CN1344612A - 可流动反应混合物的塑料模制品的生产工艺及其设备 - Google Patents

可流动反应混合物的塑料模制品的生产工艺及其设备 Download PDF

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CN1344612A
CN1344612A CN01132971A CN01132971A CN1344612A CN 1344612 A CN1344612 A CN 1344612A CN 01132971 A CN01132971 A CN 01132971A CN 01132971 A CN01132971 A CN 01132971A CN 1344612 A CN1344612 A CN 1344612A
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hybrid chamber
reactant mixture
mixing head
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described technology
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CN1188263C (zh
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H·M·苏尔茨巴赫
R·拉菲尔
H·杜沙尼克
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Maschinenfabrik Hennecke GmbH
Hennecke GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/04—Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/76—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head
    • B29B7/7605—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head having additional mixing arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B01F27/2723—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces the surfaces having a conical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/27—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices
    • B01F27/272—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces
    • B01F27/2724—Mixers with stator-rotor systems, e.g. with intermeshing teeth or cylinders or having orifices with means for moving the materials to be mixed axially between the surfaces of the rotor and the stator, e.g. the stator rotor system formed by conical or cylindrical surfaces the relative position of the stator and the rotor, gap in between or gap with the walls being adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms 
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
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    • B29B7/401—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft having a casing closely surrounding the rotor, e.g. with a plunger for feeding the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/402—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft using a rotor-stator system with intermeshing elements, e.g. teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/405—Mixing heads
    • B29B7/407—Mixing heads with a casing closely surrounding the rotor, e.g. with conical rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
    • B29B7/405—Mixing heads
    • B29B7/408—Mixing heads with mixing elements on a rotor co-operating with mixing elements, perpendicular to the axis of the rotor, fixed on a stator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/582—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for discharging, e.g. doors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7404—Mixing devices specially adapted for foamable substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/7404—Mixing devices specially adapted for foamable substances
    • B29B7/7409—Mixing devices specially adapted for foamable substances with supply of gas
    • B29B7/7414—Mixing devices specially adapted for foamable substances with supply of gas with rotatable stirrer, e.g. using an intermeshing rotor-stator system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
    • B29B7/76—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head
    • B29B7/7663—Mixers with stream-impingement mixing head the mixing head having an outlet tube with a reciprocating plunger, e.g. with the jets impinging in the tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/802—Constructions or methods for cleaning the mixing or kneading device
    • B29B7/803—Cleaning of mixers of the gun type, stream-impigement type, mixing heads
    • B29B7/805—Cleaning of the mixing conduit, module or chamber part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/84—Venting or degassing ; Removing liquids, e.g. by evaporating components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
    • B29C67/246—Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material

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Abstract

采用注射方法生产由可流动多元醇－聚异氰酸酯反应混合物制成的聚氨酯模制产品。将混合头的混合腔中的混合物各成分混合,形成可流动反应混合物。混合头中的混合物注入(最好通过一出口管)模具中,使得在每次注射后混合腔基本上是空的。然后在下次注射开始前排出混合腔中任何外界空气。

