CN107913326A - 一种用于治疗胸腔积液的中药 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗胸腔积液的中药 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于治疗胸腔积液的中药，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：甘遂3份、大戟3份、龙葵20份、幌伞枫15份、灰绿水苎麻12份、葶苈子15份、地龙15份、金荞麦15份。临床实验证明，本发明能够安全有效治疗胸腔积液。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药，具体涉及一种用于治疗胸腔积液的中药。
背景技术
胸腔积液(呼吸内科),胸膜脏层和壁层之间为一潜在的胸膜腔，在正常情况下，胸膜腔内含有微量润滑液体，其产生与吸收经常处于动态平衡。当有病理原因使其产生增加和(或)吸收减少时，就会出现胸腔积液。胸腔积液分为漏出液和渗出液两类。临床上以结核性胸膜炎常见。胸腔积液的形成，主要是由肿瘤转移到胸膜后导致胸膜通透性增加，产生胸腔渗出液，其特点足胸积液量大，且增长迅速，大量胸腔积液会压缩肺组织，使患者呼吸功能受限。表现为气喘，括动时更为明显．病人多生活不能自理，严重的会导致呼吸衰竭需要立即排液减压治疗。祖国医学认为胸腔积液属“悬饮”范畴。其病机为饮停胸胁，病理性质属实证，治疗当泻肺逐水。
本发明所涉及药材研究现状如下：
甘遂【别名】主田、重泽、苦泽、甘泽、陵藁，甘藁、鬼丑、陵津、肿手花根。【来源】本品为大戟科植物甘遂 的干燥块根。春季开花前或秋末茎叶枯萎后采挖，撞去外皮，晒干。【性味】苦，寒。【归经】 归肺、肾、大肠经。【功能主治】泻水逐饮。用于水肿胀满，胸腹积水，痰饮积聚，气逆喘咳，二便不利。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，1.5～3g。【注意】气虚、阴伤、脾胃衰弱者及孕妇忌服。【摘录】《中华本草》。
大戟【别名】邛巨、红芽大戟、紫大戟、下马仙、京大戟。【来源】为大戟科植物大戟或茜草科植物红芽大戟的根。春季未发芽前，或秋季茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去残茎及须根，洗净晒干。【性味】 苦辛，寒。【归经】入肺、脾、肾经。【功能主治】泻水沈，利二便。治水肿，水臌，痰饮，瘰疬，痈疽肿毒。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，1.5～3g。【注意】脾胃肝肾虚寒，阴水泛滥，犯之立毙，不可不审。【摘录】《中华本草》。
龙葵【别名】苦菜、苦葵、老鸦眼睛草、天茄子、天茄苗儿、天天茄、救儿草、后红子、水茄、天泡草、老鸦酸浆草、天泡果、七粒扣、乌疔草、野茄子、黑姑娘、乌归菜、野海椒、黑茄、地泡子、地戎草、山辣椒、山海椒、野茄菜。 【 来源 】为茄科茄属植物龙葵，以全草入药。夏秋采收，鲜用或晒干。【性味】苦，寒。【功能主治】 清热解毒，利水消肿。用于感冒发烧，牙痛，慢性支气管炎，痢疾，泌尿系感染，乳腺炎，白带，癌症；外用治痈疖疔疮，天疱疮，蛇咬伤。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，15～30g。【注意】 脾胃虚弱者勿服。【摘录】《中华本草》。
幌伞枫【别名】大蛇药、五加通、凉伞木。【来源】为禾本科植物芦苇的嫩茎。植物形态详"芦根"条。 五加科异参属植物幌伞枫以根、树皮入药。全年可采，晒干。【性味】 苦，凉。【归经】入心、肺。【功能主治】清热解毒，活血消肿，止痛。用于感冒，中暑头痛；外用治痈疖肿毒，淋巴结炎，骨折，烧烫伤，扭挫伤，蛇咬伤。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，10～25g。【摘录】《中华本草》。
灰绿水苎麻【来源】为荨麻科植物灰绿水苎麻的全草。采收和储藏：夏、秋季采收，鲜用或晒干。【性味】 微苦；性平【归经】 归肺、肝、肾经。【功能主治】 解毒消肿。凉血除蒸，清肺降火。用于阴虚潮热，骨蒸盗汗，肺热咳嗽，咯血，衄血，内热消渴。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，9～15g。【摘录】《中华本草》。
葶苈子【别名】大适、大室，蕇蒿、丁历。【来源】本品为十字花科植物独行菜或播娘蒿的干燥成熟种子。前者习称“北葶苈子”，后者习称“南葶苈子”。夏季果实成熟时采割植株，晒干，搓出种子，除去杂质。【性味】辛、苦，大寒。【归经】归肺、膀胱经。【功能主治】 泻肺平喘，行水消肿。用于痰涎壅肺，喘咳痰多，胸胁胀满，不得平卧，胸腹水肿，小便不利；肺原性心脏病水肿。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，3～9g。【注意】肺虚喘咳、脾虚肿满者忌服。【摘录】《中华本草》。
地龙【别名】蚯蚓、蛐蟮、曲虫、土蟺、赤虫。【来源】本品为巨蚓科动物参环毛蚓、通俗环毛蚓、威廉环毛蚓或栉盲环毛蚓的干燥体。前一种习称“广地龙”，后三种习称“沪地龙”。广地龙春季至秋季捕捉，沪地龙夏季捕捉，及时剖开腹部，除去内脏及泥沙，洗净，晒干或低温干燥。【性味】 咸，寒。【归经】归肝、脾、膀胱经。【功能主治】清热定惊，通络，平喘，利尿。用于高热神昏，惊痫抽搐，关节痹痛，肢体麻木，半身不遂，肺热喘咳，尿少水肿，高血压。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，4.5-9g。【注意】 脾胃虚寒不宜服，孕妇禁服。【摘录】《中华本草》。
