CN1078379A - 具有侧边接缝的一次性内裤及其制造方法 - Google Patents

具有侧边接缝的一次性内裤及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1078379A
CN1078379A CN 92114551 CN92114551A CN1078379A CN 1078379 A CN1078379 A CN 1078379A CN 92114551 CN92114551 CN 92114551 CN 92114551 A CN92114551 A CN 92114551A CN 1078379 A CN1078379 A CN 1078379A
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covering layer
inner covering
border area
outer cover
vertical border
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CN 92114551
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Inventor
R·P·布里奇斯
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Publication of CN1078379A publication Critical patent/CN1078379A/zh
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Abstract

一种制造由具有一对接缝的熔融边底片构成的 一次性衣服的方法及其产品。接缝是通过将底片在 裆部折叠从而使前部的纵向边区与后部的纵向边区 重叠而形成接缝区;每个接缝区用足够的超声波能量 进行处理以切断在第一区的接缝区的材料,同时将与 第一区相邻的边缘区中的接缝区材料粘结,以形成无 凸缘接缝,该接缝从一次性衣服上延伸出1/16″或 更少,最好是1/32″或更少,在优选实施例中,该接 缝形成底片的前部与后部的连接部分。接缝区包括 多层聚合材料,在一个优选实施例中,其由100%的 聚丙烯纤维无纺织物构成。

Description

本发明涉及具有固定衣面的一次性服装,穿着者是通过将腿伸入腿部管口并将该一次性服装提起到穿着者下身处而穿用的。举例讲这样的一次性服装包括一次性儿童内衣(如,儿童短衫)或一次性成人内衣;以及一次性女用紧身短裤,它们可与月经用品,如止血棉条或卫生布一起用。本发明特别是涉及一次性吸湿物品,如培养小孩良好的大小便习惯用的训练衬裤,大小便失禁患者用的服装(紧身衬裤或三角裤)以及诸如此类者,并且它们具有可拆的边缝。
婴幼儿和其他大小便失禁者穿戴一次性吸湿物品以接受并容纳尿及其它体内排泄物。具有固定里外面的吸湿用品已广泛用于培养儿童养成良好的大小便习惯这方面。这是因为很需要有一种吸湿用品,其外观和感觉非常像正规的服装以使尚在受良好的大小便习惯培养的孩子能将具与尿布区分开来,从而容易适应穿用内裤。固定的面可拆是很必要的,从而使吸湿用品能够易于拿掉。这是特别重要的,因为当吸湿物品弄脏后,如果吸湿物品必须采用从一条腿或两条腿上脱下来的办法来拿掉的话,脏物就会扩散并涂抹得到处都是。
具有可拆式边缝的一次性内衣的例子可见于1980年6月3日授权给瑞普克(Repke)等人的美国专利US-4,205,679中。瑞普克等人的专利中公开了一种用于培养婴幼儿具有良好大小便习惯或便溺失禁的成人使用的整体型一次性内衣,其上具有粘在胶粘带上的织物,它比织物本身耐磨,所以当内衣弄脏后可沿其接缝将内衣撕开从而易于拿掉它。
另一具有可拆边缝的一次性服装见于1982年10月26日授权给乔恩(Jone)等人的美国专利US-4,335,425。制作这种紧身短衬裤时首先将其对折使衬裤的里面向外,横边彼此相邻。然后将折叠的衬裤的横边粘接,缝上,热封,或类似的处理,使之形成折缝或翅缝。再将衬裤翻过来使衬裤的外面向外,折边在成品的里面。在其优选实施例中横边用一个带有一个0.5英吋宽、7英吋长的角形附件的超声波焊接器封合,该机器在封合衬裤边沿时可同时修剪边沿上多余的材料。
1986年9月9日授权给拉弗劳尔(LaFleur)等人的美国专利US-4,610,680,展示了一种一次性训练衬裤,它可以打开以方便地从穿着者身上拿掉。在一个实施例中,一次性衬裤包括一根撕绳,其结合强度大于衬裤材料,腰带材料和腿带材料。拉扯这根撕绳就会使该撕绳沿其整个长度将衬裤材料割开或撕裂,从而使其变为至少两片。在另一实施例中,衬裤带有由钧或软绒粘条扣合的折边,这样使得该一次性内裤可以打开成至少两片。
1986年10月28日授权给罗伯特(Robert)的美国专利US-4,619,649展示了一种包含可拆边缝的一次性训练内裤。这些缝是由若干层内裤材料相叠而成的,可以缝上,热封或粘合。如果是缝合的缝,可以沿缝合处拉扯使缝从腰部系带到腿部系带分开从而打开内裤。如果缝是热封的或粘合的,穿孔可以用来使缝分开。
1988年5月31日授权给布兰德(Boland)等人的美国专利US-4,747,846,公开了一种带有可手动分开的边缝的一次性内裤。这些边缝是通过声焊,垫封或胶粘接合的。它们可以是向内延展或向外延展的折缝或凸缝,或者也可是重叠结构。这些边缝可用手分开,或换一种方式,这些边缝可以在与其邻接的边片上包含若干穿孔。
在美国专利US-4,641,381(1987年2月10日授予黑翰(Heran)等人)中揭示了一种具有可拆式边缝的一次性内裤,其中乔恩(Jones)等人的向内延展的折边或凸缝具有一约为1/16英吋到1/8英吋宽的“粘合部分”和一约为1/8英吋到3/8英吋宽的“边缘部分”以形成约为3/16英吋到1/2英吋宽的向内延伸的折边。
1986年9月9日授权给斯托比恩(Strohbeen)等人的美国专利US-4610681公开了一种具有乔恩式折边或翅缝的训练内裤,但其边缘是向外延展的。
另一个可打开的一次性训练内裤的例子参见1990年3月20日授权给道格拉斯(Douglas)是美国专利US-4,909,804。该一次性训练内裤的缝是用针线缝的,并且向内。如果该内裤被脏物弄脏,可以很容易地沿裤料的整个缝或内裤层扯开缝纫部分而在边缝撕开,这是由于裤料性脆,可以在边缝处撕开。
一次性训练内裤的另一个问题是它们必须按一系列不同的尺码来制造,以满足不同年龄的要培训的孩子。因此,为了完全满足顾客的需要,一次性训练内裤的制造商必须有许多套不同的生产设备以生产不同尺码的产品。所以很需要有一种设计、使制造商能够造出大小可适应很宽年龄段的儿童、能基本满足顾客要求的普适号型的训练内裤。这就要求这种训练内裤,小点的孩子穿时不下垂,下跌或从下身处滑下,在腰部,腿部要舒适、贴身、而大点的孩子穿时并不刺激腰部,腿部和裆部的皮肤。所以这种一次性训练内裤在穿着者的腰部和腿部必须是可弹性伸缩的,并且弹性件要具有高强度。
以前的训练内裤是在训练内裤中设置一些弹性件而使其可弹性伸缩的,因而腰部开口处及腿部开口处至少有一部分是由弹性带环绕的。这种使用弹性件的方法参见瑞普克(Repke)等人的专利US-4,205,679;拉弗劳尔(LaFleur)的专利US-4610,680;斯托比恩(Strohbeen)等人的专利US-4,610,681;黑翰(Heran)等人的专利US-4,641,381;道格拉斯(Douglas)的专利US-4,909,804;和麦耶(Meyer)的专利US-4,960,414。
另一种使一次性训练内裤具有弹性的方法参见范·高姆派尔(Van  Gompel)等人的专利US-4,490,464;4,938,753;和4,938,757,这些专利中公开了一种内裤型的服装,在服装主体的边沿上装设了分离的弹性件。
虽然根据上述办法做出的训练内裤允许吸湿用品在大小上有少许变化,但由于所用弹性件强度不高,及由于边部衣片不具有弹性伸缩性,或者在附件区域带有弹性边片元件而其限制了弹性边片元件的弹性,所以由这些具体方法制作的训练内裤限制在它们适穿的尺寸之内。
所以本发明的一个目的是提供一种生产一次性服装的方法,如生产一次性训练内裤所生产的这种一次性服装具有可拆的、无摺边的接缝,它能比已有技术中缝纫或胶粘的缝更快,更容易生产,并且提供的产品在外观上更像服装,而比已有技术中的热封或超声波封合的缝刺激性更小。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有可拆的,无摺边的接缝的一次性服装,如一次性训练内裤。
