CN107873374A - A kind of method of forestation on discarded colliery ground - Google Patents
A kind of method of forestation on discarded colliery ground Download PDFInfo
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- CN107873374A CN107873374A CN201711245387.7A CN201711245387A CN107873374A CN 107873374 A CN107873374 A CN 107873374A CN 201711245387 A CN201711245387 A CN 201711245387A CN 107873374 A CN107873374 A CN 107873374A
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- plant hole
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- planting ditch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of forestation on discarded colliery ground, landfill hole is dug on the ground in discarded colliery, level land, when discarded colliery terrain slope is more than 15 °, a gutter is opened along gradient direction, kind of a plant hole is dug by the different tree species design density of plantation along hillside gradient direction from top to bottom, open kind of a planting ditch, December then~March next year；Cuttage is easily taken root, drought-enduring, barren-resistant locust tree, paulownia, false indigo, shrub lespedeza seeds nursery stock clip top slightly, seedling root portion is planted in kind of plant hole, seedling stem part is planted in kind of planting ditch, is embedded in nursery stock is horizontal in kind of planting ditch and kind plant hole, then slag and cinder are covered on nursery stock.After the method for the invention afforestation, sprouting is sprouted from trunk, progressively produces plexi plant, can not only improve the surrival rate of afforestation on the barren hillsides such as spoil, cinder, slag, and low is required to soil matrix condition, nursing supervision facilitates advantage；Soil moved in improve the original mode is not used, directly plants trees, cost of forestation is low in slag.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for forestation that the large area formed after a kind of coal mining discards colliery ground.
Background technology
For a long time, because the human activities such as coal mining cause forest land to be destroyed, cause substantial amounts of spoil, slag etc. straight
Connect and be deposited in mining area, form large area barren hillside land.These discarded collieries formed by spoil, slag etc. as entered not in time
The row greening comprehensive regulation, the serious slope bad water and soil balance of meeting, causes water and soil to be seriously lost in, heavy metal pollution, environment is caused badly
Influence.Effective method is not found also in the country at present Afforestation being carried out at these with discarding colliery.Or it is high into
This soil moved in improve the original cultivation, or mud of the spray with grass seeds cover green, are difficult to form forest in the short time.For the ring that brings of digging up mine at present
Border is polluted and ecological disruption problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and is largely needed to discarded colliery to afforest the comprehensive regulation, is recovered Forest ecosystem
The problem of system, how to take in a short time, low cost with recovering discarded colliery vegetation be to need to solve in current Ecological Civilization Construction
Major issue certainly.In patent retrieval, patent CN104025970A discloses a kind of method of mining area anti-drought afforestation kind grass, should
The measure that patented method is mainly taken is：Selection is adapted to the native country seeds in the plantation of local mining area first, is passed in degraded land
System technology carries out artificial watering afforestation in the time of sowing in spring；Then raked earth's surface by artificial land preparation mode, select to be adapted to local plant
The native country grass seed of kind is manually spread to earth's surface；Finally the rubble discarded during Area Mining, slag are separated with soil, use is broken
Stone, slag do increased surface covering and are covered in earth's surface after planting, complete slag afforestation with mulch kind grass.Above-mentioned patented method is using
In following problems also be present：Site preparation is that program flows backwards first after afforestation, is easily damaged to sapling；Next to that rubble, ore deposit
Slag is separated with soil, covered again, workload is very big, and it is very high to implement planting cost；It is that seeds and grass seed are wrapped by tradition again
Clothing technology is handled, and illustrates the content of also afforestation seeding, then in discarded colliery level of ground water is very low, and afforestation seeding is not
It is desirable.Patent CN103026891A is disclosed and is carried out revegetation side using the direct afforestation seeding of nitrogen-fixing plants on discarded tailing
Method, and abandoned mine using direct seeding forestation maximum the shortcomings that be exactly emergence after moisture content insufficient supply because abandoned mine it is past
It is poor toward water holding capacity, and underground water is very low, seedling growth is difficult to obtain healthy growth.The above analysis, the two patents
Method has the survival rate of afforestation seeding in the barren hillside land of a large amount of spoils and slag low, young all based on afforestation seeding, in accumulation
The long potential difference of seedling, revegetation phase length.
