CN1078022C - 无线电话系统中的反向链路、发射功率校正和限制 - Google Patents

无线电话系统中的反向链路、发射功率校正和限制 Download PDF

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CN1078022C
CN1078022C CN95190118A CN95190118A CN1078022C CN 1078022 C CN1078022 C CN 1078022C CN 95190118 A CN95190118 A CN 95190118A CN 95190118 A CN95190118 A CN 95190118A CN 1078022 C CN1078022 C CN 1078022C
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韦兰·安娜·L
科恩费尔德·理查德·K·
克尔·理查德J·
马洛尼·约翰E·
威尔逊·纳撒内尔·B·
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    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
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    • H04W52/36TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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Abstract

本发明的方法和装置在最佳实施例中限制了工作在蜂窝区系统内的无线电话的输出功率。这确保了发射边带和合成器相位噪声维持在某一规范内。即使蜂窝区站在与无线电话通信,并向无线电话发送功率提高命令,功率检测和校正累加器一起通过把增益调节限制到一最大值来产生增益控制信号,从而实现上述功能。该方法包含动态地较正由于发射级或增益控制组件的增益变化引起的发射机输出电平变化。

Description

无线电话系统中的反向链路、发射功率校正和限制
技术领域
本发明涉及无线电通信,尤其涉及无线电通信系统内的功率控制。
背景技术
美国的无线电频谱(RF频谱)使用由联邦通信委员会(FCC)管理。FCC把RF频谱内的一些频带分配做具体的用途。分配到RF频谱中的频带的用户必须进行测量,以保证在该频带内和外发射的辐射维持在合适的电平内,避免影响其他工作在相同和/或其它频带上的用户。这些电平由FCC和所述频带的特定用户组一起来管理。
800MHz蜂窝区电话系统用869.01MHz到893.97MHz的频带运行从蜂窝区传输到无线电话的正向链路,用824.01MHz到848.97MHz的频带运行从无线电话传输到蜂窝区的反向链路。正向和反向链路频带被分割成多条频道,每条频道占用30KHz的带宽。蜂窝区通信系统的一特定用户在某一时刻可以用这些频道的一条或几条上工作。系统的所有用户必须确保在已分配给他们的频道内和外符合所允许的发射电平。
在蜂窝区电话系统中可以使用几种不同的调制技术。调制技术的两种例子是频分多址(FDMA)和码分多址(CDMA)。
FDMA调制技术产生的信号在一时刻占用一条信道,而CD-MA调制技术产生的信号占用几条信道。这些技术中的这两种技术必须把它们返回链路的发射控制在所分配的信道内和外允许的极限内。为了最大发挥系统的性能,CDMA技术的使用者必须仔细地控制正在工作的频道内的发射功率电平。
图1示出了典型的已有的蜂窝区无线电话。在两种FDMA和CDMA的无线电话中,存在这样一种可能,即发射机内的功率放大器(101)被驱动或超出带外辐射允许点。这主要是由于功率放大器(101)在高输出功率时失真输出电平增加。另外,以超过某一点来驱动功率放大器(101)可能引起对无线电设备的内部干扰。例如,由于大电流转换使CDMA内的功率放大器(PA)击穿影响合成器相位噪声。这两种情形使无线电设备的运行不能被接受。
由于在无线电话硬件方面存在若干不希望有的作用,所以在频道上维持合适的输出功率是困难的。例如,基于CDMA的无线电设备必须实现一种功率控制系统,该系统必须工作在80dB到90dB的非常宽的动态范围上,使发射的输出功率相对于接收到的输入功率成线性。