根据本发明,提供了一种制作具有无摺边,可拆的接缝的一次性服装的方法,如生产训练内裤,大小便失禁者使用的服装以及类似的服装。该方法包括,提供一个由聚合材料构成的底片,将机械能注入到底片的聚合材料中以形成由一部分熔凝的聚合材料构成的无摺接缝,该接缝从服装上延伸出来约1/16英吋或更少一些。可取的是,该接缝从衣服上只延伸出1/32英吋或更少。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,接缝由熔凝的聚合材料构成,它将底片的前部和后部拼接起来。
尽管本发明的一次性服装可以采用许多种形式,但它更可取的是包括一条弹性腰带、两条弹性的裤腿翻边和由下片,上片和吸收芯构成的吸湿物。
虽然由结束说明书的权利要求书具体指出并限定了构成本发明的主题内容,但可以相信,从以下结合附图所作的描述中可以更好地理解本发明,在附图中,相同的标号代表基本相同的部件,其中
图1是本发明的一次性训练内裤实施例的透视图,其形状恰如穿着时的状态;
图2是本发明的训练内裤实施例的底片的平面图,其中有局部是剖面图以显示其下面的结构,远离视者的表面构成一次性服装的外表面;
图3是沿图2中剖面线3-3所作的底片的局部剖视图;
图4是图2中底片沿剖面线4-4所作局部剖视图;
图5是图2中底片的平面图,其中裆部是折叠的,它使前部与后部相互叠合起来;
图5A是图5中折叠的底片沿图5中剖面线5A-5A所作的局部剖视图。
图6是用于制作本发明的接缝的一个超声波装置的侧面正视图;
图6A是图6中装置沿剖线6A-6A所作的局部剖面图;
图7和图7A是本发明另一实施例纵向侧边区域的局部剖面图;
图8是使用了真空织物约束系统的装置简化的透视图,所说系统利用互相啮合的波纹轧辊机械拉伸底片织物的某一部分;
图8A是沿图8中剖线8A-8A的简单示图,它显示了导辊用来将底片织物卷到下面的带波纹的主动轧辊上的方式;
图8B是图8插口8B处的放大示意图,表示了当“零张力”拉伸的底片织物叠层部分从波纹轧辊间经过时波纹轧辊相互之间啮合的程度;
图9是本发明的另一织物约束系统的简化的透视图,该系统用于这里所涉及的增加拉伸的过程;
图9A是图9中插口9A处简化的放大横截面剖视图、剖线沿上主动波纹轧辊和下主动波纹轧辊的中心连线。
图10是本发明另一实施例中的底片的剖面图。
图11是本发明又一实施例中的底片的剖面图。
参见附图,图1为一次性服装的透视图。一次性服装就是那种用后即扔的服装(即它不再洗涤或者收藏起来或者再次使用)。该一次性服装带有一吸湿组件,它放在非常贴近穿着者身体的位置以吸收和容纳人体的各种排泄物。图1表示的是本发明的一次性服装的一个优选实施例,一次性训练内裤20。图1中的训练内裤20包括一底片14,无褶的接缝10,和一吸湿组件22。
图2是图1中的一次性内衣20在底片14的前部56和后部58是连一起之前的局部截开的透视图。本发明的底片14最好是具有对称的变型的沙漏形状,底片14至少有一个前部56,一个后部58,一个裆部57和纵向边部88,并且至少在纵向边部88处是由聚合材料构成的以便于接缝加工工序、这将在以下详细说明。吸湿组件22安放在底片14上。
如图2所示,底片14的一个优选实施例包括一个外覆盖层48和一内覆盖层46,及安放在内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48之间的弹性边片件90,弹性腰带件76和弹性绞线105。
外覆盖层48就是底片14上构成一次性训练内裤20的外面的部分,即不挨着穿着者的那面。外覆盖层48穿着服贴,感觉柔软并且对穿着者的皮肤无刺激作用,合适的外覆盖层可以由许多种材料制造,如塑料薄膜;或天然纤维(如羊毛或棉纤维),合成纤维(如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维),或天然与合成纤维混合的机织或非机织织物。最好,外覆盖层48是疏水的,由包含显著量的热塑纤维,典型量为50%或更多,最可取的是100%,的材料构成。可取的是外覆盖层由聚丙烯纤维的已梳的非机织织物构成。一种适合的外覆盖层可采用兰迪斯威尔联合股份公司斯科无纺织品工厂(Scott  Nonwovens  of  Landisville,NJ)生产的6700系列无纺织物。
内覆盖层46是底片14上构成一次性训练内裤20的里面的部分,它至少与穿着者的腰部和腿部相接触。内覆盖层也是穿着服贴,感觉柔软并对穿着者的皮肤无刺激作用。合适的内覆盖层46可以用许多种材料制作,如塑料薄膜;或天然纤维(例如,羊毛或棉纤维)、合成纤维(如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维),或天然与合成纤维混合的机织物或无纺织物。可取的是,内覆盖层46由含有显著量的热塑纤维的材料制成,其中热塑纤维的典型含量是50%或更多,最好是100%。可取的是内覆盖层也采用聚丙烯纤维的已梳的无纺织物,更可取的是,内覆盖层46采用与外覆盖层48相同的材料来制作。一种合适的内覆盖层材料为兰德威尔联合股份公司斯科特无纺织物工厂(Scott  Nonwovens  of  Landisville,NJ)生产的6700系列无纺织物。
内覆盖层46最好与外覆盖层48邻接,并且最好采用已有技术中众所周知的连接方式(未画出)连接在一起。例如,内覆盖层46可以采用均匀连续的胶层,纹胶层,或是一排分开的线,螺纹或点阵的胶层粘到外覆盖层48上。已经发现令人满意的胶是埃尔姆格洛夫,威恩康辛的芬德列胶厂(Findley  Adhesives  of  Elm  Grove,Wisconsin)生产的芬德列(Findley)2031号胶。换一种方法,连接方式可以包括热粘结,压力粘结,超声波粘结,动力机械粘结,或任何其它适合的连接方式,或已有技术中可知的这些连接方式的结合。如这里所用的,术语“连接的”包括一个部件通过直接固定在另一个部件上的方式直接安放在另一部件上的结构,和一个部件通过固定在依次固定在另一部件的中间件上而间接安放在另一部件上的结构。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48是通过直接将它们连接到弹性边片件90,弹性腰带件76,和弹性绞线105上而间接连接在一起的,并且在从弹性边片件90,弹性腰带件76和弹性绞线105延伸出来的区域上直接连接在一起。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,至少在底片的一个部分,内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48须经过机械拉伸以提供一个形成弹性边片30的“零张力”拉伸叠层。因此,较可取地内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48是可拉伸的,最好是塑性的,但不必是弹性的,因而内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48,经过机械拉伸后,至少在一定程度上是处在永久拉伸状态从而不再完全恢复到原始未变形的结构。在优选实施例中,内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48能够经过机械拉伸而不产生过度断裂或撕开。因此最可取的是内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48在机器拉伸方向(横向)具有低的屈服强度。
一次性训练内裤20的底片14最好还包括弹性裤腿翻边32以更有效地容纳液体和其它人体排泄物。每个弹性裤腿翻边32可以有许多不同的实施例用来减少在腿部人体排泄物的溢漏。(裤腿翻边可以作为有时也称作腿带、边片,挡边和弹性翻边)1975年1月14日授权给布勒(Buell)的发明名称为“一次性尿布的可收缩边部”的美国专利US-3,860,003中,公开了一种一次性尿布,其可收缩的裤腿开口处具有一个边片和一个或多个弹性件以构成一弹性的腿部翻边(密封翻边)。1990年3月20日授予阿齐兹(A212)和布兰尼(Blaney)的发明名称为“具有弹性片的一次性吸湿物品”的美国专利US-4,909,803中公开了一种一次性尿布,它具有“立起米”的弹性片(阻挡翻边)以改进腿部的包容能力。1987年9月22日授予劳逊(Lawson)的发明名称为“具有双重翻边的吸湿物品”的美国专利US-4,695,278中公开了一种一次性尿布,它具有两层翻边,一层为密封翻边,一层为阻挡翻边。1987年11月3日授予布勒(Buell)的发明名称为“一次性腰部接容服装”的美国专利US-4,704,115中公开了一种一次性尿布或大小便失禁者用内裤,它具有防止边沿溢漏的沟槽构造以容纳内裤里的自由液体。这些专利中的每个都被加以参考。虽然各个弹性裤腿翻边32可以制成与腰带,边片,阻挡翻边或弹性边等上述任何一种类似的结构,但可取的是每个弹性腿部翻边32包括至少一个边片104,其中带有一个或多个弹性绞线105。