The content of the invention
Survived for being afforested in the discarded colliery ground that is formed present in above-mentioned prior art by spoil, cinder, slag etc.
The problem of rate is very low, the present invention propose a kind of selection cuttage easily take root, be drought-enduring, barren-resistant plant as pioneer, no
Using soil moved in improve the original mode, especially adapt to south China and afforested on the ground in the discarded colliery formed by spoil, cinder, slag etc., and into
The high method of forestation of motility rate.
A kind of method of forestation step on discarded colliery ground of the present invention is：
A, level land：Landfill hole is dug on the ground in discarded colliery, is leveled land, with reducing discarded colliery the gradient, block spoil
Or stone embedment underground, the smooth of discarded colliery landform is kept,
B, begin to rehearse ditch：When discarded colliery terrain slope be more than 15 °, along gradient direction, a gutter is opened every 30 meters,
C, dig kind of a plant hole, open kind of a planting ditch：Along hillside gradient direction from top to bottom, plantation is dug by the different tree species design density of plantation
Cave, opens kind of a planting ditch, and described kind of planting ditch one end be connected with kind plant hole, the other end and a kind plant hole phase from,
D, Afforestation Time：December~March next year then；
E, planting by stock：Cuttage is easily taken root, drought-enduring, barren-resistant locust tree, paulownia, false indigo, shrub lespedeza seeds nursery stock are clipped
Slightly, seedling root portion is planted in kind of plant hole for top, and seedling stem part is planted in kind of planting ditch, is embedded in kind of planting ditch and kind plant hole by nursery stock is horizontal
In, then slag and cinder are covered on nursery stock.
The present invention is to allow root system to be all embedded in soil, and root system can be done to a little trimmings or increase mound on kind of a plant hole periphery,
Ensure that root system is not exposed in air, to reduce moisture evaporation.After the completion of afforestation, reproducing area does not have a upright nursery stock, nursery stock into
Plexi grows after work.
, can not drainage trenching on discarded hillside of the colliery terrain slope less than 15 ° or level land.
The general principle of method of forestation of the present invention is：Famine in the discarded colliery formed by spoil, cinder, slag etc.
Under the conditions of the Difficult site of hillside, first select cuttage easily take root, be drought-enduring, barren-resistant seeds nursery stock, clip top ending point, make nursery stock
Apical dominance is lost, using the physiological Mechanism of plant adventitious bud, has invented that the plant root and stem of certain plants is horizontal to bury technology, has utilized tree root to keep moisture absorption
The plant characteristic easily taken root with cuttage, after afforestation, sprouting is sprouted from trunk, progressively produces plexi plant, so as to improve spoil,
The surrival rate of afforestation on the barren hillsides such as cinder, slag.
The easy rooting plant nursery stock of cuttage is that extensive management can in high volume pass through cuttage in production in seedling propagation
Breeding obtains nursery stock, such as paulownia, locust tree, willow, willow.
The drought-enduring plant nursery stock is locust tree, paulownia, false indigo, shrub lespedeza, and these plant nursery stock well developed root systems can be abundant
The moisture content of level of ground water very lower is absorbed, ensures seedling growth demand.
The barren-resistant plant nursery stock is locust tree, false indigo, shrub lespedeza etc., and these seeds are respectively provided with rhizobium, can be sky
Nitrogen in gas is converted into nitrogen-containing compound to nutrient needed for plant offer.
The discarded colliery field planting refers under the conditions of by substantial amounts of spoil, cinder, slag etc., does not use the side of soil moved in improve the original
Formula planting by stock in barren hillside land.
A kind of method of forestation on discarded colliery ground of the present invention has the characteristics that compared with prior art：
1st, solve the problems, such as low by the discarded colliery ground surrival rate of afforestation under the conditions of the Difficult sites such as spoil, cinder, slag；
2nd, afforestation tree-planting method of the invention has requires low to soil matrix condition, and nursing supervision facilitates advantage；
3rd, soil moved in improve the original mode is not used, directly plants trees, cost of forestation is low in slag；
4th, invention, which is planted seedlings, horizontal buries technology so that discarded colliery field planting has：Live standing tree quantity is more, the closing time is short, it is fast to grow into forest
The characteristics of；
5th, all using deciduous species, soil organism increase is fast, and filling, careless floristics clear-cutting forestland power are strong, are advantageous to soil
Improvement and the formation of forest community.
