CN107791636A - 一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107791636A
CN107791636A CN201711009241.2A CN201711009241A CN107791636A CN 107791636 A CN107791636 A CN 107791636A CN 201711009241 A CN201711009241 A CN 201711009241A CN 107791636 A CN107791636 A CN 107791636A
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layer
silicone resin
composite
resin composite
methyl phenyl
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姜波
张亮
黄玉东
刘丽
巩桂芬
关胜杰
陈帆
陈一帆
丁磊
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料及其制备方法，属于防护材料领域。所述复合材料由内层承载层、外层隔热层组成；所述内层承载层为碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层，所述外层隔热层为玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；所述内层承载层与外层隔热层通过层间粘接剂进行粘接。本发明的优点是：内层碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层作为承载层，具有良好的抗化学腐蚀性、优异的耐高温性，强度高，承载力大，可以有效的在高压下防护，解决了动车外壳、飞机壳体等防护材料力学性能方面存在的不足；外层玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层具有优异的耐高温性能，抗冲刷，抗烧蚀，而且还具有优异的机械性能以及良好的介电性能。

Description

一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于防护材料领域，具体涉及一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着高技术产业的快速发展、国民生活水平的提升，生活中对树脂基复合材料的结构控制和功能设计方面都提出了越来越高的要求。比如，动车的外壳、飞机的壳体可以达到300℃。作为隔热保护的热防护材料，树脂基复合材料除了要具有优异的机械性能和介电性能外，同时还要具有优异的耐热性能。现有的防护材料在机械性能、隔热方面还存在很多不足。
碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料是一种高性能结构材料，不仅具有抗疲劳、耐环境腐蚀性以及优异的可设计性，而且具有优异的力学性能，能够大大提高材料的使用寿命。玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料具有良好的力学性能，而且还具有良好的高温耐热性能。相比较金属材料，树脂基复合材料能够明显地减轻防护材料的重量，绿色环保，安全无污染，因此世界各国都高度重视树脂基复合材料的结构控制和功能设计方面的研究开发。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有动车外壳、飞机壳体以及其他防护材料质量重、机械强度、以及隔热方面存在的严重不足，无法满足实际应用要求的问题，提供一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，所述复合材料由内层承载层、外层隔热层组成；所述内层承载层为碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层，所述外层隔热层为玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；所述内层承载层与外层隔热层通过层间粘接剂进行粘接。
一种上述的多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料的制备方法，所述方法具体步骤如下：
步骤一：将玻璃纤维布置于烘箱中，在200℃-250℃温度下保持4-6h，自然冷却至室温，然后将玻璃纤维布浸渍至固含量为50%的甲基苯基硅树脂中，浸渍完玻璃纤维布后采用干法自然晾干24h，制备成预浸料，然后放入模具中进行模压成型，模压温度依次为60℃-90℃之间1-3h、100℃-120℃之间2-4 h、130℃-150℃之间2-4 h、160℃-180℃之间2-4h、190℃-230℃之间4-6h，得到玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层和碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层利用层间粘接剂粘接到一起，即得到一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，所述粘接过程具体为在温度为160℃-220℃的压机中，固化1-3h。
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果是：
1、内层碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层作为承载层，具有良好的抗化学腐蚀性、优异的力学性能，强度高，承载力大，可以有效的在高压下防护，解决了动车外壳、飞机壳体等防护材料力学性能方面存在的不足。
2、外层玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层具有优异的耐高温性能，抗冲刷，抗烧蚀，高温下具有良好的耐热性，达到了我们设计的要求，而且还具有优异的机械性能以及良好的介电性能。
3、所述层间粘接剂为一种硅树脂胶黏剂或环氧改性硅树脂胶黏剂一种或两种的混合物，可以提高层与层之间的结合能力与牢固度。
附图说明
图1为本发明的多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修正或等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神范围，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之中。
具体实施方式一：如图1所示，本实施方式记载的是一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，所述复合材料由内层承载层、外层隔热层组成；所述内层承载层为碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层，所述外层隔热层为玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；所述内层承载层与外层隔热层通过层间粘接剂进行粘接；a层为外层隔热层，即玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层，b层为内层承载层，即碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层，c层为层间粘接剂。
具体实施方式二：具体实施方式一所述的一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，所述的层间粘接剂为硅树脂胶黏剂或环氧改性硅树脂胶黏剂中的一种或两种的混合物。
具体实施方式三：一种具体实施方式一或二所述的一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料的制备方法，所述方法具体步骤如下：
步骤一：将玻璃纤维布置于烘箱中，在200℃-250℃温度下保持4-6h，自然冷却至室温，然后将玻璃纤维布浸渍至固含量为50%的甲基苯基硅树脂中，浸渍完玻璃纤维布后采用干法自然晾干24h，制备成预浸料，然后放入模具中进行模压成型，模压温度依次为60℃-90℃之间1-3h、100℃-120℃之间2-4 h、130℃-150℃之间2-4 h、160℃-180℃之间2-4h、190℃-230℃之间4-6h，得到玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层和碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层利用层间粘接剂粘接到一起，即得到一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，所述粘接过程具体为在温度为160℃-220℃的压机中，固化1-3h。
实施例1：
一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料的制备方法，所述方法具体步骤如下：
步骤一：将玻璃纤维布置于烘箱中，在250℃温度下保持5h，自然冷却至室温，然后将玻璃纤维布浸渍至固含量为50%的甲基苯基硅树脂中，浸渍完玻璃纤维布后采用干法自然晾干24h，制备成预浸料，然后放入模具中进行模压成型，模压温度依次为60℃-90℃之间1-3h、100℃-120℃之间2-4 h、130℃-150℃之间2-4 h、160℃-180℃之间2-4h、190℃-230℃之间5h，得到玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层和碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层利用层间粘接剂粘接到一起，即得到一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，所述粘接过程具体为在温度为220℃的压机中，固化3h。对本实施例得到的多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料进行力学性能测试，测试结果如下：
外层玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层弯曲强度：275.48MPa
外层玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层常温层间剪切强度：21.40MPa
内层碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层常温弯曲强度：632.48MPa
内层碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层常温层间剪切强度：60.07MPa
两层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料常温弯曲强度：159.81MPa
强度可靠性：外层玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层放入马弗炉中，温度升至380℃，保持10min，弯曲强度≥50 MPa；
玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层380℃，10min试样弯曲强度：71.28MPa。

Claims (3)

1.一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，其特征在于：所述复合材料由内层承载层、外层隔热层组成；所述内层承载层为碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层，所述外层隔热层为玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；所述内层承载层与外层隔热层通过层间粘接剂进行粘接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，其特征在于：所述的层间粘接剂为硅树脂胶黏剂或环氧改性硅树脂胶黏剂中的一种或两种的混合物。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述方法具体步骤如下：
步骤一：将玻璃纤维布置于烘箱中，在200℃-250℃温度下保持4-6h，自然冷却至室温，然后将玻璃纤维布浸渍至固含量为50%的甲基苯基硅树脂中，浸渍完玻璃纤维布后采用干法自然晾干24h，制备成预浸料，然后放入模具中进行模压成型，模压温度依次为60℃-90℃之间1-3h、100℃-120℃之间2-4 h、130℃-150℃之间2-4 h、160℃-180℃之间2-4h、190℃-230℃之间4-6h，得到玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的玻璃纤维增强甲基苯基硅树脂复合材料层和碳纤维增强聚酰亚胺树脂复合材料层利用层间粘接剂粘接到一起，即得到一种多层耐热抗烧蚀复合材料，所述粘接过程具体为在温度为160℃-220℃的压机中，固化1-3h。
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