如Gilhousen等的美国专利No.5,056,109(已转让给夸尔柯姆股份有限公司)所揭示的,闭环路和开环路功率控制一起决定返回链路的发射功率。因此,在接收机(103)和发射机(102)RF部分内产生的线性和非线性误差可能引起不能允许的功率控制性能。另外,基于FDMA和CDMA的无线电设备都必须工作在不同的频道上,同时维持允许的输出功率电平。输出功率电平和输入功率检测与频率的关系的变化可以造成返回链路发射的能量的误差量不能被接受。
目前这些显著的问题出现在基于FDMA和CDMA无线电话的设计者面前。这需要一种有效的和低成本的手段来解决这些问题。
发明内容
本发明的方法能使无线电话以线性的形式工作在宽的动态范围上,同时在返回链路频带内和外维持能接受的发射输出功率电平。用功率检测器测量正向和返回链路功率,并输入到控制硬件和/或软件均可接用的模数转换器。还监视闭环路功率控制的设置。无线电话用检测到的功率电平和闭环路功率控制设置检索表示反向链路发射功率误差和所希望的特定工作点上的功率放大器偏置的一组校正表。无线电话还确定发射机是否正工作在最大设置点以上。调节发射增益和无线电话的功率放大器偏置,以校正不希望有的误差并维持所希望的输出功率。
附图概述
图1示出了无线电话系统中使用的典型的现有技术的无线电话频率部分的方框图;
图2示出了功率控制校正的最佳实施例方框图;
图3示出了关于图2的功率限制控制部分的方框图;
图4示出了关于图2的闭环路功率控制部分的方框图;
图5示出了关于图2的PA极限阈值控制部分的方框图;
图6示出了本发明的使用基于累加器反馈控制的功率限制控制系统的另一个实施例;
图7示出了本发明的使用基于闭环路功率控制累加器的功率限制控制系统的另一个实施例;
图8示出了本发明的使用基于积分反馈控制的功率限制控制系统的另一个实施例;
图9示出了本发明的使用基于接收功率测量和闭环路功率控制设置来估计输出功率的功率限制控制系统的另一个实施例。
本发明的实施方式
本发明的方法提供了对移动无线电话的功率控制校正并在频带内和外维持能接受的最大发射电平。这是通过利用在生产中测试各无线电话期间产生的一组校正表进行实时补偿来实现的。
图2示出了具有功率控制校正的最佳实施例的CDMA无线电话的方框图。图3、4和5详细示出了图2的具体方框。无线电话包含接收线性化部分、发射线性化部分、功率放大器偏置控制部分和功率限制控制部分。
接收线性化部分包括一自动增益控制(AGC)部分。在正向链路上接收输入到AGC部分的信号并由低噪声放大器(LNA)(211)进行放大。把LNA(211)的输出输入至增益可变放大器(212)内。增益可变放大器(212)产生一信号,用模数转换器(ADC)(213)把它转换成数字信号。
接下来用数字功率检测器(214)计算经数字化的接收到的信号的功率。功率检测器(214)包括一积分器,它相对于参考电压对被检测的功率进行积分。在最佳实施例中,该参考电压由无线电解调器提供,它表示解调器需要环路锁定以保持功率电平恒定的额定值。由于功率电平离最佳范围太远会使解调器性能下降。所以解调器需要该值以达到最佳的性能。功率检测器(214)进行积分,以产生AGC设置点。设置点和接收频率索引被输入到接收线性化表(216)中。
AGC设置点和频率索引用于对线性化器(216)进行寻址,以取出合适的校准值。然后把该校准值输出到数模转换器(215),由它产生接收AGC设置点模拟值。
此模拟值调节增益可变放大器(212)的偏置。对增益可变放大器(212)的控制迫使接收AGC环路闭合,所以到接收线性化表(216)的输入相对于RF输入功率成为预定的直线。除了接收机内接收线性化表(216)的输入上出现的信号随频率变化之外,该线性化还消除了线性和非线性误差。而这些误差和变化是造成发射机内误差的原因。
为了减少接收和发射链中对频率的误差,接收和发射线性化器使用规定接收和发射链正工作的当前中心频率的频率索引。在工厂对无线电话检验期间,除了前面提到的校准值之外,线性化器还装载了利用频率检索的值,以校正与工作中心频率有关的误差。
AGC设置点是无线电设备的开环路功率控制信号。在最佳实施例中,这是一种由其自身通过无线电设备来进行的功率控制,它不需要控制从蜂窝区来的输入。随着从蜂窝区接收到的信号功率的增加,无线电设备减小其发射功率。这种输出功率控制是通过被低通滤波器(217)滤波的AGC设置点来实现的。
