CN1077952C - 电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统 - Google Patents

电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统 Download PDF

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CN1077952C
CN1077952C CN94103825A CN94103825A CN1077952C CN 1077952 C CN1077952 C CN 1077952C CN 94103825 A CN94103825 A CN 94103825A CN 94103825 A CN94103825 A CN 94103825A CN 1077952 C CN1077952 C CN 1077952C
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load
motor
drive
differential
engine
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CN1109152A (zh
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杨泰和
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Priority to GB9303513A priority Critical patent/GB2275309B/en
Priority to US08/087,269 priority patent/US5489001A/en
Priority to DE69418023T priority patent/DE69418023T2/de
Priority to EP94300823A priority patent/EP0666192B1/en
Priority to ES94300823T priority patent/ES2131157T3/es
Priority to CA002115005A priority patent/CA2115005C/en
Priority to AU55032/94A priority patent/AU676522B2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN94103825A priority patent/CN1077952C/zh
Priority to BR9401023A priority patent/BR9401023A/pt
Publication of CN1109152A publication Critical patent/CN1109152A/zh
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    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48Parallel type
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    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60K17/348Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3515Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with a clutch adjacent to traction wheel, e.g. automatic wheel hub
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    • B60K2006/262Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators the motor or generator are used as clutch, e.g. between engine and driveshaft
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    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K2006/4833Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/91Orbital, e.g. planetary gears
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/915Specific drive or transmission adapted for hev
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/952Housing details

Abstract

一种电能转储式耦合复合动力系统主要由内燃引擎(或其他回转动力源)输出轴直接或经传动装置或耦合器连结于交流或直流有刷或无刷式电机结构的电磁耦合驱动装置输入轴;或连结于具双端轴结构且双端轴分别结合可回转磁场及可回转转子而受控于操控装置,于输入电流作为电动机或作发电输出并借助输出电流形成耦合扭矩,或用以启动引擎;或作再生发电制动,并于引擎单独驱动时借助可回转磁场及回转转子间转速差对蓄电瓶充电,而操控充电电流调整输出转速。

Description

电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统
本发明涉及一种电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统。
近年来能源及噪音污染日趋严重,电力驱动运载工具较适于减轻上述的问题:观看电动运载工具的研究及发展至今因受电瓶容量的局限而无法获得较大航程,若欲增加电瓶的体积及数量以克服之,相对地亦增加运载工具本身的重量而耗费较多的电能,不合经济的条件,故在电瓶技术问题未获得重大突破之前,较为实用的驱动方式为采用复式驱动结构的设计,目前已发展出来的有:
(A)动力混合用,此种型式为电动汽车最典型的结构型式,其为借引擎驱动发电机产生电能对电瓶充电,再由电瓶供电给驱动马达以带动车辆,唯此项方式总效率偏低,如通用汽车所发表的GM HX3;
(B)同步功率共轴式,其为将引擎的动力输出轴借助离合器直接串连结合驱动马达的转轴,再对车辆产生驱动及控速作用,如西德国民汽车的VW CHI CO。
上述(B)项中所述的引擎与马达两者仅能择其中之一作输出驱动而无法作功率相加。
本发明的主要目的乃在于提供一种电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征为借助引擎或其他回转动力源的输出轴结合一电磁耦合驱动装置,该电磁耦合驱动装置为由交流或直流有刷式或无刷式电机结构经差动轮系与引擎输出轴耦合或为呈双端轴的结构而其两端分别结合于一可回转磁场及可回转转子,并以可回转转子的转轴或以磁场转轴为总输出轴构成电磁耦合装置;此项设计可将引擎的输出与电磁耦合驱动装置本身产生的输出作功率相加及速度相加,且其相加过程不受两者的速度关系所影响;使系统体积较小,节省成本及空间,并能接受操控装置的控制,而于输入电流时产生电动机的驱动功能,或作发电输出并借助输出电流形成耦合扭矩产生变速耦合功能,或作为启动引擎和作为再生发电制动,特别是于引擎单独驱动时,借助可回转磁场与回转转子之间的转速差以对蓄电瓶充电,而操控其充电电流大小即可获调整一负载间的转速差,而引擎可为定速或调变部分转速以维持运转于较高运转效率及较低污染的工作转速,而由电磁耦合驱动装置产生差速输出,即在提升引擎效率及减少污染中获得对蓄电瓶充电电能及作可变速的耦合,此外亦可作为驱动马达以单独作回转输出驱动负载或与引擎同时回转驱动负载。
本发明所提供的一种借助差速装置作差动耦合的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统主要构成有:
回转动力源,其为由内燃引擎或其他回转动力源所构成,主动侧回转动力源设有一刹车器组,并设有转速或功率控制器(如以内燃引擎为主动侧回转动力源时的油量控制器),供耦合于人工或中央控制器的指令输出侧;
差速装置,其包括由电磁耦合驱动装置驱动的太阳齿轮及由主动侧回转动力源驱动的外环齿轮及作为差动输出的游星齿轮构成的差动轮系组,差动齿轮组具有一对外输出共同中心轴;及由具有转子及磁场结构的回转型的电磁耦合驱动装置,在系统操作中借助输入电能作为马达,及将惯性转为电能作为发电机,及将差速装置分配部分主动侧回转动力源驱动动能转为发电对电瓶充电而与系统输出负载共同成为主动侧回转动力源的负载;借助对电瓶充电功率的调整而调整系统输出负载与主动侧回转动力源间的转速差,特别是当主动侧回转动力源为引擎时,上述作用使引擎动作于较佳工作区而维持对负载驱动转速的操控性:
上述差速装置进一步包括由定子及转子皆呈自由回转结构的电磁耦合驱动装置所构成,特别是当设置于前轮与后轮间作为四轮传动的动力分配或设置于引擎与负载间作总功率和差分配时;电磁耦合驱动装置的磁场及转子结构为兼具发电机或电动机的动作特性,由永磁式或线圈激磁式构成磁场及永久磁铁或滑环导电绕线式转子或由具有整流子的电枢所构成的串激或分激或复激或同步或异步的无刷式电机或步进式电机所构成;
接受中央控制器指令所操控的电磁耦合驱动装置操控单元,供操控电磁耦合驱动装置的输出、入电流或与蓄电瓶间的充电或放电电压、电流及电磁耦合驱动装置本身提供电磁刹车效应阻尼时的电枢电流输出的操控;
各类蓄电瓶等具有可充放电特性的各种电能蓄储装置的蓄电瓶;
作为系统的回转输出端供驱动负载的输出轴,其上可视需要选择加设刹车器,以在系统操作中由系统负载作阻尼或进一步借助刹车器共用提供阻尼;
中央控制器,其为由固态或机电元件所构成以接受人工或信号操控指令以操控系统;
其包括借助双动型电磁耦合驱动装置所构成,其主要结构为:
以汽油、柴油、酒精、瓦斯、氢气等为燃料的内燃引擎;
内燃引擎原动回转输出轴;
耦合器,其可为盘状连轴器、万向接头或其他习用的轴对轴,或轴对同轴回转物的连结装置;
电磁耦合驱动装置的可回转驱动磁场,其为借助前述耦合器直接耦合于内燃引擎原动回转输出轴作直接回转动能传输,或借助传动装置耦合引擎输出轴作回转驱动;
定子激磁线圈:是接受中央控制器所操控,及借助导电环输入可控制极性及电流大小激磁电流,供产生相对磁场,或由永久磁铁磁场结构所构成交流或直流整流子电机或无刷式同步或异步电机所构成;
电枢导电刷座绝缘衬套;
电枢导电刷座绝缘盖;
电枢导电刷座;
电枢导电刷;
回转电枢换向器,于电磁耦合装置为整流子式电机结构,供转子换向及导电用,构造为圆筒状或盘状或锥状结构,其电刷及电刷座为相对设置于其外侧或侧面;
回转转子,其为具整流子式电枢含传统绕组及齿状铁芯的圆筒状直流电枢结构,或印刷式电枢转子结构,或杯型电枢转子结构,或无铁芯电枢转子结构,或其他交流或直流电机电枢结构,或无刷式则包括由永久磁铁所构成;
电枢转子输出轴;
导电滑环绝缘衬套;
电枢及磁场输出入导电环:分别连接于电枢输出入导电刷座及连接于磁场激磁线圈两端,若为无刷机则上述相关刷座及电刷组等可依需求选择;
耦合于导电环的电刷;
耦合于导电环的电刷座;
耦合于导电环电刷的绝缘座;
内燃引擎原动输出轴电磁制动器,其借助键、销或其他方式与输出轴结合,于通电时产生制动;包括借助电能或人工、气压、油压等方式操作以取代;
电磁耦合驱动装置输出侧电磁制动装置,其借助键、销或其他方式与输出轴结合,而于通电时产生制动;包括以人工、气压或油压等方式操作取代;
电瓶组:依需求选用各式可充放电蓄电池或燃料电池;
引擎速度回授配合检速发电机,其为耦合于原动输出轴,而供产生引擎速度相对的模拟或数字信号的检测装置,其耦合位置包括选定于其他与引擎转速成比例的传动装置;
输出轴速度发电机,其为耦合于输出侧电枢转子输出轴或驱动轮系中与输出轴转数成比例位置,而借助光电或电磁效应产生与输出轴速度相对应的模拟或数字信号;
中央控制器,其为习用固态或机电式元件、微型处理器等元件所构成,包括操控单元及驱动介面单元;
电磁耦合驱动装置的可回转磁场与可回转转子间离合器装置,其为由电磁或流体力或机械力所操控,“关”打开时使磁场与转子可作相对回转,“开”闭合时磁场与转子间作直接锁合传动;
周边装置,其包括电磁式油门调整驱动装置,借助的回授对油门作相对驱动调整,进而使引擎作定速运转者;
辅助发电机,为直流或借助整流器整流的交流发电机,借助皮带或其他传动装置以接受引擎驱动产生发电功能;
电压调整器,供于不同引擎转速的下控制发电机产生充电电压以对电瓶充电。
以下配合附图详细说明本发明的特征及优点:
图1表示借助差动轮系作差动耦合的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统的实施例的示意图;
图2表示借助双动型电磁耦合驱动装置构成电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统的实施例的示意图;
图3表示本发明的电能转储式差动耦合动力系统的分段负载式实施例的示意图;
图3A表示本发明的电能转储式差动耦合动力系统及结构的后轴单侧输出的应用实施例的示意图;
图4表示本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统分段负载式
实施例的示意图;
图5表示本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统借助串联双差动轮系构成实施例的示意图;
图6表示本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统借助具有协助驱动负荷值扭力特性的辅助电机混合驱动构成的引擎动力系统实施例的示意图;
图6A表示图6中的引擎动力系统后端负载侧供驱动单一输出轴的实施例的示意图;
图7为由引擎动力原侧具轮与辅助电机齿轮啮合构成并联型态结构的电动转储式差动耦合复合动力系统的示意图;
图8为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统前置引擎及后置减载时呈增速特性的驱动马达实施例的示意图;
图8A为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统前置引擎及后轮分别具有减载时呈增速特性的驱动马达实施例的示意图;
图8B为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统前置引擎及后置由减载时呈增速特性的马达驱动单一后轮实施例的示意图;
图9表示本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统应用于引擎与马达共同车轮的实施例示意图。
图1所揭示为借助差动轮系作差动耦合的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统实施例,图1中主要构成如下:
回转动力源P101:由内燃引擎或其他回转动力源所构成,主动侧回转动力源设有一刹车器组B101,并设有转速或功率控制器PC101(如以内燃引擎为主动侧回转动力源时则为油量控制器),供耦合于人工或中央控制器CCU101的指令输出侧;
差速装置100:包括由电磁耦合驱动装置驱动的太阳齿轮101及由主动侧回转动力源驱动的外环齿轮102及作为差动输出的游星齿轮103所构成的差动轮系组,差动齿轮组具有一对外输出共同中心轴S104;及由具有转子及磁场结构的回转的电磁耦合驱动装置M101,在系统操作中借助输入电能作为马达,及将惯性转为电能作为发电机,及将差速装置分配部分主动侧回转动力源驱动动能转为发电对电瓶充电而与系统输出负载共同成为主动侧回转动力源的负载;借助对电瓶充电功率的调整而调整系统输出负载与主动侧回转动力源间的转速差,特别是当主动侧回转动力源为引擎时,上述作用使引擎动作于较佳工作区而维持对负载驱动转速的操控性;
上述差速装置进一步包括由定子及转子皆呈自由回转结构的电磁耦合驱动装置M101所构成,尤指设置于前轮与后轮间作为四轮传动的动力分配或设置于引擎与负载间作总功率和差分配;电磁耦合驱动装置的磁场及转子结构为兼具发电机或电动机的动作特性,由永磁式或线圈激磁式构成磁场及永久磁铁或滑环导电绕线式转子或由具有整流子的电枢所构成的串激或分激或复激或为同步或异步的无刷式电机或步进式电机所构成;
接受中央控制器CCU101指令所操控的电磁耦合驱动装置操控单元D101,供操控电磁耦合驱动装置的输出入电流或与蓄电瓶间的充电或放电电压、电流及电磁耦合驱动装置本身提供电磁刹车效应阻尼时的电枢电流输出的操控;
各类蓄电瓶等具有可充放电特性的各种电能蓄储装置的蓄电瓶BT101;
作为系统的回转输出端供驱动负载的输出轴S103,其上可视需要选择加设刹车器B103,以在系统操作中由系统负载作阻尼或进一步借助刹车器B103共用提供阻尼;
中央控制器CCU101,其为由固态或机电元件所构成以接受人工或信号操控指令以操控系统;其功能如表一的全部或部分功能所示。
图1实施例的功能表一内容如下:
F1-A F1-B F1--C F1-D:为关于对负载低速输出驱动的系统动作;
F2:为以电瓶电力输入电磁耦合驱动装置作马达动作以驱动负载的系统动作;
F3:为驱动引擎及由电瓶电力输入电磁耦合驱动装置作马达运作以形成输出转速及功率相加的大功率输出的系统运作;
F4:为负载侧机械动能回授驱动电磁耦合驱动装置作为发电机将电能回收至蓄电瓶的系统运作;
F5:为由引擎驱动电磁耦合驱动装置作为发电机对蓄电瓶充电的系统操作;此功能并进一步含可作预设自动停止充电的时间操控;
F6:为由电磁耦合驱动装置作为马达动作,借助电瓶电力驱动马达进而启动引擎。表一
Figure C9410382500231
表一(续)
Figure C9410382500241