Description

可流动反应混合物的塑料模制品的生产工艺及其设备
技术领域
本发明涉及可流动反应混合物的塑料模制品的生产工艺。在此工艺中，通过在混合头的混合腔内将反应混合物各成分混合，可以得到可流动反应混合物的“注射体”。然后将此注射体注入模具中，反应混合物在模具中凝固，然后从模具取下塑料模制品。本发明还涉及适用于实现本工艺的设备。
背景技术
在本发明这样的工艺中中常常采用旋转模具载体来生产塑料模制品，载体以一种所谓的分度台或传动皮带的形式出现，其上放置了许多模具。将一个待充满的模具型腔放置在混合头和/或出口管下，经过足够长的一段时间后型腔被注满，然后移动模具载体，使已注满的型腔离开混合头，并将另一个未注射的模具型腔放置在混合头和/或出口管下。这样，就可以充满多个模具型腔。注满一个模具型腔所需要的时间基本上和每次的注射时间一致。当混合头保持固定时，模具载体以一定的周期运动，而使混合头停留在模具注射的位置。
如果混合头在注射结束后是完全空的，外界空气就会渗透到混合腔中。由于空气(即氧气和氮气)在成型塑料(例如多元醇-异氰酸酯)反应混合物中的溶解度很低，因此在注射开始注入原料成分时，反应混合物出现泡沫。为了避免在模制品中出现缺陷，必须在每次注射开始时收集这些泡沫并排除出去。
根据申请人在专利EP-A1033230号中的建议，在混合头上设置一个闭合元件，并将反应混合物的反应活动调节到两次注射之间的时间间隔内，就可以防止泡沫的形成。在此发明的工艺中，在注射结束和下次注射开始(从打开闭合元件开始)之间，闭合元件将混合腔的出口关闭，使得在两次注射之间混合腔保持注满状态。这种工艺需要有严格控制的循环时间和/或两次注射之间的间隔时间，以避免不经济的过长的凝固时间。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种生产塑料模制产品的工艺，当每次注射后混合腔是空的时，可以防止在注射开始时泡沫产生。
本发明的另一目的是一种用于生产塑料模制产品的设备，可以在注射开始时防止泡沫产生。
这些目的和其他目的对于本领域的技术人员是很明显的。通过在每次注射前从混合腔内排出任何外界空气，就可以达到这些目的和其他目的。
附图说明
图1显示了适用于实现本发明工艺的搅拌式混合头；
图2显示了适用于实现本发明工艺的另一种搅拌式混合头；
图3显示了适用于实现本发明工艺的高压注射式混合头；
图4显示了适用于实现本发明工艺的另一种高压注射式混合头；
图5显示了适用于实现本发明工艺的摩擦式混合头。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种由可流动多元醇-聚异氰酸酯反应混合物制成的聚氨酯模制产品的生产工艺。在此工艺中，各种成分在混合头的混合腔中混合形成可流动反应混合物，并通过例如出口管注入模具之中，从而可以注射生产出模制产品。在每次注射后混合腔基本上是完全空的。在此工艺中，至少在下次注射开始前，位于注射腔内的任何外界空气可被排出。
在本发明的一个实施例中，注射腔内的任何外界空气均被一种可溶于反应混合物的气体所代替。这种可溶于反应混合物的气体具有的溶解度和溶解速率最好能使开始时形成的泡沫能在模具注射时间内完全地溶解。二氧化碳就尤其适合作为这种可溶性气体。
为实现本发明，在注射结束，混合腔变成空的且混合头离开模具后，通常用足量的可溶气体(最好是二氧化碳)冲洗混合腔，使得外界空气被冲出混合腔外。
冲洗过程的强度和持续时间最好控制在使混合腔内的空气分压力(氧气和氮气的分压力之和)小于50毫巴，较理想为小于10毫巴，最好为小于3毫巴。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，在混合头的出口端设有一闭合元件。闭合元件最好采用横向于出口孔的滑板的形式。滑板可以直接设置在混合头的出口处，或者如果在混合头的下游设有出口管，滑板可以设置在出口管上混合头出口处下面的位置上。如果混合头、出口管，以及混合头和模具的安装点的外形结构允许的话，混合腔的闭合元件最好设置在混合腔的下方，且越下越好。
闭合元件的存在可以加快冲洗的过程。当闭合元件关闭时，渗入到混合头中的外界空气就会被抽出，然后注入可溶气体。
在本发明的另一实施例中，采用了具有闭合元件的混合头，混合头中的外界空气被真空所代替。为此，在混合腔中设有一阀控真空设备接头，接头通到一个将外界空气排出混合腔的真空泵。最好，在混合腔的真空阀上通过真空管路连接一真空罐。通过连续或间断操作真空泵来保持真空罐中的真空。
为实现本发明的工艺，在注射开始前，关闭混合腔的闭合元件，抽空混合腔中的气体，打开将反应混合物成分引入混合腔的阀。当反应混合物注满混合腔时闭合元件打开。
本发明工艺的各个连续步骤可以由相应电动或气动控制元件的电子驱动来控制。
本发明上述特征适用于混合多元醇和异氰酸酯的聚氨酯技术的所有混合器。
通过相应装置本发明可以十分简单地将混合头的混合腔体积减小到零。这种混合头的具体例子包括具有推杆和摩擦混合器的逆流式高压注射混合器。在这种混合器中，在混合腔的出口处设有一闭合元件。在注射开始前，闭合元件关闭，混合腔的体积减小到零，产生真空使得混合腔达到工作体积，反应混合物的成分注入，此时混合腔的出口仍关闭。当混合腔已注满后闭合元件打开。
在下文中结合图1到5对本发明进行更详细的说明。
图1显示了搅拌式混合头1的剖视图。所述混合头包括混合腔2，出口管3，多元醇和异氰酸酯的引入口4和5(最好是由阀控制)，以及搅拌器6。根据本发明，阀8控制气体从气体进口7中进入。可溶气体，最好是二氧化碳，从气体进口7被引入混合腔2中。
根据本发明，在注射开始前且反应成分引入口4和5处于关闭状态时，二氧化碳通过进口7和阀8被引入混合腔2中，在混合腔2中的任何外界空气被冲出到混合腔外。此步骤可以自动控制在更换模具时发生，不会损失任何时间。在外界空气被完全排出后开始注射，例如，操作反应成分引入口4和5的控制阀。
图2显示了和图1相似的搅拌式混合头1。图2中各标号所指意义和图1中的相同。在图2所示的混合头1中，混合腔2上另外设有滑板9形式的闭合元件。滑板9可以在双箭头10的方向上运动。在注射开始前滑板9处于图示的关闭位置。然后通过进口7和阀8抽空混合腔2。当混合腔中的压力达到小于50毫巴，较理想是小于10毫巴，最好是小于3毫巴时，反应成分入口4和5的控制阀打开。当混合腔内注满了反应混合物时，滑板9向左滑动并处于打开位置。
根据本发明，图2所示混合头也可以这样操作，即当抽空混合腔2后，二氧化碳开始经进口7进入混合腔2中。
图3显示了操作方式与图1所示混合头相似的高压注射式混合头1的剖视图。
图3所示的高压注射式混合头包括一圆柱形混合腔2，与混合腔邻接的出口管3，以及反应成分入口4和5(喷嘴)。反应成分通过入口4和5注入，其压力通常大于100毫巴。混合头还设有由液压驱动的推杆11，可沿混合腔2的轴线运动到出口管3的出口孔并将注射后剩余的反应混合物推出混合头外。混合头还设有由阀8控制的气体进口7，可溶气体即从此处引入。在注射开始前，混合腔2中的空气和出口管3都被二氧化碳所充满。在将混合腔2中的外界空气排出的过程中，推杆11最好运动到气体进口正上方的水平位置12处，以便引入二氧化碳。
图4显示了操作方式与图2所示混合头相似的高压注射式混合头1的剖视图。在本发明的此实施例中，高压注射式混合头具有一闭合滑板9，使得通过阀8控制的气体进口7可以抽空混合腔2中的气体，产生真空。
在本操作的另一模式中，在注射开始之前当闭合滑板9打开时，推杆11运动到闭合滑板9上表面，将空气从混合腔2中排出。然后闭合滑板9关闭，推杆11返回到工作位置(如图中所示)。高压注射阀(即反应成分入口4和5)打开。在混合腔注满之后，闭合滑板9打开。
在实现本发明的另一模式中，二氧化碳通过由阀控制的二氧化碳导管引入到已排空的混合腔2中。
图5显示了摩擦式混合头1。所述混合头包括混合腔2，其由一外圆锥混合腔壁和一互补的旋转体12形成。反应混合物经位于锥体底部的喷嘴(反应成分入口4和5)被注射进混合腔中，并由混合腔外壳和旋转体12之间的摩擦力混合。旋转体12通常的转速为每分10,000转。在注射结束后，旋转体12轴向运动，任何剩余的反应混合物被排出，混合腔的体积减小到零。根据本发明，在混合腔2的出口处设有闭合滑板9。在注射开始前，旋转体12运动到靠在混合腔壁上，从而将外界空气排出。闭合滑板9处于关闭位置，于是混合腔2被抽空。旋转体12回到工作位置并开始旋转。打开注射喷嘴(反应成分入口4和5)和闭合滑板9，就可以开始进行注射。
在摩擦式混合头的例子中，也可以将二氧化碳引入混合腔中，或者不用闭合滑板而只用二氧化碳来冲洗混合腔。
虽然在上文中对本发明进行了详细介绍以实现例证的目的，可以理解的是这些描述只用于说明的目的，除了应符合权利要求所作限制外，在不违背本发明的精神和范围的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以对其进行改动。

