CN107848143B - 包括压力保持装置的混合装置 - Google Patents

包括压力保持装置的混合装置 Download PDF

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CN107848143B
CN107848143B CN201680038087.9A CN201680038087A CN107848143B CN 107848143 B CN107848143 B CN 107848143B CN 201680038087 A CN201680038087 A CN 201680038087A CN 107848143 B CN107848143 B CN 107848143B
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mixing device
liquid
mixing
crosslinker
pressure
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CN107848143A (zh
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C·施瓦布尔
G·巴尔道夫
M·迈茨勒
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种混合装置(1)，包括用于至少一种液体的至少一个输送开口(2)和用于至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的至少一个另外的输送开口(3)，其中，所述液体和/或液态硬化剂或交联剂与气体混合，并且该混合装置包括放出开口(4)，以用于放出能够在该混合装置中制造的包括所述至少一种液体和所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的混合物，其中，设有压力保持装置，以用于保持可预定的压力，该可预定的压力大于引起混合装置(1)中的气体发泡的压力。

Description

包括压力保持装置的混合装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合装置和一种用于制造发泡材料的方法。
背景技术
利用这类方法可以在使用这类混合装置的情况下制造具有多种应用可能性的发泡材料。例如所述发泡材料是密封装置。
由DE 2 125 679已知一种用于混合和喷出液态的在混合之后快速硬化的多组分塑料装置。该装置具有混合室，该混合室包括处于其中的搅拌器。该混合室的排出部件相对于该混合室的中间部分克服回位力可移动地设置。通过在该混合室内部的材料压力或通过单独的操控而将排出部件打开，此后搅拌器起动并且对新进入该混合室中的塑料材料搅拌。在喷出过程结束之后，该混合室应该完全保持被塑料填充，以便阻止空气掺入并且因此阻止塑料材料与空气混合，因为这不利地影响要产生的塑料件的质量。
由EP 776 745 B1已知一种方法，其中粘性液体与气体预混合并且随后在混合装置中与硬化剂混合(参考该文献的图7)。问题是，在混合装置中可能引起气体从粘性液体中脱离，从而与气体混合的粘性液体和硬化剂的混合物在膨胀之后可能不具有希望的特性或也可能不利于膨胀本身。
由DE 1 779 667 A已知一种混合装置，其中搅拌器两部分式地构成，这两个部件通过弹簧彼此预紧，从而在超过存在于混合装置中的压力时弹簧压缩并且放出开口打开。由此应该阻止渗漏。无法保证混合装置中的压力总是保持在可靠阻止混合装置中的气体发泡的值之上。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种混合装置和一种方法，利用其避免以上所述问题。
通过压力保持装置可能的是，在混合装置中预定这样的压力，使得阻止气体从至少一种液体中和/或从至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂中或从包括液体和硬化剂或交联剂的混合物中脱离。避免气体从所述至少一种液体中和/或从液态硬化剂或交联剂中脱离的可预定的压力在此可以通过试验确定。
所述至少一种液体可以优选是粘性液体。用于所述至少一种液体的示例是多元醇、硅酮、环氧树脂、聚酯、丙烯酸酯和MS聚合物。
用于与液体和/或液态硬化剂或交联剂混合的气体的示例是空气、氮气、二氧化碳。
用于硬化剂的示例是异氰酸酯。
用于交联剂的示例是硅酮。
用于包括至少2个组分的系统的其他示例是：
-加成交联的硅酮，包括作为液体的硅酮和作为加成交联的交联剂的硅酮
-缩合交联的硅酮，例如包括水和/或乙二醇，或按照DE 10 2008 011 986A1包括作为粘性液体的硅酮和作为缩合交联的交联剂的水和/或乙二醇
-用异氰酸酯作为硬化剂交联的聚氨酯(结果)。作为液体的多元醇组分可以例如包含聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、硫醇、乙二醇、胺、扩链剂和丙烯酸酯。异氰酸酯可以是芳香族(例如基于MDI、TDI)以及脂肪族(例如基于HDI、IPDI、12重氢化的MDI)。
-聚异氰脲酯，第二组分包含三聚催化剂并且必要时还包含多元醇、具有活性氢的其他物质或不反应的稀释剂。