The technique effect of the present invention：
The geology almost all on discarded colliery ground is made up of spoil, slag, cinder, wherein also very small amount soil, poor water retention property,
Method of forestation is planted with ordinary straight in this discarded Coal Exploitation, its survival rate is very low, and its main cause is the water that root system of plant absorbs
Part will be transferred to top and just must pull against the problem of flow of water difference is big, be grown to summer high temperature and sunshine-duration, and moisture content supply is unbalanced
When, in the case that tree transpiration effect is strengthened, the nursery stock survived also can be dead, and survival rate is low.
To improve the survival rate planted trees with discarding colliery and storage rate, reach the greening comprehensive regulation, prevent water and soil
It is lost in, the purpose of environmental protection, the technical measures that the present invention uses are：The horizontal method of forestation buried that plants seedlings has been invented, and has selected to have
There is cuttage easily to take root, be drought-enduring, the plant of barren-resistant feature, eliminating the suppression sprouted to adventitious bud of apical dominance, the root when rainy
System, seedling stem can be absorbed to the moisture content of abundance, and the bud for drilling out native face develops into trunk, root is developed into by the bud of native one side；Profit
It is strong with its root system penetration power, absorb the very low moisture content of level of ground water and ensure nursery stock normal growth；By plant seedlings it is horizontal bury method of forestation,
Reduce the pressure potential difference of trees moisture in vivo transport, supply the moisture content of prior art sapling vertical circulation after afforestation, be changed into phase
To the moisture content supply system of level.When going up to the sky like spacefarer, because overweight, it need to lay flat on one's back, to keep blood circulation.The present invention
The method nursery stock dosage of the afforestation is normal, but after surviving, the density of unit area is big, by 2.5 × 2.5m of arbor, 110 plants/
Mu, 1.5 × 1.5m of shrub, 296 plants/acre supply seedling, the density after surviving no less than more than 1500 plants/acre, the area more than rainwater, nothing
It need to manage and protect, the appropriate water drenching in the few area of rainwater both may be used.The surrival rate of afforestation there is no SS at present, and the present invention is by surviving strain
Number, the density of plantation and live standing tree quantity overall merit its afforestation effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plan for excavating kind of planting ditch and planting plant hole,
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that gutter has been excavated on the basis of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 Fig. 2 A-A cross section structure diagrams,
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional configuration schematic diagram in gutter,
Fig. 5 is the horizontal structural representation buried of nursery stock.
In figure, 1, kind planting ditch 2, kind plant hole 3, gutter 4, seedling root 5, slag and cinder 6, seedling stem 7, top are slightly.
Embodiment
The method and step of discarded colliery field planting of the present invention is：
A, level land：In discarded colliery, level land first, dig landfill cave, slow down the gradient of prepartion of land, and handle as far as possible
Block spoil or stone are embedded to underground, keep the smooth of landform,
B, begin to rehearse ditch：Along hillside direction, the gradient is more than 15 ° of every 30 meters gutters 3 for opening a 50cm × 50cm × 50cm, had
Condition can use concrete or fragment of brick to harden；The gradient is less than 15 ° of the ditch that can not begin to rehearse；
C, dig kind of a plant hole, open kind of a planting ditch：First, along hillside gradient direction from top to bottom, the density of plantation is designed by different tree species
Cave is dug, digs cave by arbor 2 × 2m~3 × 3m, shrub 1.0 × 1.0m~1.5 × 1.5m, the specification in cave is 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4
Rice；Secondly, kind of a planting ditch is opened, one 5~10 centimetres of kind planting ditch 1 is opened in each upward slope position for planting plant hole（See Fig. 1）, kind planting ditch one end
It is connected with kind of plant hole 2, the other end and upper 15~20 centimetres of kind plant hole interval, the upward slope direction for planting plant hole scrapes out inclined-plane（See
Fig. 3）；
D, Afforestation Time：December~March next year then；
E, planting by stock：Cuttage is easily taken root, drought-enduring, barren-resistant locust tree, paulownia, false indigo, shrub lespedeza seeds nursery stock are clipped
Top slightly 7, the part of seedling root 4 is planted in kind of plant hole 2, the part of seedling stem 6 is planted in kind of planting ditch 1, is embedded in kind of planting ditch and cave by nursery stock is horizontal
In, then slag and cinder 5 are covered on nursery stock.
