CN107858832A - 一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法 - Google Patents
一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,该方法涉及纺织工程技术领域。阻燃纤维织物的制备步骤为:首先将可溶性蛋白质溶液均匀地涂覆在纤维织物的表面,干燥;其次,在涂有蛋白质的纤维织物的表面涂覆含磷阻燃剂溶液,干燥。如此循环多次,即得所述阻燃纤维织物。本发明采用层层自组装方法制备阻燃纤维织物,阻燃剂绿色环保、成本低廉,阻燃纤维织物制备工艺简单,在确保阻燃纤维织物的优良阻燃性能的基础上,不影响其力学性能,具有广泛的市场应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是纺织工程技术领域,具体涉及一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法。
背景技术
纤维织物包括天然纤维织物如棉、麻等,合成纤维织物如腈纶、丙纶、涤纶、锦纶、维纶、聚酯等,以及再生纤维素纤维织物如粘胶纤维、Lyocell纤维等。不同的纤维织物具有不同的性能,如强度高、韧性大、手感舒适、吸湿透气性好等优良性能,适合于制做内衣、外衣和各种装饰用品。然而,大多数纤维织物属易燃材料,极易燃烧而引发火灾,给人们的生命财产安全造成无可挽回的损失,因此,国内外研究人员一直致力于纤维织物的阻燃研究。
目前为止,产业化的阻燃纤维织物多以卤系阻燃剂及磷系阻燃剂为主,如Pyrovatex CP工艺,利用N-羟甲基-3-(二甲氧基膦酰基)丙酰胺与交联剂在酸催化下与纤维素发生交联反应,获得优良的阻燃棉织物。另一种被广泛应用的阻燃整理工艺为Proban工艺,利用四羟甲基氯化磷与尿素反应生成预缩体,随后该预缩体以浸轧烘干的方式渗入到纤维素纤维的非晶区和间隙内,再经过氨熏处理,使预缩体的羟甲基与氨交联,在织物内部形成非水溶性聚合物后,再经双氧水氧化获得稳定结构,形成耐久性阻燃棉织物。这些方法虽可获得优良的阻燃棉织物,但整理及使用过程存在甲醛释放、织物手感变差等问题,限制了其广泛应用。
中国发明专利CN105332264 A和CN105603742 A分别釆用水溶性胶原蛋白或大豆分离蛋白与阻燃剂复配阻燃改性纤维织物,避免了使用有毒试剂和环境污染等问题,然而蛋白提取繁琐、价格昂贵,不利于产业化应用。鸡蛋蛋白是一种最为常见的生物质材料,含有多种氨基酸,含氮量极高,还含有钙、铁、磷等元素,同时提取简单、价格低廉,因而在用于阻燃改性纤维织物方面具有很大的潜力。
综上所述,本发明设计了一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术上存在的不足,本发明目的是在于提供一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,阻燃剂绿色环保、成本低廉,阻燃纤维织物制备工艺简单,所阻燃的纤维织物阻燃性能良好,力学性能保持不变。
为了实现上述目的,本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现:一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,其包括以下步骤:
1、对纤维织物进行预处理,将其浸渍于体积比为1:2的乙醇和水的混合溶剂中,其中,浸渍温度为50~90℃,浸渍时间为30~90分钟,之后用去离子水洗涤多次,然后于50~90℃温度下干燥30~60分钟;
2、将充分搅拌均匀的可溶性蛋白质溶液均匀地涂覆到步骤1所述的纤维织物的表面,静置5~20分钟,干燥;
3、将质量分数为1~15%的含磷阻燃剂溶液涂覆在步骤2所述的纤维织物的表面,静置5~20分钟,干燥;
4、重复上述步骤2和步骤3,然后将纤维织物在50~90℃温度下干燥10~90分钟,即得所述的阻燃纤维织物。
作为优选,所述的步骤1中的纤维织物为:棉、麻、腈纶、丙纶、涤纶、锦纶、维纶、聚酯、粘胶纤维、Lyocell纤维的其中的一种。
作为优选,所述的步骤2中的可溶性蛋白质为鸡蛋蛋白。
作为优选,所述的步骤3中的所述含磷阻燃剂为磷酸、植酸或其它含磷酸基团的阻燃剂中的一种或多种。
本发明具有以下有益效果:本发明采用含有阻燃元素如氮、磷、金属的鸡蛋蛋白与含磷酸化合物组合的阻燃剂,复配阻燃剂体系环境友好、成本低廉,阻燃纤维织物制备方法为层层自组装法、设备投资小、工艺流程简单,所阻燃的纤维织物阻燃性能良好、力学性能不受影响,且制备与使用过程均不存在有毒物质释放,符合绿色环保要求。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