发射部分包括数字加法器(210),它把AGC设置点和闭环路功率控制设置(206)组合在一起。加法器(210)的输出馈送至功率控制限制部分(205)。下面将更详细地讨论图3和图4分别图示的功率控制限制部分(205)和闭环路功率控制部分(206)的工作情况。
功率控制限制部分(205)的输出和发射频率索引一起被用于访问存储在发射线性代表(204)内的值。发射线性代表(204)包含生产中测试无线电话时确定的值。把选出的值输入到数模转换器(203)内,数模转换器(203)的输出(数字值输入的模拟表示)控制增益可变放大器(202)。
用此模拟校准值把增益可变的放大器(202)的偏置调整到某一点上,使得发射线性代表(204)的输入相对于发射的RF输出功率成预定的直线。该线性化消除了不希望有的线性和非线性误差,以及发射机的信号随频率变化。这与前面提到的接收线性化相结合,极大减小了由于RF性能不完整引起的开、闭环路功率控制误差。
功率放大器(PA)偏置控制部分(218)根据发射增益设置来控制发射PA(201)的偏置点,以使给定增益设置的发射边带对PA(203)电流消耗最优。这可以通过在低输出功率时减少PA(201)的电流消耗,而仍把允许的边带电平维持在较高的输出功率电平上,来最大地延长用电池供电的电话的通话时间。
图3示出了功率控制限制部分(205)。功率控制限制部分(205)当发射增益加法器(210)的输出与等于或大于预计的最大输出功率的发射输出功率电平相一致时,控制闭环路功率控制和发射增益设置。最大增益设置由PA极限阈控制部分(209)确定。
阈控制部分(209)根据发射输出功率实时测量修正的额定值决定最大增益设置。测量由模拟功率检测器(207)进行,模拟功率检测器(207)的输出由模数转换器(208)转换成数字信号。然后把数字化的功率值输入到阈控制部分(209)。
图5详细示出了阈值控制部分,它通过高功率检测器(HDET)线性化器(501)换算输入的数字化功率值,以使它与数字发射增益控制部分的数字逻辑一致来进行操作。从额定的最大增益设置中减去(502)线性化器(501)的换算输出。该最大增益设定可以在组装期间就编码到无线电话中,或者在制造和测试无线电话期间输入。
然后用加法器(503)把最大增益设置和换算的输出功率之间的差值加到最大增益设置上。然后把这些信号之和用作校正最大增益设置。被检测功率的这种实时修正有助于减小由温度变化和发射放大器老化引起的误差。换句话说,如果最大增益设置和实时测得的功率值之间的差值为0,那么就不必进行校正。如果两者之间存在差值,则把该差值用于校正最大增益设置。
参见图3,当发射增益加法器(210)的输出等于或大于最大增益设置时,数字比较器(301)进行检测。比较器(301)控制2∶1转换器(302),它在加法器(210)的输出大于最大允许设置时输出最大允许设置。当加法器(210)的输出小于最大允许设置时,2∶1转换器(302)直接输出加法器(210)的输出。这阻止了发射机超出其最大工作点。
图4所示的闭环路功率控制部分(206)累加控制无线电话蜂窝区站在正向链路上发送的功率控制命令,并输出增益调整信号。在累加器(401)内选择功率控制命令。当发射功率放大器(201)正在输出最大允许功率时,由功率控制限制部分(205)控制累加器(401)的工作。
当加法器(210)的输出从小于变成等于或大于最大允许设置时,把闭环路功率控制累加器(401)的输出锁存入触发器(402)。当比较器(403)和与非门(NAND)(404)电路确定加法器(210)的输出等于或大于最大允许设置时,与(AND)门(405)屏蔽掉任何将迫使累加器(401)输出大于触发器(402)锁存值的闭环路功率控制命令。这可以防止进行功率限制时累加器饱和,而且允许闭环路功率控制设置在低于锁存值的范围内任意改变。
图6图示了本发明方法的另一个实施例,在该实施例中,根据累加器反馈控制使用功率限制控制系统。此系统的工作是首先用功率检测器(610)测量功率放大器(609)的输出功率。然后用ADC(611)对检测到的功率进行数字化,并用比较器(601)把它与最大允许设置进行比较。如果输出功率大于最大设置,则功率限制累加器(602)开始降低增益可变放大器(608)的增益使功率下降。如果输出功率小于最大设置,则功率限制累加器(602)返回到0dB的校正值。