图2所揭示为借助双动型电磁耦合驱动装置构成电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统实施例,图2中主要为由内燃引擎的回转输出轴直接或经传动链条、齿轮、皮带等传动装置或耦合器连结于电磁变速耦合驱动装置的输入轴,该电磁耦合驱动装置为一种双端轴结构,其两端轴分别结合于一可回转磁场及可回转转子的结构,而接受控制装置的控制,于输入电流时产生马达的驱动功能用以启动引擎或作为驱动马达,以单独作回转输出驱动负载或与引擎共同回转驱动负载,而于作为发电输出时供产生耦合力矩,和作再生发电制动:例如于引擎单独驱动时作为可变速的耦合装置,可回转磁场与可回转转子间并具有借助电磁或液力或机力驱动的离合器组以供闭合时使磁场与转子间呈耦合作直接传动而借助由操控引擎以控速。
图2所示实施例其主要构成如下:
以汽油、柴油、酒精、瓦斯、氢气等为燃料的内燃引擎P201;
内燃引擎原动回转输出轴S202;
耦合器203,其可为盘状连轴器、万向接头或其他习用的轴对轴或轴对同轴回转物的连结装置;
电磁耦合驱动装置M201的可回转驱动磁场204,其为借助前述耦合器203直接耦合于内燃引擎原动回转输出轴S202作直接回转动能传输,或借助传动装置耦合引擎输出轴作回转驱动;
定子激磁线圈205,其接受中央控制器CCU221所操控,及借助导电环输入可控制极性及电流大小激磁电流,供产生相对磁场者,或由永久磁铁磁场结构所构成交流或直流整流子电机或无刷式同步或异步电机所构成者:
电枢导电刷座绝缘衬套206;
电枢导电刷座绝缘盖207;
电枢导电刷座208;
电枢导电刷209;
回转电枢换向器210,于电磁耦合装置为整流子式电机结构,供转子换向及导电用,构造为圆筒状或盘状或锥状结构,其电刷及电刷座为相对设置于其外侧或侧面;
回转转子211,其为具整流子式电枢含传统绕组及齿状铁芯的圆筒状直流电枢结构,或印刷式电枢转子结构,或杯型电枢转子结构,或无铁芯电枢转子结构,或其他交流或直流电机电枢结构,或无刷式则含由永久磁铁所构成;
电枢转子输出轴S212;
导电滑环绝缘衬套213;
电枢及磁场输出入导电环214:分别连接于电枢输出、入导电刷座及连接于磁场激磁线圈两端,若为无刷机则上述相关刷座及电刷组等可依需求选择;
耦合于导电环的电刷215;
耦合于导电环的电刷座216;
耦合于导电环电刷的绝缘座217;
内燃引擎原动输出轴电磁制动器B101,其借助键、销或其他方式与输出轴结合,于通电时产生制动;含借助电能或人工、气压、油压等方式操作以取代;
电磁耦合驱动装置M201输出侧电磁制动装置B103,其借助键、销或其他方式与输出轴结合,而于通电时产生制动;含以人工、气压或油压等方式操作取代;
电瓶组BT220,可依需求选用各式可充放电蓄电池或燃料电池;
引擎速度回授检速发电机TG1,其为耦合于原动输出轴,而供产生引擎速度相对的模拟或数字信号的检测装置,其耦合位置含选定于其他与引擎转速成比例的传动装置;
输出轴速度发电机TG2,其为耦合于输出侧电枢转子输出轴或驱动轮系中与输出轴转数成比例位置,而借助光电或电磁效应产生与输出轴速度相对应的模拟或数字信号;
中央控制器CCU221,其为借助习用固态或机电式元件、微型处理器等元件所构成,包括操控单元及驱动介面单元;
电磁耦合驱动装置M201的可回转磁场与可回转围子间离合器装置CL222:为由电磁或流体力或机械力所操控,“关”打开时使磁场与转子可作相对因转,“开”闭合时磁场与转子间作直接锁合传动;
周边装置,其含电磁式油门调整驱动装置,借助TG1的回授对油门作相对驱动调整,进而使引擎作定速运转;
辅助发电机,其为直流或借助整流器整流的交流发电机,借助皮带或其他传动装置以接受引擎驱动产生发电功能;
电压调整器,供于不同引擎转速的下控制发电机产生充电电压以对电瓶充电。
图2的各项输出功能如表二所示:表二
Figure C9410382500271
表二(续)
Figure C9410382500281
图3所示为此项电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统的分段负载式实施例之一,主要为主动侧回转动力源输出先驱动前端直接负载再输往后端差动轮系结合电磁耦合驱动装置以驱动末端负载;
图3主要构成如下:
主动侧回转动力单元300,其为一内燃引擎或其他回转动力源;
前端负载W301,其为两组被驱动之前轮及以地面驱动阻抗为负载或其他负载;
直接负载的中间齿轮箱与传动装置及操作机构介面M302(包括传统前轮传动的自排或手排变速操控系统),除供驱动前端负载外,并具有向后延伸一组或一组以上与前端负载的回转输出具有等比或非等比的转速比中轴S301(类同四轮传动的向后延伸的后轮传动中轴),其特征为中轴与作为马达及发电机的电磁耦合驱动装置M301共轴并在与原动侧的中间齿轮箱与传动装置及操作机构介面M302间设有离合器CL301,与后端差动齿轮箱间设有一动力传输型可操控离合器CL302,离合器含由人工或流体力或机械力所操控的机械式离合器或由电力所操控的电磁离合器者;
后端差动齿轮箱310,其中小齿轮301接受离合器所驱动并于啮合于大齿轮302,与大齿轮结合的差动齿轮323、324分别驱动两输出齿轮组303、304及两输出轴所带动的负载W310、W311;大齿轮302藉小齿轮啮合动力源,其中前端小齿轮301供经离合器CL301通往主动回转动力单元;
电磁耦合驱动装置M301,其为一种由交流或直流无刷或有刷式电机装置所构成而与中轴S301为共轴结构,并经可操控离合器CL301输往小齿轮301,小齿轮为啮合于差动轮系上的大齿轮302,其电机特性含作为驱动马达及具有可将机械回转动能转为电能的再生发电;以及具有随负荷愈小速度愈高电机特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机供产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力,并具有能与主动侧回转动力源共同驱动时产生协助驱动负载扭力加值的协助驱动特性者;
中央控制器CCU301,其为由机电或固态电子元件所构成或混合构成,匹配输入操作指令及原动侧回转动力源的负荷状态(如油门状态)及运转状态(如速度)及输出操控电磁耦合驱动装置作发电机或马达或断电空载的运作状态,中央控制器CCU301并对离合器CL301作固锁及松脱的操控驱动。
上述系统呈现前述表一的功能外并增加下列功能:
F11:主动侧回转动力源直接驱动所属前端负载;此时离合器CL301松开;
F12:主动侧回转动力源同时驱动前端负载及对后端差动轮系输入动能;此时离合器CL301及CL302闭合;
F13:主动侧回转动力源仅对后端差动轮系输入动能;此时离合器CL301及CL302闭合,而前端操作机构介面M302对前端负载轮呈空档;
F14:电磁耦合驱动装置M301与主动侧回转动力源同时驱动全部负载;此时离合器CL301及CL302闭合,主动侧回转动力源停止;
F15:电磁耦合驱动装置M301仅驱动后端差动轮系输出负载;此时离合器CL301松开,CL302闭合,主动侧回转动力源停止;
F16:电磁耦合驱动装置M301同时驱动前端负载及差动轮系输出端负载;此时离合器CL301及CL302闭合,主动侧回转动力源停止;
F17:电磁耦合驱动装置M301仅驱动前端负载;此时离合器CL302松开,CL301闭合,主动侧回转动力源停止;
F18:电磁耦合驱动装置M301作为启动主动侧引擎;此时离合器CL301闭合,CL302松开,前端操作机构介面M302呈空档;
F19:电磁耦合驱动装置M301被主动侧回转动力源所驱动,作为发电机对电瓶充电或供应其他负载;此时原动引擎启动,离合器CL301闭合,CL302松开,前端操作机构介面M302呈空档。
图3实施例进一步具有下列设计的变化:
后端差动齿轮原两负载端仅作单端输出,电磁耦合驱动装置M301耦合于差动齿轮箱两负载端其中之一,另一端通往负载,电磁耦合驱动装置M301除可借助发电输出电流的反转矩作为阻尼外亦加设制动器B301于电磁耦合驱动装置的转部供作锁固或回转输出操控,中轴S301与后端负载间离合器可省略不用,电磁耦合驱动装置M301及制动器B301为由中央控制器CCU302所操控;当驱动转向呈反转时,则前后端负载可视为对调;图3A为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统及结构后轴单侧输出应用例。
图4所示为本发明的电能转信式差动耦合复合动力系统的分段负载式例实施例之二,其包括:
主动侧回转动力源输出先直接驱动部分负载再输往双端轴式电磁耦合装置的一端供驱动末端负载;
电磁耦合器动装置的另一端与负载的传动方式包括直接通往另一部分负载(或经传动元件再通往另一部分负载),或经差动轮系传给具差动性需求的负载(如双组后车轮);其主要构成如下:
主动侧回转动力单元400,其为一内燃引擎;
直接驱动的负载W401,其为一组或一组以上被驱动的轮并具有来自于负载的驱动阻抗;
直接驱动负载的中间齿轮箱与传动装置及操作介面M402(包括传统前轮传动的自排或手排变速操控系统),其除驱动前轮外并具有向后直接延伸或与直接负载的输出转速具有等速比或不等速比转速比例的中轴S401(类同四轮传动的向后延伸的后轮传动中轴),其特征为中轴与固定机壳之间设有由中央控制器CCU401所操控的刹车器B401;
电磁耦合驱动装置M401,其为呈双端轴的结构,包括一可转动的磁场及可转动的转子所构成的双动结构,可回转磁场及可回转转子分别衔接传动用中轴及后端差动齿轮箱401的输入轴,以驱动两侧可差动负载W402;
