器输出轴之间的力流。在这种情况下，机动车在没有或以减少的燃料燃烧的情况下以及在没有动力设备侧的拖拽转矩的情况下无阻碍地继续行驶，由此能够减少燃料消耗。这种滑行模式例如从文献DE 10 2010 000 857 A1中已知。
发明内容
因此本发明的目的是，提出一种用于运行多级变速器的方法，其中与现有技术相比提高了滑行模式的可用性。
上述目的通过下述的特征实现。
根据本发明，为了在较高的变速级中提供滑行模式而断开第一切换接合装置D。而为了在较低的变速级中提供滑行模式断开第二切换接合装置C或第三切换接合装置E。由此实现了，不仅能在较高的速度范围中，而且也能在较低的速度范围中激活滑行模式，由此为车辆使用者提高了滑行的可用性。
在多级变速器的技术应用方案中，可以在轴向方向依次布置四个行星齿轮传动机构。可以在三个轴向依次布置的内部空心轴的径向内侧引导输入轴，其中一个内部空心轴以不能相对转动的方式支承第一行星齿变速器和第二行星齿变速器的太阳轮并能通过制动器在变速器壳体上被制动住。第二内部空心轴能以不能相对转动的方式支承第三行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮并通过连接法兰以及第二外部空心轴与第二行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈固定连接。第二内部空心轴可以通过第三切换接合装置传动地连接在第三内部空心轴上。以不能相对转动的方式支承第四行星齿轮传动机构的太阳轮的第三内部空心轴可以通过第二切换接合装置C连接在输入轴上，并通过第二连接法兰以及第四外部空心轴以不能相对转动的方式与第三行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈连接。
此外，第一行星齿轮传动机构的行星架可以通过径向外部的外部空心轴以不能相对转动的方式与第四行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈连接。第一行星齿轮传动机构的齿圈能通过制动器B在变速器壳体上被制动住，而第三行星齿轮传动机构的行星架可以通过第三外部空心轴以及在中间连接第一切换接合装置D的情况下耦合在第四行星齿轮传动机构的行星架上。第四行星齿轮传动机构的行星架可以通过第三连接法兰与输出轴固定连接。
在上述的多级变速器中，在较低的变速级中，就是说在第一变速级、第二变速级和第三变速级中可以断开第一切换接合装置D，而在第一变速级和第三变速级中可以闭合第二切换接合装置C。在第二变速级中可以闭合第三切换接合装置E，断开第二切换接合装置C。
为了在第一变速级或在第三变速级中提供滑行模式可以断开第二切换接合装置C。为了在第二变速级中提供滑行模式可以断开第三切换接合装置E。而为了在第四变速级至第八变速级中提供滑行模式可以断开第一切换接合装置D。
本发明的上述的有利的设计方案和/或改进方案——除非例如具有明确的相关性或彼此不兼容——可以单独地或以彼此任意组合的方式使用。
附图说明
下面根据附图详细描述本发明和本发明的有利的设计方案和改进方案及其优点。
附图中：
图1示出行星齿轮构造方式的多级变速器的框图；
图2示出用于在多级变速器中切换变速级的切换图表。
具体实施方式
下面根据图1说明用于机动车的多级变速器的结构。该多级变速器一共具有四个行星齿轮传动机构RS1至RS4，这四个行星齿轮传动机构可通过切换元件A、B、C、D切换出不同的变速级。该行星齿轮传动机构可以通过输入元件与传动的输入轴5连接并通过输出元件与输出轴7连接。可以在输入轴5之前连接作为起动元件的未示出的变矩器。
这四个行星齿轮传动机构RS1至RS4可以借助于两个制动器A、B并借助于三个切换接合装置C、D、E切换出八个前进变速级。在图1中四个行星齿轮传动机构RS1至RS4轴向依次地布置，其中作为实心轴的输入轴5穿过三个轴向依次布置的内部空心轴9、11、13。
沿力矩流方向第一内部空心轴9以不能相对转动的方式支承第一行星齿轮传动机构RS1和第二行星齿轮传动机构RS2的太阳轮1a、2a，并能被变速器壳体8上的制动器A制动。第二内部空心轴11以不能转动的方式支承第三行星齿轮传动机构RS3的太阳轮3a并通过连接法兰15和第二外部空心轴21与第二行星齿轮传动机构RS2的齿圈2C固定连接。第二内部空心轴11还能通过第三切换接合装置E传动地连接在第三内部空心轴13上。
第三内部空心轴13以不能相对转动的方式支承第四行星齿轮传动机构RS4的太阳轮4a。第三内部空心轴13还可以通过第二切换接合装置C连接在输入轴5上并能通过第二连接法兰17以及第四外部空心轴25以不能相对转动的方式与第三行星齿轮传动机构RS3的齿圈3c连接。
第一行星齿轮传动机构RS1的行星架1b通过径向外部的外部空心轴19与第四行星齿轮传动机构RS4的齿圈4c以不能相对转动的方式连接。第一行星齿轮传动机构RS1的齿圈1c能通过变速器壳体8上的第二制动器B被制动住。此外，第三行星齿轮传动机构RS3的行星架3b能通过第三外部空心轴23以及在中间连接第一切换接合装置D的情况下耦合在第四行星齿轮传动机构RS4的行星架4b上，其中行星架4b通过第三连接法兰27与输出轴7固定连接。
第一行星齿轮传动机构RS1的齿圈1c可以通过变速器壳体8的第二制动器B被制动住。