在该实施例中,使用了与最佳实施例相似的闭环路功率控制限制功能(604和605)。然而,闭环路功率控制限制功能的触发器是一比较器(603),在功率限制累加器(602)进行输出功率限时检测。这时累加器(602)用比较器(603)将其输出于0dB比较。用加法器(606)把与最佳实施例中的表相似的线性化补偿表加到发射增益控制中。
在图7所示的另一个实施例中,使用基于闭环路功率控制累加器(702)的功率限制控制系统。此系统的工作首先用功率检测器(706)测量功率放大器(705)的输出功率。再把检测到的功率数字化,并用比较器(701)把它与最大允许设置进行比较。如果输出大于最大设置,闭环路功率控制累加器(702)被修正,使放大器(704)的功率每1.25ms下降一步,一直到输出功率小于最大设置。如果输出功率小于最大设置,则闭环路功率控制累加器不修正。还用加法器(703)把与最佳实施例中相似的线性化补偿表加到发射增益控制上。
在图8所示的另一个实施例中,使用基于积分反馈控制的功率限制控制系统。此系统的工作首先用功率检测器(809)测量功率放大器(808)的输出功率。再数字化所检测到的功率(810),并把它输入到积分器(801),进行如下式的积分:
Figure C9519011800161
(设置点-所测功率)dt
积分器(801)产生一增益控制信号,在0dB和—63dB校正时饱和。因此,增益控制信号被限制在一范围内。如果输出功率大于设置点,积分器以基于积分常数K的速率降低放大器(807)的输出功率,一直到到达设置点。积分器能使功率下降多达63dB。如果输出功率小于设置点,则将强制使积分器(801)的输出为零,因此,不再调节输出功率。
在该实施例中,使用了与最佳实施例相似的闭环路功率控制限制功能(803和804)。然而闭环路功率限制功能的触发器为一比较器(802),当功率限制积分器(801)正在限制输出功率时,它进行检测。还用加法器(805)把与最佳实施例中相似的线性补偿表加入到发射增益控制内。
在图9所示的又一个实施例中,使用仅基于测量由Rx功率查找表(902)确定的接收功率和与实际输出功率相对的闭环路功率控制设置的功率限制控制系统。可以用使用静态累加器(903)的最佳实施例或者上述各实施例之一来实现发射功率限制和闭环路功率控制限制功能(901)。然而,仅用接收功率和闭环路功率控制设置来估计发射输出功率。
总之,本发明的方法通过限制最大输出功率确保无线电发射机的发射边带和合成器的相位噪声维持在预先规定的范围内。该功率限制是用包括校准查找表的控制环路来实现的。因此,使用本发明方法的无线电话不会由于蜂窝区发出太多的功率提高命令而超过其额定最大功率电平。即使在蜂窝区错误地决定无线电话功率应当提高时,无线电话也能限制功率输出。

Claims (17)

1.一种具有发射功率校准能力的无线电装置,用于无线电通信系统,该无线电通信系统包含至少一个基站,向无线电装置发射包括功率控制命令的信号,无线电发射和接收信号具有多种频率,每种频率有一频率索引,而且通过具有控制输入端的增益可变的发射放大器(202;608;704;807)发射信号,通过具有控制输入端的增益可变接收放大器(212)接收信号,其特征在于,该无线电装置包含:
接收功率检测器(214),耦连到增益可变接收放大器(212)上,根据接收到的具有接收频率的信号产生接收功率值,
接收积分器,耦连到接收功率检测器(214)上,根据接收功率值产生开环功率控制信号;
接收线性化器(216),耦连到接收积分器和增益可变接收放大器上,响应于开环功率控制信号和对应于该接收频率的接收频率索引产生接收校准值,接收校准值耦连到增益可变接收放大器(212)的控制输入端,调节增益可变接收放大器(212)的增益;
闭环发射功率控制电路(206;603-605-702-802-804;903),耦连到所述增益可变发射放大器(202;608;704;807)上,响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令,产生闭环发射功率控制信号;
组合器(210;703;807),耦连到所述增益可变发射放大器(202;608;704;807)的控制输入端,响应于闭环发射功率控制信号和开环功率控制信号产生发射功率调节信号,该发射功率调节信号用于调节增益可变发射放大器(202;608;704;807)的增益;以及
发射线性化器(204),响应于发射的具有发射频率的信号的发射功率调节信号和对应于该发射频率的发射频率索引,产生发射校准值,该发射校准值耦连到增益可变发射放大器(202;608;704;807)的控制输入端,调节增益可变发射放大器(202;608;704;807)的增益。