一次性训练内裤20的底片14还最好包括一个至少在后部58中设置在一次性训练内裤20端缘64邻近处的弹性腰带34,最好是有一个设置在前部56和后部58中的弹性腰带34。一次性训练内裤20的腰带就是贴近穿着者腰部的部分。弹性腰带34提供了这样一个部件,它保持一定面积的覆贴部分与穿着者的腰部接触,并且至少可在横向上弹性延伸从而可动态紧贴在穿着者的腰部并动态适应穿着者的腰部曲线从而改善贴紧状况。因此,腰带一般就是一次性训练内裤20上从其端缘64至少延伸到吸湿芯28的腰部边沿83的部分。虽然弹性腰带34可以包括一个固定到一次性训练内裤20的底片14上的分离部件,但可取的是腰带为一次性训练内裤20的其它部分,如内覆盖层46,外覆盖层48或这些部分和夹在其中的弹性材料的任意组合的延伸部分。另外,吸湿组件22的上片24和下片26,可以由吸湿芯28的边缘延伸出去,并夹带一弹性材料以形成一个弹性腰带。一次性训练内裤经常做成具有两处弹性腰带,一个位于前部56中,一个位于后部58中。该一次性训练内裤20至少在后部58的中央区域68中设置有至少一个弹性腰带34。可取的是,如图2所示,另一个弹性腰带设置在前部56。可取的是,两个弹性腰带34都设置在弹性边片30之间。
弹性腰带34可以用许多不同的构造构成,包括这里所提及的有关弹性边片的那些构造。在如图2所示的本发明的一个优选实施例中,弹性腰带34包含一个放置在内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48之间的弹性腰带件76,在起作用上它与内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48,一或两者都是相关联的并收拢一次性训练内裤20的前部56和后部58,这里所用的这样一种弹性腰带的例子为1985年5月7日授予凯威特(Kievit)和奥斯特哈哥(Osterhage)的发明名称为“带有弹性可收缩腰带的一次性尿布”的美国专利US-4,515,595中公开的弹性腰带,其专利这里作为参考。
任何本领域中已知的适合的弹性材料可以用作本发明的弹性腰带件76。适合的弹性材料的例子包括弹性薄膜,弹性泡沫如聚氨脂泡沫或交联键的天然橡胶泡沫;成形的弹性稀布;弹性薄膜如热收缩的弹性材料;弹性薄膜叠层如一层热收缩性弹性薄膜和一弹性件;弹性拉伸叠层如以下所描述的“零张力”拉伸叠层或机械拉伸的预拉伸叠层;及用橡胶合成弹力纤维(LYCPA)或其它材料制成的弹性绞线。在优选实施例中,该弹性腰带件76由热收缩弹性薄膜制成。
在另一个实施例中,弹性腰带34和弹性边片30可以通过将一片弹性材料放入一次性训练内裤20后部58的边片72和中央区域68中及将一片弹性材料放入一次性训练内裤20前部56的边片72和中央区域68中而构成。因此弹性腰带34和弹性边片30可以用同样的材料构成以形成整体化的结构。
在一个优选实施例中,一次性内裤还包括弹性边片30,它设置在前部56和后部58中。如这里所用的,术语“设置”表示该一次性内裤的一个部件(或一些)与一次性内裤的其它部件一起作为一个整体构成在(连接在和位于)一个特殊的地方或位置,或是作为一个分离的部件与一次性内裤的另一部件相连。弹性边片30使之具有弹性延展特性,这使得穿着者刚穿上一次性内裤感到十分舒适和贴身,并且由于弹性边片使一次性内裤的边缘可以延伸和收缩,所以当一次性内裤中盛装了排泄物时仍能保持贴身状态。虽然本发明的一次性训练内裤20中的弹性边片30最好是设置在前部56和后部58两者之中,可是,一次性训练内裤中的弹性边片30也可以只设置在前部56中或只在后部58中。
一次性训练内裤20的弹性边片30可以用许多种结构构成。在其吊耳处带有弹性材料的一次性物品的例子可参见1989年8月15日授予伍德(Wood)等人的发明名称为“带有可松紧的吊耳的一次性尿布”的美国专利US-4,857,067。另一方面弹性边片30还可以有其它许多结构,例如,1983年5月3日授予Sciaraffa等人的专利US-4,381,781中公开了一种具有弹性腰带的吸湿物品,其中弹性件位于吸湿物品的上片和下片的开口处从而弹性件的拉伸不再受到非弹性材料的约束。尽管Sciaffra等人的专利指出吸湿物品的下片和下片在这些与弹性件相一致的区域移动的临界状态,但令人满意的弹性性能当只有一个或没有上片与下片的重合部分被移动时,特别是当包括弹性件的吸湿物品织物部分经过以下部分描述的递增的机械拉伸操作时也能得到。显示弹性边片的吸湿物品的另一个例子参见1990年7月3日授予范高姆派(Van  Gompel)等人的专利US-4,938,753。这个专利公开了一种带有可拉伸的边片的内裤或服装,其中可拉伸边片是通过将分离的可拉伸件安到服装主体的边沿上构成的。故此,本发明的弹性边片30可以由与底片14相连的分开的可弹性延展材料或叠层构成。如图1和图2所示,每个弹性边片30最好包括一个与之连系的弹性边片件90。
如图2所示,每个边片72包括底片14上从中央区域68开始横向向外延伸到其纵向边部88这一部分。边片72一般从底片14的端沿64纵向延伸到底片14的纵向边沿62部分,它形成了腿部开口(纵向边沿62的这一段标示为腿部边沿106)。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,每个边片都由内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48延伸出底片14的中央区域68的部分构成。
在一本发明优选实施例中,弹性边片件90与一次性训练短裤20在边片72处联结着,边片72最好是在内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48之间,从而弹性边片件90使得弹性边片30可以在横向弹性伸缩(横向弹性可伸缩)。如这里所用的,术语“弹性伸缩”表示底片的一段或一部分在拉力(典型是对于边片和腰带的横向拉力)作用时至少在一个方向上(对于边片和腰带来说最好是横向)是可以拉的,并且当拉力消失时可恢复到大约最初的尺寸和结构。通常本发明所用的弹性材料在经受大约5秒钟或更少的时间以内的拉伸并立即释放可恢复到至少大约最初结构的75%(即“瞬间”弹性)。
弹性边片件90可以采用许多不同的方式放进边片72中。例如,弹性边片件90可以在弹性可收缩条件下与其连接从而弹性边片件90可收拢或收缩边片72(关于弹性材料在弹性收缩状态下放入的方法的更详细的描述可以参看1975年1月14日授予布勒(Buell)的专利US-3,860,003和1978年3月28日授予布勒(Buell)的专利US-4,081,301,这两个专利都被用作参考),例如,弹性边片件90可以通过横向延展弹性边片件90而可收缩地固定在边片72上,可以使弹性边片件90连到内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48两者上或两者之一上并使弹性边片件90取其可松弛或收缩的取向。
换一种方式,弹性边片件90可以在不可收缩状态下放入,然后经处理后可收缩。例如,弹性边片件90可以由不定向收缩并经过特殊处理如热处理后变成有弹性的材料来制作。这种材料的例子可见于1974年6月25日授予Massengale等人的专利US-3,819,401和1975年10月14日授予Koch等人的专利US-3,912,565中。关于采用热收缩弹性件的方法的详细叙述参看1985年5月7日授予Kievit和Osterhage的美国专利4,515,595,该专利这里也用作参考。典型地,弹性边片件90和任何其它的部件(如内覆盖层46,外覆盖层48,上片24,下片26等)都在非收缩状态下固定在一起。然后这个叠层被热处理(如用热空气)、这样弹性边片件就可在其可松弛或收缩的取向上恢复。