Root system can be done a little trimmings or increase mound on cave periphery by the present invention to allow root system to be all embedded in soil, it is ensured that
Root system is not exposed in air, to reduce moisture evaporation.After the completion of afforestation, reproducing area does not have a upright nursery stock, after Survival rate of nursery stock
Plexi grows（Fig. 5）.
Embodiment 1, illustration method step, with Jiangxi Province Pingxiang City Xiangdong District Xia Bu towns Hu Jia villages, by spoil, cinder, ore deposit
Exemplified by afforesting to the discarded colliery of the formation such as slag.
1st, Tree Species Selection, arbor species：Common zenia, paulownia, locust tree；Shrub species：False indigo, shrub lespedeza；
2nd, 320 mu of area；
3rd, method of soil preparation：The gradient is less than 20 °, digs landfill cave, leveling；The gradient is more than 20 °, digs landfill cave, horizontal stripes site preparation；
4th, method of forestation：Cave trench digging is dug, plants seedlings and buries dry method；
5th, the density of plantation：Common zenia, paulownia, locust tree 3 × 3m, 74 plants every mu；False indigo, shrub lespedeza 1.5 × 1.5m, 296 plants/
Mu；
6th, survival rate is investigated：Due to that can not be adjusted using planting by layerings method of planting seedlings, survival rate by the quantity surveying that plants seedlings, random sampling
Looking into content is：Every plant of rudiment quantity, calculate average rudiment number；Root, do all withered and be calculated as death without rudiment；Trunk,
The indexs such as leaf growth developmental state.Summary is every to carry out survival rate evaluation, is divided into：Good, good, general, poor four etc.
Level.Its result of implementation see the table below：
Relevant planting by layerings data list of planting seedlings is as follows in embodiment 1：Afforestation survives, growing state application form
Embodiment 2, illustration method step, with Jiangxi Province Fengcheng City Shang Tang Zhenpings Hu Cun, by shapes such as spoil, cinder, slags
Into discarded colliery afforest exemplified by.
1st, Tree Species Selection, arbor species：Paulownia, locust tree；Shrub species：False indigo, photinia glabra；
2nd, 155 mu of area；
3rd, method of soil preparation：The gradient is less than 20 °, digs landfill cave, leveling；The gradient is more than 20 °, digs landfill cave, horizontal stripes site preparation；
4th, method of forestation：Cave trench digging is dug, plants seedlings and buries dry method；
5th, the density of plantation：Paulownia, locust tree 2.5 × 2.5m, 110 plants every mu；False indigo, photinia glabra 1.5 × 1.5m, 296 plants/
Mu；
6th, survival rate is investigated：Every plant of rudiment quantity, calculate average rudiment number；Root, do all withered and be calculated as extremely without rudiment
Die；The indexs such as trunk, leaf growth developmental state.Summary is every to carry out survival rate evaluation, is divided into：Good, good, general,
Poor four grades.Its result of implementation see the table below：
Relevant planting by layerings data list of planting seedlings is as follows in embodiment 2：Afforestation survives, growing state application form
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. method of forestation on discarded colliery ground, it is characterised in that：Methods described step is：A, level land：Landfill hole is dug on the ground in discarded colliery, is leveled land, with reducing discarded colliery the gradient, block spoil Or stone embedment underground, the smooth of discarded colliery landform is kept,B, begin to rehearse ditch：When discarded colliery terrain slope be more than 15 °, along gradient direction, a gutter (3) is opened every 30 meters,C, dig kind of a plant hole, open kind of a planting ditch：Along hillside gradient direction from top to bottom, plantation is dug by the different tree species design density of plantation Cave（2）, open kind of a planting ditch（1）, described kind of planting ditch one end be connected with kind plant hole, the other end and kind plant hole phase from,D, Afforestation Time：December~March next year then；E, planting by stock：Cuttage is easily taken root, drought-enduring, barren-resistant locust tree, paulownia, false indigo, shrub lespedeza seeds nursery stock are clipped Top is slightly（7）, by seedling root（4）Plant in kind of a plant hole part（2）It is interior, seedling stem（6）Plant in kind of a planting ditch part（1）It is interior, it is embedded in nursery stock is horizontal In kind planting ditch and kind plant hole, then slag and cinder are covered on nursery stock（5）.