2.如权利要求1所述的无线电装置,其特征在于,包含比较发射功率值与最大增益调置值的最大增益设置装置(301;601;701);以及如果发射功率值大于或等于最大增益调置值时,响应于最大增益设置值调节增益可变发射放大器(202;606)的增益和如果发射功率值小于最大增益设置值时,响应于发射功率值调节增益可变发射放大器(202;606)的增益的装置(203;603)。
3.如权利要求2所述的无线电装置,其特征在于,还包含:
发射功率检测器(207),耦连到增益可变发射放大器(202)上,根据发射的信号产生所述发射功率值;以及
饱和累加器(401),耦连到发射功率检测器(207)和组合器(210)上,响应于发射功率值产生发射功率控制信号,发射功率控制信号被限制在预定的范围内,并耦连到增益可变发射放大器(202)的控制输入端。
4.如权利要求2所述的无线电装置,其特征在于,还包含:
发射功率检测器(610),耦连到增益可变发射放大器(608)上,根据发射的信号产生所述发射功率值;以及
饱和累加器(602),耦连到发射功率检测器(610)和组合器上,响应于发射功率值产生发射功率控制信号,所述发射功率控制信号被限制在预定的范围内,并耦连到增益可变发射放大器(608)的控制输入端。
5.如权利要求2所述的无线电装置,其特征在于,还包含:
发射功率检测器(706),耦连到增益可变放大器(704)上,根据发射的信号产生所述发射功率值;以及
饱和累加器(702),耦连到发射功率检测器(706)和组合器(703)上,响应于发射功率值产生发射功率控制信号,该发射功率控制信号被限制在预定范围内,并耦连到增益可变发射放大器(704)的控制输入端。
6.如权利要求1所述的无线电装置,其特征在于,还包含:
发射功率检测器(809),耦连到增益可变发射放大器(807)上,根据发射的信号产生发射功率值;以及
发射积分器(801),耦连到发射功率检测器(809)和组合器上,响应于发射功率值产生发射功率控制信号,该发射功率控制信号被限制在预定范围内,并耦连到增益可变发射放大器(807)的控制输入端。
7.如权利要求6所述的无线电装置,其特征在于,还包含:
发射模拟数字转换器(810),耦连到发射功率检测器(809)上;
其中,发射积分器(801)根据所述发射功率值产生数字发射功率值;以及
所述发射线性化器耦加到发射积分器(801)和增益可变发射放大器(807)上,并插入在它们之间,响应于数字发射功率值和对应于发射频率的所述频率索引产生所述发射校准值。
8.如权利要求1至7之任一所述的无线电装置,其特征在于所述闭环功率控制电路包含饱和累加器(401;605;702;804;903)用于收集功率控制命令。
9.一种校正具有多个预定校准值、参考电压信号和增益可变接收放大器(212)的无线电装置的发射功率的方法,所述无线电在多个频率上进行发射和接收,每个频率具有频率索引,该方法包含下列步骤:
响应于从至少一个基站接收到的第一信号确定接收功率值,所述第一信号具有多个频率中的第一频率和一个相关联的第一频率索引;
响应于接收功率值和参考电压信号产生开环接收功率控制信号;
响应于开环接收功率第一频率索引选择第一预定校准值;
响应于第一预定校准值调节增益可变接收放大器(212);
通过具有第二增益和多个频率中的第二频率的发射放大器发射第二信号,第二频率具有第二频率索引;
确定第二信号的发射功率值;
响应于开环接收功率控制信号、第二频率索引以及发射功率值选择第二校准值;以及
响应于第二校准值调节第二增益。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还包含下列步骤:
在产生开环接收功率控制信号之前数字化接收功率值;以及
在调节第一增益之前,把第一预定校准值转换成模拟值。
11.如权利要求9或10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述无线电装置在无线电通信系统中工作,无线电通信系统包含至少一个发射包括传送给无线电装置的功率控制命令的基站,无线电装置包含增益可变发射放大器(202)和最大增益设置值,该方法包含下列步骤以限制在所述无线通信系统中工作的所述无线电装置的发射功率:
响应于至少一个基站发射的功率控制命令确定增益调节信号;