在一特别优选的实施例中,弹性边片件90是在其基本无张力状态下把弹性边片件90与内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48或两者之一连接而放入边片72中的。制成的合成弹性叠层中包含弹性边片件90,其中至少一部分须经机械拉伸足以使叠层的内覆盖层和外覆盖层(非弹性件)呈永久拉伸状态。然后合成的弹性叠层恢复到其基本上无张力的状态。于是,弹性边片被制成“零张力”拉伸叠层。(换一种方式,弹性边片件可在绷紧状态下放入,然后经过机械拉伸,尽管这不比“零张力”拉伸叠层更可取)如这里所用的,术语“零张力”拉伸叠层指的是由至少两层材料组成的叠层,它们在基本上无张力(“零张力”)条件下沿其共同延展表面的至少一部分上互相连接;叠层之一由一层可拉伸并且具有弹性(即在所加的张力撤消后可基本上恢复到其无张力作用时的状态)的材料构成,另一层则是可拉伸的(但不必具有弹性),从而在其被拉伸后至少有一定程度的保持其拉伸效果,在所加张力放松后,它不会完全恢复到其原始的无变形的状态,结果“零张力”拉伸叠层至少在初始拉伸状态在初始拉伸的方向上变得具有弹性和可延展性。此种“零张力”拉伸叠层的例子可见于1937年3月30日授予Galligan的专利US-2,075,189;1962年3月13日授予Harwood的专利US-3,025,199;1978年8月15日授予Sisson的专利US-4,107,364;1980年6月24日授予Sisson的专利US-4,209,563;1989年5月30日授予Sabee的专利US-4,834,741;上述这些专利均作为参考。
用于制造由内覆盖层、外覆盖层和放在其中的弹性件组成的“零张力”拉伸叠层的特别可取的方法和装置是采用相互啮合的波纹轧辊来机械拉伸这些部件。关于机械拉伸尿布各部分的适合的方法与装置的讨论可参见前面所叙述的专利US-4,107,364(1978年8月15日授予Sisson)和专利US-4,834,741(1989年5月30日授予Sabee)。特别可取的装置和方法公开在下列尚在审理中,共同转让的专利申请中,1991年2月28日Gerald.M.Weber等人申请,P&G案号4339,发明名称为“用于递增拉伸零张力拉伸叠层织物以使其具有弹性的改进的方法和装置”序列号为No-07/662,536,的专利申请;1991年2月28日Kenneth.B.Buell等人申请的,P&G案号4340,发明名称为“以非均匀方式递增拉伸零张力拉伸叠层织物以使其具有变化程度不同的弹性的改进的方法和装置”序列号为No-07/662,537的专利申请;1991年2月28日Gerald.M.Weber等人申请的,P&G案号4341,发明名称为“连续拉伸零张力拉伸叠层织物但不撕裂该织物而使其具有弹性的改进的方法及装置”,序列号为No-07/662,543的专利申请;上述每个申请的说明书和附图这里引作参考。
可用于制作本发明的“零张力”拉伸叠层弹性边片的特别优选的递增拉伸系统细节示于图8中。已组合好的包括“零张力”边片织物的底片织物810从该递增拉伸系统中穿过。
参见图8,包含基本无张力的弹性边片件(弹性补片804)的底片织物810进入拉伸系统的时机的选择是这样的,当底片织物810经过上主动波纹轧辊825的波纹段824与带有连续波纹或槽的下主动波纹轧辊821时,基本无张力的弹性补片804与上主动波纹轧辊825上的波纹或带槽段824相叠合。
虽然上主动和下主动波纹轧辊的附加沟槽的精确结构,间隔和深度可以依赖诸如所需要的“零张力”拉伸叠层部分的弹性这样的因素而改变,但在本发明的一个特别优选实施例已经采用的是槽的峰峰间距近似为0.150英吋,两峰之间所测的角度约为12度,槽的峰谷深度近似为0.300英吋。上述波纹轧辊上每个波纹外峰典型的半径为0.010英吋,同时相邻波纹之间形成的内槽的半径近似为0.040英吋。当波纹轧辊调整到其相对峰彼此重叠深度为约0.150到0.175英吋时,就会在本发明的包含35-50密耳厚的弹性橡胶泡沫补片的叠层织物中造成良好的弹性性能,这些补片基本连续地贴在每平方码净重约20-30克的由聚丙烯纤维构成的无纺内覆盖层和无纺外覆盖层的相对表面上。
上述波纹轧辊的相对峰的重叠程度当然可以按照所需要的加以调整,以使制成的“零张力”拉伸叠层织物具有多点或少点可延展性。对于上述轧辊几何形状和叠层织物的结构,峰一峰重叠深度可以从小到约0.050英吋到大到0.225英吋之间变化调整。
如从图8A中能看到的,底片织物810由从动轮872和874带动卷到下主动波纹轧辊821上并足以覆盖住下主动轧辊821上紧挨着各组连续沟槽823的真空部分822(图8中所示)。真空部分822的位置基本上与上主动波纹轧辊825上的带槽段824重台,并通过轧辊821与一对真空管826内部相连,该真空部分当底片织物810受到上主动波纹轧辊825上的沟槽段824作用时,可对底片织物810产生真空吸力。
为了减小用于将未绷紧的弹性补片804固定在内覆盖层织物805和外覆盖层织物806上的胶或用于将内覆盖层织物与外覆盖层织物上重合的部分相互固定在一起的胶的积累,上主动轧辊825上的沟槽段824和下主动轧辊821上的连续的槽823可以用低摩擦材料,如泰弗隆(TEFLON),构成或用自润滑的低摩擦材料,如Permalon  No.503喷涂覆盖,这可从Morris,Illinois微表面(Micro  Surface)公司得到。
下主动轧辊821上的真空部分822可取的是由多孔材料,如0.090英吋蜂窝网844来覆盖,以支持真空吸力作用的底片织物810部分,并提供一良好的擦紧织物表面从而基本上可防止当织物被真空吸力作用时产生横向滑移或从蜂窝网表面上移动。
在最佳情况下,可以作用到包括弹性补片804的边片的“零张力”部分上的递增拉伸的最大程度由上主动波纹轧辊825上的带槽段824与下主动波纹轧辊821上连续的槽823相互啮合的深度决定,但是,已经发现,除非能充分地防止拉伸叠层织物在基本平行于织物拉伸的方向上当织物从相互啮合的波纹轧辊之间经过时产生滑移或收缩,否则递增拉伸的最佳程度是实现不了的。所以,按其最可取的形式,递增织物拉伸操作是在所有三层包含“零张力”拉伸叠层材料的最外部被限制住时进行的,如图8B横截面剖图所示,基本上防止了底片织物的“零张力”拉伸叠层部分在平行于所要求的拉伸方向上当其经过两组顺序就位的相互咬合的波纹轧辊时产生滑移或收缩。
然而,如果需要的话,本发明也可以仅仅限制可拉伸或塑性层或组合层,即在递增拉伸操作中并不是绝对需要限制弹性补片的最外部分,这样对于具体操作是很有好处的。在后一例子中,可拉伸或塑性层或一些层仍是在递增拉伸过程中被永久拉伸的,但在制成的“零张力”拉伸叠层织物中Z-方向上的隆起当拉伸张力撤去后其显著程度会有一些减小。这是由于弹性补片在这样的过程中只经受了较小程度的初始拉伸。所以,当它恢复到它未被作用时的结构时只能经受同样大小的收缩。
前述类型的“零张力”拉伸叠层的实施例也还可能在拉长的织物中产生一定程度的不成比例的局部的张力,特别是在紧挨着弹性补片相对边缘的区域。在不透明的聚合物内覆盖层或外覆盖层织物情况下,这些具有不成比例的张力部分会变得足够薄以至少尽管尚未发生断裂但却呈现为是透明的。这种情况下,底片织物上“零张力”拉伸叠层部分的功能性(如不渗透性)是不减少的。后一种类型的实施例一般用于这些场合,制成的一次性内裤上“零张力”拉伸部分的美观由于其设计或结构是看不出来的,或既使是可以看见的,但这对于一次性内裤的穿着者是无关紧要的。
在又一个本发明的实施例中,既使拉长的非弹性织物的一层或多层破裂,也不会使得制成的“零张力”拉伸叠层织物不能用于其设计目的(如,在由叠层织物的一部分所形成的吸湿组件的下片或上片的部分中,下片织物或上片织物破裂不一定会破坏叠层织物实现其设计目的的功能,只要叠层织物的其他层中有一层能够在制成的物品中提供所需的功能)。例如,如果弹性补片由不透液体的材料构成的话,拉长的下片织物一定程度的破裂并不破坏制成的底片织物的不可渗透性。对于在上述层与层之间使用基本连续胶粘连接的这些“零张力”拉伸叠层织物的实施例来说尤为如此,因为一次性内裤的最终使用者很难察觉出这种在递增拉伸之后这些层与层之间相当紧密的胶粘所产生的层间的破坏。
图8-8B中所示真空部分822通过多孔的蜂窝状材料844作用到底片织物810上的吸力,基本上可以防止当底片从下主动波纹轧辊821上的连续沟槽部分823与上主动波纹轧辊825上的沟槽段824的咬合部分经过时,包含基本上无张力的弹性补片804的底片的那些部分在横向向内的方向上的滑移或收缩。
因为包括弹性补片804的底片织物810的“零张力”拉伸叠层部分在进行连续拉伸操作时受到横向的制束作用,所以当该织物从下主动波纹轧辊821上的连续沟槽823与上主动波纹轧辊825的沟槽段824的啮合部分中间经过时,“零张力”拉伸叠层织物位于制束作用点中间的所有部分都经受到基本上均匀的递增拉伸。
这不仅通过迫使拉长的内覆盖层和外覆盖层固定在弹性补片上以承受拉伸操作中最大可能限度的拉伸使得递增拉伸操作的效果最强,而且基本上防止了固定在紧挨着弹性补片周边部分的区域的内覆盖层和/或外覆盖层织物不均衡的高张力分布。
