CN107802655A - 灭活乳酸菌在防控母猪垂直传播性疾病药物中的应用 - Google Patents
灭活乳酸菌在防控母猪垂直传播性疾病药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种灭活乳酸菌在防控母猪垂直传播性疾病中的新用途,属于生物医药领域,药物的主要成分是灭活乳酸菌,可以通过将活的乳酸菌经过常规方法灭活制备。灭活乳酸菌静脉给药可以用于母猪的各种垂直传播性疫病的防控,从而提高仔猪的成活率,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,尤其涉及灭活乳酸菌在防控母猪垂直传播性疫病中的新用途。
背景技术
所谓垂直传播是指病原体直接由亲代传播给子代。在畜禽养殖业中多指由母畜传播给仔畜。目前特别是在猪的养殖业中,垂直传播性疾病危害巨大。猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、伪狂犬病、圆环病毒病、猪细小病毒病、布鲁氏菌病等是种猪场主要的垂直传播性疾病。这些垂直传播性疾病可以引起母猪的持续性感染,造成母猪带毒综合征,还可引起母猪出现繁殖障碍。更重要的是,这些疫病可通过母猪垂直传播至下一代,造成更大范围的感染,影响仔猪生长发育,抑制猪体免疫功能,引发致病菌继发感染,干扰疫苗免疫效果,最终导致仔猪生长不良、发病率高、存活率低,成为目前困扰我国养猪业发展的主要问题之一,造成了巨大经济损失。虽然养殖场为了应对这些垂直传播性疫病,对种猪进行疫苗接种防控,但由于病毒变异、疫苗质量等原因,经常出现防控失效。目前尚无更好的办法防控这些垂直传播性疫病传播给下一代。
本发明发现将灭活乳酸菌对母猪进行耳静脉给药,可以有效地降低仔猪发病率,提高仔猪成活率,今后可以用于猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、伪狂犬病、圆环病毒病、猪细小病毒病、布鲁氏菌病等母猪垂直传播性疫病的防控,未来具有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种全新的可以用于防控母猪垂直传播性疫病的灭活乳酸菌药物,这种药物的主要成分为灭活的乳酸菌,该药物静脉给药可以有效地防控母猪的各种垂直传播性疫病,降低仔猪发病率,提高仔猪成活率和健康水平。
灭活乳酸菌在制备防控母猪垂直传播性疫病药物中的用途,其特征在于,对所述的灭活乳酸菌进行革兰氏染色,在油镜下观察,灭活乳酸菌保持完整菌体形态,药物的给药方式为注射给药。所述的保持完整菌体形态是指与灭活前活菌菌体的轮廓和形态基本一致。所说的基本一致实质上是指乳酸菌灭活过程中菌体细胞壁可能会出现轻微变化,比如部分表面成分的流失,但这种变化微乎其微或很少发生。
所述乳酸菌种类包括:(1)乳杆菌属:德氏乳杆菌(L.delbrueckii)、保加利亚乳杆菌(L.bulgaricus)、瑞士乳杆菌(L.helviticus)、嗜酸乳杆菌(L.acido phlus)、格氏乳杆菌(L.gasseri)、唾液乳杆菌(L.salivarius)、植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)、罗伊氏乳杆菌(L.reuteri)、短乳杆菌(L.brevis)、干酪乳杆菌(L.casei)、发酵乳杆菌(L.fementi)等;(2)片球菌属:如乳酸片球菌(P.acidi1actic)、戊糖片球菌(P.pentasiaceus)、小片球菌(P.parvulus)等;(3)明串球菌属:肠膜明串球菌(L.mesenteroides)及其乳脂亚种(L.cremoris)和葡聚糖亚种(Leuc.dextranicun)、乳酸明串球菌(L.lactis)、酒明串球菌(L.oenos)等;(4)肠球菌属:屎肠球菌(E.faecium)、粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)等;(5)乳球菌属:乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(L.lactis subsp.lactis)、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(L.lactissubsp.cremoris)、乳酸乳球菌叶蝉亚种(L.lactis subsp.hordniae)等;(6)链球菌属:乳酸链球菌(S.lactis)、丁二酮乳酸链球菌(S.diacetilactis)、乳酪链球菌(S.creamoris)、嗜热乳链球菌(S.thermophilus)等;(7)双歧杆菌属:两歧双歧杆菌(B.bifidum)、长双歧杆菌(B.longum)、短双歧杆菌(B.breve)、婴儿双歧杆菌(B.infantis)、青春双歧杆菌(B.adolescentis)、动物双歧杆菌(B.animalis)等;(8)其他种属的乳酸菌。