组合开环接收功率控制信号和增益调节信号产生和信号;
比较和信号和最大增益设置值;以及
如果和信号大于或等于最大增益设置值,则响应于最大增益设置值调节增益可变发射放大器(202);如果和信号小于最大增益设置值,则响应于和信号调节增益可变发射放大器(202)。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,最大增益设置值由下列步骤来提供:
用增益可变发射放大器(202)发射一个信号;
检测发射的信号的发射功率;
换算所述发射功率值,产生经换算的功率信号;
从经换掳的功率信号中减去标称最大增益设置值,产生差值信号;以及
把该差值信号加到所述标称最大增益设置值上,以提供所述最大增益设置值。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,
响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令确定增益调节信号;以及
如果所述发射于或等于最大增益设置值,禁止响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令改变该增益调节信号。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还包含:
响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令确定增益调节信号;
用增益可变发射放大器(608;807)发射一个信号;
确定该发射的信号的发射功率值;
对所述发射功率值数字化;以及
比较经数字化的功率值和最大增益设置值;
如果数字化功率值大于最大增益设置值,则减少增益可变发射放大器(608;807)的增益;以及
如果经数字化的功率值大于最大增益设置值,则禁止响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令改变增益调节信号。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令确定增益调节信号,所述无线电装置具有一个饱和累加器(702),该饱和累加器产生所述增益调节信号,所述方法进一步包含下列步骤:
用增益可变发射放大器(704)发射一个信号;
检测发射的信号的发射功率值;
数字化所述发射功率值;以及
比较经数字化的功率值和最大增益设置值;
如果经数字化的功率值大于最大增益设置值,则每一预定单位时间减少增益调节信号一预定的量,直到增益调节信号小于最大增益设置值;以及
如果经数字化的发射功率值小于或等于最大增益设置值,则响应于增益调节信号改变增益可变放大器(704)的增益。
16.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令确定增益调节信号,所述无线电装置具有一个饱累加器(804),该饱和累加器产生所述增益调节信号,所述方法进一步包含下列步骤:
用增益可变发射放大器(807)发射一个信号;
检测发射的信号的发射功率值;
数字化所述发射功率值;
确定经数字化的发射功率值与最大增益设置值之间的差值;以及
对该差值进行积分,产生增益控制信号,并把该增益控制信号限制在预定范围内;
如果增益控制信号小于预定值,则禁止响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令通过调节增益可变放大器(807)来改变增益调节信号。
17.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,响应于至少一个基站发送的功率控制命令确定增益调节信号,所述无线电装置具有一个饱和累加器(903),该累加器产生所述增益调节信号,所述方法进一步包含下列步骤:
响应于发射功率值和开环接收功率信号产生限制增益控制设置值,限制增益控制设置值在预定的范围内;
组合开环功率控制信号和限制增益控制设置值,产生增益控制设置;以及
响应于增益控制设置值调节增益可变发射放大器。
CN95190118A 1994-02-28 1995-02-17 无线电话系统中的反向链路、发射功率校正和限制 Expired - Lifetime CN1078022C (zh)

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