图9公开了另一可被应用的递增织物拉伸系统。在图9所示的递增织物拉伸系统中,紧挨着上主动波纹轧辊925的沟槽段924两边安装了一对弹性压缩盘940。压缩盘940的直径足够大使其能紧紧卡住底片织物910并将其卡紧在下主动波纹轧辊921的相应的无槽部分,如图9A横截面图所示。如同图8中实施例中的真空部分与多孔蜂窝材料一样,由压缩盘940和对应的下主动轧辊921的无槽部分所产生的夹紧作用基本上能防止包括弹性补片904的底片织物910部分在平行于拉伸的方向当织物经过啮合的波纹轧辊中间时发生收缩。图9中的实施例可同样方便地用于由透气或不透气的织物构成的叠层结构。
本领域的技术人员会同意,前面所说的约束方法可以单独使用或彼此结合使用而生产出这里所描述的制成的底片织物中的“零张力”拉伸叠层部分所具有的优点。
从这里所包括的叙述,很清楚的是这个改进的方法和装置可用于方便地生产各种的一次性服装,其中包含全部或只包含一个或几个分立的,单独的“零张力”拉伸叠层织物部分。
还应该认识到,虽然在附图中显示的一对啮合的波纹轧辊的波纹基本是彼此平行排列的,本发明还可以同样方便地采用一对波纹并不是彼此平行取向的轧辊。此外,在这样成对的波纹轧辊上的波纹也不需要必须排列的平行于机器或与机器的方向相垂直。例如,如果在采用所述的“零张力”拉伸叠层技术所构成的一次性服装中需要一条曲线的腰带或腿带部分,用于递增拉伸该底片织物的“零张力”叠层织物部分的一对波纹轧辊上的啮合可以按所要求的曲线结构排列以使之沿所希望的曲线轮廓而不是沿一条直线产生弹性。
还应认识到,虽然这里所公开的优选的方法采用啮合的圆柱体形波纹轧辊,织物约束原理仍是可以适用的,即采用啮合板来递增拉伸上述物品或织物的“零张力”拉伸叠层部分从而实现间歇性压制操作。在后一种情况中,唯一的要求是所要递增拉伸的“零张力”拉伸叠层织物部分应在啮合的平板能够在织物上施加足够的力以使织物在平行于拉伸方向的方向滑动或收缩之前用适合的真空或扣紧装置把其充分地限制住。
弹性边片件90可以采用间断式粘胶结构或基本上连续的粘胶结构连接到内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48上或两者之一上。如这里所用的,“间断”式胶粘的叠层织物指的是这样的叠层层与层之间只在开始时在分开的分立点上粘住或是这样的叠层织物,其中在层与层之间在分散分开的区域上基本上是不用胶粘的。相反“基本连续”粘胶叠层织物意指叠层的各层之间的接触表面上开始时就几乎都连续地用胶粘住的叠层织物。间断式粘胶结构对于“零张力”叠层织物一般在下列情况下是需要的,叠层中基本无弹性的织物相对拉长或拉扯而不扯裂,及在制成的叠层中需要有很显著的Z方向隆起。连续式粘胶结构对于“零张力”叠层织物则一般在下列情况下需要,制成的叠层的Z方向隆起的程度不是很重要的,及一个或多个在叠层中的相对来讲无弹性织物如不扯裂就难于拉开或扯动。在后一种情形中基本连续胶粘结构在递增拉伸操作之后为保持叠层的所有层之间贴得相对紧一些。因此,既使一处或多处相对无弹性织物在递增拉伸操作过程中被扯裂损坏,由于相对无弹性织物破损的部分与弹性层之间粘得相对来说很紧致使使用者很难察觉有任何损破发生。由于相对无弹性织物的撕裂并不减损织物的设计功能,(如,不可渗透性),所以在递增拉伸操作中在成品中所造成的相对无弹性织物的破损一般不被认为是次品。
故而,在特别优选的“零张力”拉伸叠层中采用连续胶粘结会导致一个意料之外的优点就是它使得一次性内裤的制造商可在更宽的范围内选用相对无弹性织物,它可以很成功地用于本发明的叠层中。实质上,它允许那些一般被认为是不可能拉伸到任何程度的相对无弹性织物被用于本发明的“零张力”拉伸叠层织物中。因此,除非另有说明,术语“可拉伸的”如这里所用的,并不排除那些在递增拉伸操作中经受了减薄或损坏的相对无弹性的织物。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,弹性边片件90是基本连续地用胶粘在内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48上的。胶质敷贴机可以用来在外覆盖层48和/或内覆盖层46上那些设置有基本上无张力的弹性边片件90的区域上布下基本均匀和连续的胶层。在一特别优选的实施例中,胶选用弹性胶,胶质敷贴机包含一熔融喷嘴敷涂系统。
已经发现特别适于生产基本连续粘胶的“零张力”拉伸叠层织物的这种熔融式喷嘴胶质敷涂系统是由Gaimesville,Georgia的J  &  M实验室制造的No.GM-50-2-1-GH型熔融式喷嘴喷涂机。该系统使用了沿机器横截面方向测量,每一线性英吋上有20个小孔,每个小孔测量的直径近似为0.020英吋的喷嘴。将Findley  H-2247型热熔胶-这种胶可从威斯康欣州(Wisconsin).Elm  Grove的Findley胶厂得到,最好加热到大约340°F,然后涂到内覆盖层和/或外覆盖层上,比例为每平方英寸大约7.5-10毫克,加热的压缩空气,温度约为425°F,压力为50磅/平方英吋,通过胶喷嘴的第二级孔喷出,以使胶丝在涂敷操作中均匀分布。
另外,弹性边片件90和任何其他包括一次性训练内裤20的“零张力”部分的部件可以使用非加热胶,热粘胶,压力粘结,超声粘结、动力机械粘结,或任何本领域中所知的方法间断地或连续地粘结在一起。
弹性边片件90可以采用许多种不同的型号形状,结构及材料。例如,弹性边片30可以由与每个边片72相连的一个或多个弹性边片件90形成;弹性边片件可以变化宽度和长度;或弹性边片件可以由相对细的弹性材料带或具有较大面积的弹性补片构成。已经发现有一种特别适合于作为弹性边片件90(尤其是用于“零张力”拉伸叠层)的弹性材料是一种弹性泡沫,它至少可拉伸400%才断裂,在非张力长度上延长50%时,每英吋的样品宽度上延伸张力至少约为200克。举列来讲,已发现适于用作弹性边片件的弹性泡沫包括:(a)厚度最好约为35密耳、比重为13.3磅/立方英尺(0.214g/cm3)的横联键天然橡胶泡沫,这类橡胶可从路德岛中城(Middletown,Rhode lslannd)的Ful公司。或从俄亥俄州弗里蒙特市(Fremont,Ohio)的Ludlow化合物公司中得到;(b)厚度约为80密耳,比重约为2.06磅/立方英尺(0.033/厘米3)的聚氨酯泡沫,如日本横滨市桥石公司(Bridges tone of Yorohama)生产的商标为桥石SG聚氨酯泡沫塑料,或新泽西州(New Jersey)巴拉缪斯(Paramus)通用泡沫公司出产的注册号为No40310号的聚氨酯泡沫。其它适合作为弹性边片件90的弹性材料包括“活性”合成或天然橡胶,其它合成或天然橡胶泡沫,弹性膜(包括热收缩型弹性薄膜),弹性纤维织物,弹性纺织或无纺织物,弹性组合物诸如弹性无纺材料叠层或类似品。
如图1所示,弹性边片件90包括一弹性材料制成的补片(弹性补片),它最好沿前部56,后部58中边片72的整个长度延伸。可是,可取地弹性边片件90从底片14的端沿64向内延伸到所说边片72的腿部边沿106。弹性边片件90的长度和宽度由一次性内衣的设计功能来决定。所以,虽然弹性边片件90可取地是通过边片72的整个长度延伸出来,但是弹性边片件90也可以只通过边片22的部分长度延伸出来。
已经发现的延展特征,包括延展力、延展模量,有效拉伸(延展);收缩力;弹性蠕变、弹性滞后;和弹性边片30的收缩率是弹性边片30和一次性内衣性能的重要因素。延展特性使使用者在穿着时有遍及衣着各处的“拉伸”感觉。具有相对高的延展模量的弹性边片能在穿着者皮肤上产生发红的印迹而较低弹性模量会引起衣物从穿着者身上下垂滑下。弹性边片的有效拉伸太小就不能达到合体的合适水平而使着者感到一次性内衣不舒服而难于应用。具有非常低的收缩力或较差的弹性蠕变或弹性滞后的弹性边片的一次性内衣不会呆在穿着者身上一个地方而倾向于从穿着者身上滑下/下垂,导致极不合身,容纳性差。
对于本发明的弹性边片30,已经发现,延展力和延展模量这些延展特性最好在一定范围内。延展力可取的是每直线英吋50-300克。延展力在延展约20%到300%时产生的那些延展力是可取的。
有效拉伸测量的是弹性边片中有用材料在穿着期间保持在穿着者身上产生的可逆转拉伸的最大量。于是,有效拉伸量涉及有效地使内衣贴紧在穿着者的身上的延展的最大量;另外,还涉及衣物贴紧穿着者身体的有效可逆延展的最大量。有效拉伸是从下式计算出来的,((衣物的最大周长-穿着者体围)÷穿着者体围)×100。对于采用弹性边片的一次性内衣所需的有效拉伸的最小量对于适合于22磅到38磅重孩子的“一号通用型”内衣可取的是具有至少35%的有效拉伸。
弹性边片施加到穿着者身上的可承受的收缩力(张力)的量是弹性边片的一个重要特性。收缩力不足的弹性边片可能导致训练内裤在穿着和承物后滑下。相反,过强的收缩力会减少穿着舒适感并在穿着者皮肤上产生压痕。收缩力测量的是在放松已经过一定延展的弹性复合物时所产生的每单位宽度的力。在本发明的优选实施例中,弹性边片的收缩力可取的是在10%延展时至少约为50克/英吋(10%延展需要样品被拉伸到其原始长度的1.1倍)。