优选的,乳酸菌选自乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(拉丁名称:Lactococcus lactissubsp.Lactis,保藏编号:CICC 6246)、植物乳杆菌植物亚种(拉丁名称:Lactobacillusplantarum subsp.Plantarum,保藏编号:CICC 6240)、长双歧杆菌(拉丁名称:Bifidobacterium longum,保藏编号:CICC 6196)、短乳杆菌(拉丁名称:Lactobacillusbrevis,保藏编号:CICC 6239)、屎肠球菌(拉丁名称:Enterococcus faecium,保藏编号:CICC 6049)。
灭活乳酸菌为一种或两种以上灭活乳酸菌混合物。注射给药时,每mL剂量药物中包含灭活乳酸菌完整菌体数量为105—1012个。
乳酸菌灭活方法包括:高温高压灭活、紫外线灭活、化学试剂灭活、辐射灭活等。
所述的注射给药为静脉注射给药。所述防治防控母猪垂直传播性疫病药物可以制成粉针剂或混悬注射剂。用于本发明的灭活乳酸菌混悬液的给药方式包括:静脉推注和静脉滴注等。
本发明采用常规方法灭活了屎肠球菌,发现灭活的屎肠球菌仍然可以进行革兰氏染色,油镜下观察灭活的屎肠球菌与活的屎肠球菌保持一致的菌体轮廓和形态。然后对灭活屎肠球菌生理盐水混悬液进行离心,弃上清留沉淀,提取DNA,采用PCR技术仍可以扩增出16S rDNA基因片段,通过测序还可以进行乳酸菌种类鉴别。进一步研究发现,将灭活屎肠球菌对母猪耳静脉给药,可以有效地防控母猪垂直传播性疫病感染仔猪,降低仔猪发病率,提高仔猪成活率和健康水平。研究还发现,将灭活植物乳杆菌植物亚种对母猪耳静脉给药,同样可以降低仔猪发病率,控制母猪病毒性疾病的垂直传播。
本发明的灭活乳酸菌混悬液经静脉给药可以用于母猪各种垂直传播性疫病的防控,包括:猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、伪狂犬病、圆环病毒病、猪细小病毒病、布鲁氏菌病等。
灭活乳酸菌静脉给药后可激活母猪的免疫系统,清除了母猪自身携带的垂直传播性病毒,从而阻断传播给仔猪;或者灭活乳酸菌静脉给药后激活母猪免疫系统,提高了母源抗体水平,从而通过哺乳提高仔猪抗病力、降低发病率;或者是灭活乳酸菌静脉给药,在母猪机体代谢产生了抗病毒物质,消除了母猪的隐性感染,从而防止传播给仔猪等。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将屎肠球菌(购于中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心,拉丁名称:Enterococcusfaecium,保藏编号:CICC 6049)接种于MRS培养基,于37℃温箱培养24小时,然后3000转离心5分钟,去除上层培养液保留沉淀,加入无菌生理盐水清洗沉淀,离心5分钟,重复清洗3次后,加入无菌生理盐水,与沉淀混匀。取一定量的屎肠球菌生理盐水混悬液,于分光光度计690nm处测量其OD值,当用无菌生理盐水稀释的最终浓度的OD值为0.38时,将这样稀释浓度的屎肠球菌生理盐水混悬液作为1倍(1×)浓度,经过THOMA细菌计数板进行细菌计数可测定该浓度下每mL混悬液含有约108个屎肠球菌菌体。本实验配制了1×浓度的屎肠球菌生理盐水混悬液。取少量的1×浓度的屎肠球菌生理盐水混悬液,进行革兰氏染色,在油镜下观察活菌的形态。此后将配制好的1×浓度的屎肠球菌生理盐水混悬液于121℃、压力0.12MPa,灭活15min,得到灭活屎肠球菌混悬液,取少量灭活屎肠球菌混悬液进行革兰氏染色,在油镜下观察灭活菌体的形态,发现灭活乳酸菌保持完整菌体形态,与其灭活前活菌菌体轮廓和形态一致,灭活前后完整细菌数量未发生明显变化。
实施例2
将实施例1制备的混悬液稀释后制备10×浓度的灭活屎肠球菌混悬液,检测灭活乳酸菌静脉注射对母猪垂直传播性疾病的影响。某猪场此前断奶仔猪出现呼吸道综合症和多系统衰竭综合症,主要由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒垂直传播引起,发病率在30%-50%之间,难以治愈,病死率在50%以上。2016年3月,该场对其中的8头母猪分别于分娩当天和第二天,耳静脉推注了10×浓度的灭活屎肠球菌混悬液5mL。此后,观察记录仔猪断奶后的发病情况。8头母猪共产出仔猪76头,断奶后只有4头发生了呼吸道综合症和多系统衰竭综合症,发病率为5.3%。与此前相比较,用药后断奶仔猪的发病率明显降低。由此可见,灭活屎肠球菌混悬液对母猪耳静脉给药可以显著降低断奶仔猪发病率。说明该药可以控制疫病垂直传播,提高断奶仔猪存活率。