Claims (14)

1.一种由混合腔中的可流动多元醇-聚异氰酸酯反应混合物制成聚氨酯模制产品的生产工艺，包括：
a)将可流动性反应混合物注入模具，使得混合腔基本上是空的；
b)在步骤a)完成后，但在重复步骤a)前排出混合腔中的任何外界空气。
2.根据权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于，在步骤a)之前位于混合腔的出口处的闭合元件关闭，只有在混合腔被可流动性反应混合物注满后才打开。
3.根据权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于，在步骤b)中被排出的外界空气被可溶于反应混合物的气体所代替。
4.根据权利要求3所述工艺，其特征在于，所述可溶气体为二氧化碳。
5.根据权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于，在步骤a)之前，混合腔被可溶于反应混合物的气体冲洗。
6.根据权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于，在步骤b)中被排出的外界空气被真空所代替。
7.根据权利要求6所述工艺，其特征在于，所述真空是由与混合腔相连的真空罐和/或真空泵产生。
8.根据权利要求2所述工艺，其特征在于，所述混合腔为一具有推杆的逆流高压混合腔，在步骤a)之前推杆可以运动到闭合元件的位置，闭合元件关闭且推杆退回就可以形成真空。
9.根据权利要求1所述工艺，其特征在于，所述混合腔沿反应混合物的流动方向形成锥形，并具有一可沿轴向运动的相应的锥形旋转体。
10.根据权利要求9所述工艺，其特征在于，在步骤a)之前锥形旋转体轴向运动，使得混合腔的体积几乎减小到零，位于混合腔出口的闭合元件关闭，旋转体回到工作位置，形成真空。
11.一种用于注射生产聚氨酯模制产品的设备，包括：
a)一具有混合腔的混合头，所述混合腔上有一进口和出口；
b)一将反应混合物成分注入混合头的装置；
c)用于将任何混合腔中的混合物注入模具中的装置；
d)用于容纳混合腔中的混合物的模具；
e)一气体出口，用于在基本上所有反应混合物被排出混合腔中之后，排出混合头中的外界空气。
12.根据权利要求11所述设备，其特征在于，用于将任何混合腔中的混合物注入模具中的装置为一出口管。
13.根据权利要求11所述设备，其特征在于，用于将反应混合物成分注入混合头的装置为一注射喷嘴。
14.根据权利要求11所述设备，其特征在于，在混合腔的出口处设有一闭合元件。
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