典型的弹性材料在其应力-应变性质上显示出力的滞后回线。也就是说,对于给定的延伸,弹性材料非轴向延展所需的力(延展力)大于弹性材料在它从已延展状态收缩时作用的力(收缩力)。前一曲线被称为“加载曲线”,后一曲线可称为“卸载曲线”。当拉伸弹性边片让人穿上衣服时,穿着者或病人就会感觉到“加载”延展力(延展力)。穿着者差不多一穿上该内衣就感到“卸载”收缩力(收缩力)。所以,滞后损耗不应太大以使得收缩力过低导致内衣从穿着者身上下垂/滑下。
所有经受可承受的应力/应变的弹性材料都具有随时间减小的力(即弹性蠕变)。所以,需要确保穿着中的力随时间的减少不能低到保持穿着稳定性的最小值以下。所以弹性蠕变应保持在最小值。在本发明的优选实施例中,弹性材料的最终长度在经历30分钟的张力作用后不大于初始长度的1.2倍。
弹性边片30也可以沿纵轴当在横向上拉伸时具有不均匀的延展性。如这里所用的,术语“不均匀的延展性”用来表示一种材料,当在沿基本上垂直于拉伸方向的轴向上的各点上在拉伸方向上测量时,其具有程度不均的弹性延展性质。例如,这可以包括弹性材料的弹性模量或有效拉伸的变化,或两者都变。最好使弹性边片30具有不均匀的延展性,从而在从一次性训练内裤20的端沿64到边片的腿部边沿106之间测量时,至少在弹性边片的一个部分上横向延展性是纵向变化的。不希望受任何理论的限制,可以相信沿纵轴的不均匀的延展性当在横向上被拉伸时,使得弹性边片不均匀拉伸并在使用时与穿着者腰部吻合,同时在穿着者的臀部提供一个可靠的支承点从而增强可承受的贴紧而减小腰部和腿部的溢漏。这样的结构可以允许在臀部有更多的“变形”以适合穿着者在移动和变换位置时(站、坐、躺)时身体体形的变化。在另一个实施例中,在与一次性训练内裤20的端沿64邻接的弹性边片部分横向延展性一定程度的减少就需要弹性腰带34承受总延展量的更多部分,从而导致弹性腰带34承受更多的局部拉伸,也使得下腹部更加服贴。
不均匀的延展性可以用许多不同的方法来实现。弹性边片30可以具有多种结合的弹性材料,弹性材料的多种构造,弹性或其它材料或使弹性边片不均匀的材料的延展特性。例如不均匀的延展性可以通过采用具有变化的延展或收缩力,模量,或其它固有性质,如在弹性边片的一个部分上比邻接部分具有更多或更少(变化的)横向延展性的弹性材料在弹性边片上所选择的相邻部分中实现。弹性材料也可以具有不同的长度,大小和形状以使之具有不均匀的延展性。其它本领域中已知的改变构成弹性边片的材料性质的方法也可以采用。
使“零张力”拉伸叠层具有变化的延展性的特别可取的方法和装置是使“零张力”拉伸材料通过至少一组啮合的波纹轧辊,至少有一个波纹轧辊在它与“零张力”拉伸叠层织物接触的点或许多点上具有不均匀的齿形波纹。结果,经过这组轧辊的叠层织物部分被不均匀地拉伸了。从而这也使得“零张力”拉伸叠层在基本上垂直于非均匀齿形波纹的方向上具有不均匀的弹性。
在如图2所示的底片的一个优选实施例中,纵向边区88是底片14从边片72横向向外延伸到底片14的纵向沿62的部分。纵向边区88通常从底片14的端沿64纵向延伸到底片14的纵向沿62构成腿部开口(纵向沿62的这一段被标作腿部沿106),虽然纵向边区88可以由一个固定在底片14的边片72上的分离件构成,但可取的是纵向边区为底片14的其它部件,如内覆盖层46,外覆盖层48,上片24或下片26或这些部件的任意组合的延伸部分。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,每个纵向边区88是由内覆盖层46和外覆盖层48从边片72中延伸出来的部分构成的。
再参见图1,无凸缘缝10是将前部56的纵向边区88与后部58的纵向边区88粘结在一起而形成的。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,一次性内衣是将底片在裆部对折使得前部56的纵向边区88与后部58的纵向边区88基本上叠合,如图5所示,形成两条接缝区40而构成的。图5A表示了由前部56的纵向边区88和后部58的纵向边区88构成的接缝区40的优选实施例。可取地是构成接缝区的多层材料具有相近的熔点,更可取的,接缝区每一层都是由同一种材料构成。在一优选实施例中,接缝区40的每一层都是由100%的聚丙烯纤维制成的。
无凸缘缝10是通过处理接缝区40而构成的,用足够强的机械能切掉接缝区40的一部分,同时将与切口邻近的窄的边缘区熔凝。熔凝的边缘区是相对较小的一个区域并构成了已成形的无凸缘接缝。如这里所用的术语“无凸缘接缝”指的是从一次性训练内裤20延伸出约1/16英吋或更少的接缝。可取地,无凸缘接缝从内衣上延伸出1/32英吋或更少。在一个优选实施例中,无凸缘接缝实质上就是底片14前部56和后部58之间的拼接部分。如这里所用的,术语“拼接”指的是两片层状材料端端相连以形成连续长度从而使得接点的厚度不比层状材料的厚度大或大不多少。
虽然有相当多的根据表明所有的能量是机械能,但仍有可以被认为是“非机械能”的能量的形式,如热能,电能,和化学能。然而,如这里所用的,术语“机械能”用来指机械能(如用于超声波粘接或自动压力粘接的能量),同样也指热能(如用于热封合的能量),可取地,超声能被用来同时切出及粘结接缝区40以完成本发明的接缝10。
可取地,机械能采用一超声波装置注入接缝。一台超声波装置通常包括一超声转换单元,该单元从电源经电导体接受高频电能。该转换单元包括一压电传感材料,作为对高频输入功率的响应,在一扬声器上产生机械振动,即相对于一支承表面-它用作砧,产生往复振荡。
图6是一优选的超声波装置的侧面立视图,以标号600总表示。具有一工作端652的超声波射声器650与一个超声波转换单元645相连,该单元从一电源(未画出)接受高频电能。射声器650的工作端652与装在轴向旋转的轧辊656上的砧654相对。一次性内衣的对折底片614如图所示从工作端652和砧之间经过。超声波射声器650的超声波工作频率可取地是在大约20KHZ到大约40KHZ的范围内,但在16到100KHz的正常工作范围内的频率也是适用的。
图6A表示图6所示的接缝装置的横截面图。如图所示,在对折底片614的接缝区40从砧654和工作端652之间经过时,射声器650往复振荡,即朝向和背离砧654。接缝装置600的超声波能量使得接缝区40的聚合材料层软化,流动,变薄或将接缝区40在第一区658处切开,同时在与第一区658邻近的变薄的边缘区将接缝区40熔融形成熔凝部分660。接缝区40上的部分664被从一次性内衣20上切掉,被作为碎布边扔掉,而接缝区40上的部分662的熔凝部分660仍是一次性服装的一部分并构成一次性内衣20的无凸缘接缝10。
优选的接缝装置600的砧台654,如图6A所示,为具有削边的砧台的例子。砧台654有一接触边670,接触边的宽度用字母W′表示,可取的值约为0.030英吋。砧台654还有与接触边670成一定角度的斜边680,斜边的角度用字母A表示,较可取的值为15°。砧台654的宽度用字母W表示,较可取的值为0.100英吋。砧台的高度用字母H表示,较可取的值约为0.100英吋。
无须受任何特别理论的束缚,可以相信超声波射声器650,借助其高速低振幅的振荡,产生局部摩擦损耗,其产生的热量使得接缝区40的聚合纤维变软并熔凝。这种熔焊或熔凝作用非常迅速地出现在一个限定好的区域中,而对周围的材料基本上无干扰。
用超声波能量处理材料的方法和装置的例子可参见1972年4月18日授予与Sager,发明名称为“用于连续切割和连续热粘性层状材料的方法和装置”的美国专利US-3,657,033;1983年8月23日授予Riemersma的专利US-4,400,227;1984年2月7日授予Sohaefer的专利US-4,430,148;1985年12月24日授予Flood的,发明名称为“超声波密封和切割方法和装置”的专利US-4,560,427;1987年9月15日授予Payet等人的,发明名称为“具有超声波切割和封合边沿的纺织纤维以及生产这种产品的装置和方法”的专利US-4,693,771;所有这些专利在这里用作参考。1969年7月22日授予Tuma的,发明名称为“在一次操作中切断和封合热封合包装材料织物的装置”的专利US-3,457,132中公开了一种用于采用热能切断和封合可热封合材料织物的方法和装置。该文献也被用作参考。
本发明人发现在制作本发明的小的无凸缘接缝时,最好是接缝区40的聚合材料层具有相近的熔点。更可取的是接缝40是由同一种聚合材料层构成。在一优选实施例中,接缝区40中每一层均由含有100%聚丙烯纤维的无纺织物构成。