实施例3
将植物乳杆菌植物亚种(购于中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心,拉丁名称:Lactobacillus plantarum subsp.Plantarum,保藏编号:CICC 6240)根据实施例1的方法制备10×浓度的灭活植物乳杆菌植物亚种混悬液,检测灭活植物乳杆菌植物亚种混悬液对母猪垂直传播性疾病的影响。某养猪场,对12头母猪分别在分娩当天和第二天耳静脉推注灭活植物乳杆菌植物亚种混悬液各10mL,有3头母猪没有给药作为对照。观察记录仔猪断奶的发病情况。静脉推注灭活植物乳杆菌植物亚种静脉注射液的母猪共产出仔猪117头,断奶后4头仔猪出现炸毛、消瘦,主要由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒、伪狂犬病毒垂直传播引起,发病率为4/117(3.4%),未死亡。未给药的3头母猪所产出的31头断奶仔猪中出现7头炸毛、消瘦的,发病率为7/31(22.6%)未死亡。采用SPSS 11.5软件对数据进行卡方检验,结果见表1。由表1可知,灭活植物乳杆菌植物亚种静脉给药极显著降低了断奶仔猪发病率。说明该药静脉给药可以控制疫病垂直传播,提高断奶仔猪的存活率。
表1灭活植物乳杆菌植物亚种静脉注射对母猪垂直传播性疾病的影响
注:**表示与未给药组比较差异极显著P<0.01,*表示与未给药组比较差异显著P<0.05。
Claims (10)
1.灭活乳酸菌在制备防控母猪垂直传播性疾病药物中的用途,其特征在于,对所述的灭活乳酸菌进行革兰氏染色,在油镜下观察,灭活乳酸菌保持完整菌体形态,与其灭活前活菌菌体轮廓和形态一致,药物的给药方式为注射给药。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其特征在于,所述的乳酸菌选自乳杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳球菌属、双歧杆菌属、明串球菌属、链球菌属。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述乳酸菌选自乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种(拉丁名称:Lactococcus lactis subsp.Lactis,保藏编号:CICC 6246)、植物乳杆菌植物亚种(拉丁名称:Lactobacillus plantarum subsp.Plantarum,保藏编号:CICC 6240)、长双歧杆菌(拉丁名称:Bifidobacterium longum,保藏编号:CICC 6196)、短乳杆菌(拉丁名称:Lactobacillus brevis,保藏编号:CICC 6239)、屎肠球菌(拉丁名称:Enterococcusfaecium,保藏编号:CICC 6049)。
4.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,灭活乳酸菌为一种或两种以上灭活乳酸菌混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,利用高温高压灭活、紫外线灭活、化学试剂灭活或辐射灭活中的任一种灭活方法得到所述灭活乳酸菌。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述防控母猪垂直传播性疫病药物可以制成粉针剂或混悬注射剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的注射给药为静脉注射给药。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其特征在于,注射时,每ml剂量药物中包含灭活乳酸菌完整菌体数量为105—1012个。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的注射剂,其特征在于,所述的注射剂按照如下方法制备得到:将乳酸菌进行常规液体培养基培养12-36小时后,3000-5000转离心保留沉淀,再将沉淀充分清洗后,配制成所需浓度混悬液,于120-122℃、压力0.1-0.2MPa,灭活15-30min得到灭活乳酸菌注射剂。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述防控母猪垂直传播性疫病包括:猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、伪狂犬病、圆环病毒病、猪细小病毒病、布鲁氏菌病。
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