-1K NCO封端的聚氨酯，用水和/或乙二醇作为硬化剂或交联剂(升压器系统)
-环氧树脂系统
-硅烷改性的聚合物，包括在B组分中的水和/或乙二醇，例如MS聚合物
-自由基硬化的丙烯酸酯
-自由基硬化的不饱和的聚酯树脂
-自由基硬化的乙烯基酯树脂
通过压力保持装置可预定的压力可以在最简单的情况中通过设置在放出开口的区域中的孔板或将放出开口的可接近区域限定成一个间隙的固定配合机构产生。孔板或间隙的对于希望的压力所需的尺寸可以通过试验或计算确定。
优选设置，通过压力保持装置可预定的压力能够借助调节装置改变，优选能够逐级地或无级地调节。由此可以对不同量的与液体和/或液态硬化剂或交联剂混合的气体和对从放出开口的不同排出量作出反应。但也可能足以的是，将压力保持装置一次地调节到随后不再改变的特定压力。
备选于通过调节装置实现的可变性，可以设置具有不同孔板直径的用于放出开口的可替换的孔板或可与放出开口连接的具有不同长度和/或内径的可替换的喷嘴。
优选设置，压力保持装置具有在混合装置中相对于放出开口可移动地设置的调整环节，通过所述调整环节可调节保留在调整环节和放出开口之间的间隙并且借此调节通过压力保持装置产生的压力。在混合装置中的压力根据间隙的大小而不同，其中，较小的间隙与混合装置中较高的压力关联。在该实施例中，压力保持装置在材料引入到混合装置中时通过形成在调整环节和放出开口之间的间隙形成。
特别优选设置，混合装置具有用于混合所述至少一种液体和所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的搅拌器。在该情况中，混合装置可以称为动态混合装置。
如果设有搅拌器，则搅拌器本身可以可移动地构成并且形成所述调整环节。
优选设置，可移动的调整环节通过蓄力器朝放出开口的方向预紧。由此可以对包括液体和硬化剂或交联剂的混合物的粘性的波动和放出量的改变独立作出反应，使得混合装置中的压力基本上保持恒定。蓄力器可以构成为机械弹簧、压缩空气弹簧、液压活塞-缸单元、通过重力加载调整环节的附加质量、电驱动装置(例如线性驱动装置)或类似物。
优选设有用于调节蓄力器的强度的设备。在机械弹簧的情况中，其可以例如是用于该弹簧的可调节的止挡部。在压缩空气弹簧或液压活塞-缸单元的情况中，压力可直接调节。
在混合装置的空闲状态中，蓄力器优选这样设计，使得放出开口通过调整环节闭锁。通过经由输送开口引入混合装置中的材料，调整环节克服蓄力器的加载在构成间隙的情况下从放出开口运动离开。运动离开放出开口的程度可通过用于调节蓄力器的强度的设备调节。
备选于可移动的调整环节可以设置，放出开口相对于轴向固定的机构、优选搅拌器是可移动的，以便调节保留在放出开口和轴向固定的机构之间的间隙。在该情况中，压力保持装置包括所述轴向固定的机构和相对于所述轴向固定的机构可移动的所述放出开口。
如果混合装置长形地构成，则可以有利的是，用于所述至少一种液体的所述至少一个输送开口和用于所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的所述至少一个另外的输送开口设置在混合装置的不同的轴向位置上。因为液体与液态硬化剂或交联剂的混合首先在输送开口的较靠近放出开口的区域中进行，所以在轴向处于其上方的区域中不会发生或只发生小的污染。
可以设置，混合装置的放出开口与喷嘴连接。
可以设置，气体在液体和/或液态硬化或交联剂中至少部分溶解地存在。
也请求保护一种布置结构，其包括：按照至少一个先前的实施例的混合装置；和用于至少一种液体的源，其与用于所述至少一种液体的所述至少一个输送开口连接，优选所述至少一种液体与气体混合；和用于至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的源，其与用于所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的所述至少一个另外的输送开口连接，优选所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂与气体混合。
附图说明
借助附图讨论本发明的实施形式。在附图中示出：
图1a至1c包括不同变型方案的按照本发明的混合装置的第一实施例的详细视图；
图2按照本发明的混合装置的第二实施例；
图3a和3b搅拌器，其显示作用到搅拌器上的力；
图4和5所提出的混合装置的其他实施例的详细视图。
具体实施方式
图1a示出包括混合室12的混合装置1。可看出用于至少一种与气体混合的粘性液体(例如与空气混合的多元醇)的输送开口2和用于至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂(例如异氰酸酯)的另一个输送开口3，这些输送开口引导到混合室12中。在该实施例中，混合装置1动态地构成并且具有搅拌器7，所述搅拌器在混合室12中是可旋转的。不同于所说明的，可以附加于液体或代替液体将液态硬化剂或交联剂与气体(例如空气)混合。
相邻于搅拌器7的尖端设置放出开口4，通过所述放出开口，在混合室12中产生的包括所述至少一种与气体混合的粘性液体和液态硬化剂或交联剂的混合物可朝喷嘴9的方向放出。
在本实施例中，压力比这样选择，使得在放出开口4后面引起包括所述至少一种与气体混合的粘性液体和液态硬化剂或交联剂的混合物的压力下降到如下压力之下，该压力引起混合物中的气体发泡，从而因气体的脱离引起膨胀并且借此引起混合物发泡(物理发泡)。