可旋转磁场及可旋转转子间可依需要增设离合装置CL402接受中央控制CCU401所操控供在操控中提供直接使两者作机械性同步锁固,或可依需要而不设置;
电磁耦合驱动装置为由具有随负荷愈小速度愈高电机特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机供产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力,并接受驱动电路D401作驱动操控;
驱动电路装置D401为介于电磁耦合驱动M401与蓄电瓶BT401之间接受中央控制器CCU401的操控指令所操控能操控电磁耦合驱动装置作为马达或发电机功能;
中央控制器CCU401则依操作者操作指令及主动侧回转动力单元400的运作状态而作成相对应的操控指令输往驱动电路装置D401;
电磁耦合驱动装置双动结构与后端差动齿轮箱连结侧进一步可依需求加设与机壳间的制动器B402以供作为驱动前端负载或启动引擎。
上述直接驱动负载与差动分配负载包括由含有一组或一组以上的回转动力源及一组或一组以上直接驱动负载及一组或一组以上双动型电磁耦合驱动装置及其所驱动负载的扩大型的复式结构。
上述系统除具有前述表一的功能外,并具有下列新功能:
F21:主动侧回转动力源驱动前负载;此时电磁耦合戏动装置M401呈断电状态;
F22:主动侧回转动力源驱动后端负载;此时电磁耦合驱动装置M401呈发电机状态或离合器CL402闭合,而前端操控介面M402呈空档;
F23:主动侧回转动力源同时驱动前后端负载;此时电磁耦合驱动装置M401受电呈马达功能;
F24:电磁耦合驱动装置驱动后端负载;此时电磁耦合驱动装置M401受电呈马达动作功能而制动器B401闭合;
F25:电磁耦合驱动装置同时驱前后端负载;此时电磁耦合驱动装置M401受电呈马达动作功能。
F26:电磁耦合驱动装置M401仅供驱动前端负载;此时制动器B401打开,B402闭合,主动侧回转动力源停止;
F27:电磁耦合驱动装置M401作为启动主动侧引擎;此时制动器B402闭合,B401打开,前端操作机构介面M402呈空档;
F28:电磁耦合驱动装置M401被主动侧回转动力源所驱动,作为发电机对电瓶充电或供应其他负载;此时原动引擎启动,制动器B401打开,B402闭合。
图5所示为本发明电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统借助串联双差动轮系构成实施例,主要借助输入轴牵动第一差动轮组与由电磁耦合驱动装置所牵动的第二差动轮组呈和及差的合成驱动结构,供驱动两输出轮及输出轴作差动输出,其主要构成如下:
原动侧动力源P501,其由内燃引擎或其他回转动力源所构成;
输入轴S501,其为供结合原动侧回转动力源并牵动小齿轮502进而带动大齿轮503;
大齿轮503,其为啮合于输入小齿轮502并驱动第一差动轮系差动齿轮组504、505的框架530,进而带动差动齿轮组504、505,并与第二差动轮组506共同与差动轮组510呈和及差的驱动结构;
第二差动轮组506,其为啮合第二输入齿轮507,第二输入齿轮507则啮合于第二输入齿轮508,第二输入齿轮508则与电磁混合驱动装509结合驱动;
差动轮510,其借助框架531与第二差动轮系的输入差动齿轮组511、512及输出差动轮513、514及两组输出轴S515、S516共同构成差动输出结构者;
电磁耦合驱动装置M509,其为供产生协助驱动负载的加值扭力,具有随负荷愈小速度愈高的电机负载特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机,磁场与转子间设有一离合器CL519作为磁场与转子间锁固或松开的操作;
制动器B518,其为供设置于静止机壳及原动侧回转动力源的输入端;
驱动电路D517,其为接受中央控制器CCU520的指令操控电磁耦合驱动装置的运作状态包含作驱动马达操作;或操控蓄电瓶组BT521输往电磁耦合驱动装置M509间的输出电流值(包括设定电流)对负载作加值扭力协助驱动,与原动侧回转运力源共同驱动负载;或借助操控电磁耦合驱动装置对蓄电瓶组BT521充电电流以产生阻尼;
中央控制器CCU520,其为由机电或固态电子元件所构成或混合构成,依操作信号及原动侧回转动力负荷状态信号(如油门状态)及运转状态信号(如速度),以输出操控电磁耦合驱动装置作发电机或马达或断电空载等动作状态。
此外,中央控制顺CCU520与制动器CL519及制动器B518作成固锁及松脱的操控状态含:
(1)由电磁耦合驱动装置驱动负载或作发电再生制动时,制动器B518呈可锁固状态;
(2)由原动侧回转动力源驱动负载时,制动器CL519呈可锁固状态;
(3)由原动侧回转动力源与电磁耦合驱动装置共同驱动负载时,制动器B518及制动器CL519皆呈松脱状态。
图6为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统借助具有协助驱动负荷加值扭力特性的辅助电机混合驱动构成的引擎动力系统实施例,主要为借助具有随负荷愈小速度愈高电机特性的串激或助复激型辅助电机或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机以产生随负荷操控加值扭力的功能。
本发明的系统主要构成如下:
回转动力源,其由引擎或其他回转动力源,与输入轴S601间具有动力传输离合器或具空档及变速的传动装置;
输入轴S601,其为接收来自引擎或其他回转动力源所驱动,并借助第一小齿轮602耦合于输入大齿轮603;
输入大齿轮603,其为供结合牵动两组差动齿轮组605、615以及另行耦合第二小齿轮604以和辅助电机M610作动力耦合;
左侧差动轮606,其供驱动左输出轴S608;
右侧差动轮607,其供驱动右输出轴S609;
辅助电机M610,其为接受驱动器D611所驱动,特别为由具有随负荷愈小转速愈高电机特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机以产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力的特性,电机组供耦合于差动轮系的输入大齿轮或耦合于更接近引擎原动侧,借助传动元件与原动侧回转轴耦合;
驱动电机驱动器D611,其构成包括由机电元件或固态元件所构成或混合构成,为接受中央控制器CCU620所操控,依原动侧的驱动运作状态(如转速、耗油量及总驱动需求指令值)对辅助电机作成包括:自电瓶组BT612取得电能作电动机输出,或作为发电机对电瓶组充电,或空载等状态的操控;
中央控制器CCU620,其为依系统输出操作指令及原动侧动作状态(包括转速、耗油量)以对驱动器D611发出相对指令,此系统的运作至少包括:原动侧呈开路(即与输入轴间借助离合器松开或操作变速齿轮呈空档状态),借助电瓶电力驱动辅助电机作马达功能驱动负载;原动侧回转输入时,借助对辅助电机作电流操控进而调节其对原动侧的协助驱动扭力;辅助电机呈开路由原动侧作驱动操作;原动侧处于轻载输入时或减速需求时辅助电机呈发电机状态对电瓶组充电;
储电装置BT612,其为由可充放电电瓶组所构成,可选用自各种可充放电的二次电瓶或燃料电瓶。
借助上述系统而构成一有用及具良好效益的混合动力系统。
若本发明的系统后端负载侧所驱动为单一输出轴,图6A所示为图6系统后端负载侧供驱动单一输出轴的实施例,其与图6不同者在于由输入大齿轮603直接结合输入轴S601,并省略原差动轮系,而辅助电机M610则仍借助第二小齿轮604耦合于大齿轮603。
此外本发明的系统亦可如图7所示由引擎原动侧齿轮与辅助电机齿轮啮合构成并联型态结构的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,引擎P702与输出大齿轮704间具有离合装置CL705;若引擎与辅助电机共同输出端具有离合器CL706(或变速箱具有空档),则可在切断与输出轴S707动力连系的状态下由辅助电机启动引擎或由引擎带动电电机对电瓶充电;以及具有驱动电机驱动器D711,供接受中央控制器CCU720的指令输入及输出操控辅助电机,其构成包括由机电元件或固态元件所构成或混合构成;以及具有中央控制器CCU720,为依系统输出操作指令及原动侧动作状态(包括转速、耗油量)以对驱动器D711发出相对输出指令;以及具有储电装置BT712,为由可充放电电瓶组所构成,其种类可选用自各种可充放电的二次电瓶或燃料电瓶;本发明的系统构成的特征在于:
辅助电机M701,其为具有随负荷愈小转速愈高的电机负载特性串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)交流或直流有刷或无刷机供产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力特性功能,并借助小齿轮703耦合于输出大齿轮704。
本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统进一步可借助减载时呈增速特性的驱动马达与引擎驱动动力源作运转中的复合驱动,图8所示本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统前置引擎及后置减载时呈增速特性的驱动马达实施例,其主要构成如下:
前置引擎800为由汽油或柴油或其他燃料内燃引擎所构成供经传动机构801驱动两前轮W805及W806;
后置马达为一种减载时呈增速特性的马达810,为由串激马达或助复激马达或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机所构成,以直接或经差动减速轮系811随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能驱动后轮W812及W813。
图8A为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统前置引擎及后轮分别具有减载时呈增速特性的驱动马达实施例,其主要构成如下:
前置引擎800为由汽油、柴油或酒精或氢气或其他燃料所驱动的内燃引擎,供经驱动机构801驱动两前轮W805及W806;
后置马达为一种减载时呈增速特性的串激或助复激或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机821、822直接或经传动轮系823、824以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能,各别驱动两侧后轮W825、W826。
图8B所示为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统前置引擎及后置由减载时呈增速特性的马达驱动单一后轮实施例,其主要构成如下:
前置引擎800为由汽油或柴油或酒精或氢气或其他燃料所驱动的内燃引擎,经传动装置801驱动两侧前轮W805及W806;
后置供驱动单组后轮W834的减载时呈增速特性的马达832为由串激或复激型马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作电流值操控(包括恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机直接或经传动轮系833以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能驱动后轮。
在实际应用中前述图8及图8A、图8B实施例中,其前置引擎及后置马达可视应用需要作前后对调。
图8及图8A及图8B的特性包括:
(1)以内燃引擎驱动运载工具;
(2)以电力马达驱动运载工具作前进或倒车;
(3)(1)与(2)同时驱动;
(4)借助电力马达起动及巡航中牵动引擎以发动之,并作后续运转;
(5)煞车时马达转为发电机对电瓶充电;
(6)引擎驱动中同时使马达转为发电机对电瓶充电。
图8、图8A、图8B所示系统其电瓶可为传统铅酸镍镉镍氢或其他可充电电瓶,而马达操控装置则为操控马达作马达运转及操控设定其电流正反转或调整以及作为发电机。
本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统在实际应用中可进一步由引擎与马达驱动共同车轮以作差动蓄能复合驱动,图9所示为本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统应用于引擎与马达驱动共同车轮的实施例,主要为借助设有环形齿轮909的轮壳901内接第一小齿轮902,此小齿轮902所耦合的第一输入轴903与车轮轮壳901呈不同轴,再由一与车轮同轴的第二小齿轮904与第一小齿轮902接合,而第一小齿轮902及第二小齿轮904则向左右侧分别结合电力马达910及引擎900以形成复合动力系统,其主要构成如下:
车轮轮壳901,其为环设轮胎或直接构成车轮,其中间具有环形齿轮909及煞车装置908,并共同套设于心轴912,轮壳901为能环绕心轴912自由转动并为煞车装置908作制动的操控;
心轴912,其为单侧或双侧结合于车身支架,心轴912上设有第二小齿轮904,并可自由转动及接受引擎900或电力马达装置910所驱动;
第一小齿轮902,其为供与轮壳901的环形齿轮909啮合,及直接啮合于第二小齿轮904,或经中间轮系与第二小齿轮904连动,并结合于第一输入轴903,而第一输入轴903为供结合引擎或电力马达所驱动;
上述心轴912与第一输入轴903分别向轮壳901左右两侧不同方向延伸以供耦合于动力装置;
动力装置,其包括电力马达910及内燃引擎900,为分别结合于轮壳901两侧的心轴912及第一输入轴903的输入端,上述引擎900为由汽油或柴油或其他燃料内燃引擎所构成;上述马达910为一种减载时呈增速特性的串激或助复激或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作电流值操控(包括恒流控制)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机直接或经传动轮系以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能;
上述动力装置中的引擎900与心轴912输入端间可视需要加设离心式离合器或以机械力或人力操控或以电力操控的离合器;
上述第一输入轴903上的小齿轮902可直接与心轴912的第二小齿轮904啮合,或在第一输入轴903与第二小齿轮904间另设中间轮以改变速比;
本发明所设计的功能包括:
(1)以引擎单独驱动;
(2)以电力马达单独驱动;
(3)以一种减载时呈增速特性的串激或助复激或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作电流值操控(含恒流操控)的交流或直流有刷或无刷机直接或经传动轮系以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能的马达与引擎共同驱动;
(4)以电马达作发电煞车的动能因收将动能还原为电能充人蓄电瓶并获得煞车阻尼;
(5)以引擎驱动马达作发电机作用对电瓶充电。
综合上述,本发明的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统可应用于车轮、船舶、或作为其他固定式复合驱动动力;前述图1-图9所述的各项实施例,为揭示本案电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统的各种应用模式,在实际应用中,可视需要选择其输出功能周边配件,以弹性选择所需系统。

Claims (15)

1.一种借助差速装置作差动耦合的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统主要构成,其包括:
回转动力源(P101),其为由内燃引擎或其他回转动力源所构成,主动侧回转动力源设有一刹车器组(B101),并设有转速或功率控制器(PC101),供耦合于人工或中央控制器(CCU101)的指令输出侧;
差速装置(100),其包括由电磁耦合驱动装置驱动的太阳齿轮(101)及由主动侧回转动力源驱动的外环齿轮(102)及作为差动输出的游星齿轮(103)所构成的差动轮系组,差动齿轮组具有一对外输出共同中心轴(S104);及由具有转子及磁场结构的回转型的电磁耦合驱动装置(M101),在系统操作中借助输入电能作为马达,及将惯性转为电能作为发电机,及将差速装置分配部分主动侧回转动力源驱动动能转为发电对电瓶充电而与系统输出负载共同成为主动侧回转动力源的负载;借助对电瓶充电功率的调整而调整系统输出负载与主动侧回转动力源间的转速差,尤指主动侧回转动力源为引擎,上述作用使引擎动作于较佳工作区而维持对负载驱动转速的操控性:
上述差速装置进一步包括由定子及转子皆呈自由回转结构的电磁耦合驱动装置(M101)所构成,尤指设置于前轮与后轮间作为四轮传动的动力分配或设置于引擎与负载间作总功率和差分配;电磁耦合驱动装置的磁场及转子结构为兼具发电机或电动机的动作特性,由永磁式或线圈激磁式构成磁场及永久磁铁或滑环导电绕线式转子或由具有整流子的电枢所构成的串激或分激或复激或同步或异步的无刷式电机或步进式电机所构成;
接受中央控制器(CCU101)指令所操控的电磁耦合驱动装置操控单元(D101),供操控电磁耦合驱动装置的输出、入电流或与蓄电瓶间的充电或放电电压、电流及电磁耦合驱动装置本身提供电磁刹车效应阻尼时的电枢电流输出的操控;
各类蓄电瓶等具有可充放电特性的各种电能蓄储装置的蓄电瓶(BT101);
作为系统的回转输出端供驱动负载的输出轴(S103),其上可视需要选择加设刹车器(B103),以在系统操作中由系统负载作阻尼或进一步借助刹车器(B103)共用提供阻尼;
中央控制器(CCU101),其为由固态或机电元件所构成以接受人工或信号操控指令以操控系统;
其包括借助双动型电磁耦合驱动装置所构成,其主要结构为:
以汽油、柴油、酒精、瓦斯、氢气等为燃料的内燃引擎(P201);
内燃引擎原动回转输出轴(S202);
耦合器(203),其可为盘状连轴器、万向接头或其他习用的轴对轴,或轴对同轴回转物的连结装置;
电磁耦合驱动装置(M201)的可回转驱动磁场(204),其为借助前述耦合器(203)直接耦合于内燃引擎原动回转输出轴(S202)作直接回转动能传输,或借助传动装置耦合引擎输出轴作回转驱动;
定子激磁线圈(205):是接受中央控制器(CCU221)所操控,及借助导电环输入可控制极性及电流大小激磁电流,供产生相对磁场,或由永久磁铁磁场结构所构成交流或直流整流子电机或无刷式同步或异步电机所构成;