具有低张力强度的接缝,即弱接缝,可以被用于具有高度横向拉伸性能的一次性内衣,就如这里所述的优选的一次性内衣。然而,较强的接缝可以通过增加纵向边区88中聚合材料的量而得到。在纵向边区中的聚合材料的量可以通过采用具有较高定量(basis  weight)的聚合材料来增加。如果纵向边区88中的材料具有较低的定量,纵向边区88中的聚合材料的量可以通过在纵向边区88中引入另外的材料层来增加,从而使接缝区40包含足够的材料而形成满足要求的接缝。在图7和7A的局部剖视图中所示的本发明的实施例中,其中在纵向边区88中添加了材料层,所以也增加了接缝区40的材料。图7表示的是在纵向边区88中,内覆盖层46从外覆盖层48上折叠过来从而使纵向边区88具有三层材料。图7A表示的是在纵向边区88中,外覆盖层48从内覆盖层46上折叠过来从而使纵向边区88具有三层材料。
图11表示的是本发明另一个实施例,其中底片14包括一外覆盖层48,它折叠过来包住弹性边片件90并形成纵向边区88,吸湿组件22安到外覆盖层48上,并包括一上片24,下片26和吸湿芯28。
训练内裤20还包括一吸湿组件22。一次训练内裤20的吸湿组件是一个插入物,即是一个与底片分离的并被插在其中的部件。吸湿组件22可以是任何吸湿装置,它通常是可压缩的,舒适的,对穿着者的皮肤没有刺激作用,并能吸收和容纳液体,如尿和其它人体排泄物。
如图2所示,一次性训练内裤20中的吸湿组件22最好包括至少一块吸湿芯28和由上片24和下片26构成的包覆盖层。吸湿组件22最好是位于邻近内覆盖层46的地方并借助连接手段(未画出),如已有技术中熟知的那些手段,连接到内覆盖层46上。适合的连接手段下面将相对于将下片26连接到吸湿芯28上来加以描述。
吸湿芯28可以是任何吸湿装置,它通常应是可压缩的,舒适的,对穿着者的皮肤没有刺激作用,并能吸收和容纳液体,如尿和其它人体排泄物。如图2和图4所示,吸湿芯28有一衣表面100,一体表面101,边沿82和边沿83。
吸湿芯28可以制成各种大小和形状(如长方形,沙漏形,“T”形,不对称形等),并可使用通常适用于一次性尿布和其它吸湿物品的各种吸湿液体的材料,如通常称作空气毡(airfelt)的粉碎木桨。其它适合的吸湿材料的例子包括皱化纤维素软吸水纸,包含助间型(coform),横联键纤维素纤维的易溶海绵聚合物,包含棉纸卷的棉纸,吸湿泡沫,吸湿海绵,超吸湿聚合物,吸湿胶凝材料,或任何等价材料或这些材料的组合。吸湿芯的构型的结构也可以变化(如,吸湿芯可以具有变化的厚度,亲水梯度,超吸收梯度,或较低的平均密度和较低的平均定量的添加物区;或可以由一层或多层结构构成)。但是,吸湿芯28总的吸收能力应与设计承载和一次性内衣20的用途相一致。此外,吸湿芯28的大小和吸收能力可以改变以适应从婴儿到成年人不同的需要。
吸湿组件22的一个优选实施例具有一个对称的,改进的沙漏型吸湿芯28。虽然吸湿组件22的优选实施例具有改进的沙漏型吸湿芯28,但应理解吸湿芯28的大小,形状,结构和总的吸收能力是可以改变的以满足从婴儿到成年人不同使用者的需要。所以,吸湿芯的尺寸,形状和结构可以变化(如,吸湿芯可以具有一个变化的厚度区,或亲水梯度,或可以或不可以包含吸湿胶凝材料)。一种已被广泛接受并在商业上获得成功的用作本发明的吸湿芯28的典型的吸收结构可见于1986年9月9日授予Weisman和Goldman的,发明名称为“高密度吸收结构”的专利US-4,610,678;1987年6月16日授予Weisman,Houghton和Gellert的,发明名称为“具有双层吸湿芯的吸湿物品”的专利US-4,673,402;1989年12月9日授予Angstadt的,发明名称为“双层吸湿芯”的专利US-4,888,231;也描述了用于本发明的吸收结构。这些文献均被用作参考。吸湿芯28最好是由空气毡构成的毛层和吸收胶凝材料构成的物品组成,其宽约为13厘米(横向尺寸),长约为37厘米(纵向),裆部57最窄处约为8厘米宽。最好总的位于前部56和裆部57的吸湿芯部分比总的位于后部58的吸湿芯部分具有更高的定量。更可取的是,总的位于前部56和裆部57的吸湿芯部分具有的定量是总的位于后部58的吸湿芯部分的三倍。在吸湿芯28的一个优选的实施例中,总的位于前部56和裆部57的吸湿芯约为25.4厘米长,并且具有每平方英吋约为0.69克的定量;总的位于后部58的吸湿芯约为11.4厘米长并具有每平方英吋0.23的定量。
下片26与吸湿芯28的衣表面100相邻,最好是通过连接手段(未画出),如本领域已知的那些手段与吸湿芯28相连。例如,下片26可以用均匀连续的胶层,有一定图样的胶层,或一排分开的线,螺旋线,点构成的胶层来将其固定到吸湿芯28上。已经发现令人满意的胶是由俄亥俄州哥伦比亚市的世纪制胶公司(Century  Adhesives,Inc.of  Columbus  Ohio)生产的注册的世纪-5227型胶,和明尼苏达州圣保罗市(St.Paul,Minnesota)的H.B.Fuller公司生产的注册的HL-1258型胶。连接手段最好是采用胶丝形成的多孔形的胶丝网,如在专利US-4,573,986中所公开的,该专利1986年3月4日授予Minetola和Tucker,发明名称为“一次性排泄物盛纳服”,该文献在这里用作参考。一个典型的采用多孔形的胶丝网的连接手段包括由许多胶丝旋成螺旋图案,如在1975年10月7日授予Spragul,Jr的专利US-3,911,173;在1978年11月22日授予Ziecker等人的专利US-4,785,996;1989年6月27日授予Werenicz的专利US-4,842,666所示的。这些专利在此用作参考。换一种方式,连接方法还可以包括热粘连,压力粘连,超声波粘连,动力机械粘连,或任何其它合适的连接方法,或是这些连接方法的结合,如本领域所已知的那样。
下片26对于液体(如尿)是不渗透的,尽管其它柔软的不渗透液体的材料也可以使用,但最好用塑料薄膜制成。如这里所用的,术语“柔软的”指的是材料柔顺易于适应人体的一般形状和轮廓。下片26可防止吸收并容纳在吸湿芯28中的排泄物弄湿与一次性训练内裤20接触的物品如床单和衬衣裤。下片26可以由纺织材料或无纺材料,聚合薄膜,如聚乙烯或聚丙烯热塑薄膜,或组合材料如覆膜的无纺材料构成。最好下片是厚度约为0.012mm(0.5密耳(mil))到约0.051mm(2.0密耳)的薄膜。
下片26的大小是由吸湿芯28的大小及所选择的准确的一次性内衣的设计决定的。在一优选实施例中,下片26至少要卷过吸湿芯并且至少在裆部57能卷过上片24的边沿部分,从而使弹性腿部翻边32与任何下片材料分开,而不受下片材料的限制。换一种方式。上片24可卷包吸湿芯并且至少在裆部57卷到下片26边沿部分的下面,或者上片24和下片26可在裆部57是“侧边凹进”的,从而使得弹性腿部翻边32不受下片材料的限制。
下片24片吸湿芯的体表面101相邻,并且最好借助一些连接手段(未画出),如本领域已知的那些手段与吸湿芯和下片26相连。合适的连接手段已经相对于将下片26连接到吸湿芯28上描述过。在本发明的一个优选实施例中,上片24和下片26直接在从吸湿芯28延伸出来的区域上互相连接,并且通过连接手段(未画出)直接将它们连接到吸湿芯28上而使它们间接相连。
上片24贴身,感觉柔软并且对穿着者的皮肤无刺激作用。此外,上片24是可透过液体的,它允许液体(如尿)就其厚度而言容易透过。合适的上片可由范围很宽的材料制成,如多孔泡沫,带网眼泡沫,有孔塑料薄膜,或天然纤维(如羊毛或棉纤维),合成纤维(如聚酯或聚丙烯纤维)或是天然纤维和合成纤维组合的纺织织物或无纺织物。更可取地,上片24是由包含约20%到30%人选丝的亲水性材料制成,从而使受大小便训练的孩子感觉到湿闰和充有尿的信号。
有许多制造技术可以用来制造上片24。例如,上片24可以是纤维的无纺织物。当上片24由无纺织物构成时,该织物可以是纺丝粘合的,已梳的,贮湿的,易溶膨胀的,亲水的,上述特性的结合或类似的。优选的上片采用纤维生产领域熟知的方式进行梳理和热粘结。一种适合的上片是由北美纤维制品公司(Fiberweb  North  America)生产的,并且是80/20聚丙烯/人造丝已梳的热粘结无纺织物。
虽然在本发明的一个优选实施例中,上片24并不构成底片14的一部分,而是分开制造的,并作为吸湿组件22的一部分插入到底片中,但是底片14可以是不带内覆盖层46的,吸湿组件22的上片24可至少在底片14的前部和后部56,58处从下片26的边沿向外延伸出来,从而使上片24盖住弹性边片件90并构成底片14的内表面(如图10所示)。在该实施例中,上片24的至少一个部分经过机械拉伸而形成一“零张力”拉伸叠层,它构成了弹性边片30。因此,这个实施例中的上片24应是可以拉伸的,最好是可拉扯的,但不需要具有弹性,从而上片24在机械拉伸后至少可一定程度地保持拉伸状态而不完全恢复到它的原始状态。然而,这个实施例不是很可取的,因为尿可能会“芯吸(wick)”出底片14的中心区68,而不被容纳在吸湿组件22中。