本具体实施方式采用以下技术方案:一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,其包括以下步骤:首先将可溶性蛋白质均匀地涂覆在纤维织物的表面,其次将含磷阻燃剂溶液涂覆在涂有蛋白质的纤维织物的表面,烘干即得所述阻燃纤维织物。
本具体实施方式采用层层自组装方法制备阻燃纤维织物,阻燃剂绿色环保、成本低廉,阻燃纤维织物制备工艺简单,在确保阻燃纤维织物的优良阻燃性能的基础上,不影响其力学性能,具有重大的市场应用前景。
实施例1:阻燃改性棉纤维织物
1、对棉纤维织物进行预处理,将50克棉纤维织物浸渍于体积比为1:2的乙醇与水的混合溶剂中,其中,浸渍温度为60℃,浸渍时间为90分钟,之后用去离子水洗涤多次,然后于50℃干燥60分钟;
2、将充分搅拌后的鸡蛋蛋白溶液均匀地涂覆到步骤1所述的棉纤维织物的表面,静置10分钟,干燥;
3、将质量分数为8%的植酸溶液喷涂在步骤2的棉纤维织物的表面,静置10分钟,干燥;
4、重复上述步骤2与步骤3各5次,然后将棉纤维织物于60℃干燥90分钟。
实施例2:阻燃改性涤纶纤维织物
1、对涤纶纤维织物进行预处理,将50克涤纶纤维织物浸渍于体积比为1:2的乙醇与水的混合溶剂中,其中,浸渍温度为70℃,浸渍时间为80分钟,之后用去离子水洗涤多次,然后于90℃干燥30分钟;
2、将充分搅拌后的鸡蛋蛋白溶液均匀地涂覆到步骤1所述的涤纶纤维织物的表面,静置15分钟,干燥;
3、将质量分数为10%的植酸溶液喷涂在步骤2的涤纶纤维织物的表面,静置15分钟,干燥;
4、重复上述步骤2与步骤3各5次,然后将涤纶纤维织物于90℃干燥40分钟。
实施例3:阻燃改性Lyocell纤维织物
1、对Lyocell纤维织物进行预处理,将50克涤纶纤维织物浸渍于体积比为1:2的乙醇与水的混合溶剂中,其中,浸渍温度为90℃,浸渍时间为60分钟,之后用去离子水洗涤多次,然后于80℃干燥40分钟;
2、将充分搅拌后的鸡蛋蛋白均匀地涂覆到步骤1所述的Lyocell纤维织物的表面,静置10分钟,干燥;
3、将质量分数为8%的磷酸溶液喷涂在步骤2所述的Lyocell纤维织物的表面,静置20分钟,干燥;
4、重复上述步骤2与步骤3各15次,然后将Lyocell纤维织物于90℃干燥10分钟。
实施例4:阻燃改性粘胶纤维织物
1、对粘胶纤维织物进行预处理,将100克粘胶纤维织物浸渍于体积比为1:2的乙醇与水的混合溶剂中,其中,浸渍温度为90℃,浸渍时间为30分钟,之后用去离子水洗涤多次,然后于90℃干燥30分钟;
2、将充分搅拌后的鸡蛋蛋白均匀地涂覆到步骤1所述的粘胶纤维织物的表面,静置20分钟,干燥;
3、将质量分数为13%的多聚磷酸铵溶液涂覆在步骤2所述的粘胶纤维织物的表面,静置20分钟,干燥;
4、重复上述步骤2与步骤3各20次,然后将粘胶纤维织物于90℃干燥80分钟。
实施例5:阻燃改性腈纶纤维织物
1、对棉纤维织物进行预处理,将500克腈纶纤维织物浸渍于体积比为1:2的乙醇与水的混合溶剂中,其中,浸渍温度为70℃,浸渍时间为90分钟,之后用去离子水洗涤多次,然后于90℃干燥60分钟;
2、将充分搅拌后的鸡蛋蛋白均匀地涂覆到步骤1所述的腈纶纤维织物的表面,静置20分钟,干燥;
3、将质量分数为10%的磷酸氢二铵溶液涂覆在步骤2所述的腈纶纤维织物的表面,静置20分钟,干燥;
4、重复上述步骤2与步骤3各10次,然后将腈纶纤维织物于90℃干燥60分钟。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对纤维织物进行预处理,将其浸渍于体积比为1:2的乙醇和水的混合溶剂中,其中,浸渍温度为50~90℃,浸渍时间为30~90分钟,之后用去离子水洗涤多次,然后于50~90℃温度下干燥30~60分钟;
(2)将充分搅拌均匀的可溶性蛋白质溶液均匀地涂覆到步骤(1)所述的纤维织物的表面,静置5~20分钟,干燥;
(3)将质量分数为1~15%的含磷阻燃剂溶液涂覆在步骤(2)所述的纤维织物的表面,静置5~20分钟,干燥;
(4)重复上述步骤(2)和步骤(3),然后将纤维织物在50~90℃温度下干燥10~90分钟,即得所述的阻燃纤维织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(1)中的纤维织物为:棉、麻、腈纶、丙纶、涤纶、锦纶、维纶、聚酯、粘胶纤维、Lyocell纤维的其中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(2)中的可溶性蛋白质为鸡蛋蛋白。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种层层自组装阻燃改性纤维织物的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤(3)中的所述含磷阻燃剂为磷酸、植酸或其它含磷酸基团的阻燃剂中的一种或多种。
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