电枢导电刷座绝缘衬套(206);
电枢导电刷座绝缘盖(207);
电枢导电刷座(208);
电枢导电刷(209);
回转电枢换向器(210),于电磁耦合装置为整流子式电机结构,供转子换向及导电用,构造为圆筒状或盘状或锥状结构,其电刷及电刷座为相对设置于其外侧或侧面;
回转转子(211),其为具整流子式电枢含传统绕组及齿状铁芯的圆筒状直流电枢结构,或印刷式电枢转子结构,或杯型电枢转子结构,或无铁芯电枢转子结构,或其他交流或直流电机电枢结构,或无刷式则包括由永久磁铁所构成;
电枢转子输出轴(S212);
导电滑环绝缘衬套(213);
电枢及磁场输出入导电环(214):分别连接于电枢输出入导电刷座及连接于磁场激磁线圈两端,若为无刷机则上述相关刷座及电刷组等可依需求选择;
耦合于导电环的电刷(215);
耦合于导电环的电刷座(216);
耦合于导电环电刷的绝缘座(217);
内燃引擎原动输出轴电磁制动器(B101),其借助键、销或其他方式与输出轴结合,于通电时产生制动;包括借助电能或人工、气压、油压等方式操作以取代;
电磁耦合驱动装置(M201)输出侧电磁制动装置(B103),其借助键、销或其他方式与输出轴结合,而于通电时产生制动;包括以人工、气压或油压等方式操作取代;
电瓶组(BT220):依需求选用各式可充放电蓄电池或燃料电池;
引擎速度回授配合检速发电机(TG1),其为耦合于原动输出轴,而供产生引擎速度相对的模拟或数字信号的检测装置,其耦合位置包括选定于其他与引擎转速成比例的传动装置;
输出轴速度发电机(TG2),其为耦合于输出侧电枢转子输出轴或驱动轮系中与输出轴转数成比例位置,而借助光电或电磁效应产生与输出轴速度相对应的模拟或数字信号;
中央控制器(CCU221),其为习用固态或机电式元件、微型处理器等元件所构成,包括操控单元及驱动介面单元;其特征在于:
电磁耦合驱动装置(M201)的可回转磁场与可回转转子间离合器装置(CL222),其为由电磁或流体力或机械力所操控,“关”打开时使磁场与转子可作相对回转,“开”闭合时磁场与转子间作直接锁合传动;
周边装置,其包括电磁式油门调整驱动装置,借助(TG1)的回授对油门作相对驱动调整,进而使引擎作定速运转者;
辅助发电机,为直流或借助整流器整流的交流发电机,借助皮带或其他传动装置以接受引擎驱动产生发电功能;
电压调整器,供于不同引擎转速的下控制发电机产生充电电压以对电瓶充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其进一步为分段负载式结构,主要为主动侧回转动力源部分输出以先驱动前端直接负载再输往后端差动轮系结合电磁耦合驱动装置以驱动末端负载;其主要构成如下:
主动侧回转动力单元(300),其为一内燃引擎或其他回转动力源;
前端负载(W301),其为两组被驱动之前轮及以地面驱动阻抗为负载或其他负载;
直接负载的中间齿轮箱与传动装置及操作机构介面(M302),该操作机构介面(M302)包括传统前轮传动的自排或手排变速操控系统,其除供驱动前端负载外,并具有向后延伸一组或一组以上与前端负载的回转输出具有等比或非等比的转速比中轴(S301),该中轴类同四轮传动的向后延伸的后轮传动中轴,该中轴与作为马达及发电机的电磁耦合驱动装置(M301)共轴并在与原动侧的中间齿轮箱与传动装置及操作机构介面(M302)间设有离合器(CL301),与后端差动齿轮箱间设有一动力传输型可操控离合器(CL302),离合器包括由人工或流体力或机械力所操控的机械式离合器或由电力所操控的电磁离合器;
后端差动齿轮箱(310),其中小齿轮(301)接受离合器所驱动并于啮合于大齿轮(302),与大齿轮结合的差动齿轮(323、324)分别驱动两输出齿轮组(303、304)及两输出轴所带动的负载(W310、W311);大齿轮(302)借助小齿轮啮合动力源,其中前端小齿轮(301)供经离合器(CL301)通往主动回转动力单元;
电磁耦合驱动装置(M301),其为一种由交流或直流无刷或有刷式电机装置所构成而与中轴(S301)为共轴结构,并经可操控离合器(CL301)输往小齿轮(301),小齿轮为啮合于差动轮系上的大齿轮(302),其电机特性包括作为驱动马达及具有可将机械回转动能转为电能的再生发电;以及具有随负荷愈小速度愈高电机特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控如包括恒流操控的交流或直流有刷或无刷机供产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力,并具有能与主动侧回转动力源共同驱动时产生协助驱动负载扭力加值的协助驱动特性;
中央控制器(CCU301),其为由机电或固态电子元件所构成或混合构成,匹配输入操作指令及原动侧回转动力源的如油门状态的负荷状态及如速度的运转状态及输出操控电磁耦合驱动装置作发电机或马达或断电空载的动作状态,中央控制器(CCU301)并对离合器(CL301)作固锁及松脱的操控驱动。
3.如权利要求2所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其分段负载式结构并可进一步包括:
后端差动齿轮原两负载端仅作单端输出,电磁耦合驱动装置(M301)耦合于差动齿轮箱两负载端其中之一,另一端通往负载,电磁耦合驱动装置(M301)除可借助发电输出电流的反转矩作为阻尼外亦加设制动器(B301)于电磁耦合驱动装置的转部供作锁固或回转输出操控,中轴(S301)与后端负载间离合器可省略,电磁耦合驱动装置(M301)及制动器(B301)为由中央控制器(CCU302)所操控。
4.如权利要求2所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其分段负载式结构还包括:
主动侧回转动力源输出先直接驱动部分负载再输往双端轴式电磁耦合装置的一端供驱动末端负载;
电磁耦合器动装置的另一端与负载的传动方式包括直接通往另一部分负载或经传动元件再通往另一部分负载,或经差动轮系传给具差动性需求的如双组后车轮的负载;其主要构成如下:
主动侧回转动力单元(400),其为一内燃引擎;
直接驱动的负载(W401),其为一组或一组以上被驱动的轮并具有来自于负载的驱动阻抗;
直接驱动负载的中间齿轮箱与传动装置及操作介面(M402),该操作介面包括传统前轮传动的自排或手排变速操控系统,其除驱动前轮外并具有向后直接延伸或与直接负载的输出转速具有等速比或不等速比转速比例的中轴(S401),该中轴(S401)类同四轮传动的向后延伸的后轮传动中轴,该中轴与固定机壳之间设有由中央控制器(CCU401)所操控的刹车器(B401);
电磁耦合驱动装置(M401),其为呈双端轴的结构包括一可转动的磁场及可转动的转子所构成的双动结构,可回转磁场及可回转转子分别衔接传动用中轴及后端差动齿轮箱(401)的输入轴,以驱动两侧可差动负载(W402);
可旋转磁场及可旋转转子间可依需要增设离合装置(CL402)接受中央控制(CCU401)所操控供在操控中提供直接使两者作机械性同步锁固;
电磁耦合驱动装置为由具有随负荷愈小速度愈高电机特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控如包括恒流操控的交流或直流有刷或无刷机供产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力,并接受驱动电路(D401)作驱动操控;
驱动电路装置(D401)为介于电磁耦合驱动(M401)与蓄电瓶(BT401)之间接受中央控制器(CCU401)的操控指令所操控能操控电磁耦合驱动装置作为马达或发电机功能;
中央控制器(CCU401)则依操作者操作指令及主动侧回转动力单元(400)的运作状态而作成相对应的操控指令输往驱动电路装置(D401);
电磁耦合驱动装置双动结构与后端差动齿轮箱连结侧进一步可依需求加设与机壳间的制动器(B402)以供作为驱动前端负载或启动引擎。
5.如权利要求4所述的电能传储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其直接驱动负载与差动分配负载包括由含有一组或一组以上的回转动力原及一组或一组以上直接驱动负载及一组或一组以上双动型电磁耦合驱动装置及其所驱动负载的扩大型态的复式结构。
6.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其进一步包括借助串联双差动轮系构成,主要借助输入轴牵动第一差动轮组与由电磁耦合驱动装置所牵动的第二组差动轮组呈和及差的合成驱动结构,供驱动两输出轮及输出轴作差动输出,其主要结构包括:
原动侧动力源(P501),其由内燃引擎或其他回动力源所构成;
输入轴(S501),其为供结合原动侧回转动力源并牵动小齿轮(502)进而带动大齿轮(503);
大齿轮(503),其为啮合于输入小齿轮(502)并驱动第一差动轮系差动齿轮组(504、505)的框架(530),进而带动差动齿轮组(504、505),并与第二差动轮组(506)共同与差动轮组(510)呈和及差的驱动结构;