- A kind of 2. method of forestation on discarded colliery ground according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described to dig kind of a plant hole, open Kind planting ditch：Along hillside gradient direction from top to bottom, kind of a plant hole is dug by the different tree species design density of plantation, by arbor 2 × 2m~3 × 3m, shrub 1.0 × 1.0m~1.5 × 1.5m dig kind of a plant hole, and the specification for planting plant hole is 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 meter；Secondly, kind is opened One 5~10 centimetres of kind planting ditch is opened in planting ditch, each upward slope position for planting plant hole, and kind planting ditch one end is connected with kind plant hole, the other end With upper 15~20 centimetres of kind plant hole interval, the upward slope direction for planting plant hole scrapes out inclined-plane.
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| CN201711245387.7A CN107873374A (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | A kind of method of forestation on discarded colliery ground |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109005722A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-18 | 玉溪大红山矿业有限公司 | A kind of iron ore waste-rock yard land reclamation comprehensive improvement method |
| CN109997534A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-12 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | A kind of method of arbor cuttage and seedling culture |
| CN110122204A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-16 | 辽宁大学 | A kind of method on the steel slag mountain that original position restoration of the ecosystem northern area is piled based on discarded steel slag |
| CN110558137A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-13 | 龙川县林业科学研究所 | method for afforestation of abandoned mine field |
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| CN102257944A (en) * | 2010-10-30 | 2011-11-30 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Moisture and fertility preserving tree planting bag pit fixing planting method for mine side slope |
| CN104067898A (en) * | 2014-06-22 | 2014-10-01 | 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 | Method for conducting water storage soil moisture conservation water saving forestation in dry windy dusty desert region |
| CN105917903A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Water and soil conservation control method of soil laminated rocky mountain erosion steep slope |
| CN106613733A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 福建省安溪白濑国有林场 | Machilus pauhoi afforestation method |
| CN106717238A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of western Wind-sandy Area land ecology restorative procedure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102257944A (en) * | 2010-10-30 | 2011-11-30 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Moisture and fertility preserving tree planting bag pit fixing planting method for mine side slope |
| CN104067898A (en) * | 2014-06-22 | 2014-10-01 | 新疆林科院造林治沙研究所 | Method for conducting water storage soil moisture conservation water saving forestation in dry windy dusty desert region |
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| CN106613733A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-05-10 | 福建省安溪白濑国有林场 | Machilus pauhoi afforestation method |
| CN106717238A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-05-31 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of western Wind-sandy Area land ecology restorative procedure |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109005722A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-18 | 玉溪大红山矿业有限公司 | A kind of iron ore waste-rock yard land reclamation comprehensive improvement method |
| CN109005722B (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2021-09-03 | 玉溪大红山矿业有限公司 | Comprehensive reclamation method for land reclamation of iron ore waste stone yard |
| CN109997534A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-12 | 亿利资源集团有限公司 | A kind of method of arbor cuttage and seedling culture |
| CN110122204A (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2019-08-16 | 辽宁大学 | A kind of method on the steel slag mountain that original position restoration of the ecosystem northern area is piled based on discarded steel slag |
| CN110558137A (en) * | 2019-10-10 | 2019-12-13 | 龙川县林业科学研究所 | method for afforestation of abandoned mine field |
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Application publication date: 20180406 |