尽管本发明的具体实施例已被图示并描述过,但很显然对于那些本领域的技术人员来讲,在不脱离本发明的构思的范围的前提下,可以作出其它的改变和改进。所以,要在所附的权利要求书中包括这些属于本发明范围之内的改变和改进。

Claims (28)

1、一种制造具有无凸缘的,可拆开接缝的一次性衣服的方法,其特征在于包括:
(a).提供一底片,它包括:
一个具有纵向边区,边片和一个腰带的前部,所说的前部,至少在所说的纵向边区,由聚合材料构成;
一个与所说前部相对设置的,具有纵向边区,边片和一个腰带的后部,所说的后部,至少在所说的纵向边区由聚合材料构成,该材料具有与所说前部的所说纵向边区的所说聚合材料相同的熔点;和
一个位于所说前部和所说后部之间的裆部;
(b).将所说前部的纵向边区与所说后部的纵向边区叠合而形成第一接缝区和第二接缝区;
(c).通过向所说第一接缝区施加机械能并足以使所说第一接缝区的材料流动并变薄从而切断在第一区的聚合材料,同时粘结与所说第一区相邻的一边缘区内的聚合材料以形成由熔凝的聚合材料部分构成的第一无凸缘接缝,该接缝从一次性衣服上延伸出约1/16英时或更少,并形成第一腿部开口,从而同时封合并割开所说第一接缝区的一部分;和
(d)通过将机械能施加到所说的第二接缝区并足以使所说第二接缝区的聚合材料流动并变薄从而切断在第一区内的聚合材料,同时粘结与所说的第一区相邻的一边缘区的聚合材料,以形成由熔凝的聚合材料部分构成的第二无凸缘接缝,该接缝从一次性衣服上延伸出约1/16英时或更少,并形成第二腿部开口,从而同时封合并割开所说第二接缝区的一部分,腰部开口基本上由所说的前腰带和所说的后腰带所环绕,所说的第二腿都开口与所说的第一腿开口由所说的裆部在中间隔开。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中所说的底片由一内覆盖层和一与所说的内覆盖层固定连接的外覆盖层组成,所说的外覆盖层和所说的内覆盖层具有相近的熔点,因而所说前部的所说纵向边区与所说后部的所说纵向边区都是由两层具有相近熔点的材料构成。
3、权利要求2的方法,其中所说的外覆盖层和所说的内覆盖层由相同的材料构成,从而使所说前部的所说纵向边区和所说后部的所说纵向边区由两层相同的材料构成。
4、权利要求3的方法,其中所说的外覆盖层和所说的内覆盖层由100%的聚合无纺织物构成,从而使所说前部的所说纵向边区和所说后部的所说纵向边区由两层100%的聚合无纺织物构成。
5、权利要求4的方法,其中所说的纵向边区包括具有与所说的内覆盖层和所说的外覆盖层相同的熔点的材料构成的第三层材料。
6、权利要求5的方法,其中所说的第三层材料是所说的外覆盖层或所说的内覆盖层的延伸,并折叠覆盖每个所说的纵向边区。
7、权利要求4的方法,包括将一个吸湿组件固定到所说的内覆盖层的附加步骤。
8、权利要求7的方法,其中所说的吸湿组件是安装到所说内覆盖层上的插入件,所说的插入件包括上片,与所说的上片相连的下片,和设置在所说的上片和所说的下片之间的吸湿芯。
9、权利要求2的方法,其中所说前部的所说纵向边区和所说后部的所说纵向边区包括有熔点与所说的内覆盖层和所说的外覆盖层相近的第三材料层。
10、权利要求9的方法,其中所说的第三材料层是所说的内覆盖层或所说的外覆盖层的延伸,其折叠覆盖所说的纵向边区。
11、权利要求1的方法,其中施加机械能的步骤包括采用一个超声波装置,该装置包括一个超声波振动元件和一支承砧件。
12、权利要求11的方法,其中所说的支承砧件具有削边。
13、权利要求12的方法,其中所说的支承砧件安装在一可轴向旋转的圆辊上。
14、权利要求13的方法,其中所说的底片包括一内覆盖层和与所说内覆盖层固接的一外覆盖层,所说的内覆盖层和所说的外覆盖层均由100%的聚合无纺织物构成。
15、权利要求14的方法,其中所说前部的所说纵向边区和所说后部的所说纵向边区均包括有溶点与所说内覆盖层和所说外覆盖层相近的第三材料层。
16、权利要求15的方法,其中所说的第三材料层是所说内覆盖层或外覆盖层的延伸,其折叠覆盖所说的纵向边区。
17、权利要求1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10或16的方法,其中所说的第一无凸缘接缝和所说的第二无凸缘接缝均包括有熔凝聚合材料部分,其在所说的前部和所说的后部形成连接部分。
18、根据权利要求1,4,6,10,11,或13的方法制造的一次性衣服。
19、具有至少一条无凸缘,可拆开的边缝的一次性衣服,包括:
一个底片,它包括:
由聚合材料构成并有一条腰带的前部;
由聚合材料构成并有一条腰带的后部;
在所说前部和所说后部之间的裆部;
所说的前部与所说的后部相连以形成两个腿部开口和一个腰部开口,该腰部开口基本由所说的前腰带和所说的后腰带环绕;和
至少一条从所说的腿部开口之一延伸到所说的腰部开口的无凸缘接缝包括有熔凝的聚合材料部分,并从一次性衣服上延伸出1/16英吋或更少。
20、权利要求19的一次性衣服,包括两条无凸缘接缝,每条所说的无凸缘接缝从所说的腿部开口之一延伸到所说的腰部开口,每条所说的无凸缘接缝包括有熔凝的聚合材料部分,并从一次性衣服上延伸出1/16英吋或更少。
21、权利要求20的一次性衣服,其中所说的底片包括有外覆盖层和内覆盖层,所说的外覆盖层和所说的内覆盖层由熔点相近的材料构成。
22、权利要求21的一次性衣服,其中所说的外覆盖层和所说的内覆盖层由相同的材料构成。
23、权利要求22的一次性衣服,其中所说的外覆盖层和所说的内覆盖层均由100%的聚合无纺织物构成。
24、权利要求23的一次性衣服,其中所说的底片还包括有固接在所说的内覆盖层上的吸湿组件。
25、权利要求24的一次性衣服,其中所说的吸湿组件是固接在所说的内覆盖层上的插入件,所说的插入件包括一个上片,一个与所说的上片相连的下片,和一个设置在所说的上片和所说的下片之间的吸湿芯。
26、权利要求21的一次性衣服,其中所说的内覆盖层包括有一个上片。
27、权利要求26的一次性衣服,其中在所说的上片和所说的外覆盖层之间设置有一吸湿芯。
28、权利要求20的一次性衣服,其中每个所说的无凸缘接缝均包括有熔凝的聚合材料部分,在所说的前部和所说的后部之间的形成连接部分。
CN 92114551 1991-11-21 1992-11-21 具有侧边接缝的一次性内裤及其制造方法 Pending CN1078379A (zh)

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US07/795,559 US5236430A (en) 1991-11-21 1991-11-21 Disposable training pant having fusion-slit side seams
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CN100379552C (zh) * 2003-04-15 2008-04-09 W.L.戈尔及合伙人(英国)有限公司 接缝
TWI501757B (zh) * 2008-12-24 2015-10-01 Kao Corp Wearing articles and their manufacturing methods
US9301881B2 (en) 2008-12-24 2016-04-05 Kao Corporation Wearing article and method of manufacturing same
CN108186202A (zh) * 2012-10-23 2018-06-22 宝洁公司 用于粘结基底的设备和方法
CN105555239A (zh) * 2013-09-20 2016-05-04 宝洁公司 纹理化层合结构、带有纹理化层合结构的吸收制品及制造方法
CN105555239B (zh) * 2013-09-20 2020-03-13 宝洁公司 纹理化层合结构、带有纹理化层合结构的吸收制品及制造方法
CN105682628A (zh) * 2013-11-01 2016-06-15 花王株式会社 短裤型穿着物品和其制造方法
CN105682628B (zh) * 2013-11-01 2019-05-21 花王株式会社 短裤型穿着物品和其制造方法

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WO1993009742A1 (en) 1993-05-27
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