第二差动轮组(506),其为啮合第二输入齿轮(507),第二输入齿轮(507)则啮合于第二输入齿轮(508),第二输入齿轮(508)则与电磁混合驱动装置(509)结合驱动;
差动轮(510),其借助框架(531)与第二差动轮系的输入差动齿轮组(511、512)及输出差动轮(513、514)及两组输出轴(S515、S516)共同构成差动输出结构;
电磁耦合驱动装置(M609),其为供产生协助驱动负载的加值扭力,具有随负荷愈小速度愈高的电机负载特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作电流值操控如包括恒流操控的交流或直流有刷或无刷机,磁场与转子间设有一离合器(CL519)作为磁场与转子间锁固或松开的操作;
制动器(B518),其为供设置于静止机壳及原动侧回转动力源的输入端;
驱动电路(D517),其为接受中央控制器(CCU520)的指令操控电磁耦合驱动装置的运作状态包括作驱动马达操作;或操控蓄电瓶组(BT521)输往电磁耦合驱动装置(M509)间包括设定电流的输出电流值对负载作加值扭力协助驱动,与原动侧回转运力源共同驱动负载;或借助操控电磁耦合驱动装置对蓄电瓶组(BT521)充电电流以产生阻尼;
中央控制器(CCU520),其为由机电或固态电子元件所构成或混合构成,依操作信号及原动侧回转动力如油门状态的负荷状态信号及如速度的运转状态信号,以输出操控电磁耦合驱动装置作发电机或马达或断电空载等运作状态。
7.如权利要求6所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其中央控制器(CCU520)与制动器(CL519)及制动器(B518)作成固锁及松脱的操控状态包括:
电磁耦合驱动装置驱动负载或作发电再生制动时制动器(B518)作成固锁及松脱的操控状态含:
电磁耦合驱动装置驱动负载或作发电再生制动时制动器(B518)可呈锁固状态;原动侧回转动力源运动负载时制动器(CL519)呈可锁固状态;
原动侧回转动力源与电磁耦合驱动装置共同驱动负载时制动器(B518)及离合器(CL519)皆呈松脱状态。
8.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其还进一步包括借助具有协助驱动负荷加值扭力特性的辅助电机混合驱动构成,主要结构如下:
回转动力源,其由引擎或其他回转动力源,与输入轴(S601)间具有动力传输离合器或具空档及变速的传动装置;
输入轴(S601),其为接收来自引擎或其他回转动力源所驱动,并借助第一小齿轮(602)耦合于输入大齿轮(603);
输入大齿轮(603),其为供结合牵动两组差动齿轮组(605、615)以及另行耦合第二小齿轮(604)以和辅助电机(M610)作动力耦合;
左侧差动轮(606),其供驱动左输出轴(S608);
右侧差动轮(607),其供驱动右输出轴(S609);
辅助电机(M610),其为接受驱动器(D611)所驱动,特别为由具有随负荷愈小转速愈高电机特性的串激或助复激型所构成或可作包括恒流操控的电流值操控交流或直流有刷或无刷机以产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力的特性,电机组供耦合于差动轮系的输入大齿轮或耦合于更接近引擎原动侧,借助传动元件与原动侧回转轴耦合;
驱动电机驱动器(D611),其构成包括由机电元件或固态元件所构成或混合构成,为接受中央控制器(CCU620)所操控,依原动侧的如转速、耗油量及总驱动需求指令值的驱动运作状态对辅助电机作成包括:自电瓶组(BT612)取得电能作电动机输出,或作为发电机对电瓶组充电,或空载等状态的操控;
中央控制器(CCU620),其为依系统输出操作指令及原动侧包括转速、耗油量的运作状态以对驱动器(D611)发出相对指令,此系统的运作至少包括:原动侧呈开路即与输入轴间藉离合器松开或操作变速齿轮呈空档状态,借助由电瓶电力驱动辅助电机作马达功能驱动负载;原动侧回转输入时,借助对辅助电机作电流操控进而调节其对原动侧的协助驱动扭力;辅助电机呈开路由原动侧作驱动操作;原动侧处于轻载输入时或减速需求时辅助电机呈发电机状态对电瓶组充电;
储电装置(BT612),其为由可充放电电瓶组所构成,可选用自各种可充放电的二次电瓶或燃料电瓶。
9.如权利要求8所述的电能转储式差耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:若其负载侧所驱动为单一输出轴,则由输入大齿轮(603)直接结合输入轴(S601),并省略原差动轮系,而辅助电机(M610)则仍借助第二小齿轮(604)耦合于大齿轮(603)。
10.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其进一步包括:
引擎原动侧齿轮与辅助电机齿轮啮合构成并联形态结构电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,引擎(D702)与输出大齿轮(704)间具有离合装置(CL605);引擎及辅助电机共同输出端具有离合器(CL706)或变速箱具有空档;
驱动电机驱动器(D711),其供接受中央控制器(CCU720)的指令输入及输出操控辅助电机,其构成包括由机电元件或固态元件所构成或浊给构成;
中央控制器(CCU720),其为供输入系统操作指令及原动侧包括转速、耗油量的运作状态及对驱动器(D711)发出相对输出指令;
储电装置(BT712),其为由可充放电电瓶组所构成,可选用各种可充放电的二次电瓶或燃料电瓶;
辅助电机(M701),其为具有随负荷愈小转速愈高的电机负载特性串激或助复激型所构成或可作包括恒流操控的电流值操控交流或直流有刷或无刷机供产生协助驱动负荷的加值扭力特性功能,并借助小齿轮(703)耦合于输出大齿轮(704)。
11.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统其特征在于:进一步可由前置引擎及后置减载时呈增速特性的驱动马达所构成,其主要构成如下:
前置引擎(800)为由汽油或柴油或其他燃料内燃引擎所构成供经传动机构(801)驱动两前轮(W805及W806);
后置马达为一种减载时呈增速特性的马达(810),为由串激马达或助复激马达或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作包括恒流操控的电流值操控交流或直流有刷或无刷机所构成,以直接或经差动减速轮系(811)随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能驱动后轮(W812及W813)。
12.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其进一步可由前置引擎及后轮各另具有减载时呈增速特性的驱动马达所构成,其主要构成如下:
前置引擎(800)为由汽油、柴油或酒精或氢气或其他燃料所驱动的内燃引擎,供经驱动机构(801)驱动两前轮(W805及W806);
后置马达为一种减载时呈增速特性的串激或助复激或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作包括恒流操控的电流值操控的交流或直流有刷或无刷机(821、822)直接或经传动轮系(823、824)以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能,各别驱动两侧后轮(W825、W826)。
13.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动务系统,其特征在于:其进一步可由前引擎及后置由减载时呈增速特性的马达驱动单一后轮所构成,其主要构成如下:
前置引擎(800)为由汽油或柴油或酒精或氢气或其他燃料所驱动的内燃引擎,经传动装置(801)驱动两侧前轮(W805及W806);
后置供驱动单组后轮(W834)的减载时呈增速特性的马达(832)为由串激或复激型马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作包括恒流操控的电流值操控的交流或直流有刷或无刷机直接或经传动轮系(833)以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能驱动后轮。
14.如权利要求11或12或13所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统的应用结构中,其前置引擎及后置马达可视应用需要作前后对调,其特征在于:其工作特性包括:
(a)以内燃引擎驱动运载工具;
(b)以电力马达驱动运载工具作前进或倒车;
(c)(1)与(2)同时驱动;
(d)借助电力马达起动及巡航中牵动引擎以发动之,并作后续运转;
(e)煞车时马达转为发电机对电瓶充电;
(f)引擎驱动中同时使马达转为发电机对电瓶充电。
15.如权利要求1所述的电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统,其特征在于:其进一步可借助引擎与马达驱动共同车轮,其主要结构为借助设有环形齿轮(909)的轮壳(901)内接第一小齿轮(902),此小齿轮(902)所耦合的第一输入轴(903)与车轮轮壳(901)呈不同轴,再由一与车轮同轴的第二小齿轮(904)与第一小齿轮(902)接合,而第一小齿轮(902)及第二小齿轮(904)则向左右侧分别结合电力马达(910)及引擎(900)以形成复合动力系统,其主要构成如下:
车轮轮壳901,其为环设轮胎或直接构成车轮,其中间具有环形齿轮(909)及煞车装置(908),并共同套设于心轴(912),轮壳(901)为能环绕心轴(912)自由转动并为煞车装置(908)作制动的操控;
心轴(912),其为单侧或双侧结合于车身支架,心轴(912)上设有第二小齿轮(904),并可自由转动及接受引擎(900)或电力马达装置(910)所驱动;
第一小齿轮(902),其为供与轮壳(901)的环形齿轮(909)啮合,及直接啮合于第二小齿轮(904),或经中间轮系与第二小齿轮(904)连动,并结合于第一输入轴(903),而第一输入轴(903)为供结合引擎或电力马达所驱动;
上述心轴(912)与第一输入轴(903)分别向轮壳(901)左右两侧不同方向延伸以供耦合于动力装置;
动力装置,其包括电力马达(910)及内燃引擎(900),为分别结合于轮壳(901)两侧的心轴(912)及第一输入轴(903)的输入端,上述引擎(900)为由汽油或柴油或其他燃料内燃引擎所构成;上述马达(910)为一种减载时呈增速特性的串激或助复激或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作包括恒流控制的电流值操控的交流或直流有刷或无刷机直接或经传动轮系以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能;
上述动力装置中的引擎(900)与心轴(912)输入端间可视需要加设离心式离合器或以机械力或人力操控或以电力操控的离合器;
上述第一输入轴(903)上的小齿轮(902)可直接与心轴(912)的第二小齿轮(904)啮合,或在第一输入轴(903)与第二小齿轮(904)间另设中间轮以改变速比;
其功能包括:
(a)以引擎单独驱动;
(b)以电力马达单独驱动;
(c)以一种减载时呈增速特性的串激或助复激或可定电流驱动的马达或其他具有随负载愈小转速愈高电机特性的马达或可作包括恒流操控的电流值操控的交流或直流有刷或无刷机直接或经传动轮系以随负载变化产生协助扭力以协助驱动负载的功能的马达与引擎共同驱动;
(d)以电马达作发电煞车的动能回收将动能还原为电能充入蓄电瓶并获得煞车阻尼;
(e)以引擎驱动马达作发电机作用对电瓶充电。
CN94103825A 1993-02-22 1994-03-24 电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1077952C (zh)

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GB9303513A GB2275309B (en) 1993-02-22 1993-02-22 Differential coupling and compounding system
US08/087,269 US5489001A (en) 1993-02-22 1993-07-08 Differential coupling and compound power system for a vehicle
EP94300823A EP0666192B1 (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 Different coupling and compounding power system of electric transmission storing type
ES94300823T ES2131157T3 (es) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 Sistema de acoplamiento diferencial y traccion compuesta del tipo con transmision y almacenamiento electricos.
DE69418023T DE69418023T2 (de) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 Verschiedene Kopplungs- und Verbund- Leistungssysteme vom elektrischen Übertragungs- und Speichertyp
CA002115005A CA2115005C (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 Differential coupling and compound power system for a vehicle
AU55032/94A AU676522B2 (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-09 Differential coupling and compounding power system for a vehicle
CN94103825A CN1077952C (zh) 1993-02-22 1994-03-24 电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统
BR9401023A BR9401023A (pt) 1993-02-22 1994-04-29 Sistema de acoplamento diferencial e composição de potência do tipo de armazenagem elétrica de transmissão

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GB9303513A GB2275309B (en) 1993-02-22 1993-02-22 Differential coupling and compounding system
US08/087,269 US5489001A (en) 1993-02-22 1993-07-08 Differential coupling and compound power system for a vehicle
EP94300823A EP0666192B1 (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 Different coupling and compounding power system of electric transmission storing type
CA002115005A CA2115005C (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 Differential coupling and compound power system for a vehicle
AU55032/94A AU676522B2 (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-09 Differential coupling and compounding power system for a vehicle
CN94103825A CN1077952C (zh) 1993-02-22 1994-03-24 电能转储式差动耦合复合动力系统
BR9401023A BR9401023A (pt) 1993-02-22 1994-04-29 Sistema de acoplamento diferencial e composição de potência do tipo de armazenagem elétrica de transmissão

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EP0666192B1 (en) 1999-04-21
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DE69418023D1 (de) 1999-05-27
DE69418023T2 (de) 1999-08-12
CN1109152A (zh) 1995-09-27
US5489001A (en) 1996-02-06
CA2115005A1 (en) 1995-08-05
EP0666192A1 (en) 1995-08-09
CA2115005C (en) 2005-04-12
GB2275309A (en) 1994-08-24
AU676522B2 (en) 1997-03-13
GB9303513D0 (en) 1993-04-07
GB2275309B (en) 1997-10-29
ES2131157T3 (es) 1999-07-16

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