压力保持装置在该示例中通过经由蓄力器8加载的搅拌器7形成，所述搅拌器通过间隙6与放出开口4间隔开地设置。
为了产生包括所述至少一种与气体混合的粘性液体和所述液态硬化剂或交联剂的混合物，由一个源10提供的与气体混合的粘性液体通过第一输送开口2并且由另一个源11提供的液态硬化剂或交联剂通过第二输送开口3于在这里长形地构成的混合装置1的不同轴向位置引入。通过旋转式搅拌器7引起这两种组分的混合。
在这里示出的优选实施形式中，蓄力器8以弹簧的形式设置，所述弹簧将搅拌器7这样长地朝混合室12的具有放出开口4的端面13挤压，直至通过经由源10和11引入的材料有足够的力施加到搅拌器7上，从而所述搅拌器从端面13运动离开并且由此在端面13和搅拌器7之间形成间隙6(在这里是环状间隙)，由此在混合室12中制造的混合物可以从放出开口4中排出。由蓄力器8朝放出开口4的方向施加的力这样设计，使得通过材料混合物的积压在间隙6的区域中产生经由混合室12传播的压力，所述压力阻止气体从气体和粘性液体的混合物中脱离。
如果在积压中引起波动(例如由于变化的放出量、混合物的波动粘性、温度波动、在混合物中的填料等)，则引起对搅拌器7相对于放出开口4的位置的自动调整，从而混合室12中的压力基本上保持恒定。密封装置15(其在这里只示出沿一个方向作用，但也可以沿两个方向密封地作用)密封地包围搅拌器7的旋转轴16并且在搅拌器7的轴16的区域中密封混合室12。密封装置15可以例如由聚四氟乙烯制成并且能够实现旋转轴16的平稳运转的轴向运动。通过轴16旋转并且密封装置15造成小的摩擦，可以实现搅拌器7的非常精细的轴向位置调整。尤其是可以由此避免由于粘滑运动(Stick-Slip)效果而通过搅拌器7的突然轴向错位引起不希望的压力波动。通过轴16的旋转也使搅拌器7的轴向移动变得容易。优选密封装置15构成为旋转和平移密封装置。
可以在示出的实施例中调节蓄力器8的预应力。在该示例中为此设有构成为用于弹簧的止挡部的、以螺旋套筒形式的调节装置5，所述调节装置通过旋转运动而可轴向调节。
不同于所示出的，也可设想一种实施例，其中没有设置蓄力器8并且在放出开口4和搅拌器7之间的间隙6固定地设定。在该实施例中不可以对积压中的波动作出反应。另一种未示出的实施例可能这样进行，即，虽然设置蓄力器8，但其在结构上预紧到预先确定的程度。在这里也可以不进行变化。
图1b示出搅拌器7的尖端的详细视图，所述尖端在该示例中比混合室12的端面13的倾角更陡地构成。由此搅拌器7的尖端只环形地贴靠在端面13上并且伸入放出开口4之中，以便对所述放出开口环形地封闭。
图1c示出所述实施例的一种变型方案，其中蓄力器8构成为压缩空气弹簧。此外也可设想一种变型方案，其中蓄力器8构成为液压活塞-缸单元。
区别于图1a至1c，图2示出一种实施例，其中不是搅拌器7可移动地设置在混合室12中，而是混合室12的端壁(在该端壁的端面13上设置放出开口4)可相对于搅拌器7移动，以便再次调节放出开口4和搅拌器7之间的间隙6。对于按照图1a的实施例示出的所有变型方案对于按照图2的实施例也是可能的。
图3a示出一种搅拌器7。由在混合室12中引入的材料施加到搅拌器7上的力(通过指向到搅拌器7上的箭头示出)平均化，除了区域A1(搅拌器7的密封区域)和A2(基本上不加压的、可从放出开口4中放出的材料所通过的区域)以外。在混合室12中产生如下压力，其基本上对应于由蓄力器8施加的力除以两个面积A1和A2的差(参看图3b)。
图4示出用于按照图1a的混合装置1的压力保持装置的另一个示例，并且图5示出用于按照图2的混合装置1的压力保持装置的另一个示例。在两种情况中，压力保持装置通过孔板14和搅拌器7形成，所述搅拌器通过间隙6与放出开口4间隔开地设置。通过这些压力保持装置可预定的压力可以分别通过设置在放出开口4的区域中的孔板14产生。孔板14的对于希望的压力所需的尺寸可以通过试验或计算确定。这能够实现压力保持装置的特别简单的构造，其中尤其是可以省却调节装置5。
附图标记列表
1 混合装置
2 用于至少一种与气体混合的粘性液体的输送开口
3 用于至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的另一个输送开口
4 放出开口
5 调节装置
6 间隙
7 搅拌器
8 蓄力器
9 喷嘴
10 用于至少一种与气体混合的粘性液体的源
11 用于至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的源
12 混合室
13 端面
14 孔板
15 密封装置
16 轴

Claims (19)

1.混合装置(1)，该混合装置包括用于至少一种液体的至少一个输送开口(2)和用于至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的至少一个另外的输送开口(3)，其中，所述液体和/或所述液态硬化剂或交联剂与气体混合，并且该混合装置包括放出开口(4)，以用于放出能够在该混合装置中制造的包括所述至少一种液体和所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的混合物，其特征在于，设有压力保持装置，以用于保持可预定的压力，该可预定的压力大于引起该混合装置(1)中的气体发泡的压力，其中，所述压力保持装置具有在该混合装置(1)中相对于放出开口(4)可移动地设置的调整环节，并且可移动的所述调整环节通过蓄力器(8)朝放出开口(4)的方向预紧，通过所述调整环节能够调节保留在所述调整环节和放出开口(4)之间的间隙(6)，