以这种方式得到切换接合装置C、D、E的靠近输出的布置结构。根据切换的变速级的不同而断开切换接合装置C、D、E以用于激活滑行功能。在这种滑行模式中，就是说在动力设备被解耦的情况下，由于切换接合装置C、D、E的靠近输出的布置结构也减小了在变速器中形成的拖拽转矩。
如图2的切换图表所示，在多级变速器中可以总共切换出八个前进变速级。在较高的变速级中，就是说在第四至第八变速级中，通常切换第一切换接合装置D，以便在变速器中产生力流。在较低的变速级中，就是在第一变速级、第二变速级和第三变速级中断开第一切换接合装置D。此外在第一变速级和第三变速级闭合第二切换接合装置C，其中在第二变速级中闭合第三切换接合装置E。
根据本发明，为了在第四变速级至第八变速级中提供滑行模式而断开第一切换接合装置D，由此在变速器中中断力流。为了在第一变速级或在第三变速级中提供滑行模式断开第二切换接合装置C。为了在第二变速级中提供滑行模式断开第三切换接合装置E。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于运行机动车中的多级变速器的方法，该多级变速器具有四个行星齿轮传动机构(RS1至RS4)，四个行星齿轮传动机构(RS1至RS4)轴向依次地布置，输入轴(5)在三个轴向依次布置的空心轴(9、11、13)的径向内部延伸，这三个内部空心轴中的第一内部空心轴(9)以不能相对转动的方式支承第一行星齿轮传动机构(RS1)和第二行星齿轮传动机构(RS2)的太阳轮(1a、2a)并能通过制动器(A)在变速器壳体(8)上被制动住，第二内部空心轴(11)以不能相对转动的方式支承第三行星齿轮传动机构(RS3)的太阳轮(3a)并通过连接法兰(15)和第二外部空心轴(21)与第二行星齿轮传动机构(RS2)的齿圈(2c)固定连接，以及能通过第三切换接合装置(E)传动地连接在第三内部空心轴(13)上，第三内部空心轴(13)以不能相对转动的方式支承第四行星齿轮传动机构(RS4)的太阳轮(4a)，能通过第二切换接合装置(C)连接在输入轴(5)上并通过第二连接法兰(7)以及第四外部空心轴(25)以不能相对转动的方式与第三行星齿轮传动机构(RS3)的齿圈(3c)连接，这四个行星齿轮传动机构能通过切换元件(A、B、C、D)切换出不同的变速级，行星齿轮传动机构能通过输入元件与传动的输入轴(5)连接并能通过输出元件与输出轴(7)连接，行星齿轮传动机构的反应元件能被耦合或能被制动住，这四个行星齿轮传动机构(RS1至RS4)能借助于两个制动器(A、B)和借助于三个切换接合装置(C、D、E)切换出八个前进变速级，其中，在较高的变速级中、即在第四变速级至第八变速级中至少接合第一切换接合装置(D)，以在变速器中产生力流，在低的变速级中、即在第一变速级至第三变速级中至少接合第二切换接合装置(C)和/或第三切换接合装置(E)，以在变速器中产生力流，在滑行模式中在接入或切换出变速级的情况下通过断开切换接合装置(C、D、E)之一使变速器中的力流中断，为了在较高的变速级中提供滑行模式而断开第一切换接合装置(D)，为了在较低的变速级中提供滑行模式而断开第二切换接合装置(C)或第三切换接合装置(E)，其特征在于，第三行星齿轮传动机构(RS3)的行星架(3b)能通过第三外部空心轴(23)以及在中间连接第一切换接合装置(D)的情况下耦合在第四行星齿轮传动机构(RS4)的行星架(4b)上，其中，行星架(4b)通过第三连接法兰(17)与输出轴(7)固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第一行星齿轮传动机构(RS1)的行星架(1b)通过径向外部的外部空心轴(19)以不能相对转动的方式与第四行星齿轮传动机构(RS4)的齿圈(4c)连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，第一行星齿轮传动机构(RS1)的齿圈(1c)能通过制动器(B)在变速器壳体(8)上被制动住。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，第一行星齿轮传动机构(RS1)的齿圈(1c)能通过制动器(B)在变速器壳体(8)上被制动住。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在较低的变速级中，就是说在第一变速级、第二变速级和第三变速级中断开第一切换接合装置(D)，在第一变速级和第三变速级中闭合第二切换接合装置(C)，在第二变速级中闭合第三切换接合装置(E)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，为了在第一变速级或第三变速级中提供滑行模式断开第二切换接合装置(C)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，为了在第二变速级中提供滑行模式断开第三切换接合装置(E)。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，为了在第二变速级中提供滑行模式断开第三切换接合装置(E)。
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