金荞麦【别名】赤地利、赤薛荔、金锁银开、天荞麦根、开金锁、贼骨头、透骨消、苦荞头、铁石子、野荞子、蓝养头、荞麦三七、野荞麦根、苦养麦根、荞当归、铁拳头。 【 来源 】本品为蓼科植物金荞麦的干燥根茎。冬季采挖，除去茎及须根，洗净，晒干。【性味】微辛、涩，凉。【归经】 归肺经。【功能主治】 清热解毒。清肺排痰，排脓消肿，祛风化湿。用于肺脓疡、咽喉肿痛、痢疾、无名肿毒、跌打损伤、风湿关节痛。【用法用量】内服：煎汤，15～45g。【摘录】《中华本草》。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于治疗胸腔积液的中药，通过选择合适的药材及其配比，达到安全有效治愈胸腔积液的目的。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种用于治疗胸腔积液的中药，其特征在于，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：甘遂3份、大戟3份、龙葵20份、幌伞枫15份、灰绿水苎麻12份、葶苈子15份、地龙15份、金荞麦15份。
下面结合临床实验数据说明本发明的有益效果：
1、一般资料
发明人2012年10月~2013年10月间共收集门诊及住院胸腔积液患者74例，随机分为治疗组38例与对照组36例，治疗组男20例，女18例，年龄45～78岁，病程2~34个月；对照组男17例，女19例，年龄48～77岁，病程1~36个月。2组性别、年龄及病程比较差异无统计学意义，具有可比性。
诊断标准
依据全国胸腔积液临床专业会议的诊断标准：（1）.胸闷、胸痛、气促。（2）.胸腔积液量少时可无阳性体征，积液量多时患侧呼吸运动减弱，语颤消失，叩诊浊音或实音，呼吸音减弱或消失，气管、纵隔、心脏移向健侧。（3）.X线检查：少量积液时肋膈角变钝，中等量积液可见大片致密阴影，肺底部积液可见患侧“膈肌”升高，改变体位胸水可流动。（4）.超声波检查：可见液平段。（5）.胸腔穿刺抽出液体，胸水检查常规、生化、免疫学和细胞学。
2、试验方法
2.1治疗方法
治疗组口服本发明按照具体实施例3制得的胶囊剂，每日3次。疗程一个月。
对照组口服利福平、乙胺丁醇，按说明书服用。疗程一个月。
3、疗效标准与治疗结果
3.1 疗效标准
临床控制：临床症状明显改善，B超示胸腔积液消失或仅有少量，持续2个月以上；
有效：临床症状好转，B超检查胸腔积液减少1／2以上并持续2个月；
无效：临床症状无改善或加重，胸腔积液生长迅速，且需排液减压者。
3.2 治疗结果见表1。
表1 两组疗效比较
| 组别 | n | 临床控制 | 有效 | 无效 | 总有效率(%) | 严重不良反应例 |
| 治疗组 | 38 | 10 | 22 | 6 | 84.21% | 0 |
| 对照组 | 36 | 8 | 16 | 12 | 66.67% | 0 |
可见，本发明制得的药物能够安全有效治疗胸腔积液，具有推广价值。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解和实施本发明，下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
称取：甘遂3克、大戟3克、龙葵20克、幌伞枫15克、灰绿水苎麻12克、葶苈子15克、地龙15克、金荞麦15克；加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；滤渣加6倍量水，煎煮1小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩至120克，即得符合正常成人一天用量的煎剂。
用于治疗胸腔积液。口服，每日分早午晚三次服用。
实施例2
称取：甘遂3克、大戟3克、龙葵20克、幌伞枫15克、灰绿水苎麻12克、葶苈子15克、地龙15克、金荞麦15克；加10倍量水，煎煮2小时，过滤；滤渣加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩，干燥，包装，即得符合正常成人一天用量的散剂。
用于治疗胸腔积液。口服，每日分早午晚三次服用。
实施例3
称取：甘遂3克、大戟3克、龙葵20克、幌伞枫15克、灰绿水苎麻12克、葶苈子15克、地龙15克、金荞麦15克；加6倍量水，煎煮3次，每次煎煮1小时，合并煎煮液，浓缩，干燥，装入胶囊壳，即得符合正常成人一天用量的胶囊剂。
用于治疗胸腔积液。口服，每日分早午晚三次服用。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于治疗胸腔积液的中药，其特征在于，它是由以下重量配比的原料药材制备而成：甘遂3份、大戟3份、龙葵20份、幌伞枫15份、灰绿水苎麻12份、葶苈子15份、地龙15份、金荞麦15份。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗胸腔积液的中药，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：甘遂3份、大戟3份、龙葵20份、幌伞枫15份、灰绿水苎麻12份、葶苈子15份、地龙15份、金荞麦15份；加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；滤渣加6倍量水，煎煮1小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩至120份，即得煎剂；上述份均是指重量份。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗胸腔积液的中药，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：甘遂3份、大戟3份、龙葵20份、幌伞枫15份、灰绿水苎麻12份、葶苈子15份、地龙15份、金荞麦15份；加10倍量水，煎煮2小时，过滤；滤渣加8倍量水，煎煮1.5小时，过滤；合并滤液，浓缩，干燥，包装，即得散剂；上述份均是指重量份。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗胸腔积液的中药，其特征在于，其制备方法为：称取：甘遂3份、大戟3份、龙葵20份、幌伞枫15份、灰绿水苎麻12份、葶苈子15份、地龙15份、金荞麦15份；加6倍量水，煎煮3次，每次煎煮1小时，合并煎煮液，浓缩，干燥，装入胶囊壳，即得胶囊剂；上述份均是指重量份。
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