蓄力器(8)将所述调整环节朝混合室(12)的具有放出开口(4)的端面(13)挤压，直至通过引入的材料有足够的力施加到所述调整环节上，从而所述调整环节从端面(13)运动离开并且由此在端面(13)和所述调整环节之间形成所述间隙(6)，由此在混合室(12)中制造的混合物能够从放出开口(4)中排出。
2.按照权利要求1所述的混合装置，其中，通过所述压力保持装置可预定的压力能够借助调节装置(5)改变。
3.按照权利要求2所述的混合装置，其中，通过所述压力保持装置可预定的压力能够借助调节装置(5)逐级地或无级地调节。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合装置，其中，所述压力保持装置具有设置在放出开口(4)的区域中的孔板(14)或具有将放出开口(4)的可接近区域限定成一个间隙的固定配合机构。
5.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合装置，其中，该混合装置(1)具有旋转式搅拌器(7)，以用于混合所述至少一种液体和所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂。
6.按照权利要求5所述的混合装置，其中，所述搅拌器(7)可移动地构成并且形成所述调整环节。
7.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合装置，其中，设有用于调节所述蓄力器(8)的强度的设备。
8.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合装置，其中，所述放出开口(4)能够相对于轴向固定的机构移动，以用于调节保留在放出开口(4)和所述轴向固定的机构之间的间隙。
9.按照权利要求8所述的混合装置，其中，所述轴向固定的机构是搅拌器(7)。
10.按照权利要求8所述的混合装置，其中，所述压力保持装置包括所述轴向固定的机构和相对于所述轴向固定的机构可移动的所述放出开口(4)。
11.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合装置，其中，该混合装置(1)长形地构成，并且用于所述至少一种液体的所述至少一个输送开口(2)和用于所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的所述至少一个另外的输送开口(3)设置在该混合装置(1)的不同的轴向位置上。
12.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的混合装置，其中，该混合装置(1)的放出开口(4)与喷嘴(9)连接。
13.按照权利要求5所述的混合装置，其中，该混合装置具有用于在搅拌器(7)的轴(16)的区域中密封地封闭该混合装置(1)的混合室(12)的密封装置(15)。
14.按照权利要求13所述的混合装置，其中，所述密封装置(15)构成为旋转和平移密封装置。
15.布置结构，包括：
按照权利要求1至14中任一项所述的混合装置(1)；和
用于至少一种液体的源(10)，其与用于所述至少一种液体的所述至少一个输送开口(2)连接；和
用于所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的源(11)，其与用于所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂的所述至少一个另外的输送开口(3)连接。
16.按照权利要求15所述的布置结构，其中，所述至少一种液体与气体混合。
17.按照权利要求15所述的布置结构，其中，所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂与气体混合。
18.用于制造发泡材料的方法，其中，至少一种与气体混合的液体与至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂在按照权利要求1至14中任一项所述的混合装置(1)中混合，其中，所述液体和/或所述液态硬化剂或交联剂与气体混合，并且随后所述至少一种液体与所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂通过混合装置(1)的放出开口(4)放出并且在放出时或之后膨胀，其特征在于，所述至少一种液体和所述至少一种液态硬化剂或交联剂在混合装置(1)中在如下压力中混合并且在混合装置(1)中至少维持直到在放出开口(4)中放出，在所述压力中避免气体从所述至少一种液体和/或从液态硬化剂或交联剂中脱离。
19.按照权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述混合间歇地进行并且放出开口(4)在所述间歇之间关闭。
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